Liquid silicone composition with reduced yellowing
A novel process using a platinum (0) complex catalyst and thiuram disulfide in hydrosilylation reactions addresses the yellowing issue in liquid silicone compositions, achieving reduced color stability through a non-curable composition.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/114464
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-05
AI Technical Summary
The challenge of yellowing in liquid silicone compositions due to residual platinum catalysts, particularly after hydrosilylation reactions, is not adequately addressed by existing methods that require costly adsorbents or special preparation steps.
A process involving a hydrosilylation reaction with a platinum (0) complex catalyst, followed by the addition of a thiuram disulfide compound, to form a non-curable liquid silicone composition with reduced yellowing, achieving a Pt/Co chroma less than 50.
The process effectively reduces yellowing in liquid silicone compositions by utilizing a platinum (0) complex catalyst and thiuram disulfide, resulting in a composition with improved color stability.
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Abstract
Description
LIQUID SILICONE COMPOSITION WITH REDUCED YELLOWINGFIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a process for preparing a liquid silicone composition, particularly, a process for reducing yellowing of a liquid silicone composition.
[0002] INTRODUCTION
[0003] Preparation of liquid silicone compositions typically involves hydrosilylation reaction of starting materials polyorganohydrogensiloxanes and alkenyl-functional compounds using platinum catalysts. Among these catalysts, homogenous platinum catalysts such as platinum complexes (e.g., Karstedt's catalyst) are widely used due to their high catalytic activities for hydrosilylation reaction and easy operation. After the hydrosilylation reaction is completed, the platinum catalyst needs to be removed from the resulting crude fluid, which is particularly challenging for removal of a homogenous catalyst. Such platinum catalyst if remains as a residual component of the resulting liquid silicone compositions may cause continuous yellowing issues during long-term storage under ambient conditions. The yellowing issues will become more severe if the crude fluid needs to go through a stripping step at high temperatures (e.g., up to 150 ℃) to remove volatiles during the preparation process.
[0004] Using heterogeneous platinum catalysts to replace Karstedt's catalyst has benefits in easy removal from the crude fluid but provides lower reactivity and typically requires higher catalyst loading. Widely used approaches to improve yellowing of liquid silicone compositions are to remove platinum from the crude fluid based on adsorption / scavenging technology, e.g., by using various adsorbents, such as anion-exchange resins, cation-exchange resins, chelating resins, activated carbon, nano particles, and functionalized silica gel. Although effective, these approaches have many limitations including high cost and the need for special preparation of adsorbents.
[0005] It would advance the art to identify a way that does not require adding absorbents to remove platinum in a process for preparing a liquid silicone composition. In particular, it is desirable to identify a process for preparing a liquid silicone composition from hydrosilylation reaction, particularly when catalyzed by Karstedt's catalyst, with reduced yellowing.SUMMARY
[0006] The present invention provides a novel process for preparing a liquid silicone composition. The process is particularly useful for removing platinum (0) complex catalyst used in hydrosilylation reaction for preparing a liquid silicone composition. The process is particularly suitable for reducing yellowing in a liquid silicone composition, i.e., for preparing a liquid composition with reduced color (reduced yellowing) . “Reduced color” or “reduced yellowing” herein refers to showing a Pt / Co chroma (also known as APHA (American Public Health Association) colorimetric index) less than 50, as measured according to ASTM D1209.
[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention is a process for preparing a liquid silicone composition comprising a linear organopolysiloxane. The process comprises the steps of:
[0008] (a) combining (A) a polyorganohydrogensiloxane having an average of one or more SiH groups per molecule, (B) an alkenyl-functional compound having an average of one or more alkenyl groups, and (C) a platinum (0) complex catalyst together to form a reaction mixture; provided that, if the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) contains more than one SiH group, the alkenyl-functional compound (B) contains one alkenyl group;
[0009] wherein the alkenyl-functional compound (B) is selected from (B1) an alpha-olefin, (B2) an allyl-terminated polyether, (B3) a linear alkenyl-functional polydiorganosiloxane, (B4) an alkenyl silane, or mixtures thereof; and
[0010] wherein the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) is in an amount sufficient to provide a molar ratio of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms from the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) to alkenyl groups from the alkenyl-functional compound (B) is in a range of 0.5 to 1;
[0011] (b) reacting the reaction mixture obtained from step (a) under conditions such that at least part of the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) and at least part of the alkenyl-functional compound (B) react to form the linear organopolysiloxane; and
[0012] (c) upon conversion of greater than 95% of the SiH groups of the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) , combining the reaction mixture obtained from step (b) with a thiuram disulfide compound to obtain the liquid silicone composition; wherein the thiuram disulfide compound has formula (D) :
[0013] where RH, RN, RJ, and RK are each independently selected from a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a heteroatom-containing monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or combinations thereof; RH and RN groups may combine to form one or more carbocyclic groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms; and RJ and RK groups may combine to form one or more carbocyclic groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms; and
[0014] wherein the thiuram disulfide compound added is in an amount such that the molar equivalent ratio of the thiuram disulfide compound to platinum in the platinum (0) complex catalyst is 0.7 or higher.
[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention is a non-curable liquid silicone composition comprising: (i) a linear organopolysiloxane of chemical formula (L) :
[0016] where m and n are each independently in a range of 0 to 200, provided that m and n are not 0 at the same time; each R1 and R3 are independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; each R2 and R4 are independently selected from a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, - (CH2) 2-RA2Si (OSiMe2) a (OSiRARL) b (CH2) cSi (ORD) 3, - (CH2) 2- (OSiMe2) a- (OSiRARL) bOSiRA2RC, -CH2-C (RE) CH2 (OCH2CH (CH3) ) d (OCH2CH2) eORG, or -CH2-C (RE) - (CH2) p-SiRMq (ORD) 3-q; and each R5 is independently selected from a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, - (CH2) 2-RA2Si (OSiMe2) a (OSiRARL) b (CH2) cSi (ORD) 3, - (CH2) 2- (OSiMe2) a- (OSiRARL) bOSiRA2RC, -CH2-C (RE) CH2 (OCH2CH (CH3) ) d (OCH2CH2) eORG, or -CH2-C (RE) - (CH2) p-SiRMq (ORD) 3-q; where “Me” refers to a methyl group; a is a range of 0 to 200; b is in a range of 0 to 200; c is in a range of 2 to 20; each RA is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; each RD is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; each RL is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, provided that RA and RL are not methyl groups at the same time; RC is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; RE is H or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; RG is H, an acetyl group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; d is in a range of 0 to 200, e is in a range of 0 to 200, provided that (d+e) > 0; each RM is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; p is in a range of 0 to 20; and q is in a range of 0 to 3; provided that at most two of R2, R4, and R5 are alkenyl groups;
[0017] (ii) a platinum (II) dithiocarbamate complex of formula (E) :
[0018] where RH, RN, RJ, and RK are each independently selected from a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a heteroatom-containing monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or combinations thereof; RH and RN groups may combine to form one or more carbocyclic groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms; and RJ and RK groups may combine to form one or more carbocyclic groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms; and optionally,
[0019] (iii) a thiuram disulfide compound of formula (D) :
[0020] where RH, RN, RJ, and RK are each independently selected from a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a heteroatom-containing monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or combinations thereof; RH and RN groups may combine to form one or more carbocyclic groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms; and RJ and RK groups may combine to form one or more carbocyclic groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
[0021] In a third aspect, the present invention is an immersion cooling liquid comprising the non-curable liquid silicone composition of the second aspect.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] Test methods refer to the most recent test method as of the priority date of this document when a date is not indicated with the test method number. References to test methods contain both a reference to the testing society and the test method number. The following test method abbreviations and identifiers apply herein: ASTM refers to American Society for Testing and Materials International methods.
[0023] Products identified by their tradename refer to the compositions available under those tradenames on the priority date of this document.
[0024] “Multiple” means two or more. “And / or” means “and, or as an alternative” . All ranges include endpoints unless otherwise indicated.
[0025] “Solid” refers to a state of matter that does not perceptively flow to the unaided eye.
