Diastereo-and regio-selective alkenyl substituted bicyclic structures preparing from strained bicyclic alkene systems
The use of carbene ligated transition-metal catalysts with hydride sources addresses the challenges of stereo-and regio-selectivity in synthesizing bifunctionalized compounds, enabling efficient one-step production of asymmetrically substituted bicyclic structures with improved selectivity and broad substrate compatibility.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/113103
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for synthesizing bifunctionalized compounds with rigid linkers face challenges in achieving stereo-and regio-selectivity due to steric barriers and the use of phosphorus-based or nitrogen-based ligands, which are unsuitable for Lewis basic alkenyl tethers, leading to inefficient and multi-step processes.
A process using carbene ligated transition-metal catalysts, such as (IPr) Ni (allyl) Cl, in conjunction with a hydride source like 1-octene, to facilitate the formation of asymmetrically substituted bicyclic compounds by altering the selectivity through the structure of the compound of formula (II).
This approach enables the one-step, redox-neutral, and atom-economic synthesis of asymmetrically substituted bicyclic structures with improved selectivity, overcoming the limitations of traditional methods by utilizing a broad range of alkenyl substrates.
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Figure CN2024113103_26022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DIASTEREO-AND REGIO-SELECTIVE ALKENYL SUBSTITUTED BICYCLIC STRUCTURES PREPARING FROM STRAINED BICYCLIC ALKENE SYSTEMSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application is directed to organic synthesis chemistry, in particular to a process for preparing asymmetrically substituted bicyclic structures from the corresponding bicyclic alkenes by an acyclic alkene directed cooperation with a NHC ligated transition-metal catalysts.BACKGROUND
[0002] Synthesis of bifunctionalized compounds featuring a rigid linker is one of the most important aspects in organic synthesis chemistry, they are the core structures of many important functional materials and bioactive molecules. They may serve as primary starting point for preparations of various materials via subsequent transformations, and it avoids undesired intramolecular reactions.
[0003] Bicyclic carbon framework is one of the key linkers to place two or more functional groups apart. Today’s major obstacle comes from the challenges to install functional groups regio-and stereo-selectively. Besides, most of the systems are inefficient and showed only limited functional group tolerance, especially in those rely on high operation temperature, stoichiometric amount of strong oxidant, or non-neutral pH conditions.
[0004] Hydroalkenylation of norbornene with ethylene or propene is one of the traditional methods to prepare norbornyl derivatives by forming a new alkenyl group. The use of phosphorus-based or nitrogen-based ligand is essential for the desired reactivity. Unfortunately, these traditional protocols were found unable to use a broad range of acyclic alkenes as alkenyl group donors due to the strong Lewis acidity of the catalysts, leading it unsuitable for preparing products with Lewis basic alkenyl tether such as N-substituted alkenes (enamine derivatives) and allylethers.
[0005] Stereo-and regio-selective hydroalkenylation is another resilient problem in the field for two reasons. First, the bicyclic bridge is a known steric barrier that reduced the response of the transition-metal catalyst to the substituents located on the other side of the bicyclic alkene ring such as 2-exo-or 2-endo-substituents. Second, the conventional methods involved the bicyclic alkene hydrometallation as the first step in the catalytic cycle, which determined the hydrometallation and final product stereo-and regioselectivity. Optimizations were therefore focused on the ligand and the bicyclic alkene only. The effect of acyclic alkene donor in the carbometallation step was unexplored, since it was not supposed to be an important factor that can alternate the product selectivity by traditional catalytic cycle.
[0006] Indeed, despite the 2-substituted norbornene is an easily accessible substrate by Diels-Alder reaction, they were not employed and explored in stereo-and regio-selective hydroalkenylation. Symmetrically substituted bicyclic alkenes were the mostly employed substrates, which avoided the selectivity challenge. Besides, even when the carbon skeleton of the bicyclic alkene was substituted by a N-Ts (i.e. [2.2.1] -heterobicyclic tosylamide) , the regioselectivity of the hydrovinylation remained poor (up to 1.5: 1) , and only ethylene was demonstrated as possible substrate partners.
