Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields

Abstract

The present invention relates to a motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, characterised in that it comprises a rotor with loads, a container defining an isolated conservative field that is energetically preloaded with a primary energy source, said conservative field being able to interact with the loads of the rotor, and a conservative field shielding element that shields part of the trajectory of the rotor and completely or partially inhibits the interaction of the field with the loads disposed in the rotor. The rotor can define a circular motion due to the imbalance of the actions of the conservative field, causing a rotary movement of the rotor that produces a net torque until the primary energy source is depleted.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields

[0003] Technical sector

[0004] The present invention describes a motor / generator that adds advantages to the capabilities of current motors, turbines and generators (Hydraulic, Steam, Gas, Wind / Combustion, Electric...) thanks to obtaining a usable motor torque between the interaction of an energetically pre-charged rotor against a conservative field; electrostatic; gravitational; centrifugal and / or magnetic; which functions as a stator and is also energetically pre-charged.

[0005] The preload of the rotor and stator provides the primary energy source for motion. The machine will operate as long as the primary energy stored in the preload is not consumed.

[0006] This machine is a new type of motor / generator, but it can also be used as an accessory for existing motors / turbines.

[0007] It allows for increased efficiency in obtaining energy and / or useful work compared to current motors / generators, at least thanks to the compensation of internal mechanical losses and even more thanks to the existence of a usable net torque.

[0008] The machine operates independently, thanks to a primary source of energy that has been previously stored.

[0009] State of the art

[0010] In the field of energy conversion, existing systems rely on transforming stored energy into useful forms, such as mechanical work or electricity. These devices can harness various energy sources, including electrical potential, chemical energy stored in batteries or fuel tanks, hydraulic, pneumatic, or electrostatic energy, as well as combinations thereof. Literature and industrial practice reveal a wide variety of machines and methods, but all share common limitations that affect their efficiency, reliability, and durability. One of the most significant challenges in these systems is the presence of inherent energy losses during the conversion process.These losses can originate from mechanical friction, thermal dissipation, internal material resistance, fluid turbulence, or energy leakage at the sources—factors that reduce the proportion of useful energy extracted relative to the energy stored. Additionally, efficiency can be affected by the difficulty of maintaining a uniform flow or movement throughout the operating cycle, leading to variations in energy delivery and decreased performance consistency.

[0011] Another recurring problem is the mechanical and functional complexity of conversion systems. Many designs require the precise coordination of multiple moving elements, whose decoupling or misalignment can negatively impact operation. Integrating components that must interact simultaneously to generate mechanical torque or induce electrical flow carries risks of wear and increased maintenance requirements. Furthermore, managing internal forces, dynamic loads, and pressure, density, or potential gradients becomes a critical challenge for machine stability and durability.

[0012] Furthermore, the ability to maintain energy delivery over extended periods is limited by factors such as material saturation, the gradual decrease in available energy from the stored source, and inevitable dissipation into the environment. This imposes restrictions on the scale and efficiency of systems, especially when the goal is continuous and sustained use of stored energy over long periods.

[0013] In contrast to these general limitations, the present invention proposes a motor / generator based on the interaction of a rotor with a stored energy field. This allows for an efficient operating cycle throughout the load period, improving the utilization of available energy and reducing losses compared to conventional systems. Furthermore, the most basic solutions are notable for their structural and operational simplicity, which facilitates their implementation and reduces the complexity of the control mechanisms without significantly compromising the overall efficiency of the system.

[0014] Explanation of the invention The present invention describes an energy motor / generator designed to harness the energy stored in a conservative field and transform it into useful work through an ordered motion cycle, until the energy stored in said conservative field is exhausted.

[0015] Thus, the motor / generator that is the subject of the present invention essentially comprises the following elements:

[0016] • At least one rotor. The rotor is a moving element, which has a chain shape (preferably the chain forms a ring) that has a set of charges (which can be electric charges, masses, or others) arranged uniformly and that rotates in a closed loop.

[0017] • A container that delimits an isolated conservative field pre-charged with energy from a primary energy source, where said conservative field interacts with the rotor charges.

[0018] • A conservative field shielding element that shields a part of the rotor path, totally or partially inhibiting the interaction of the field with the loads arranged on the rotor.

[0019] In this way, a circular movement of the rotor is achieved thanks to the imbalance of the actions of the conservative field, breaking the symmetry, so that, until the primary energy stored in the container is consumed, a rotational movement is produced in the rotor that produces a net torque.

[0020] The operating cycle of the motor / generator consists of a four-phase cycle that determines the rotational path of the mechanism:

[0021] The machine consists of four phases that determine the rotational trajectory of the mechanism:

[0022] 1.-Exit, (the rotor leaves the shielded section).

[0023] 2. -Drop, (the rotor moves activated by the conservative field).

[0024] 3. -Immersion, (the rotor enters the shielded section).

[0025] 4. -Ascent, (the rotor moves through the shielded section without interacting with the field). These four phases are repeated cyclically within a system that acts driven by the interactions caused by the conservative field delimited by the container, until the primary energy stored in the container is exhausted.

[0026] Although the invention is capable of functioning based on the interaction of a charged ring with charges that interact with any type of conservative field that can be canceled by means of a shielding element, throughout this document different embodiment options will be described that exemplify the proposed motor / generator based on the interaction of a rotor with an electrostatic field, a hydrostatic field, and a combination thereof.

[0027] When the conservative field is an electrostatic field (electrostatic device), the container is a capacitor (preferably vacuum-insulated), where the primary energy source is the charge on the capacitor plates. This creates an isolated, conservative electrostatic field between the plates, which interacts with a set of isolated electrostatic charges anchored in a uniform distribution on the rotor. The rotor is located between the capacitor plates. The rotor rotates about at least one axis designed between the plates of the isolated capacitor.

[0028] In the electrostatic field, part of the rotor's path is shielded with a Faraday cage; where the interactions of the electrostatic field generated by the capacitor on the rotor are totally or partially compensated, thanks to the interactions of the microcapacitors constituted by the redistribution of charges on the surface of the shielding that constitutes the Faraday cage.

[0029] When the conservative field is a hydrostatic field (hydrostatic device), the container is a tank filled with a Newtonian fluid, resulting in an isolated conservative hydrostatic field between the surface and the bottom of the tank. This field interacts with a set of isolated apparent masses anchored to the rotor and uniformly distributed along its length. The rotor rotates about at least one axis designed between the surface and the bottom of the Newtonian fluid in the isolated tank.

[0030] In the hydrostatic field, part of the rotor's path is shielded with a mechanism we call a "pressure shield"; where the interactions of the hydrostatic field on the rotor are partially compensated thanks to the containment of vertical hydrostatic pressures by the redistribution of fluid volumes on the surface of the shield that constitutes the "pressure shield".

[0031] Motor / generator based on the interaction of a rotor with an electrostatic field (electrostatic device)

[0032] As previously mentioned, according to one option, the device is based on the uniform electric field generated between the capacitor plates (container of the conservative field), within which the active elements of the machine are located, allowing an operating regime to be established as long as the capacitor charge is maintained.

[0033] Inside this field is a ring made of insulating material that carries a set of electrical charges distributed uniformly around its perimeter. This ring is designed to rotate around an axis parallel to the plates, always maintaining an equidistant position that ensures a symmetrical interaction with the electrostatic gradient generated by the capacitor.