[0026] “Organopolysiloxane” or “silicone” refers to a polymer with repeating Si-O-Si units.
[0027] Characterization of an organopolysiloxane can be conducted using 29Si and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique, such as, described in US Patent 9, 593, 209, Reference Example 2 at col. 32, which can be used to measure the mole percentage of methyl, weight content of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms, and molar percentage and weight percentage of alkenyl (e.g., vinyl) groups described below.
[0028] “Monovalent hydrocarbon group” means a univalent group made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms. Monovalent hydrocarbon groups include alkyl, aryl, and alkenyl groups as defined below. “Bivalent hydrocarbon group” means a bivalent group made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms.
[0029] “Alkyl” means a cyclic, branched, or unbranched, saturated monovalent hydrocarbon group. Alkyl is exemplified by, but not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl (e.g., iso-propyl and / or n-propyl) , butyl (e.g., isobutyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, and / or sec-butyl) , pentyl (e.g., isopentyl, neopentyl, and / or tert-pentyl) , hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl, and branched alkyl groups of 6 or more carbon atoms; and cyclic alkyl groups such as cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
[0030] “Aryl” means a hydrocarbon group that contains an aromatic ring. Monocyclic aryl groups may have 5 to 9 carbon atoms, alternatively 6 to 7 carbon atoms, and alternatively 5 to 6 carbon atoms. Polycyclic aryl groups may have 10 to 17 carbon atoms, alternatively 10 to 14 carbon atoms, and alternatively 12 to 14 carbon atoms. Aryl is exemplified by, but not limited to, cyclopentadienyl, phenyl, anthracenyl, naphthyl, tolyl, xylyl, benzyl, phenylethyl, phenyl propyl, and phenyl butyl.
[0031] “Alkenyl” means a branched or unbranched, monovalent hydrocarbon group having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Suitable alkenyl groups are exemplified by vinyl, allyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, and heptenyl, (including branched and linear isomers of 3 to 7 carbon atoms) ; and cyclohexenyl. The alkenyl group typically have 2 to 20 carbon atoms, 2 to 18, 2 to 16, 2 to 12, 2 to 10, 2 to 8, 2 to 6, or 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Desirably, the alkenyl group is selected from the group consisting of vinyl, allyl, or hexenyl. Most desirably, the alkenyl group is a vinyl group.
[0032] The present invention is a process for preparing a liquid silicone composition. “Liquid” means the composition is flowable at 25 degrees Celsius (℃) and 101 kiloPascals pressure. As a “silicone composition” , the composition comprises at least one silicone component. The process comprises steps (a) , (b) , and (c) , and optionally, steps (d) and / or (e) , described herein below.
[0033] The process of the present invention comprises step (a) combining starting materials (A) a polyorganohydrogensiloxane having an average of one or more SiH groups per molecule, (B) an alkenyl-functional compound, and (C) a platinum (0) complex catalyst (also referred to as “Pt complex catalyst” ) together to form a reaction mixture. If starting material (A) comprises a polyorganohydrogensiloxane containing more than one silicon-bonded hydrogen atom, starting material (B) consists of the alkenyl-functional compound that contains one alkenyl group, such that the hydrosilylation reaction of starting materials (A) with (B) forms a linear silicone, instead of a crosslinked structure. That is, the reaction mixture comprising starting materials (A) , (B) , and (C) is not a curable composition. “Curable” means that composition has components that can react with one another to form a crosslinked material.
[0034] Starting material (A) is one or more polyorganohydrogensiloxanes containing an average of one or more silicon atom-bonded hydrogen (SiH) groups per molecule, and can have 2 or more, 3 or more, or even 4 or more SiH groups per molecule. “Polyorganohydrogensiloxane” , also known as “silyl hydride-functional organopolysiloxane” , refers to an organopolysiloxane containing one or more SiH groups. “Silyl hydride” functionality refers to having a hydrogen atom bonded directly to a silicon atom to form an SiH group. The polyorganohydrogensiloxane is typically free of an alkenyl group.
[0035] The polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) may include any one or any combination of more than one organopolysiloxane selected from those having chemical structure of formula (A-1) , of formula (A-2) , of formula (A-3) , of formula (A-4) , or combinations thereof:
[0036] HRA2Si (OSiMe2) a (OSiRARB) bOSiRA2H (A-1) ,
[0037] HRA2Si (OSiMe2) a (OSiRARB) bOSiRA2RC (A-2) ,
[0038] HRA2Si (OSiMe2) a (OSiRARB) b (CH2) cSi (ORD) 3 (A-3) ,
[0039] RA3Si (OSiMe2) a (OSiRAH) b'OSiRA3 (A-4) ,
[0040] where “Me” refers to a methyl group; a is a range of 0 to 200; b is in a range of 0 to 200; b' is in a range of 1 to 200; c is in a range of 2 to 20; each RA may be the same or different and is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; each RB may be the same or different and is independently selected from a hydrogen atom (H) , a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or combinations thereof, provided that RA and RB are not methyl groups at the same time; RC is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and each RD may be the same or different and is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or 1 to 2 carbon atoms; desirably, each RD is methyl.
[0041] “a” and “b” are each independently in a range of 0 to 200, and can be 1 or higher, 2 or higher, 3 or higher, 4 or higher, 5 or higher, 6 or higher, 7 or higher, 8 or higher, 10 or higher, 12 or higher, 15 or higher, 20 or higher, even 25 or higher while at the same time is typically 150 or lower, 120 or lower, 100 or lower, 80 or lower, 60 or lower, 50 or lower, 40 or lower, 30 or lower, or even 25 or lower; desirably, a is 5 to 100 or 8 to 50; desirably, b is 0 to 100 or 0 to 50.
[0042] The value of b' is in a range of 1 to 200, and can be 1 or higher, 2 or higher, 3 or higher, 4 or higher, 5 or higher, 6 or higher, 7 or higher, 8 or higher, 10 or higher, 12 or higher, 15 or higher, 20 or higher, even 25 or higher while at the same time is typically 150 or lower, 120 or lower, 100 or lower, 80 or lower, 60 or lower, 50 or lower, 40 or lower, 30 or lower, or even 25 or lower, desirably, 5 to 100, more desirably, 2 to 10.
[0043] The value of c is in a range of 2 to 20, and can be 4 or more while at the same time is typically 18 or less, 16 or less, 10 or less, 6 or less, or even 4 or less, desirably 2 to 4.
[0044] Each RA, RB, and RC may independently have 1 to 12, 1 to 10, 1 to 6, 1 to 4, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. The monovalent hydrocarbon groups represented by RA, RB, and RC may independently include an alkyl group or an aryl group as defined above. For example, RA and RC may be each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as phenyl. Desirably, RA and RC are each independently selected from methyl, ethyl, and phenyl. More desirably, each of RA and RC is methyl.
[0045] Specific examples of suitable polyorganohydrogensiloxanes include bis-trimethylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethyl / methylhydrogen) siloxane, bis-trimethylsiloxy-terminated polymethylhydrogensiloxane, bis-dimethylhydrogensiloxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monotrialkoxysiloxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes such as monotrimethoxysiloxy and trimethylsiloxy terminated polydimethylsiloxanes, or combinations thereof. Polyorganohydrogensiloxanes can be synthesized according to the teachings in US2006 / 0100336A1.
[0046] Starting material (B) is one or more than one alkenyl-functional compound. The alkenyl compound (B) is selected from (B1) an alpha-olefin, (B2) an allyl-terminated polyether, (B3) a linear alkenyl-functional polydiorganosiloxane, or mixtures thereof.