[0007] At this stage, indirect and multistep synthetic methods were often employed to prepare the bifunctionalized compounds regio-and stereo-selectively. The tedious stepwise preparation and separation steps, as well as the stoichiometric amount of additives and metallic reagents, have significantly lowered the synthesis efficiency and the application potential. Overall, there are vast demands to develop methodologies that can join alkenyl substrates with functionalized norbornene derivatives to produce asymmetric substituted bicyclic structures for a broad range of substitution patterns in one-step in a redox-neutral and atom-economic way.
[0008] The poor selectivity originated from the conventional catalytic cycle that relies on use P-or N-ligated transition-metal hydride directed the hydrometallation of the bicyclic alkene as the first step.SUMMARY
[0009] In one aspect, the present application is directed to a straightforward strategy for preparing asymmetrically substituted bicyclic compound of formula (III) or (IV) from a compound of formula (I) by pairing a compound of formula (II) with a carbene ligated transition-metal catalyst or a precursor in the presence of a hydride source,
[0010] wherein,
[0011] The structure of the compound of formula (II) is used as one of the key factors that can alter the selectivity of (III) and (IV) under a given condition.
[0012] Transition-metal catalyst is selected from Groups 3 to 12 on the periodic table.
[0013] Carbene is selected from any member of a class of molecules containing divalent carbon atom.
[0014] Hydride source is a compound that can generate a transition metal hydride from the corresponding transition-metal catalyst in conventional ways, such as silane, alcohol, alkoxyl, borane, Grignard reagent and alike.
[0015] W at 1-position, X at 2-endo position, and Y at 2-exo position are independently selected from H, substituted saturated or functionalized hydrocarbons including aromatic and non-aromatic structures and the like. X and Y are not H at the same time,
[0016] Z is an optionally substituted alkyl chains or heteroatom and the like,
[0017] R1, R2 and R3 on a compound of formula (II) are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halide, heteroatom, metalloids, or optionally substituted alkyls, heteosubstituted alkyls and unsaturated structures, like aryls, heteroaryls, alkenyls, and the alike,
[0018] Substituents on a compound of formula (I) and (II) are optionally being connected by alkylene chains, and the carbon center on the bicyclic ring are optionally replaced by heteroatoms such as NR and O and the alike.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] Definitions
[0020] In the following description, certain specific details are included to facilitate a thorough understanding of various disclosed embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art, however, will recognize that embodiments may be practiced without one or more of these specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, etc.
[0021] Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as, “comprises” and “comprising” are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense, which is as “including, but not limited to” .
[0022] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” , or “an embodiment” , or “in another embodiment” , or “some embodiments” , or “in some embodiments” means that a particular referent feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearance of the phrases “in one embodiment” , or “in an embodiment” , or “in another embodiment” , or “in some embodiments” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
[0023] It should be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a” , “an” , and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. In the present application, the use of “or” means “and / or” unless stated otherwise.
[0024] Certain chemical groups named herein are preceded by a shorthand notation indicating the total number of carbon atoms that are to be found in the indicated chemical group. For example, C7-C12 alkyl describes an alkyl group, as defined below, having a total of 7 to 12 carbon atoms, and C4-C12 cycloalkyl describes a cycloalkyl group, as defined below, having a total of 4 to 12 carbon atoms. The total number of carbons in the shorthand notation does not include carbons that may exist in substituents of the group described.
[0025] Accordingly, as used in the specification and appended claims, unless specified to the contrary, the following terms have the meaning indicated:
[0026] The term “alkyl” as used herein alone or as part of a group means any unbranched or branched, substituted or unsubstituted, saturated hydrocarbon group. The alkyl moiety, may be branched or straight chain. The alkyl group may be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0027] The term “alkenyl” as used herein alone or as part of a group refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain group consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing at least one double bond, having from two to twelve carbon atoms, preferably two to eight carbon atoms and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond, e.g., ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, penta-1, 4-dienyl, and the like.
[0028] The term “aryl” as used herein alone or as part of a group is intended to mean a carbocyclic aromatic ring or ring system. An aryl group may be unsubstituted or substituted. Moreover, the term “aryl” includes fused ring systems wherein at least two aryl rings, or at least one aryl and at least one C3-8-cycloalkyl share at least one chemical bond. Some examples of “aryl” rings include optionally substituted phenyl, naphthalenyl, phenanthrenyl, anthracenyl, tetralinyl, fluorenyl, indenyl, and indanyl.
[0029] The term “heteroaryl” as used herein alone or as part of a group is intended to mean a heterocyclic aromatic group where one or more carbon atoms in an aromatic ring have been replaced with one or more heteroatoms selected from the group comprising nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen.