[0034] To maintain the ring's path along a stable trajectory, a raceway guides its circular motion. This raceway prevents deviations, maintains the mechanical equilibrium of the assembly, and is constructed so as not to significantly interfere with the electrostatic field, allowing the ring's charges to be directly exposed to the electrostatic potential. Optionally, the raceway is a hollow tube within which the ring moves, constructed of an insulating material (e.g., Teflon), and optionally, the hollow tube has a grid-like shape so that the dielectric material does not diminish the electric field acting on the ring's charge.

[0035] Part of the ring's path is covered by a Faraday cage that partially shields the trajectory, which includes an entrance and an exit for the ring.

[0036] According to one embodiment, the cage has an enveloping geometry that follows the curvature of the ring, with a circular inlet and outlet, such that the shielding precisely covers a portion of its path, its generating axis coinciding with the ring's axis of rotation. The shielded section extends along 180 degrees of the ring, thus creating a half of the path where the charges are isolated from the electrostatic field and another half where they fully interact with it. Considering the capacitor viewed in front section, with the upper and lower plates positioned respectively at the top and bottom, and the ring represented as a circle centered between them, the Faraday cage coaxially covers one of the half-planes defined by a line passing through the ring's axis of rotation perpendicular to the electric field.This arrangement ensures that half of the path is isolated from the electrostatic gradient while the opposite half remains fully exposed. This arrangement establishes a clear alternation between the active and passive phases of the cycle, ensuring that the difference in forces between the two sections can be converted into usable torque.

[0037] In other embodiments within the scope of the present invention, the Faraday cage may cover a portion of the ring greater or less than the 180° described in the preceding paragraph, depending on the design specifications, always leaving a portion of the ring exposed to the electrostatic field generated by the capacitor. Also, in other embodiments, the Faraday cage may have geometries other than those described and may not cover the ring coaxially. For example, the Faraday cage may have a semicircular or other shape.

[0038] In addition, different configurations can be set up for the Faraday cage:

[0039] Faraday cage connected to ground. With this configuration, the effectiveness of the cage in blocking the external electrostatic field increases significantly.

[0040] Precharged Faraday cage. When the cage is uniformly charged, you can create a static electric field inside the cage, which can affect the forces acting on the ring and improve the generator's efficiency.

[0041] Sectioned Faraday Cage: The Faraday cage can be divided into several juxtaposed sections, where each of these sections can be independently unconnected, grounded, or pre-charged, depending on the design parameters. The operation of the motor / generator is based on a repetitive cycle of four main phases that occur successively as long as there is a charge in the capacitor:

[0042] • Exit: the ring leaves the shielded area and its charges are fully exposed to the electrostatic field.

[0043] • Fall: the direct interaction with the potential difference generates the main force that drives the rotation.

[0044] • Immersion: the ring penetrates the area protected by the Faraday cage and the forces are redistributed, reducing the opposition to movement.

[0045] • Ascent: the loads travel through the shielded interior completing the cycle and returning to the starting point under conditions that allow the process to be repeated.

[0046] Preferably, the assembly is housed in a controlled vacuum environment. Vacuum operation minimizes surface discharge losses in the capacitor, stabilizes the electrostatic field, and allows the stored charge to be retained for a longer period. This condition also facilitates the ring's rotation cycle, allowing it to proceed without interference from the surrounding environment, thus improving the overall efficiency of the system. Furthermore, the absence of air or gases simplifies the integration of magnetic couplings for transmitting mechanical power to the outside without compromising the chamber's seal.

[0047] From this basic configuration, energy can be extracted by harnessing the induced magnetic field. The movement of charges along the path generates a charge circulation that produces an ordered magnetic flux around the ring. This field can be captured by coils or inductive elements arranged around the path, converting the stored electrostatic energy into electrical current without any mechanical contact or interruption of the capacitor chamber.

[0048] Alternatively, another option is to directly extract the mechanical torque generated by the ring's rotation. This can be achieved by incorporating a gear located outside the Faraday cage's shielding zone, which meshes with the ring itself. This meshing can be achieved, without limitation, by means of a toothed ring integrated into the ring's outer edge, by a geometric profile compatible with the gear teeth, or, in simpler configurations, by an optimized friction contact that transmits the torque without excessive slippage. The gear then transmits the torque to a shaft that can be connected to a mechanical load or a conventional electric generator to transform the rotation into usable energy.

[0049] When the machine operates in a vacuum environment, the shaft gear can be coupled to a second, opposing shaft located outside the sealed chamber. This second shaft transmits torque to the outside without direct contact or breaking the insulation, using a magnetic gear. This variant maintains the advantages of a vacuum, reducing capacitor discharge losses, while simultaneously extracting the generated mechanical energy efficiently.

[0050] It should be noted that the energy extraction methods described for the basic configuration should not be considered limiting. The ring's arrangement and its interaction with the electrostatic field allow for the integration of other conversion systems, both electrical and mechanical, that utilize the torque, the induced magnetic field, or the potential variation through alternative configurations. This principle of flexibility extends equally to all the embodiments presented throughout this document, allowing design variations to combine or replace the aforementioned methods as long as they maintain the objective of converting the stored electrostatic energy into useful work while the capacitor charge persists.

[0051] Starting from the basic configuration, the system can be expanded by arranging several rings on the same axis to form columns. Each column acts as a set of vertically stacked rings that share a common axis of rotation and reproduce the operating cycle in a synchronized manner, constituting a solenoid of electrostatic charges.

[0052] Preferably, the rings are connected to each other by one or more mechanical elements that guarantee the synchronization of the movement between the rings that form the column, although this condition of joining the rings is not indispensable to form the column.

[0053] Preferably, the rings are joined together by a vertical busbar that ensures uniform mechanical transmission throughout the entire structure, maintaining precise alignment of each level within the electrostatic field generated between the capacitor plates. However, other joining mechanisms can be used, such as external gears on the part not covered by the cage, or any other suitable mechanism.

[0054] Optionally, the Faraday cage in the column configuration adopts an enveloping shape that follows the geometry of the rings' path along the entire height of the structure. It maintains the tubular character of the basic configuration but extends vertically to simultaneously cover all levels of the column. The cage therefore comprises an entrance and an exit in the form of longitudinal openings aligned with the axis of the busbar that connects the rings, allowing the passage of this mechanical element and enabling the column to rotate together. As a result of this construction, partial shielding is maintained continuously in each ring (covering 180 degrees of its circular path or another angle), so that the alternation between the protected zone and the zone exposed to the electrostatic field that defines the operating cycle is reproduced along the entire height of the column.

[0055] However, the configuration described in the previous paragraph of the Faraday cage for a column is not limiting, and other configurations could be established such as individual cages (in the case that there are no joining elements between the rings, or that there are other joining elements) or other types.

[0056] In this case, the rings can be guided within the column using a raceway arranged at two points: a U-shaped section at the base and another at the top. This design provides axial support and guidance to the entire structure without requiring a full enclosure, maintaining a stable axis of rotation and allowing all rings to rotate synchronously. Constructed from insulating material, these raceways do not interfere with the electric field generated between the capacitor plates and ensure uniform charge interaction across all levels.

[0057] As in the basic configuration, energy can optionally be extracted from the induced magnetic field. The simultaneous movement of all the charges in the column generates a more intense and ordered magnetic flux than that of a single ring, allowing pickup coils to be placed around the column's path, within the capacitor's field region, and efficiently generating electrical current by induction without mechanical contact.