[0047] The alkenyl-functional compound (B) may comprise, or can consist of, (B1) one or more than one alpha-olefin. “Olefin” , alternatively referred to as “alkene” , is a linear, branched, or cyclic compound of carbon and hydrogen having at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) . The term “alpha-olefin” refers to an olefin having a terminal carbon-to-carbon double bond. Suitable alpha-olefins may comprise those olefins having the structure of formula (B1-1) , of formula (B1-2) , or combinations thereof:CH2=C (RE) RF (B1-1) ,CH2=C (RE) -RF'- (RE) C=CH2 (B1-2) ,
[0048] where RE and RF may be the same or different and are each independently selected from H or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and can have 1 to 10, 1 to 6, or even 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and RF'is a bivalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
[0049] Alkyl groups represented by RE and RF may include those defined above. Desirably, RE is H.Desirably, RF is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and can have 2 or higher, 3 or higher, even 4 or higher while at the same time is typically 16 or less, 14 or less, 12 or less, 10 or less, 8 or less, 6 or less, or even 4 or less carbon atoms, desirably, 4 to 10 carbon atoms. Desirably, RF' is an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and can have 2 or higher, 3 or higher, even 4 or higher while at the same time is typically 16 or less, 14 or less, 12 or less, 10 or less, 8 or less, 6 or less, or even 4 or less carbon atoms, desirably, 4 to 10 carbon atoms. More desirably, in formula (B1-1) , RE is H and RF is an alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms. More desirably, in formula (B1-2) , RE is H and RF'is an alkylene group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms.
[0050] Specific examples of suitable alpha-olefins include 1-Octene (CH2=CH (CH2) 5CH3) , 1-Heptene (CH2=CH (CH2) 4CH3) , 1-Hexene (CH2=CH (CH2) 3CH3) , 1, 5-hexadiene (CH2=CH (CH2) 2C=CH2) , 1, 6-Heptadiene (CH2=CH (CH2) 3C=CH2) , 1, 7-Octadiene (CH2=CH (CH2) 4C=CH2) , tetradeca-1, 13-diene (CH2=CH (CH2) 10C=CH2) , or mixtures thereof.
[0051] If the alkenyl-functional compound (B) is selected from the alpha-olefin having the structure of formula (B1-1) described above, such as 1-Octene, 1-Heptene, 1-Hexene, or mixtures thereof; the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) may comprise, or can consist of, the polyorganohydrogensiloxane of formula (A-1) , of formula (A-2) , of formula (A-3) , of formula (A-4) , described above, or combinations thereof, desirably, the polyorganohydrogensiloxane of formula (A-1) , of formula (A-3) , of formula (A-4) , or combinations thereof, more desirably, the polyorganohydrogensiloxane of formula (A-1) , of formula (A-4) , or combination thereof; most desirably, each RA in formula (A-1) and (A-4) is selected from methyl.
[0052] Alternatively, if the alkenyl-functional compound (B) comprises, or consists of, the alpha-olefin of formula (B1-2) described above, the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) may have the chemical structure of formula (A-3) described above, provided that RB is not H; desirably, each RA, RB, and RD in formula (A-3) are selected from methyl.
[0053] The alkenyl-functional compound (B) may comprise, or can consist of, (B2) one or more than one allyl-terminated polyether. “Polyether” refers to a polymer that has a backbone (also as “polymer backbone” ) comprising one or more polyoxyalkylene segments. The polyoxyalkylene segments contain oxyalkylene units. The oxyalkylene units throughout the backbone can be the same or different. As used herein, the term “oxyalkylene” refers to units having the structure - (O-A) -wherein O-Arepresents the monomeric residue of the polymerization reaction product of a C2-C4 alkylene oxide. Desirably, the backbone of the allyl-terminated polyether comprises or consists of oxyethylene units. For example, the backbone of the allyl-terminated polyether may comprise oxyethylene units and oxypropylene units. The allyl-terminated polyether refers to a polyether containing at least one allylic end group. As used herein, “allylic end group” refers to a group having the structure of [CH2=C (RE) -CH2-] , where RE is as described below. The allyl-terminated polyether can be a linear or branched random copolymer.
[0054] The allyl-terminated polyether may have the structure of formula (B2-1) :CH2=C (RE) CH2 (OCH2CH (CH3) ) d (OCH2CH2) eORG (B2-1) ,
[0055] where RE is H or an alkyl group typically having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and can have 1 to 10, 1 to 6, or even 1 to 3 carbon atoms (e.g., methyl) ; RG is H, an acetyl group, or an alkyl group typically having 1 to 20, and can have 1 to 10, 1 to 6, or even 1 to 3 carbon atoms (e.g., methyl) ; d is in a range of 0 to 200, e is in a range of 0 to 200; provided that (d+e) > 0. Desirably, RG is H.
[0056] The polyether can be a linear random copolymer. The sequence of ethylene oxide ( “EO” ) units (- (CH2CH2-O) -) and propylene oxide ( “PO” ) units (- (CH2CHCH3-O) -) may be random or may be oriented in block configurations of any kind such as a single block of ethylene oxide units and a single block of propylene oxide units.
[0057] The value of d represents the number of propylene oxide units. The value of d can be in a range of from 0 to 200, and can be 0 to 150, 1 to 100, 1 to 50, 2 to 40, from 5 to 40, or 0 to 30, desirably, 0 to 20, more desirably, 0 to 10, most desirably, 0 to 5.
[0058] The value of e represents the number of ethylene oxide units. The value of e can be in a range of 0 to 200, and can be 1 or higher, 2 or higher, 4 or higher, 5 or higher, 8 or higher, 10 or higher, even 12 or more while at the same time is typically 150 or less, and can be 120 or less, 100 or less, 80 or less, 50 or less, 40 or less, 35 or less, 30 or less, 28 or less, 15 or lower, or even 12 or lower, and can be 0 to 20, desirably, 2 to 20, more desirably, 5 to 20, most desirably, 10 to 15.
[0059] The quantity (d+e) may be 1 or higher, 2 or higher, 5 or higher, 8 or higher, 10 or higher, even 12 or higher while at the same time is generally 140 or lower, and can be 100 or lower, 50 or lower, 40 or lower, 30 or lower, 20 or lower, or even 15 or lower, desirably, 5 to 50, more desirably, 5 to 40, most desirably, 10 to 30.
[0060] Desirably, d is 0 to 20 and e is in a range of 0 to 20 or 1 to 20, and (d+e) is in a range of 5 to 40.
[0061] Examples of suitable allyl-terminated polyethers include Allyl-EO12-OH, Allyl-EO12-PO3-OH, Allyl-PO12-OH, Allyl-EO12-PO20-OH, or mixtures thereof, where “Allyl” refers to “CH2=CHCH2-” .
[0062] If the alkenyl-functional compound (B) is selected from the allyl-terminated polyether having the structure of formula (B2-1) described above, the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) may comprise, or can consist of, the polyorganohydrogensiloxanes of formula (A-1) , of formula (A-2) , of formula (A-3) , of formula (A-4) , or combinations thereof, desirably, the polyorganohydrogensiloxane of formula (A-1) , of formula (A-3) , of formula (A-4) , or combinations thereof, more desirably, of formula (A-4) described above, most desirably, each RA is methyl.
[0063] The alkenyl-functional compound (B) may comprise, or can consist of, (B3) one or more than one linear alkenyl-functional polydiorganosiloxane. The linear alkenyl-functional polydiorganosiloxane (B3) contains one or more alkenyl groups. The alkenyl groups typically have 2 to 20, 2 to 10, 2 to 8, or 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, allyl, or hexenyl. More desirably, the alkenyl group is selected from vinyl.
[0064] Desirably, the linear alkenyl-functional polydiorganosiloxane (B3) may comprise one or more than one polydiorganosiloxane having chemical structure of formula (B3-1) , of formula (B3-2) , of formula (B3-3) , or combinations thereof:ViRA2Si (OSiMe2) a (OSiRARL) bOSiRA2Vi (B3-1) ,ViRA2Si (OSiMe2) a (OSiRARL) bOSiRA2RC (B3-2) ,RA3Si (OSiMe2) aSi (OSiRAVi) b'OSiRA3 (B3-3) ,
[0065] where “Me” refers to a methyl group; “Vi” refers to a vinyl group (CH2=CH-) ; RA and RC, a, and b are as described above in formula (A-1) to (A-3) ; and each RL is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and can have 1 to 12, 1 to 10, 1 to 6, 1 to 4, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms; provided that RA and RL are not methyl groups at the same time; and b' is as described above in formula (A-4) .