[0030] The term “heteroaryl” comprises fused ring systems wherein at least one aryl ring and at least one heteroaryl ring, at least two heteroaryl rings, at least one heteroaryl ring and at least one heterocyclyl ring, or at least one heteroaryl ring and at least one cycloalkyl ring share at least one chemical bond.
[0031] The term “optional” or “optionally” as used herein means that the subsequently described event of circumstances may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not.
[0032] The term “transition metal” as used herein refers to any element in the d-block of the periodic table of the elements. This corresponds to groups 3 (IIIB) to 12 (IIB) on the periodic table.
[0033] The term “ligand” in chemistry generally refers to an atom, ion, or molecule that bonds to a central metal, generally involving formal donation of one or more of its electrons. The metal-ligand bonding ranges from covalent to more ionic.
[0034] The term “carbene (s) ” as used herein refers to an organic molecule containing a carbon atom with six valence electrons and having the general formula RR’C:.
[0035] The term “alkylene” or “alkylene chain” as used herein alone or as part of a group refers to a straight or branched divalent hydrocarbon chain linking the rest of the molecule to a radical group, consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen, containing no unsaturation and having from one to twelve carbon atoms, e.g., methylene, ethylene, propylene, n-butylene, and the like. The alkylene chain is attached to the rest of the molecule through a single bond and to the radical group through a single bond. The points of attachment of the alkylene chain to the rest of the molecule and to the radical group can be through one carbon or any two carbons within the chain.
[0036] The term “amine” as used herein refers to a compound that comprises an amino group. The term “amino” as used herein alone or as part of a group refers to the substituted N-groups.
[0037] Metalloid, or semi metal, is a term used in chemistry when classifying the chemical elements. On the basis of their general physical and chemical properties, nearly every element in the periodic table can be termed either a metal or a nonmetal. However, a few elements are referred to as metalloids. There is no rigorous definition of the term, but the following properties are usually considered characteristic of metalloids: (1) metalloids often form amphoteric oxides; and (2) metalloids often behave as semiconductors (B, Si, Ge) .
[0038] The following elements are generally considered metalloids: Boron (B) , Silicon (Si) , Germanium (Ge) , Arsenic (As) , Antimony (Sb) , Tellurium (Te) , and Polonium (Po) .
[0039] In one aspect, the present application is directed to a straightforward strategy for preparing asymmetrically substituted bicyclic compound of formula (III) or (IV) from a compound of formula (I) by pairing a compound of formula (II) with a carbene ligated transition-metal catalyst or a precursor in the presence of a hydride source,
[0040] wherein,
[0041] The structure of the compound of formula (II) is used as one of the key factors that can alter the selectivity of (III) and (IV) under a given condition The transition-metal catalyst is [ (IPr) Ni (allyl) Cl] .
[0042] The carbene is IPr, IPr = 1, 3-bis (2, 6-di-isopropylphenyl) imidazol-2-ylidene; CAS: 244187-81-3) .
[0043] The hydride source is 1-octene that can be used to generate a Ni hydride species [ (IPr) NiH] BArF or its equivalent in situ.
[0044] W at 1-position, X at 2-endo position, and Y at 2-exo position are independently selected from H, substituted saturated or functionalized hydrocarbons including aromatic and non-aromatic structures and the like. X and Y are not H at the same time,
[0045] Z is an optionally substituted alkyl chains or heteroatom and the like,
[0046] R1, R2 and R3 on a compound of formula (II) are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halide, heteroatom, metalloids, or optionally substituted alkyls, heteosubstituted alkyls and unsaturated structures, like aryls, heteroaryls, alkenyls, and the alike,
[0047] Substituents on a compound of formula (I) and (II) are optionally being connected by alkylene chains, and the carbon center on the bicyclic ring are optionally replaced by heteroatoms such as NR and O and the alike.
[0048] The transition metal catalyst of the present invention may include any catalytic transition metal and / or catalyst precursor as it is introduced into the reaction vessel and which may be, if needed, converted in situ into active form, as well as the active form of the catalyst which participates in the reaction. In some embodiments of the present application, the transition metal is selected from Groups 3 to 12 on the periodic table.
[0049] In some embodiments of the present application, the corresponding transition-metal catalyst is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Pd, Pt, and Co.