[0058] The combined mechanical torque of all the rings can also be utilized independently. For this purpose, the vertical shaft can be integrated with a ring gear or coupling profile that meshes with a bevel gear located outside the shielded area. This gear captures the combined motion of the column and transmits it to an output shaft. In configurations operating under no-load conditions, the transmission can be achieved via external magnetic coupling, maintaining the chamber seal while extracting mechanical energy in a controlled manner.

[0059] Several columns can be arranged together to form cells. Each cell groups a specific number of columns arranged in a coordinated manner within the space defined by the capacitor plates, so that all are immersed in the region of uniform electrostatic field. The spatial arrangement of the columns within the cell is designed so that their operating cycles remain synchronized, allowing the forces generated in each column to complement each other and the induced fields to be distributed in an orderly fashion to maximize their utilization.

[0060] Based on this arrangement of columns in cells, the system allows for more complex configurations that enable the machine to be adapted to different energy generation and utilization needs. These variations include cell combinations, facing arrangements, and coupling schemes designed to optimize both the utilization of induced magnetic fields and the extraction of mechanical torque. As an example, some of these advanced configurations will be described in the section on preferred embodiments of the invention, where specific arrangements and structural variations based on the general principle set forth herein are detailed.

[0061] Motor / generator based on the interaction of a rotor with a hydrostatic field (hydraulic device)

[0062] As previously mentioned, according to one option, the device is based on the hydrostatic field generated in a sealed tank (container of the conservative field). This tank is defined, but not limited to, by two levels of Newtonian fluid that determine the surface area and depth of the liquid held by the tank walls. The tank is filled with Newtonian fluid until it reaches the indicated level. Preferably, the Newtonian fluid is ambient water (H₂O), although other fluids can be used. The primary energy input is, therefore, the fluid level in the tank, and the motor / generator can operate until the fluid in the tank is depleted.

[0063] The tank comprises two parts, a sinking zone, in which the rotor sinks into the fluid of the tank, and an ascending zone, in which the shielding element is located, and in which the rotor ascends through the tank.

[0064] In this case the rotor is formed by a rigid ring that rotates around an axis or an articulated chain with (n) links with specific volumes and mass that rotates around one or more axes.

[0065] The shielding element consists of a "pressure shield" made up of a rigid solid anchored to the tank around which the rotor (its upper portion) moves during the upward stroke. The pressure shield comprises a set of elements that can slide horizontally within the tank as the rotor moves upward. It has two lateral faces that slide along the tank walls, with no fluid between these elements and the tank; one face in direct contact with the rotor, again without fluid between these elements and the rotor; and one face in contact with the fluid in the tank. In this way, the upper part of the chain is not subjected to direct fluid pressure during the upward stroke. However, since the shield transmits the horizontal fluid pressure to the chain, this pressure is balanced by the horizontal hydrostatic pressure exerted by the fluid on the other side of the chain.On the other hand, the lower part of the chain during the ascent section does suffer the hydrostatic thrust of the fluid in the tank, thus generating an imbalance between the thrust in the ascending zone and the thrust in the sinking zone, and therefore causing a torque on the rotor.

[0066] The motor / generator also includes guidance elements to prevent hydrostatic forces from knocking it off its path.

[0067] Energy extraction can be achieved using any known means in the prior art, such as magnetic or mechanical elements, by harnessing the rotor's torque. One option is to directly extract the mechanical torque generated by the rotor's rotation. This can be accomplished by incorporating a gear located outside the tank that meshes with the rotor. This meshing can be achieved, without limitation, by means of a toothed ring integrated into the rotor's outer edge, by a geometric profile compatible with the gear teeth, or, in simpler configurations, by an optimized friction contact that transmits torque without excessive slippage. The gear then transmits the torque to a shaft that can be connected to a mechanical load or a conventional electric generator to transform the rotation into usable energy.

[0068] Brief description of the drawings

[0069] To complement the description being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, a set of figures is included as an integral part of said description, in which, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:

[0070] Figure 1 shows a view of a basic embodiment of an electrostatic device, according to an embodiment option of the present invention.

[0071] Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a basic embodiment of an electrostatic device, with a layered design of the Faraday cage, according to an embodiment option of the present invention.

[0072] Figures 3 and 4 show sections 1 and 2 respectively of the embodiment shown in Figure 2.

[0073] Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a basic embodiment of an electrostatic device, with a layered design of the Faraday cage showing compensation for the Faraday bucket effect by means of three rings, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] Figures 5.1 to 5.3 show the movement of the three rings that compensate for the Faraday cage effect, according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a basic embodiment of an electrostatic device, with a Faraday cage design in the shape of a “D”, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0075] Figure 7 shows a perspective view of an electrostatic device that forms a solenoid, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0076] Figure 8 shows an electrostatic device forming a cell, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0077] Figure 9 shows a detail of the realization shown in Figure 8.

[0078] Figure 10 shows a perspective view of an electrostatic device formed by two facing cells, in which the action of the magnetic fields is observed, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0079] Figure 11 shows a perspective view of an electrostatic device formed by two facing cells, in which the arrangement of direct current Faraday motors without commutators can be observed, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0080] Figure 12 shows a perspective view of the commutatorless DC Faraday motor, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0081] Figure 13 shows a view of the Faraday motor's utilization of opposing magnetic fields generated by the confrontation of two cells, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0082] Figures 14 and 15 show two views (perspective and front respectively) of the arrangement of Faraday motors with respect to one of the rows of a cell, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0083] Figure 16 shows a schematic of the position of the two facing cells and the Faraday motors in the middle of them in which the cells have been deployed to both sides, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0084] Figure 17 shows a view similar to that in Figure 16, in which the magnetic fields distorted by the collision are visible. Figure 18 shows the torque produced in the commutatorless DC Faraday motor, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0085] Figure 19 shows a perspective view of the commutatorless DC Faraday motor different from that in Figure 12, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0086] Figures 20 and 21 show two front and perspective views respectively of a hydraulic device, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0087] Figure 22 shows a cross-section of a hydraulic device, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0088] Figures 23 to 27 show respectively the distribution of horizontal pressures on the descending and ascending sections, and the vertical pressures on the lower part of the outside of the chain, on the lower part of the inside of the chain, and on the upper part of the outside of the chain.

[0089] Figure 28 shows the decomposition of vertical pressures (thrusts and weights) on the chain without the pressure shield.

[0090] Figure 29 shows the decomposition of the vertical pressures (thrusts and weights) on the chain (14) with the pressure shield (15).

[0091] Figure 30 shows a front view of a centrifugal device, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0092] Figure 30 shows a perspective view of a centrifugal device, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0093] Description of the preferred embodiments of the invention

[0094] In view of the aforementioned figures, and in accordance with the numbering adopted, different embodiments of the invention can be observed, comprising the parts and elements indicated and described in detail below. According to a basic configuration of the first embodiment of the invention, in which the motor / generator operates by interaction with an electrostatic field, as shown in Figure 1, the motor-generator comprises the following elements:

[0095] • Electrostatic capacitor: For this model, it consists of two flat, parallel copper plates, 0.200m high by 0.200m wide, separated by 0.300m; one plate (P) with a positive electrostatic charge Q+; the other plate (N) with a negative electrostatic charge Q-; both plates are electrically isolated by vacuum individually.