[0066] The monovalent hydrocarbon group is as described above. Specific examples of monovalent hydrocarbon groups represented by RA, RC, and RL include an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and phenyl. Desirably, RA, RC, and RL are each independently selected from methyl, ethyl, and phenyl. More desirably, each RA, RC, and RL is selected from methyl.
[0067] Examples of suitable linear alkenyl-functional polydiorganosiloxane include dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / methylvinylsiloxane) , dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated polymethylvinylsiloxane, trimethylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / methylvinylsiloxane) , trimethylsiloxy-terminated polymethylvinylsiloxane, dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / methylvinylsiloxane) , dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / methylphenylsiloxane) ,dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / diphenylsiloxane) , phenyl, methyl, vinyl-siloxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, or combinations thereof. Desirably, the linear alkenyl-functional polydiorganosiloxanes is selected from dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane.
[0068] If the alkenyl-functional compound (B) comprises, or consists of, the linear alkenyl-functional polydiorganosiloxane of formula (B3-1) described above, the linear alkenyl-functional polydiorganosiloxane of formula (B3-3) described above, or combinations thereof; the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) may be selected from the polyorganohydrogensiloxane of formula (A-2) described above, provided that RB is not H; the polyorganohydrogensiloxane of formula (A-3) described above, provided that RB is not H; or combinations thereof.
[0069] Alternatively, if the alkenyl-functional compound (B) is selected from the linear alkenyl-functional polydiorganosiloxane of formula (B3-2) described above, the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) may comprise, or can consist of, the polyorganohydrogensiloxane of formula (A-1) , of (A-2) , of (A-3) , or of (A-4) , or combinations thereof, desirably, the polyorganohydrogensiloxane of formula (A-1) , of formula (A-3) , of formula (A-4) , more desirably, the polyorganohydrogensiloxane of formula (A-1) , of formula (A-4) , or combinations thereof.
[0070] The alkenyl-functional compound (B) may comprise, or can consist of, (B4) one or more than one alkenyl silane. “Alkenyl silane” is a linear or branched compound of carbon and hydrogen having a terminal carbon-to-carbon double bond (CH2=CH-) and a terminal -SiRMq (ORD) 3-q as defined herein below. The alkenyl silane may have the structure of formula (B4-1) :CH2=C (RE) - (CH2) p-SiRMq (ORD) 3-q (B4-1) ,
[0071] where RE is as described above, desirably, H; RD is as described above, desirably, methyl; each RM is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or 1 to 2 carbon atoms, desirably, methyl; p is in a range of 0 to 20, and can be in a range of 0 to 10, 0 to 8, or 0 to 6; and q is in a range of 0 to 3, desirably, q is 0.
[0072] Examples of suitable alkenyl silanes include vinyl trimethoxysilane (CH2=CH-Si (OCH3) 3) , allyl trimethoxysilane (CH2=CH-CH2-Si (OCH3) 3) , but-3-en-1-yltrimethoxysilane (CH2=CH- (CH2) 2-Si (OCH3) 3) , trimethoxy (pent-4-en-1-yl) silane (CH2=CH- (CH2) 3-Si (OCH3) 3) , hex-5-en-1-yltrimethoxysilane (CH2=CH- (CH2) 4-Si (OCH3) 3) , hept-6-en-1-yltrimethoxysilane (CH2=CH- (CH2) 5-Si (OCH3) 3) , trimethoxy (oct-7-en-1-yl) silane (CH2=CH- (CH2) 6-Si (OCH3) 3) , or mixtures thereof.
[0073] The alkenyl-functional compound (B) may meet one of the following sets of conditions: (1) if the alkenyl-functional compound (B) is selected from the alpha-olefin of formula (B1-1) , the allyl-terminated polyether of formula (B2-1) , the linear alkenyl-functional polydiorganosiloxane of formula (B3-2) , or mixtures thereof; the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) comprises the polyorganohydrogensiloxane of formula (A-1) , of formula (A-3) , of formula (A-4) , or combinations thereof; or (2) if the alkenyl-functional compound (B) comprises the linear alkenyl-functional polydiorganosiloxane of formula (B3-1) , of formula (B3-3) , or combinations thereof; the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) is selected from the polyorganohydrogensiloxane of formula (A-2) , provided that RB is not H; the polyorganohydrogensiloxane of formula (A-3) , provided that RB is not H; or combinations thereof.
[0074] Starting materials (A) and (B) are present in amounts such that a molar ratio of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms from the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) to alkenyl groups from the alkenyl-functional compound (B) is in a range of 0.5 to 1, and can be 0.6 or higher, 0.7 or higher, 0.75 or higher, 0.8 or higher, 0.82 or higher, 0.85 or higher, 0.87 or higher, even 0.9 or higher while at the same time is typically 0.97 or lower, and can be 0.95 or lower, 0.92 or lower, 0.90 or lower, 0.87 or lower, 0.85 or lower, 0.82 or lower, or even 0.8 or lower, desirably, 0.75 to 1. The number of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms and alkenyl groups can be determined by NMR analysis. When the alkenyl functional group in the alkenyl-functional compound is a vinyl group such ratio corresponds to a “SiH / Vi ratio” .
[0075] Starting material (C) is one or more than one platinum (0) complex catalyst (also referred to as “Pt complex catalyst” ) . The Pt complex catalyst is a complex of platinum (0) with a complexing agent to form a compound. The Pt complex catalyst is used as a hydrosilylation catalyst in the process. Examples of suitable Pt complex catalysts include complexes of platinum-alkenyl-functional organopolysiloxane oligomers, such as platinum (0) -1, 3-divinyl-1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethyldisiloxane (Karstedt's catalyst) , platinum-carbonyl complexes, platinum (0) cyclovinylmethylsiloxane complexes, platinum carbene complexes, platinum (0) isocyanide complexes, platinum (0) acetylene complexes, platinum (0) complexes with phosphine, olefin, and / or carbonyl ligands, or mixtures thereof. Desirably, the platinum (0) complex is Karstedt's Catalyst. Exemplary hydrosilylation reaction catalysts include those described in US3,715,334, US3,814,730, and US5,175,325. Suitable Pt complex catalysts are commercially available, for example, SYL-OFFTM 4000 Catalyst, SYL-OFF 4500 Catalyst, and SYL-OFF 2700 Catalyst are available from The Dow Chemical Company (SYL-OFF is a trademark of The Dow Chemical Company or its affiliates) . The amount of the Pt complex catalyst (C) can be sufficient to provide 0.1 part per million (ppm) to 500 ppm of the platinum metal and can be 1 ppm or more, 2 ppm or more, even 3 ppm or more while at the same time is generally 300 ppm or less, and can be 100 ppm or less, 50 ppm or less, 20 ppm or less, 15 ppm or less, 10 ppm or less, or even 5 ppm or less, desirably, 0.5 to 10 ppm of the platinum metal, based on the combined weight of starting materials (A) and (B) above.
[0076] Combing starting materials (A) , (B) , and (C) together in step (a) of the process may be conducted under agitation, for example, mechanical stirring. These starting materials are typically combined at a temperature of 0 to 90 ℃, and can be 10 ℃ or higher, 15 ℃ or higher, 20 ℃ or higher, 23 ℃ or higher, 25℃ or higher, 30 ℃ or higher, 40 ℃ or higher, 50 ℃ or higher, even 60 ℃ or higher while at the same time is typically 75 ℃ or lower, and can be 70 ℃ or lower, 65 ℃ or lower, or even 60 ℃ or lower, desirably, from 50 to 70 ℃. Desirably, combination of starting materials (A) to (C) can be conducted by multiple steps, including the steps of: (a-1) forming a heated mixture of starting materials (A) and (B) , where the heated mixture has a temperature of 40 to 80 ℃, desirably, 50 to 70 ℃; and (a-2) adding starting materials (C) the Pt complex catalyst to the heated mixture to form the reaction mixture.