[0050] In some embodiments of the present application, the transition metal is selected from Group 10 on the periodic table, consisting of Nickel (Ni) , Palladium (Pd) and Platinum (Pt) .
[0051] In some embodiments of the present application, a ligand on the transition metal catalyst is selected from the group consisting of carbenes, heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) , biscarbenes, bisheterocyclic carbenes, and their hybrids, combinations, and derivatives.
[0052] In some embodiments of the present application, the ligand or metal bears a weakly or non-nucleophilic stabilizing ion, including but not limited to halogen, boronates, sulfonates, and phosphonates.
[0053] The ligand can be added to the reaction mixture in the form of a metal complex, or added as separate reagent relative to the addition of the metal. The ligand, if chiral, can be provided as a racemic mixture or a purified stereoisomer.
[0054] In some embodiments of the present application, the transition metal catalyst is provided in the reaction in a catalytic amount. In certain embodiments, that amount is in the range of < 10 mol%, with respect to the limiting reagent formula (I)
[0055] In some embodiments of the present application, the reaction can be carried out optionally with a solvent. The solvent is selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alicyclic hydrocarbons, halohydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, esters, ketones, nitriles and diol derivatives.
[0056] In some embodiments of the present application, the solvent is selected from the group consisting of toluene, dichloromethane, and dichloroethane.
[0057] Alternatively, the reaction can be carried out in neat condition. Ionic liquid, such as imidazolium salts, can be also used as reaction medium.
[0058] In some embodiments of the present application, the process may be carried out optionally in a buffer to minimize the problems related to substrate, product or catalyst decomposition. Examples of the buffer which can be used in the present application include but not limited to ammonium salt, phosphorous buffer, substituted pyridine.
[0059] EXAMPLES
[0060] The reaction is oxygen and moisture sensitive, substrates shall be dried and degassed before use (normally over CaH2, or over powdered CaCl2 overnight) . Unless otherwise indicated, all reactions were performed under an oxygen-free atmosphere of nitrogen or argon with rigid exclusion of moisture from reagents and glassware.
[0061] Ni (cod) 2 [Bis (1, 5-cyclooctadiene) nickel (0) ] , KHMDS [Potassium hexamethyldisilazane] , NHC and NHC·HCl were purchased from commercial sources, stored in a glovebox and used without further purification. NaBArF [Sodium tetrakis [3, 5-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] borate] was purchased from Ark or Bide, vacuumized for 12 h under 100℃ and then stored in a glove box before use. Toluene was distilled over sodium and CaH2 before use.
[0062] Analytical thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed using EM Science silica gel 60 F254 plates. The developed chromatogram was analyzed by UV lamp (254 nm) , ethanolic phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) or potassium permanganate (KMnO4) . Liquid chromatography was performed using a forced flow (flash chromatography) of the indicated solvent system on Silica Gel (230–400 mesh) . 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker 400 MHz or 300 MHz spectrometers in CDCl3. Chemical shifts in 1H NMR spectra are reported in ppm on the δ scale from an internal standard of residual chloroform (7.26 ppm) . Data are reported as follows: chemical shift, multiplicity (s= singlet, d = doublet, t = triplet, q = quartet, m =multiplet, br = broad) , coupling constant in hertz (Hz) , and integration. Chemical shifts of 13C NMR spectra are reported in ppm from the central peak of CDCl3 (77.16 ppm) on the δ scale.
[0063] The catalyst with a general formula of [ (NHC) Ni (allyl) Cl] as an example in this case, can be generated according to but not limited to the following method: Ni (cod) 2 (1 equiv. ) , allyl-Cl, were stirred in COD for 5 mins at r.t., after vacuo, IPr (1 equiv. ) was added and the mixture was stirred in toluene for 1 h at r.t.
[0064] The [ (NHC) Ni (allyl) Cl] catalyst can be also generated by other methods, include but not limited to mixing a Ni source with 1) an imidazolium salt or an ionic liquid in general with or without a base; or 2) alkyl, aryl, benzyl, vinyl, alkenyl or alkynyl X; or 3) other common organometallic transformations and manipulations techniques, such as metathesis or elimination steps as well as substitutions and alike.
[0065] Experimental results suggested that the coupling reactions are sensitive to the carbene catalyst structures, the counter ion used and possibly generation methods.