[0096] • A rigid ring (1 ) with (n) isolated charges: The ring (1 ) is sufficiently rigid so as not to deform; the ring is made of an insulating material such as Teflon; the ring rotates about its axis; the axis of rotation of the ring is parallel to the capacitor plates and equidistant between the walls of the plates; the surface enclosing the ring is perpendicular to the capacitor plates and parallel to the direction of the electrostatic field lines of the capacitor; the radius of the ring is 0.1 OOm; attached to it are n copper spheres (2) of radius 0.020m; the copper spheres are n = 20; the copper spheres are equidistant; each sphere has an electrostatic charge of value (q+); the spheres are individually insulated by a vacuum and rigidly anchored to the ring.

[0097] • A Faraday Cage (3): Consisting of a hollow, tubular sheet of conductive material such as copper, 0.002 m thick; the internal cavity is 0.040 m; the generating axis of the Faraday Cage coincides with the generating axis of the ring (1); individually insulated by a vacuum; it constitutes a hollow half-wheel which, like a coaxial cable, shields the ring (1) of charges by 180 degrees; the ring of electrostatic charges circulates inside it during its circular movement, like a tunnel; the Faraday Cage (3) is fixed and rigid. In this case, the entrance of the Faraday Cage is located at the point closest to the plate (N) and the exit at the point closest to the plate (P).In this case, the Faraday cage is individually isolated by a vacuum, with a negative electrostatic precharge of (n / 2)*(q-) = 10(q-) to neutralize the charge induced on its outer surface by the Faraday cage effect, resulting from the circulation of the charged ring inside. A track: To prevent electrostatic forces from knocking the ring off its path, it travels inside a hollow tube that covers a portion of its path within the Faraday cage. This tube is rigid enough to avoid deformation and is made of an insulating material such as Teflon. It is rigidly attached to the Faraday cage and has a grid-like shape so that the dielectric material (Teflon) does not diminish the electric field acting on the ring's charge. The sole function of this circular, tubular grid is to allow the ring to slide along its path and remain on course.

[0098] As shown in Figure 2, the Faraday cage (3) is composed of several concentric layers. The figure shows a Faraday cage (3) formed by 5 concentric layers to ensure shielding against imperfections and wear. Furthermore, loops (30) are incorporated at the inlet and outlet of the Faraday cage (3). These open geometries dampen the point effect, in which electrostatic charges accumulate at the inlet and outlet of the Faraday cage (3). In this way, the charge entering or leaving the ring (1) interacts in a more dampened manner with these accumulated charges.

[0099] Figures 3 and 4 show sections 1 and 2 of figure 2, in which section 1 corresponds to a section of an intermediate part of the Faraday cage (3) with the ring (1) of loads (2), while section 2 corresponds to the entrance or exit section of the Faraday cage (3), where the loops (30) are located.

[0100] As can be seen, to form the different layers, a set of plastic tubes (31) are established (in this embodiment, since the cage is tubular, they are tubes, but in another embodiment with any other geometry, they could be called plastic layers). Inside these tubes, there is a copper layer (32) wrapped in insulating tape (33), and outside of these, there is another copper layer (32) wrapped in insulating tape. The insulating tape around each copper layer is to prevent discharges between the different copper layers that form the Faraday cage (3). The first plastic tube that surrounds the ring does not contain any copper layer inside, in order to insulate the ring (1).

[0101] Figure 5 illustrates the Faraday cage effect, in which the internal electrostatic charges (2) of the ring (1) induce an equivalent charge on the outer surface of the Faraday cage. This induced charge is distributed across the outer surface. Figure 5.1 shows a way to minimize this induced charge by using three rings (1) of charges (2) stacked vertically. The central ring (100) has unit charges (200), and the upper (101) and lower (102) rings have charges (201, 202) that are half the unit charges (200) of the central ring (100) but opposite in magnitude. The charges (201, 202) of the outer rings (101, 102) are staggered with respect to the charges (200) of the central ring (100). Figures 5.2 and 5.Figures 3 show how the movement of the central ring (100) is opposite to that of the upper (101) and lower (102) rings, but together they always cancel the load inside the Faraday cage (3), which cancels or minimizes the Faraday bucket effect.

[0102] Figure 6 shows an alternative embodiment, in which the Faraday cage (3) does not have an enveloping geometry, but rather a “D” shaped geometry that occupies approximately half of the surface enclosed by the ring.

[0103] From this basic configuration, a torque is obtained that can be used in any of the ways mentioned above (for example, by using the generated magnetic field or by meshing the ring with a means of transmitting motion).

[0104] Below is an analysis of the motor / generator shown in Figure 1:

[0105] We used a section of capacitor plates (P) and (N) 0.020m wide by 0.020m high and studied the ring that is centered inside that analysis area.

[0106] The ring of electrostatic charges is located between the capacitor plates and its axis of rotation is parallel to the plates; it coincides with the axis of the ring (1) and is equidistant between the plates (P) and (N).

[0107] The capacitor field (E) is constant and uniform; we establish the design conditions by which the charge contained in that study area is such that Q+ = -(Q-) = 100*(q+(¡)) and we establish the condition that the electrostatic interaction between the plates and each charge of the inner ring is such that F(q +(¡)) = 10 N.

[0108] From this we obtain that:

[0109] Q+ = 23 pC Q- = -23 pC q+(¡) = 0.23 pC

[0110] Fq+(¡) = 10 N (in section 2 (fall) )

[0111] Fq+(¡) = 10 N (in section 4 (ascent) )

[0112] The torque of the ascending section compensates for the torque of the descending section; but by placing the Faraday cage (3) in the ascending section, we shield the loads (2) of the ring (1) and obtain that:

[0113] In the Faraday cage (3), the free electrons of the copper conductor arrange themselves in such a way that they distribute themselves across the surface until they exactly cancel out, inside the Faraday cage, the external electrostatic field produced by the capacitor. This must be the case because the moment an imbalance exists, that same imbalance will produce a displacement of charges (2) until electrostatic equilibrium is reached between both fields, achieving perfect opposition.

[0114] At the same time, due to the Faraday cage effect, the internal charge of the cage induces on the outer surface of the cage a charge equal to the internal charge distributed over the outer surface, in this case 10(q+); but since the cage is pre-charged with 10(q-) both charges compensate each other.

[0115] The arrangement of charges (2) equidistant from the ring (1); and since the Faraday cage (3) shields half of the ring, it means that inside there is always an equivalent charge of 10(q+).

[0116] The shielding of the Faraday cage compensates for the Fq+(¡) = 10 N of the section that opposes the movement.

[0117] Therefore, we only need to evaluate the effect of the Fq+(¡) = 10 N acting on each of the isolated electrostatic charges on the section outside the Faraday cage (3), which generate movement in the same way as a hydraulic turbine driven by the thrust of a flow on half of its blades. In this case, it is the electrostatic field on half of the charges (2) of the ring (1). Certainly, the charge distribution on the outer surface of the Faraday cage (3) not only affects the internal charges but also the external charges; and it affects them, primarily, in the opposite direction to the movement. After performing a rigorous, and pessimistic, analysis of the effect of the inlet / outlet openings, as well as the set of loads on the outer surface of the cage, we obtain the result (for this model) of a net hourly torque, in favor of movement, of 4,212 Nm, with the Faraday cage producing approximate losses of 33%.