[0077] The process for preparing the liquid silicone composition further comprises step (b) reacting the reaction mixture obtained from step (a) under conditions such that at least part of the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) and at least part of the alkenyl-functional compound (B) react, e.g., via hydrosilylation reaction that is an exothermic reaction, to form a linear organopolysiloxane. The reaction generally will commence spontaneously upon mixing of the starting materials and the Pt catalyst. Conditions for the hydrosilylation reaction of starting materials (A) and (B) are known in the art. For example, temperatures for the reaction can be in a range of 10 ℃ to not greater than 150 ℃, and can be 20 ℃ or more, 30 ℃ or more, 40 ℃ or more, 50 ℃ or more, 60 ℃ or more, even 70 ℃ or more while at the same time is typically 95 ℃ or less, 90 ℃ or less, 85 ℃ or less, or even 80 ℃ or less, desirably 60 to 85 ℃, more desirably 70 to 80 ℃. Reaction time may vary depending on the temperatures and / or the Pt complex catalyst concentration, such as 5 minutes or longer, 30 minutes or longer, or even 1 hour or longer. Desirably, the reaction is conducted at a temperature in a range of 60 to 80 ℃ for at least 0.5 hour or at least 1 hour. During step (b) of the process, the reaction is permitted to proceed until essentially all of the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) has been reacted with the alkenyl-functional compound (B) , e.g., the conversion of the SiH groups of the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) (hereinafter also referred to as “conversion rate” ) reaches greater than 95% (> 95%) . “Conversion” of SiH groups means the reaction of SiH, e.g., the reaction of SiH with alkenyl groups of the alkenyl-functional compound (B) . Conversion of the SiH groups can be monitored by measuring the reduction of the SiH peak at 2173 cm-1 in the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) , such as teachings in U.S. Patent No. 9,593,209. The conversion rate is characterized by the percentage decrease of the peak area of the Si-H band at 2173 cm-1 in FT-IR spectra. For example, a conversion rate > 95%indicates that the peak area of the Si-H band at 2173 cm-1 decreased by more than 95%compared to its peak area in starting material (A) the polyorganohydrogensiloxane prior to the reaction.
[0078] To reduce or prevent localized overheating from occurring, particularly in batch processes in which large volumes of starting materials are mixed and reacted, it is desirable to agitate the reaction mixture during steps (a) and (b) . Agitation can be performed in any suitable manner, such as by stirring, shaking, applying ultrasonic energy, passing the reaction mixture through a mixing device such as a static mixer.
[0079] The process of the present invention further comprises step (c) combining the reaction mixture obtained from step (b) with a thiuram disulfide (step (c) ) is conducted only after the conversion reaches greater than 95%of the SiH groups of the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) , as defined above. The reaction, i.e., the hydrosilylation reaction between SiH groups of the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) and alkenyl groups of the alkenyl-functional compound (B) is completed, as indicated by > 95%conversion of SiH groups as described above. The timing for the combination of step (c) is critical, so that the thiuram disulfide will not inhibit the hydrosilylation reaction of step (b) . During step (c) of the process, upon combining the reaction mixture obtained from step (b) with the thiuram disulfide, a platinum (II) dithiocarbamate complex typically forms spontaneously. The temperature for combining the thiuram disulfide and the reaction mixture may range from 0 to lower than 100 ℃, and can be from 20 to 90℃, from 25 to 85 ℃, or from 30 to 80 ℃, desirably from 60 to 80 ℃. Desirably, step (c) is performed as soon as possible after the conversion rate of SiH groups reaches the aforementioned ranges, e.g., the thiuram disulfide can be added to the reaction mixture obtained from step (b) without cooling the reaction mixture after step (b) . Alternatively, a cooling step can be applied to reduce the temperature of the reaction mixture obtained from step (b) to the aforementioned temperatures, prior to addition of the thiuram disulfide. To facilitate the ready contact between the thiuram disulfide and the Pt complex catalyst in the reaction mixture, it is desirable to agitate the combination during step (c) , e.g., using a mechanical stirrer. Desirably, the combining in step (c) includes adding the thiuram disulfide to the reaction mixture obtained from step (b) , and then maintaining the resulting mixture at a certain temperature, e.g., in a range of 20 to 80 ℃ for sufficient time (e.g., 0.5 to 1 hour) to allow partial or full conversion of the Pt complex catalyst to the platinum (II) dithiocarbamate complex.
[0080] The thiuram disulfide added in step (c) is desirably in an amount such that the molar ratio of the thiuram disulfide to platinum in the Pt complex catalyst (C) is in a range of 0.9 to 100, and can be 1 or higher, greater than 1, 1.1 or higher, even 1.2 or higher while at the same time is typically 10 or lower, and can be 5 or lower, 3 or lower, 2 or lower, even 1.2 or lower, can be 1 to 10, 1 to 5, or 1 to 2, desirably, 1 to 1.2.
[0081] The thiuram disulfide may have the chemical structure of formula (D) :
[0082] where RH, RN, RJ, and RK are each independently selected from a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated; a heteroatom-containing monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated; or combinations thereof. Suitable heteroatoms may include, for example, an oxygen atom. RH and RN groups may combine to form one or more carbocyclic groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms. RJ and RK groups may combine to form one or more carbocyclic groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
[0083] RH, RN, RJ, and RK can be the same or different, desirably, these groups are the same. RH, RN, RJ, and RK may be each independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and can have 1 to 12, 1 to 6, 1 to 4, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms; an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, such as phenyl and benzyl; or combinations thereof. Desirably, RH, RN, RJ, and RK are each independently selected from methyl, iso-butyl, n-butyl, or combinations thereof.
[0084] Specific examples of suitable thiuram disulfides include tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide, tetra (iso-propyl) thiuram disulfide, tetra (iso-butyl) thiuram disulfide, and tetra (n-butyl) thiuram disulfide. Desirably, the thiuram disulfide is selected from tetramethylthiuram disulfide, tetra (n-butyl) thiuram disulfide, or mixtures thereof.
[0085] The thiuram disulfide may be optionally diluted in a solvent before adding into the reaction mixture obtained from step (b) . “Solvent” herein refers to any material that can dissolve the thiuram disulfide. The solvent may be selected from aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, halogenated hydrocarbons, ethers, or mixtures thereof. It is desirable to use as little solvent as possible to facilitate dissolving the thiuram disulfide and, if desired, to later remove the solvent, e.g., by evaporation and / or stripping. Particularly suitable solvents may include halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform (CHCl3) , and / or tetrachloromethane. The solvent may be used in an amount of 0.1%to 5%by weight based on the thiuram disulfide the weight.
[0086] The platinum (II) dithiocarbamate complex may be represented by formula (E) :
[0087] where RH, RN, RJ, and RK are as described above in formula (D) for the thiuram disulfide. Desirably, RH, RN, RJ, and RK are each independently selected from methyl, iso-butyl, n-butyl, or combinations thereof.
[0088] The platinum (II) dithiocarbamate complex formed in step (c) may be a solid at 25 ℃ (such as a platinum (II) dithiocarbamate complex formed from tetramethylthiuram disulfide) . The platinum (II) dithiocarbamate complex can be dissolved or dispersed in the reaction mixture; or phase separated from in the reaction mixture, resulting in a precipitate.
[0089] The process of the present invention may further comprise step (d) stripping volatiles from the composition obtained from step (c) . “Stripping volatiles” usually involves drawing a vacuum around the composition to a pressure under 80 to 100 kilopascals pressure at a temperature of 120 to 180 ℃, desirably, 120 to 150 ℃, to remove volatiles such as small cyclic materials, solvents, or combinations thereof. Small cyclic materials may include, for example, D4 to D10 cyclic polydimethylsiloxanes, where “D” followed by a number refers to the number of repeating diorganosiloxanes in a cyclic chain, such as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) , decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) , dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) , and other cyclic polydimethylsiloxanes such as D7, D8, D9, and D10; or mixtures thereof. Desirably, step (d) the stripping is conducted at a temperature in a range of 120 to 150 ℃ for 0.5 to 6 hours, 1 to 5 hours, or 3 to 4 hours. Further details may refer to the General Stripping Process described in the Examples section below.