[0066] General Procedure for catalyst generation: In a glove box, Ni (cod) 2 (0.025 mmol, 10 mol%) was added to an oven-dried test tube equipped with a stir bar. 0.1 mL cod followed by one drop of allyl chloride were added and the mixture was stirred until Ni (cod) 2 was dissolved completely. The solution was then dried by vacuo. NHC (0.025 mmol, 10 mol%) and 1 mL toluene was added and the mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. Then, the [ (NHC) Ni (allyl) Cl] complex solution was filtered to an oven-dried test tube with NaBArF (0.025 mmol, 10 mol%) , and then the residue was filter by toluene (3*0.2 mL) . Next, 1-octene (0.1 mmol, 40 mol%) was added, and the mixture was stirred at r.t. for 1 h generate the catalyst.
[0067] General Procedure for the asymmetrically substituted bicyclic compounds synthesis: The compound of formular (I) and (II) (0.25 mmol, 100 mol%and 0.375 mmol, 150 mol%) in 1 mL toluene were added to the [ (NHC) Ni (allyl) ] BArF catalyst mixture at r.t.. This test tube was sealed properly and then stirred for 12 h at r.t.. Then the mixture was added a spatula of K2CO3 (s) , diluted with n-hexane (2 mL) and was allowed to stir 1 h in open air at r.t.. The mixture was then filtered through a short plug of silica gel and rinsed with 50%ethyl acetate / hexane (50 mL) . The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and purification via flash chromatography on silica gel and afforded the product.
[0068] Following the above general procedures, the following compounds are synthesized from the corresponding starting materials and the characterization data thereof are provided.
[0069] Examples of alkene donor effect on regioselectivity C-C bond formation (for illustration purpose only, unoptimized) :
[0070] Example 1
[0071] (purified by 1: 20 EA / Hex, Rf = 0.27 in 1: 10 EA / Hex)
[0072] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.84 (dd, J = 5.4, 3.0 Hz, 2H) , 7.72 (dt, J = 5.5, 2.3 Hz, 2H) , 6.59 (d, J = 14.7 Hz, 1H) , 6.55 –6.47 (m, 1H) , 3.69 (s, 3H) , 2.84 –2.74 (m, 1H) , 2.61 (s, 1H) , 2.38 –2.28 (m, 1H) , 2.20 (s, 1H) , 1.80 –1.72 (m, 2H) , 1.71 –1.65 (m, 1H) , 1.65 –1.59 (m, 1H) , 1.38 (dd, J = 10.0, 2.2 Hz, 1H) , 1.36 –1.28 (m, 1H) ; 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.4, 166.8, 134.4, 131.9, 127.2, 123.6, 116.5, 51.7, 45.3, 43.5, 43.4, 40.9, 37.8, 33.5, 32.3.
[0073] HRMS–ESI (m / z) : [M+H] + calcd for C19H19NO4+: 326.1387; found 326.1376.
[0074] Example 2
[0075] (purified by 1: 10 EA / Hex, Rf = 0.15 in 1: 10 EA / Hex)
[0076] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.87 (ddd, J = 8.6, 5.4, 3.1 Hz, 2H) , 7.78 –7.69 (m, 2H) , 5.93 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.9 Hz, 1H) , 5.64 (td, J = 10.7, 10.2, 8.3 Hz, 1H) , 3.50 (s, 3H) , 2.74 (dt, J = 11.4, 4.9 Hz, 1H) , 2.50 (d, J = 4.2 Hz, 1H) , 2.41 (td, J = 9.1, 4.3 Hz, 1H) , 2.36-2.23 (m, 1H) , 1.71-1.52 (m, 4H) , 1.40-1.29 (m, 2H) ; 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.0, 167.0, 138.5, 134.3, 132.2, 123.6, 114.8, 51.5, 46.4, 46.0, 38.0, 37.9, 37.4, 35.1, 31.4.
[0077] HRMS–ESI (m / z) : [M+H] + calcd for C19H19NO4+ 326.1387; found 326.1378.