[0118] Similar to a hydraulic turbine, the effect is uniformly accelerated circular motion, which will reach a limiting speed where the opposing forces caused by losses equal the engine torque. The design will focus on adjusting these losses and the useful work output to achieve a speed of 3000 rpm, which we consider adequate to maintain the strength of the materials.

[0119] As shown in Figure 7, the rings of electrostatic charges, described above, can be stacked vertically (in a column) with a vertical separation, optionally between 0.01 m and 0.040 m between their centers, forming a solenoid. All the “rings” of the “solenoid” share the same vertical axis of rotation, with the solenoid located between two plates (P) and (N) of a capacitor.

[0120] This is how electrostatic charge solenoids are formed. For the design example shown in the figures, we have separated them by 0.040 m. All the solenoid's "turns / rings" are joined by a busbar (4) and all rotate together in the same direction. Therefore, each solenoid column consists of 24 turns.

[0121] To facilitate the passage of the set of rings with charges (coils) that form a solenoid; the Faraday cage (3) being formed by an upper and a lower vault joined by two vertical walls in the shape of an arch and with the height of the solenoid. These two walls are closed at the base and at the top by the lower and upper vaults.

[0122] The rigid structure of each ring will be joined to that of the one immediately above and below it by a vertical rod (4), also made of Teflon, which passes through the rings and joins them vertically in a “hamster cage” manner. The raceway, defined for a single ring, no longer needs to be a closed tube; it is sufficient to form a “U” at the base and an inverted “U” at the top to provide stability to the solenoid's rotation.

[0123] The extraction of the mechanical torque, according to the described embodiment and without limitation, is carried out through one or more gears (5) coupled to a shaft (6) parallel to the longitudinal axis of the solenoid and external to it. Each of these gears (5) meshes with the rod (4) that joins the different rings.

[0124] The shaft (6) can be coupled to another perpendicular shaft (7) comprising a gear (8) that meshes with a bevel gear at the top of the shaft (6) (for example, in the case of a set of consecutive solenoids, or the torque of said shaft (6) can be used directly). In the case of the assembly being unloaded, either of the shafts (6) or (7) can be coupled to an external shaft via a magnetic gear.

[0125] In addition, the magnetic field generated by the solenoid can also be harnessed.

[0126] From here, more complex configurations can be established, which we describe below.

[0127] As shown in Figure 8 (and in Figure 9 a detail of the first with the first solenoid of each row), the columns of rings, which make up solenoids, are replicated, as an example, with a separation between solenoid axes of 0.250m forming a row of 4 solenoids per meter; the four rows of solenoids are replicated 4 times in depth occupying the interior of a volume of 1 m3.

[0128] It can also be observed that different configurations of gears (8) and shafts (7) can be established, which can be coupled to the different shafts (6) arranged around the solenoids. Thus, the shaft (6) next to each solenoid is coupled to the shaft (7) that is common to a set of solenoids (these can be those in the same row or solenoids in different rows), and the set of shafts (7) can in turn be coupled to a single common shaft for delivering the generated mechanical torque, or they can deliver the torque separately. The capacitor plates (PN) form walls, 1 m wide by 1 m high, separated by 0.300 m. Between these walls are located 4 columns of solenoids.

[0129] The rotation of all the coils in each solenoid is the same. The rotation of the 4 solenoids that form a row (row 1) is the same; so the induced magnetic field has the same direction, sense and magnitude in that row.

[0130] The rotation of the next row (row 2) is the opposite of that of row 1. This is achieved by reversing the polarity of the capacitor walls between which the ring is located (if row 1 is between a (PN) capacitor; row 2 is between an (N-P) capacitor).

[0131] This ensures that the magnetic fields induced between one row and the other have the same direction and magnitude, but opposite sense.

[0132] As shown in Figure 10, the solenoid “cells” are stacked on top of each other, separated by a distance of 0.300 m. They are arranged so that the magnetic fields induced in the upper part of the lower cell oppose the magnetic fields induced in the lower part of the upper cell, as shown in the figure.

[0133] The opposition of the fields in the upper cell is achieved by replicating all the elements of the lower cell, but reversing the electrostatic charges of the rings. If the rings of the lower cell are charged with (n) charges (q(+)); those of the upper cell are charged with (n) charges (q(-)) and vice versa.

[0134] When the upper faces of the lower cells are brought against the lower faces of the upper cells, the induced magnetic fields (PP) (NN) are brought together.

[0135] The lines of force of the opposing (conservative) magnetic fields deform and escape from the axis where they meet outwards.

[0136] This opposition of magnetic fields in the separation space between cells (0.300 m) is used to enable a commutator-free direct current Faraday motor, as shown in Figure 11.

[0137] Figure 12 (and another perspective in Figure 19) shows an example of a commutator-less DC Faraday motor (9). This motor comprises a motor shaft (10) which, when placed between two cells as described above, is located on the axis of confrontation between the fields, where the lines of force are deformed to "escape" perpendicularly from the initial field direction.

[0138] The motor (9) further comprises a rotor formed by pairs of coils identical to those described in Figure 1. These are coils of electrostatic charges rotating inside a capacitor; thanks to the asymmetry generated by a Faraday cage inside.

[0139] These coils are smaller so that the rotor fits within the 0.300 m separation between cells (which is the space where the fields face each other).

[0140] One complete loop is located on one side of the axis, and another symmetrical loop is located on the other side. As a consequence of the opposite direction of the magnetic fields (B) and the displacement of the electrostatic charge of the ring at 3000 rpm crossing the magnetic field lines (B), an electromotive force appears whose magnitude, direction, and sense are identified by the cross product defined in the Lorentz law, and which determines the rotation of the motor and the torque produced.

[0141] The capacitor plates, in this case, are tubular.

[0142] The motor shaft is wrapped by a tubular sheet that is charged (Q+ when it is the P plate) (Q- when it is the N plate). In the embodiment shown, the tubular sheet corresponds to the positive (P) “plate” of the capacitor.

[0143] The exterior of the motor (the casing) is wrapped by a tubular sheet that is charged with the opposite sign to that of the shaft (in the embodiment shown it is the negative “plate” (N) of the capacitor.

[0144] Both plates are charged; they are static and isolated.

[0145] The Faraday cages (3) are linked together and rotate, driven by the winding track, around the shaft plate. The Faraday cages form the shaft which, with its rotation, transmits the torque to the outside.

[0146] Figure 13 shows a view of how the motor (9) utilizes the opposing magnetic fields generated by the interaction of two cells, as described above. Figures 14 and 15 show two views (perspective and front) of the arrangement of the motors (9) with respect to one of the rows of a cell.

[0147] Figures 16 and 17 show a schematic of the position of the two facing cells and the motors (9) between them. The cells have been extended to both sides for a better understanding of the generated magnetic fields. Figure 17 specifically shows the magnetic fields distorted by the facing configuration. Specifically, it shows the downward-pointing magnetic field (11) distorted by the facing configuration and the upward-pointing magnetic field (12) distorted by the facing configuration.

[0148] Figure 18 shows the torque produced in the commutator-less DC Faraday motor (9).

[0149] Based on the same operating principle described for all previous embodiments, which work by shielding part of the path of a ring-shaped rotor with a set of uniformly distributed charges arranged inside a conservative field contained between the plates of a capacitor; another embodiment can be established, as shown in Figures 20 and 21, which works by shielding part of the rotor path in a hydrostatic field.