[0090] Following step (c) (or step (d) if it is performed) , the process of the present invention may comprise, or be free of, step (e) filtering the composition obtained from step (c) (or from step (d) if it is performed) to remove a precipitate. Desirably, step (e) is conducted after step (d) . The process can be free of step (e) to leave the Pt (II) complex in the product mixture, as some thiuram disulfides and the resulting Pt (II) complex (such as a platinum (II) dithiocarbamate complex formed from tetrabutylthiuram disulfide) may have good dissolution in the product mixture, Thus, separation may be difficult on an industrial scale and the smaller amounts of the Pt (II) dithiocarbamate complex that are produced in this process and remained in the resulting product mixture will not cause yellowing of the resulting product mixture. It is desirable to have less than 1000 ppm, and can be less than 5 ppm, or even less than 1 ppm of the Pt (II) complex with the resulting product (i.e., the liquid silicone composition described herein below) after step (e) .
[0091] The present invention also relates to a liquid silicone composition, which can be prepared by the process. Such liquid silicone composition is a non-curable composition. “Non-curable” means the composition is free of a combination of functionalities necessary to undergo chemical crosslinking by hydrosilylation, preferably that the composition is free of functionality to undergo crosslinking by any chemical reaction that is thermally or chemically induced. In that regard, the composition is desirably free of a combination of alkenyl and silyl-hydride (SiH) functionalities. More desirably, the organopolysiloxanes in the composition only contain alkyl and / or aryl groups terminal and pendant thereto.
[0092] The liquid silicone composition comprises components (i) a linear organopolysiloxane, (ii) the platinum (II) dithiocarbamate complex, and optionally, (iii) the thiuram disulfide.
[0093] Component (i) the linear organopolysiloxane is a reaction product of the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) and the alkenyl-functional compound (B) described above. The linear organopolysiloxane may have the following chemical formula (L) :
[0094] where m and n are each independently in a range of 0 to 200, provided that m and n are not 0 at the same time;
[0095] R1 and R3 may be the same or different and are each independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and can have 1 to 12, 1 to 10, 1 to 6, 1 to 4, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms; and
[0096] R2 and R4 may be the same or different and are each independently selected from the following groups:
[0097] a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and can be 1 to 12, 1 to 10, 1 to 6, 1 to 4, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms; including an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms (such as a vinyl group) ;
[0098] an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
[0099] - (CH2) 2-RA2Si (OSiMe2) a (OSiRARL) b (CH2) cSi (ORD) 3, where each RA, RD, a, b, and c are as described in formula (A-3) above; and RL is as described in formula (B3-2) above, provided that RA and RL are not methyl groups at the same time;
[0100] -CH2-C (RE) CH2 (OCH2CH (CH3) ) d (OCH2CH2) eORG, where RE, d, e, and RG are as described in formula (B2-1) above;
[0101] - (CH2) 2- (OSiMe2) a- (OSiRARL) bOSiRA2RC, where a, b, RA, RL, and RC are as described in formula (B3-2) above, provided that RA and RL are not methyl groups at the same time; or
[0102] -CH2-C (RE) - (CH2) p-SiRMq (ORD) 3-q, where RE, p, q, RM, and RD are as described in formula (B4-1) above;
[0103] each R5 is independently selected from the following groups:
[0104] a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and can be 2 to 12, 2 to 10, 2 to 6, 2 to 4, or 2 to 3 carbon atoms; including an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms (such as a vinyl group) ;
[0105] -(CH2) 2-RA2Si (OSiMe2) a (OSiRARL) b (CH2) cSi (ORD) 3, where each RA, RD, a, b, and c are as described in formula (A-3) above; and RL is as described in formula (B3-2) above; provided that RA and RL are not methyl groups at the same time;
[0106] -CH2-C (RE) CH2 (OCH2CH (CH3) ) d (OCH2CH2) eORG, where RE, d, e, and RG are as described in formula (B2-1) above;
[0107] - (CH2) 2- (OSiMe2) a- (OSiRARL) bOSiRA2RC, where a, b, RA, RL, and RC are as described in formula (B3-2) above, provided that RA and RL are not methyl groups at the same time; or
[0108] -CH2-C (RE) - (CH2) p-SiRMq (ORD) 3-q, where RE, p, q, RM and RD are as described in formula (B4-1) above;
[0109] provided that at most two of R2, R4, and R5 are alkenyl groups.
[0110] In formula (L) , m and n are each independently in a range of 0 to 200, and can be 1 or higher, 2 or higher, 3 or higher, 4 or higher, 5 or higher, 6 or higher, 7 or higher, 8 or higher, 10 or higher, 12 or higher, 15 or higher, 20 or higher, even 25 or higher while at the same time is typically 150 or lower, 120 or lower, 100 or lower, 80 or lower, 60 or lower, 50 or lower, 40 or lower, 30 or lower, or even 25 or lower, desirably, 5 to 100, more desirably, 8 to 50.
[0111] In formula (L) , the monovalent hydrocarbon groups represented by R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 may independently include an alkyl group or an aryl group as defined above, such as an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or 1 to 6 carbon atoms, desirably, methyl; or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, desirably, phenyl; or combinations thereof.
[0112] Component (ii) is the platinum (II) dithiocarbamate complex as described in the process section above. The platinum (II) dithiocarbamate complex in the liquid silicone composition may be in an amount to provide 0.01 to 500 ppm of the platinum metal, and can be 0.1 ppm or more, 0.5 pp or more, 1 ppm or more, 2 ppm or more, even 3 ppm or more while at the same time is generally 300 ppm or less, and can be 100 ppm or less, 50 ppm or less, 20 ppm or less, 15 ppm or less, 10 ppm or less, 5 ppm or less, 4 ppm or less, 2 ppm or less, 1 ppm or less, 0.5 ppm or less, or even 0.1 ppm or less of the platinum metal, desirably, 0.1 to 10 ppm of the platinum metal, based on the weight of the liquid silicone composition.
[0113] The liquid silicone composition of the present invention may comprise or be free of component (iii) the thiuram disulfide. When the thiuram disulfide added in step (c) of the process for preparing the liquid silicone composition is in an excessive amount, e.g., the molar ratio of the thiuram disulfide to platinum in the Pt complex catalyst (C) described above is greater than 1, and the excessive thiuram disulfide is not removed in step (d) and / or (e) if used, the liquid silicone composition may contain the thiuram disulfide.
[0114] The liquid silicone composition of the present invention demonstrates reduced color, as compared to silicone compositions that are prepared by a conventional process in which no thiuram disulfide is added at the specified stage of the process (e.g., after completing the hydrosilylation reaction) . The liquid silicone composition demonstrates no or low yellowing after stripping at 150 ℃ for 4 hours (hereafter referred to as “stripped composition” ) , as indicated by a Platinum / Cobalt (Pt / Co) Chroma less than 50, as measured according to ASTM D1209. Desirably, such stripped composition after aging at 50 ℃ for at least 3 months still shows a Pt / Co Chroma less than 50, even less than 10. The liquid silicone composition is suitable for use in many applications, including, for example, immersion cooling liquids, filler treatment agents, antifoam agents, and wetting agents. The present invention also relates to an immersion cooling liquid comprising the non-curable liquid silicone composition described above.
[0115] EXAMPLES
[0116] Some embodiments of the invention will now be described in the following Examples, wherein all parts and percentages are by weight (wt%) relative to composition weight unless otherwise specified. Table 1 lists the materials for use in preparation of samples described herein below. “Vi” refers to a vinyl group, “Me” refers to a methyl group, “EO” refers to - (CH2CH2-O) -, “PO” refers to - (CH2CHCH3-O) -, and “Allyl” refers to CH2=CH-CH2-. DOWSIL is a trademark of The Dow Chemical Company or its affiliates.
[0117] Table 1
[0118] The following standard analytical equipment and methods are used in the Examples and in determining the properties and characteristics stated herein:
[0119] Pt Content Measurement
[0120] Pt content was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) , according to the ICP-MS technique described in Atomic Spectroscopy Vol. 25 (3) , May / June 2004, Determination of Pt in Biological Fluids With ICP-MS: Evaluation of Analytical Uncertainty.