[0078] Example 3
[0079] (purified by 1: 10 EA / Hex, Rf = 0.15 in 1: 10 EA / Hex)
[0080] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.87 (ddd, J = 8.6, 5.4, 3.1 Hz, 2H) , 7.78 –7.69 (m, 2H) , 5.93 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.9 Hz, 1H) , 5.64 (td, J = 10.7, 10.2, 8.3 Hz, 1H) , 3.62 (s, 3H) , 2.74 (dt, J = 11.4, 4.9 Hz, 1H) , 2.57 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H) , 2.36-2.23 (m, 2H) , 1.79-1.52 (m, 3H) , 1.40-1.24 (m, 2H) ; 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.3, 167.3, 138.0, 134.3, 132.2, 123.8, 114.3, 51.7, 45.3, 43.3, 40.7, 40.3, 37.8, 33.4, 32.2.
[0081] HRMS–ESI (m / z) : [M+H] + calcd for C19H19NO4+ 326.1387; found 326.1378.
[0082] Example 4
[0083] (purified by 1: 20 EA / Hex, Rf = 0.21 in 1: 10 EA / Hex)
[0084] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.73 –7.57 (m, 2H) , 7.32 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 5.52 –5.41 (m, 1H) , 5.23 (dtd, J = 15.0, 6.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.67 (s, 3H) , 3.56 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H) , 2.83 –2.69 (m, 1H) , 2.63 (s, 3H) , 2.54 (d, J = 4.3 Hz, 1H) , 2.43 (s, 3H) , 2.18 (td, J = 8.4, 5.6 Hz, 1H) , 2.09 –2.01 (m, 1H) , 1.75 –1.64 (m, 2H) , 1.58-1.49 (m, 1H) , 1.45 –1.35 (m, 1H) , 1.32 –1.26 (m, 1H) , 1.13 (dtd, J = 13.0, 4.6, 1.9 Hz, 1H) ; 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.3, 143.4, 140.7, 134.6, 129.7, 127.5, 121.9, 52.4, 51.6, 45.2, 43.7, 42.9, 40.7, 37.5, 34.0, 32.8, 32.1, 21.6.
[0085] HRMS–ESI (m / z) : [M+H] + calcd for C20H27NO4S+ 378.1734; found 378.1722.
[0086] Example 5
[0087] (purified by 1: 20 EA / Hex, Rf = 0.21 in 1: 10 EA / Hex)
[0088] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.73 –7.57 (m, 2H) , 7.32 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 5.52 –5.41 (m, 1H) , 5.23 (dtd, J = 15.0, 6.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.68 (s, 3H) , 3.56 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H) , 2.83 –2.69 (m, 1H) , 2.63 (s, 3H) , 2.43 (s, 3H) , 2.35 –2.29 (m, 1H) , 2.28 (d, J =4.5 Hz, 1H) , 2.18 (td, J = 8.4, 5.6 Hz, 1H) , 1.64 –1.57 (m, 2H, ) , 1.58-1.49 (m, 1H) , 1.45 –1.35 (m, 1H) , 1.35 –1.21 (m, 2H) .
[0089] 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.1, 143.4, 140.4, 134.6, 129.7, 127.5, 122.3, 52.4, 51.7, 46.0, 45.8, 39.1, 37.3, 37.3, 37.1, 34.1, 31.4, 21.6.
[0090] HRMS–ESI (m / z) : [M+H] + calcd for C20H27NO4S+ 378.1734; found 378.1722.
[0091] Example 6
[0092] (purified by 1: 20 EA / Hex, Rf = 0.28 in 1: 5 EA / Hex)
[0093] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.72 –7.69 (m, 2H) , 7.34 –7.26 (m, 7H) , 5.61 –5.53 (m, 2H) , 4.47 (s, 2H) , 4.19 –4.14 (m, 1H) , 3.93 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 2H) , 3.07 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 2H) , 2.42 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 3H) , 2.39 –2.33 (m, 1H) , 2.30 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H) , 2.11 –2.04 (m, 1H) , 1.38 (ddd, J = 13.0, 5.0, 2.9 Hz, 1H) , 1.33 (dd, J = 10.4, 2.3 Hz, 1H) , 0.92 (dt, J = 10.2, 2.2 Hz, 1H) ; 13C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl3) δ 143.4, 138.3, 137.0, 135.8, 129.8, 128.5, 127.9, 127.8, 127.6, 125.8, 72.4, 70.7, 60.3, 54.2, 43.3, 42.7, 39.0, 34.3, 21.7.
[0094] HRMS–ESI (m / z) : [M+H] + calcd for C23H28NO3S+ 398.1784; found 398.1779.