[0150] The motor / generator comprises a hydrostatic reservoir (13) formed by two Newtonian fluid levels (16) that determine the surface area and depth of the liquid contained by the walls of a sealed reservoir. The surface fluid level is 0.000 m; the maximum depth level is 41.335 m; the reservoir has a diameter of 50.000 m and a width of 6.000 m. The reservoir is filled with ambient H2O.

[0151] The rotor is formed by an articulated chain (14) (although it could also be a rigid ring) composed of a succession of links that rotates around a central axis producing a closed trajectory that is submerged in the fluid (16) of the tank (13) and then emerges; the chain closes this trajectory composed of n = 20 tongue-and-groove links; n articulated cylindrical links of 5 m in diameter and 9.5 m in length are arranged, each of which occupies a volume V=746 m3 and weighs P=746.000.00 kg; the apparent mass of the link is, in this case, 1Tn / m3 Inside the tank (13) is the shielding element, which consists of a “pressure shield” (15) (which can be seen in more detail in figure 22) made up of a set of rigid solids anchored to the tank (and optionally to each other), which are anchored to the tank so that they have the ability to slide horizontally in the upward section of the rotor in the tank, having two lateral faces that move along the walls of the tank, without there being fluid between these elements and the tank, a face in direct contact with the rotor without there being fluid between these elements and the rotor, and a face in contact with the fluid (16) of the tank.Optionally, there is a sliding element between the rotor and the pressure shield, such as a conveyor belt that contacts the chain (14) during the upward stroke, although the chain can also slide directly against the surface of the shield. The joint between the chain (14) and the pressure shield (15) is preferably lubricated, forming a lubricated seal between the chain (14) and the pressure shield (15).

[0152] To prevent hydrostatic forces from displacing it from its path, the chain (14) is guided by a sliding track and guide wheels rigid enough to avoid deformation (in the case of a ring, the track is a rim centered on the ring's axis). The sliding surface is made of a slippery material such as Teflon. The track and the axles of the guide wheels are rigidly attached to the tank walls. The track has a grid-like shape so that the fluid exerts pressure on the walls of the chain links. The sole function of this grid is to allow the chain to slide along its path.

[0153] Each link of the chain is designed with a density equal to that of the fluid in the reservoir. It could also be designed with a lower density, in which case it would float, or with a higher density, in which case it would sink; however, because the chain / ring is closed (the "waterwheel"), the torque it generates between phase 2 (fall) and phase 4 (ascent) is balanced. Therefore, the chain does not produce rotational torque; if it weighs less than the fluid, it will push against the axle; if it weighs more than the fluid, it will exert a load on the axle; if it weighs the same as the fluid, it will levitate above the axle. Furthermore, the chain contributes inertia; the greater its mass, the greater the tendency to maintain momentum, and therefore, the more difficult it is to disturb the rotational speed.

[0154] Next, an analysis is made of the actions that are formed in the motor / generator of figures 20 to 22. Figures 23 to 27 show respectively the distribution of horizontal pressures in the descending section and the ascending section, and the vertical pressures on the lower part of the outside of the chain, on the lower part of the inside of the chain, and on the upper part of the outside of the chain.

[0155] On the other hand, Figure 28 shows the decomposition of the vertical pressures (thrusts and weights) on the chain (14) without the pressure shield (15), and Figure 29 shows the decomposition of the vertical pressures (thrusts and weights) on the chain (14) with the pressure shield (15).

[0156] 1. Chain weight (14): When closed, it does not produce torque. The chain is balanced. It produces a vertical reaction, opposite to the weight, on the shaft.

[0157] 2. Hydrostatic Action: Since each link occupies a space within the fluid, hydrostatic pressures generate perpendicular pressures at every point on the link's outer surface. To analyze these pressures, we consider that hydrostatic pressure is a scalar value which, acted upon by the weight of the fluid above it, interacts in all directions (it does not have the direction of a vector value). The geometry of the rigid body against which the Newtonian fluid presses, and the imperfections of that body's surface, determine that we can analyze hydrostatic pressure as this scalar value of pressure (dependent on depth) on the vertical projection of the body (horizontal pressures) and on the vertical projection of the body (vertical pressures).At this point, we have two actions that constitute orthogonal vector forces from which we can obtain the force with which hydrostatic pressure interacts against the surface of the rigid solid. At each point on the surface, we obtain the hydrostatic action of horizontal pressure (PHh) and vertical pressure (PHv). By Archimedes' theorem, we know that vertical hydrostatic pressures are equivalent to an upward thrust equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the submerged solid.

[0158] 2.A.-Horizontal action on the chain (15) without shielding:

[0159] Hydraulic pressure increases with depth, so the horizontal pressure increases in meters of water column (mwc) as we descend into the fluid. If we draw lines parallel to the fluid's surface level and extend these lines downwards in all sections of chain (14), we obtain symmetrical horizontal pressures on opposite faces of each section. These horizontal pressures compress the volume of the link, and since the solid surface supports the pressure, the horizontal forces balance each other out. At the bottom of chain (14), the horizontal pressure on the descending twist section opposes the horizontal pressure on the ascending twist section. Therefore, the horizontal pressures are balanced in chain (14).

[0160] 2. B. -Vertical action on the chain (14) without shielding:

[0161] Hydraulic pressure increases with depth, so the vertical pressure increases in meters of water column (mwc) as we descend into the fluid. If we draw lines perpendicular to the fluid's surface level and move these lines from left to right, covering the entire width of the chain (14), we observe that there is buoyancy at the bottom of the chain (this will not occur on links in a vertical position); we also observe that there is a weight load from the fluid on the top of the chain links (this will not occur on links in a vertical position); and we also observe that there is no vertical pressure on the surface of the links in a vertical position.Thus, in the horizontal sections of the chain (14), we have the downward buoyant force and the upward weight of the fluid, which together result in a vertical buoyant force equivalent, by Archimedes' principle, to the weight of the fluid displaced by the solid (this buoyant force is neutral to rotation). Therefore, in the descending section (submersion), the base of the section experiences a buoyant force equivalent to the submerged volume of the chain above (this buoyant force opposes rotation). And, in the ascending section (emergence), the base experiences a buoyant force equivalent to the submerged volume of the chain above (this buoyant force supports rotation). Therefore, the vertical pressures are also balanced in the chain (14).

[0162] 2. C. -Horizontal action on the chain (14) with shielding by means of a pressure shield (15):

[0163] If we draw the same parallel lines described in point (2.A) and focus only on the area affected by the "shield," in this non-limiting case, the "shield" is positioned in the ascending zone. We observe that the right side of the chain (14), being covered by the pressure shield (15), does not experience direct fluid pressure; however, since the right side of the shield is exposed to hydrostatic pressure, it is the "solid wall" of the "shield" that transmits the horizontal counter-pressure to the greased joint, which in turn transmits this horizontal counter-pressure to the chain, compensating for the horizontal pressure on the left. Therefore, the horizontal pressures are balanced in the chain (14) with the pressure shield (15). To facilitate the differential transmission of horizontal hydraulic pressures, we have divided the shield into six sealed blocks that slide horizontally against each other.The transmission of horizontal counterpressure, through the "shield", will never be perfect enough to compensate for the horizontal hydrostatic pressure on the left face of the chain / ring in the ascending section; since it depends on:.

[0164] 1. The viscosity of the grease in the greased joint

[0165] 2. -The thickness of the greased gasket.