[0121] Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) Analysis
[0122] LC-MS analysis was used to analyze thiuram, according to the method described in Food Chemistry 135 (2012) 186-192 -Optimization and validation of a specific analytical method for the determination of thiram residues in fruits and vegetables by LC-MS / MS.
[0123] FT-IR Analysis
[0124] FT-IR analysis was used to evaluate conversion of SiH groups in reaction with alkenyl groups. For a reaction mixture sample comprising a polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) and an alkenyl-functional compound (B) , the SiH peak area at 2173 cm-1 in FT-IR spectra of the sample was used to determine the conversion rate of SiH groups of the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) in the reaction with alkenyl groups of the alkenyl-functional compound (B) . The conversion rate is calculated by the following equation:
[0125] [Peak Area2173 cm-1 (before) -Peak Area2173 cm-1 (after) ] / Peak Area2173 cm-1 (before) x 100%,
[0126] where “Peak Area2173 cm-1 (before) ” represents the peak area of Si-H band at 2173 cm-1 before the reaction, and “Peak Area2173 cm-1 (after) ” represents the peak area of Si-H band at 2173 cm-1 after the reaction has commenced.
[0127] Color Measurement
[0128] Color of a sample was measured using Seta-Lovibond Spectrocolorimeter (PFX-i series) (chroma standard: Pt-Co D1209, and light path: 50.0) , according to ASTM D1209. Results are reported as Pt / Co Chroma (APHA) values.
[0129] General Stripping Process
[0130] Stripping volatiles from a reaction mixture occurred with the reaction mixture in a flask connected to a graham condenser and then drawing a vacuum on the contents of the flask using a vacuum pump (for example, VacuuBrand, PC600 series) . The stripping process continued until no further liquid came out from the cooling column or the liquid drop rate was less than one drop in 5 seconds.
[0131] Comparative examples (CEs) A-E and inventive examples (IEs) 1-12 samples were prepared according to the following General Procedures I and II, respectively. Conditions, starting materials, and their loadings used in preparing each sample are given Table 2. Unless otherwise specified, greater than 95%conversion of SiH groups in preparing all the above samples was determined by the peak area of the SiH band at 2173 cm-1 in the FT-IR decreased by > 95%.
[0132] General Procedure I for Preparation of CEs A-E
[0133] In a four-neck round bottomed flask, W1 (g) of a SiH silicone oil ( “M1” ) and W2 (g) of a vinyl functional compound ( “M2” ) were loaded under N2 atmosphere and mixed using a mechanical stirrer bar for 10 minutes. Then, the resulting mixture was heated up to a temperature of T1 (℃) , followed by loading W3 (ppm) of Diluted Karstedt's Catalyst ( “M3” ) , in mass units as platinum (Pt) metal in the reaction mixture. After the exothermic reaction was over, the reaction mixture was heated up to a temperature of T2 (℃) and held for 1 hour. The reaction was monitored by measuring the reduction of the Si-H band at 2173 cm-1 in the FT-IR. Upon achieving > 95%conversion of SiH groups, the resulting mixture was heated up to a temperature of T3 (℃) and stripped for 4 hours according to the General Stripping Process described above. Then the obtained mixture was cooled down and filtered with a filter bag to obtain a liquid product.
[0134] General Procedure II for Preparation of IEs 1-12
[0135] In a four-neck round bottomed flask, W1 (g) of a SiH silicone oil ( “M1” ) and W2 (g) of a vinyl functional compound ( “M2” ) were loaded under N2 atmosphere and mixed using mechanical stirrer bar for 10 minutes. Then, the resulting mixture was heated up the mixture to a temperature of T1 (℃) , followed by loading W3 (ppm) of Diluted Karstedt's Catalyst ( “M3” ) , in mass units as platinum metal in the reaction mixture. After the exothermic reaction was over, the reaction mixture was heated up to a temperature of T2 (℃) and held for 1 hour. The reaction was monitored by measuring the reduction of the Si-H band at 2173 cm-1 in the FT-IR. Upon achieving >95%conversion of SiH groups, W4 (microliter (μL) ) of 1%Thiuram Disulfide ( “M4” ) diluted in dichloromethane was added and stirred at a temperature of T4 (℃) for another 0.5 hour. After that, the resulting mixture was heated up to a temperature of T3 (℃) and stripped for 4 hours according to the General Stripping Process described above, and then cooled down and filtered with a 1 micrometer (μm) cartridge bag to obtain a liquid product, which contains a platinum (II) dithiocarbamate complex.
[0136] All the obtained liquid products were characterized for a platinum (II) dithiocarbamate complex according to the LC-MS Analysis described above, the final Pt content according to the Pt Content Measurement, and Pt / Co Chroma according to the Color Measurement described above. Characterization results are given in Table 3.
[0137] As shown in Table 3, the obtained liquid products for all IEs 1-12 samples contained the platinum (II) dithiocarbamate complex 1 or 2 as confirmed by the LC-MS Analysis. “Final Pt content” refers to the Pt content of the obtained product and reported in ppm relative to the weight of the product. When the specific thiuram disulfide was added to the reactants (including SiH Silicone oil 1, Olefin, and Karstedt's catalyst) at the end of the reaction and before stripping, the resulting compositions of IEs 1 and 2 showed significantly reduced color than the composition prepared by CE-Aprocess without using any thiuram disulfide. When the specific thiuram disulfide was added to the reactants (including SiH Silicone oil 3, Olefin, and Karstedt's catalyst) at the end of the reaction and before stripping, the resulting compositions of IEs 3-6 showed significantly reduced color than the composition prepared by CE-B process without using any thiuram disulfide. When the specific thiuram disulfide was added to the reactants (including SiH Silicone Oil 3, Allyl Polyether 1 and Karstedt's catalyst) at the end of the reaction and before stripping, the resulting compositions of IEs 7 and 8 showed significantly reduced color than the composition prepared by CE-C process without using any thiuram disulfide. When the specific thiuram disulfide was added to the reactants (including SiH Silicone Oil 4, Allyl Polyether 2 and Karstedt's catalyst) at the end of the reaction and before stripping, the resulting compositions of IEs 9 and 10 showed significantly reduced color than the composition prepared by CE-D process without using the thiuram disulfide. When the specific thiuram disulfide was added to the reactants (including SiH Silicone Oil 2, Vinyl Silicone Polymer, and Karstedt's catalyst) at the end of the reaction and before stripping, the resulting compositions of IEs 11 and 12 showed significantly reduced color than the composition prepared by CE-E process without using any thiuram disulfide.
[0138] After aging some of the samples at 50 ℃ for 3 months, Pt / Co Chroma values of CE-Aand CE-B samples increased from about 100 to about 300, while IEs 1-4 samples showed no significant color change. Particularly, after the aging, IEs 1 and 3 prepared with Thiuram Disulfide 1 even maintained the Pt / Co Chroma values of 10 or less.
[0139] Table 3 Characterization of Preparation Process and Product
[0140] [Corrected under Rule 26, 22.10.2024]Platinum (II) dithiocarbamate complex 1 has the structure of formula (E) , where RH, RN, RJ and RK are each methyl. Platinum (II) dithiocarbamate complex 2 has the structure of formula (E) , where RH, RN, RJ and RK are each butyl. NA -not applicable. NT -not tested.