[0095] Example 7
[0096] (purified by 1: 20 EA / Hex, Rf = 0.31 in 1: 5 EA / Hex)
[0097] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.71 –7.68 (m, 2H) , 7.38 –7.28 (m, 7H) , 5.58 (dtd, J = 15.5, 5.7, 1.2 Hz, 1H) , 5.47 (ddt, J = 15.6, 7.3, 1.3 Hz, 1H) , 4.49 (s, 2H) , 3.98 –3.96 (m, 1H) , 3.95 (dq, J = 5.9, 1.2 Hz, 2H) , 3.10 –2.98 (m, 2H) , 2.73 (q, J = 7.4, 6.8 Hz, 1H) , 2.47 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.42 (s, 3H) , 1.68 (ddd, J = 12.9, 8.6, 2.3 Hz, 1H) , 1.42 (dtd, J = 12.9, 4.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H) , 1.33 –1.28 (m, 1H) , 0.85 (dp, J = 10.4, 2.4, 1.9 Hz, 1H) ; 13C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl3) δ 143.4, 138.3, 135.8, 135.0, 129.8, 128.5, 127.9, 127.8, 127.5, 127.0, 72.4, 70.7, 64.2, 53.8, 46.0, 37.6, 34.9, 34.1, 21.7.
[0098] HRMS–ESI (m / z) : [M+H] + calcd for C23H28NO3S+ 398.1784; found 398.1779.
[0099] From the foregoing it will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the application have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the application. Accordingly, the application is not limited except as by the appended claims.
Claims
1.A process for preparing asymmetrically substituted bicyclic compound of formula (III) or (IV) from a compound of formula (I) by pairing a compound of formula (II) with a carbene ligated transition-metal catalyst or a precursor in the presence of a hydride source, wherein,the structure of the compound of formula (II) is used as one of the factors that alter the selectivity of (III) and (IV) under a given condition;transition-metal catalyst is selected from Groups 3 to 12 on the periodic table;carbene is selected from any member of a class of molecules containing divalent carbon atom;the hydride source is a compound that generates a transition metal hydride from the corresponding transition-metal catalyst;W at 1-position, X at 2-endo position, and Y at 2-exo position are independently selected from H, substituted saturated or functionalized hydrocarbons; X and Y are not H at the same time;Z is an optionally substituted alkyl chains or heteroatom;R1, R2 and R3 on a compound of formula (II) are independently selected from the group consisting of H, halide, heteroatom, metalloids, or optionally substituted alkyls, heteosubstituted alkyls and unsaturated structures;substituents on a compound of formula (I) and (II) are optionally being connected by alkylene chains, and the carbon center on the bicyclic ring is optionally replaced by heteroatoms.2.The process of claim 1, wherein the corresponding transition-metal catalyst is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Pd, Pt, and Co.3.The process of claim 1, wherein the unsaturated structures comprise aryls, heteroaryls, alkenyls.4.The process of claim 1, wherein the carbon center on the bicyclic ring is optionally replaced by NR or O.5.The process of claim 1, wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of substituted norbornene derivatives, and their asymmetric substituted norbornene derivatives.6.The process of claim 5, wherein the substituted norbornene derivatives are endo-2-carbomethoxy-5-norbornene.7.The process of claim 1, wherein the compound of formula (II) is selected from the group consisting of enamine derivatives.8.The process of claim 1, wherein the compound of formula (II) is selected from N-Vinylphthalamide.9.The process of claim 1, wherein the transition-metal catalyst is or generated from [ (NHC) Ni (allyl) Cl] , and the hydride sourse is a 1-octene that is used to generate a Ni hydride species [ (IPr) NiH] BArF or its equivalent in situ from the corresponding [ (NHC) Ni (allyl) Cl] .10.The process of claim 1, wherein a ligand on the transition metal catalyst is selected from the group consisting of carbenes, heterocyclic carbenes, biscarbenes, bisheterocyclic carbenes, and derivatives thereof.11.The process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst bears a weakly or non-nucleophilic stabilizing ion.12.The process of claim 1, wherein the process is carried out in a solvent and the solvent is selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alicyclic hydrocarbons, halohydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, esters, ketones, nitriles and diol derivatives, and ionic liquids.13.The process of claim 12, wherein the ionic liquids comprise imidazolium salts.14.The process of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the process is carried out in a buffer.