[0166] 3. - Imperfections in the "shield-chain" sliding joint.

[0167] 4. -The number of blocks into which we divide the shield (more divisions, better transmission of counterpressure).

[0168] 2. D. -Vertical action on the chain (14) with shielding by means of pressure shield (15):

[0169] If we draw the same lines perpendicular to the surface described in point (2.B) and focus only on the area affected by the "shield"—in this case, not limiting, positioned in the ascent zone—we observe that, at the bottom of the ascent path, the upper section of the chain (14) is covered (embraced) by the pressure shield (15). Therefore, it does not experience direct pressure from the weight of the fluid, since above it is the "solid wall" that prevents the fluid from reaching the upper part of the chain, and the "solid wall" does not exert any pressure on the "chain." On the other hand, in the lower section of the chain, not embraced by the pressure shield (15), we still have the hydrostatic thrust. The effect is the same as if we had expanded the "chain" during the ascent; but in this case, the vertical pressures are mitigated by the use of a "shield" that absorbs the hydraulic weight on the chain.Therefore, we have greater thrust in the ascending zone (favorable to movement) than its counterpart in the sinking zone (opposite to movement).

[0170] According to our calculations, for the geometry example described in this document, the thrust in favor of rotation is 4,189.00 Kg-f (with a lever arm of 10.805 m) and the thrust against movement is 1,054 Kg-f (with a lever arm of 16.305 m).

[0171] That would leave the net torque in the order of 28.077 Kg-f*m = 275.432 N*m

[0172] Finally, as shown in Figures 30 and 31, one embodiment consists of grouping all the devices described herein into a centrifugal device comprising a centrifugal drum formed by an open cylinder (17), shaped like a washing machine drum, which determines the rotational path. Depending on the speed and radius of rotation, this path allows us to increase the "g" (force of gravity). Hydrostatic devices (20) (as described above in Figures 20 to 35) are attached to this drum and are affected by the increase in gravity. gravitational Ge = — * jIn the interior cavity of each of the centrifugal devices, Electrostatic devices (such as those described in Figures 1 to 19) are distributed that will not be affected by the “centrifuge”.

[0173] The device also comprises a centrifugal shaft consisting of a shaft (18) with spokes (19) that connect to the drum to rotate it. The spokes leave a free space in the circumference enclosed by the drum. Hydrostatic devices are also distributed within this interior space, which will not be affected by the increase in intensity. gravitational acceleration of the Ge = — * g; since they do not rotate with the “Drum”

[0174] In the interior cavity of each of the centrifugal devices, electrostatic devices are distributed (as described in figures 1 to 19) that would also not be affected by the “centrifuge”.

[0175] These devices in the free space between the spokes will support the rotation of the "centrifugal axis".

[0176] This combination of elements offers efficiency thanks to the low level of losses, due to the elements having continuously compensated interactions; and thanks to the torque obtained that is favorable to movement.

[0177] The electrostatic device will function as long as the capacitor charge (which constitutes the primary energy of the electrostatic mechanical system) is not depleted.

[0178] The hydrostatic device will function as long as the tank's load (which constitutes the primary energy of the gravitational mechanical system) is not exhausted.

[0179] The centrifugal device will function as long as the load of the devices connected to the "drum shaft" (which constitutes the primary energy of the centrifugal mechanical system) is not exhausted.

[0180] The centrifugal device will operate until all individual components are depleted. This provides the motor-generator with exceptional robustness, in addition to the aforementioned efficiency. Starting with the solenoid cells described earlier, the cells are stacked on top of and side by side, leaving a 0.300 m space between the upper and lower cells to accommodate the DC Faraday motor lines. This occupies the desired generator volume and scales the power output to the desired value.

[0181] The ease with which hydrostatic devices can be stacked to increase mechanical work capacity becomes evident. One non-limiting example is widening the tank along the axis of rotation so that if a 5 m diameter chain / ring fits with a width of 6 m, two 5 m diameter chains / rings will fit with a width of 11 m; and so on: 3 rings with 17 m; 4 rings with 23 m; 5 rings with 29 m; and so forth.

[0182] All these rings generate a row of rings that scales the power of the engine-turbine. Several rows in parallel would form a battery of hydrostatic rings.

[0183] It is also evident that, by making the tank tubular and leaving two meters of fluid around the ring, that is, making the tubular tank with a diameter of 9 m, and leaving another margin of two meters of fluid parallel to the right wall of the shield, we obtain a semicircular opening with a radius R=18 m.

[0184] In that space we can distribute 5 groups (1 for each meter of depth of the 6m of each ring of 432 electrostatic cells in each of the 5 groups.

[0185] It is a considerable number of electrostatic cells to scale the energy produced; moreover, taking this into account, it would be for each hydrostatic element of the row.

[0186] With this, and knowing the capabilities of the rings, the level of scalability is already overwhelmingly high.

[0187] In this case as well, an easy connection between the devices is evident.

[0188] From the electrostatic devices, as we have already described, a pair of magnetic gears emerges from an ultimate shaft, in order not to break the vacuum necessary for the electrostatic device to function properly.

[0189] With this external connection via magnetic gears, the shaft rotates at approximately 3000 rpm. This speed cannot be achieved in the hydrostatic device, so we must connect to the input of a reduction gear, where the output will be the shaft of the row of hydrostatic devices. In this way, we connect the shafts of the electrostatic devices to those of the hydrostatic devices.

[0190] A drum width of 11 m would fit two rows of batteries of combined hydrostatic and electrostatic devices. Depending on the radius of the "centrifuge", a greater number of rows could fit on the perimeter.

[0191] Hydrostatic and electrostatic devices can also be arranged in the space of the "centrifuge" between the "centrifuge shaft" and the inner perimeter of the "drum".