Claims
1.A process for preparing a liquid silicone composition comprising a linear organopolysiloxane, comprising the steps of:(a) combining (A) a polyorganohydrogensiloxane having an average of one or more SiH groups per molecule, (B) an alkenyl-functional compound having an average of one or more alkenyl groups, and (C) a platinum (0) complex catalyst together to form a reaction mixture; provided that, if the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) contains more than one SiH group, the alkenyl-functional compound (B) contains one alkenyl group;wherein the alkenyl-functional compound (B) is selected from (B1) an alpha-olefin, (B2) an allyl-terminated polyether, (B3) a linear alkenyl-functional polydiorganosiloxane, (B4) an alkenyl silane, or mixtures thereof; andwherein the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) is in an amount sufficient to provide a molar ratio of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms from the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) to alkenyl groups from the alkenyl-functional compound (B) in a range of 0.5 to 1;(b) reacting the reaction mixture obtained from step (a) under conditions such that at least part of the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) and at least part of the alkenyl-functional compound (B) react to form the linear organopolysiloxane; and(c) upon conversion of greater than 95% of the SiH groups of the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) , combining the reaction mixture obtained from step (b) with a thiuram disulfide compound to obtain the liquid silicone composition; wherein the thiuram disulfide compound has formula (D) :where RH, RN, RJ, and RK are each independently selected from a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a heteroatom-containing monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or combinations thereof; RH and RN groups may combine to form one or more carbocyclic groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms; and RJ and RK groups may combine to form one or more carbocyclic groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms; andwherein the thiuram disulfide compound added is in an amount such that the molar equivalent ratio of the thiuram disulfide compound to platinum in the platinum (0) complex catalyst is 0.7 or higher.2.The process of claim 1, further comprising: step (d) stripping volatiles from the composition obtained from step (c) at a temperature in a range of 120 to 180 ℃, and optionally, step (e) filtering the composition obtained from step (d) to remove a precipitate.3.The process of claim 1 or 2, wherein the molar equivalent ratio of the thiuram disulfide compound to platinum in the platinum (0) complex catalyst is in a range of 1 to 100.4.The process of any one of claims 1-3, where, in step (b) , reacting the reaction mixture is conducted at a temperature of 60 to 80 ℃.5.The process of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the thiuram disulfide compound is selected from tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide, tetra (iso-propyl) thiuram disulfide, tetra (n-butyl) thiuram disulfide, tetra (iso-butyl) thiuram disulfide, or mixtures thereof.6.The process of any one of claims 1-5, where, in step (c) , combining the reaction mixture with the thiuram disulfide compound is conducted at a temperature of 60 to 80 ℃ for at least 0.5 hour.7.The process of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the platinum (0) complex catalyst is Karstedt’s catalyst.8.The process of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) comprises an organopolysiloxane having the chemical structure of formula (A-1) , of formula (A-2) , of formula (A-3) , of formula (A-4) , or combinations thereof: HRA2Si (OSiMe2) a (OSiRARB) bOSiRA2H (A-1) , HRA2Si (OSiMe2) a (OSiRARB) bOSiRA2RC (A-2) , HRA2Si (OSiMe2) a (OSiRARB) b (CH2) cSi (ORD) 3 (A-3) , RA3Si (OSiMe2) a (OSiRAH) b’OSiRA3 (A-4) , where “Me” refers to a methyl group, a is a range of 0 to 200; b is in a range of 0 to 200; b’ is in a range of 1 to 200; c is in a range of 2 to 20; each RA is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; each RB is independently H, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or combinations thereof; provided that RA and RB are not methyl groups at the same time; RC is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and each RD is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;wherein the alpha-olefin (B1) comprises an alpha-olefin of formula (B1-1) , of formula (B1-2) , or combinations thereof:CH2=C (RE) RF (B1-1) ,CH2=C (RE) -RF’- (RE) C=CH2 (B1-2) ,where RE and RF are each independently selected from H or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and RF’ is a bivalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;wherein the allyl-terminated polyether (B2) has the chemical structure of formula (B2-1) :CH2=C (RE) CH2 (OCH2CH (CH3) ) d (OCH2CH2) eORG (B2-1) ,where RE is H or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; RG is H, an acetyl group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; d is in a range of 0 to 200, e is in a range of 0 to 200, provided that (d+e) > 0;wherein the linear alkenyl-functional polydiorganosiloxane (B3) comprises a polydiorganosiloxane having the chemical structure of formula (B3-1) , of formula (B3-2) , of formula (B3-3) , or combinations thereof:ViRA2Si (OSiMe2) a (OSiRARL) bOSiRA2Vi (B3-1) ,ViRA2Si (OSiMe2) a (OSiRARL) bOSiRA2RC (B3-2) ,RA3Si (OSiMe2) a (OSiRAVi) b’OSiRA3 (B3-3) ,where “Me” refers to a methyl group, “Vi” refers to a vinyl group, a is a range of 0 to 200, b is in a range of 0 to 200, b’ is in a range of 1 to 200, each RA is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, RC is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and each RL is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; provided that RA and RL are not methyl groups at the same time; andwherein the alkenyl silane (B4) comprises an alkenyl silane having the chemical structure of formula (B4-1) : CH2=C (RE) - (CH2) p-SiRMq (ORD) 3-q (B4-1) ,where RE is H or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, each RM and RD are independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, p is in a range of 0 to 20, and q is in a range of 0 to 3.9.The process of claim 8, wherein the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) and the alkenyl-functional compound (B) meet one of the following sets of conditions:(1) if the alkenyl-functional compound (B) is selected from the alpha-olefin of formula (B1-1) , the allyl-terminated polyether of formula (B2-1) , the linear alkenyl-functional polydiorganosiloxane of formula (B3-2) , or mixtures thereof; the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) comprises the polyorganohydrogensiloxane of formula (A-1) , of formula (A-3) , of formula (A-4) , or combinations thereof; or(2) if the alkenyl-functional compound (B) comprises the linear alkenyl-functional polydiorganosiloxane of formula (B3-1) , of formula (B3-3) , or combinations thereof; the polyorganohydrogensiloxane (A) is selected from the polyorganohydrogensiloxane of formula (A-2) , provided that RB is not H; the polyorganohydrogensiloxane of formula (A-3) , provided that RB is not H; or combinations thereof.10.A non-curable liquid silicone composition comprising:(i) a linear organopolysiloxane of chemical formula (L) :where m and n are each independently in a range of 0 to 200, provided that m and n are not 0 at the same time; each R1 and R3 are independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and each R2 and R4 are independently selected from a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, - (CH2) 2-RA2Si (OSiMe2) a (OSiRARL) b (CH2) cSi (ORD) 3, - (CH2) 2- (OSiMe2) a- (OSiRARL) bOSiRA2RC, -CH2-C (RE) CH2 (OCH2CH (CH3) ) d (OCH2CH2) eORG, or -CH2-C (RE) - (CH2) p-SiRMq (ORD) 3-q; each R5 is independently selected from a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, - (CH2) 2-RA2Si (OSiMe2) a (OSiRARL) b (CH2) cSi (ORD) 3, - (CH2) 2- (OSiMe2) a- (OSiRARL) bOSiRA2RC, -CH2-C (RE) CH2 (OCH2CH (CH3) ) d (OCH2CH2) eORG, or -CH2-C (RE) - (CH2) p-SiRMq (ORD) 3-q; where “Me” refers to a methyl group, a is a range of 0 to 200; b is in a range of 0 to 200; c is in a range of 2 to 20; each RA is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; each RD is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; each RL is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, provided that RA and RL are not methyl groups at the same time; RC is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; RE is H or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; RG is H, an acetyl group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; d is in a range of 0 to 200, e is in a range of 0 to 200, provided that (d+e) > 0; each RM is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; p is in a range of 0 to 20; and q is in a range of 0 to 3; provided that at most two of R2, R4, and R5 are alkenyl groups;(ii) a platinum (II) dithiocarbamate complex of formula (E) :where RH, RN, RJ, and RK are each independently selected from a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a heteroatom-containing monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or combinations thereof; RH and RN groups may combine to form one or more carbocyclic groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms; and RJ and RK groups may combine to form one or more carbocyclic groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms; and optionally,(iii) a thiuram disulfide compound of formula (D) :where RH, RN, RJ, and RK are each independently selected from a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a heteroatom-containing monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or combinations thereof; RH and RN groups may combine to form one or more carbocyclic groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms; and RJ and RK groups may combine to form one or more carbocyclic groups having 4 to 20 carbon atoms.11.An immersion cooling liquid comprising the non-curable liquid silicone composition of claim 10.
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