Claims

CLAIMS 1.- Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, characterized in that it comprises • At least one rotor having a closed chain shape and having a uniformly arranged set of charges; • A container that delimits an isolated conservative field pre-charged energetically with a primary energy source, where said conservative field is capable of interacting with the rotor charges; • A shielding element for the conservative field that shields a portion of the rotor's path, capable of totally or partially inhibiting the interaction of the field with the loads arranged on the rotor; where the rotor is capable of describing a circular motion thanks to the imbalance of the conservative field's actions, producing a rotational movement in the rotor that generates a net torque until the primary energy source is exhausted; where the motor / generator is capable of performing a four-phase cycle that determines the rotational path of the mechanism: 1.-Exit, (the rotor leaves the shielded section); 2. -Drop, (the rotor moves activated by the conservative field); 3. -Immersion, (the rotor enters the shielded section); 4. -Ascent, (the rotor moves through the shielded section without interacting with the field). 2.- Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to claim 1, characterized in that: • The rotor consists of at least one rigid ring (1) of an insulating material with a set of insulated electrical charges arranged uniformly along the ring; • The container of the conservative field consists of a capacitor made up of two flat plates, parallel to each other; one of the plates (P) with a positive electrostatic charge and the other plate (N) with a negative electrostatic charge; • The shielding element consists of a Faraday cage (3) arranged around a portion of the ring and comprising an inlet and an outlet for the ring (1); • A raceway capable of guiding the rotational path of the ring (1); wherein the ring (1) rotates about its axis; the axis of rotation of the ring (1) is parallel to the plates (P,N) of the capacitor and equidistant between the walls of the plates; the surface enclosing the ring (1) is perpendicular to the plates of the capacitor (P,N) and parallel to the direction of the electrostatic field lines of the capacitor; wherein the motor / generator constitutes an electrostatic device. 3.- Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to claim 2, characterized in that the Faraday cage consists of a hollow, tubular sheet of a conductive material whose generating axis coincides with the generating axis of the ring (1). 4.- Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to claim 2, characterized in that the Faraday cage (3) has a “D” shaped geometry that occupies approximately half of the surface enclosed by the ring 5.- Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to any of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the running track consists of a hollow tube of an insulating material attached to the Faraday cage (3). 6.- Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to claim 5, characterized in that the tube forming the running track has the shape of a grid. 7 Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to claim 2, characterized in that there is a set of rings (1) accumulated in height, joined by a vertical bar (4), where all the rings share the same axis of rotation; the rings forming a solenoid arranged between the two plates (P,N) of the capacitor; where all the rings have charges of the same sign and are susceptible to They rotate in the same direction due to the action of the electrostatic field generated by the (P,N) plates of the capacitor. 8 Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to claim 7, characterized in that the Faraday cage (3) is formed by an upper and a lower vault joined by two vertical walls with an arch shape and with the height of the solenoid, where the walls are closed at the base and at the top by the lower and upper vaults. 9 Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to any of claims 7 to 8, characterized in that the running track is formed by a U-shaped piece at the base attached to the Faraday cage (3) and an inverted U-shaped piece at the top attached to the Faraday cage (3). 10.- Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to any of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the capacitor is formed by two copper plates. 11.- Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to any of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the ring loads are a set of copper spheres rigidly anchored on the surface of the ring. 12.- Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to any of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that in the inlet and outlet of the Faraday cage (3) there are loops (30) established, which are open geometries that dampen the tip effect. 13.- Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to any of claims 2 to 12, characterized in that the Faraday cage is formed by a set of layers, consisting of a set of plastic layers (31) inside of which there is a copper layer (32) wrapped in insulating tape (33), and outside of which there is another copper layer (32) wrapped in insulating tape; wherein the first plastic layer that surrounds the ring does not comprise any copper layer inside, to insulate the ring (1). 14.- Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to any of claims 2 to 13, characterized in that there are three rings (1) of charges (2) superimposed in height, wherein the central ring (100) has unit charges (200), and the upper (101) and lower (102) rings have charges (201, 202) corresponding to half of said unit charges (200) of the central ring (100) and with opposite charge; wherein the charges (201, 202) of the outer rings (101, 102) are arranged in a staggered pattern with respect to the charges (200) of the central ring (100); where the movement of the central ring (100) is opposite to that of the upper (101) and lower (102) rings, but together the load inside the Faraday cage (3) is always canceled.

15. Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to any of claims 2 to 14, characterized in that there is a shaft (6) having at least one gear (5) whose axis is parallel to the axis of one of the rings (1) capable of meshing with a moving part of the mechanism, and capable of being coupled with an external shaft for the extraction of mechanical torque 16.- Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to any of claims 2 to 15, characterized in that the motor / generator is arranged in a controlled vacuum environment. 17.- Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to claim 16, characterized in that there is a magnetic gear for extracting mechanical torque to the outside of the controlled vacuum environment.

18. A motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to any of claims 7 to 15, characterized in that the columns of rings forming solenoids are replicated, forming rows of solenoids between two capacitor plates, said rows being replicated side by side and one of the capacitor plates of one row being the capacitor plate of the adjacent row, thus forming solenoid cells; wherein the rotation of all the turns of each solenoid is the same; wherein the rotation of the solenoids forming a row is the same; so that the induced magnetic field has the same direction, sense and magnitude in that row; wherein the rotation of the next row is the opposite to that of row 1; wherein the magnetic fields induced between one row and the other have the same direction and magnitude, but opposite sense. 19.- Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to claim 18, characterized in that the shaft (6) next to each solenoid is coupled to another perpendicular shaft (7) comprising a gear (8) meshing with a bevel gear on the top of the shaft (6), wherein the shaft (7) is common to a set of solenoids.

20. Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to any of claims 18 to 19, characterized in that the solenoid cells are stacked one on top of the other, such that the magnetic fields induced in the upper part of the lower cell oppose the magnetic fields induced in the lower part of the upper cell, where the lines of force of the opposing magnetic fields are deformed and escape from the axis on which they meet to the outside; where a commutator-free direct current Faraday motor (9) is arranged on the axis of opposition between the fields.

21. A motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to claim 20, characterized in that the commutatorless DC Faraday motor (9) comprises a motor shaft (10) located on the axis of confrontation between the fields; comprising a rotor formed by pairs of electrostatically charged coils rotating inside a capacitor; thanks to the asymmetry generated by a Faraday cage inside; wherein the motor shaft is wrapped by a charged tubular sheet corresponding to a capacitor plate, and the outside of the motor is wrapped by a tubular sheet charged with the opposite sign to that of the shaft; wherein the Faraday cages (3) are joined together and rotate, pushed by the track of rotation of the coils, around the plate of the shaft formed by the cages, the shaft which, with its rotation, transmits the torque to the outside;where one complete loop of each pair is on one side of the axis and another symmetrical loop is on the other side of the axis; where as a consequence of the opposite direction of the magnetic fields (B) and as a consequence of the displacement of the electrostatic charge of the ring crossing the magnetic field lines (B) an electromotive force appears whose magnitude, direction and sense are identified by the vector product defined in the Lorenz law and which determine the rotation of the motor and the torque produced.; 22.- Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to claim 1, characterized in that the motor / generator comprises a hydrostatic reservoir (13) formed by two levels of Newtonian fluid (16) that determine the surface and the depth of liquid held by the walls of a hermetically sealed tank; where inside the tank (13) is the shielding element, which consists of a “pressure shield” (15) made up of a set of rigid solids anchored to the tank (and optionally to each other), capable of sliding horizontally in the upward section of the rotor in the tank (13), having two lateral faces that move along the walls of the tank, without fluid between said elements and the tank, a face in direct contact with the rotor, and a face in contact with the fluid in the tank; where the motor / generator constitutes a hydrostatic device. 23.- Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to claim 22, characterized in that the rotor is a rigid ring. 24.- Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to claim 22, characterized in that the rotor is formed by an articulated chain (14). 25.- Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to any of claims 22 to 23, characterized in that there is a sliding element in the pressure shield that contacts the chain (14) during the ascent section. 26.- Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to any of claims 22 to 25, characterized in that the chain (14) circulates guided by sliding on a rolling track. 27.- Motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, according to any of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that grease is disposed between the chain (14) and the pressure shield (15) forming a greased joint.

28. A motor / generator based on interaction with conservative fields, characterized in that it consists of a centrifugal device comprising a centrifugal drum (17) formed by an open cylinder in the shape of a washing machine drum, where said drum is anchored to hydrostatic devices (20); where electrostatic devices are distributed in the interior cavity of each of the centrifugal devices, according to any of claims 2 to 21; where the device further comprises a centrifugal shaft formed by a shaft (18) with spokes (19) that are connected to the “drum” to enable it to do so rotate; where the spokes leave a free space in the circumference enclosed by the “drum”; where in that inner space hydrostatic devices are also distributed according to any of claims 22 to 27 which will not be affected by the increase in gravitational intensity since they do not rotate with the “drum”; where the devices in the free space between the spokes will support the rotation of the centrifugal shaft.

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