Refrigeration method and apparatus

Abstract

Provided are a refrigeration method and apparatus. In the refrigeration method, water is vaporized in vaporization tubes (4, 5, 6, 7, 8) under the combined action of a negative pressure, an airflow and a filler, and during vaporization, the water absorbs vaporization heat and reduces the temperature so as to obtain cold energy. The cold energy is used for various refrigeration scenarios and facilities, or for air conditioning. A compressor is not required, and various existing refrigerants such as chlorofluorocarbons, alkanes and liquid ammonia are not required. The refrigeration effect is good, the manufacturing process is simple, the costs are low, the efficiency is high, and the usage is safe, economical and environmentally friendly.

Description

Refrigeration method and apparatus TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of refrigeration, and particularly relates to a refrigeration method and apparatus. BACKGROUND

[0002] It is generally considered that the development of refrigerants has experienced four generations of replacement. The first generation of refrigerants is characterized by easy availability, and most of the refrigerants are some common solvents and other volatile working substances, such as rubber vulcanizates, diethyl ether, carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Almost all the first generation of refrigerants are toxic or flammable, or have strong corrosiveness and instability, which are prone to cause accidents. The research and development of the second generation of refrigerants opened the curtain of the development of artificially synthesized refrigerants. In the 1930s, the advent of CFCs and HFCs enabled the chemical to be widely used in the refrigerant industry, and also enabled the refrigeration technology to develop rapidly. They are chlorofluorocarbons, and the characteristics of this generation of refrigerants are safety, stability and high efficiency. In the 1970s, scientists discovered that the chlorine atoms in chlorohalocarbons had a huge destructive effect on the ozone layer, which attracted the attention of the international community to the atmospheric environment, and began to control the output and consumption of HFCs and HCFCs. The elimination of HFCs and HCFCs promoted the emergence of the third generation of refrigerants to protect the ozone layer, which are hydrogen fluorocarbons without chlorine elements, such as HFC-134a, HFC-125, etc. This kind of refrigerant has the characteristics of not destroying the ozone layer, non-toxic, stable, etc., and the disadvantage is that it still does not fully meet the requirements of ideal refrigerants in ODP, GWP, flammability, toxicity and other four aspects, and it is difficult to achieve the thermal performance of the original CFCs or HCFCs. The fourth generation of refrigerants is proposed to cope with the environmental problems and climate change, and to prohibit the use and emission of hydrogen fluorocarbons with a greenhouse effect potential greater than 150.

[0003] However, so far, none of the green refrigerants developed can completely meet the requirements of ideal refrigerants in several aspects, which prompts people to pay attention to and study the use of environmentally friendly mixed working medium to replace the existing refrigerants, and to conduct in-depth research on the mixed working medium.

[0004] Research progress of the fourth generation of refrigerants

[0005] In recent years, a number of research institutions and companies worldwide have been developing and evaluating alternative refrigerants, and have made some important achievements. Three new working medium replacement routes with application value are proposed: the first is to develop unsaturated fluorinated olefin refrigerants; the second is to use natural refrigerants; and the third is to develop mixed refrigerant working fluids. The advantages of unsaturated fluorinated olefins (HFOs) are ODP value of 0, lower GWP, and non-toxicity, but the disadvantages are that most of them have weak flammability and are currently relatively expensive. In terms of refrigeration performance, the single working fluid HFOs have small volumetric refrigeration capacity and low system application performance coefficient COP. The thermal stability, material compatibility, temperature glide, and other issues of HFOs need to be considered when they are applied. Currently, the research focus of HFOs is mainly on tetrafluoropropylene (HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze), and they are only applied in air conditioning systems that replace HFC-134a. New refrigeration systems need to be developed to replace HCFC-22 on a large scale. HFO-1234yf has the chemical formula CF3CF=CF2 and good environmental performance as a refrigerant. It has an ODP value of 0, a lower GWP value, a lower carbon emission throughout the life cycle, low toxicity, and certain flammability (controllable). Its thermodynamic performance is similar to that of HFC-134a. However, compared with HCFC-123H and HFC-134a refrigeration systems, it has lower energy efficiency. HFO-1234yf has been applied in automotive air conditioners and most refrigeration systems that use HFC-134a. HFO-1234ze has the chemical formula CF3CH=CHF and also has good environmental performance as a refrigerant. It has an ODP value of 0, a lower GWP value, very low toxicity, and almost no flammability.

[0006] Natural refrigerants

[0007] The natural refrigerants with application value are ammonia (R717), carbon dioxide (R744), propane (HC-290), and butane (HC-600), among which the alkane refrigerants (HCs) have been widely used in freezers and household refrigerators. Liquid carbon dioxide (R744) has excellent environmental performance and is the research focus of the fourth generation of refrigerant replacement technology. Because the saturation vapor pressure of CO2 is relatively high, the refrigeration system needs to operate under high pressure conditions, and CO2 needs to be used in transcritical cycles. Compared with compressors using ordinary refrigerants, CO2 refrigeration systems have high operating pressure, large pressure difference, small pressure ratio, difficult control of the gap between moving parts, and difficult lubrication, etc. Therefore, the development of compressors is a difficulty that restricts the development of CO2 refrigerant replacement technology.

[0008] Ammonia (R717) is widely used in refrigeration and industrial applications, and is efficient, with performance comparable to HCFC-22. However, it is flammable, explosive and toxic, and is restricted in building air conditioning. If the sealing and explosion-proof problems can be solved, ammonia will be the best substitute for HCFC-22 in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.

[0009] Alkane (HC) refrigerants do not contain fluorine and chlorine atoms, have an ODP value of 0, a low GWP value, are non-toxic, and have high theoretical refrigeration efficiency, with good environmental protection characteristics. The disadvantages are strong flammability. The most widely used alkane refrigerant is propane and isobutane. Propane (HC-290) has an ODP value of zero and a GWP value of 20 compared to HCFC-22. In terms of refrigeration efficiency, the cycle mass flow of HC-290 is about 40% smaller than that of HCFC-22, and the heat exchange temperature difference is smaller and the heat exchange coefficient is higher. HC-290 has excellent performance and can be widely used in air conditioning, heat pumps, refrigeration and other fields. The only disadvantage is flammability, which needs to be ensured by technical means. The research focus is on reducing system charge and safety. The promotion and use of HC-290 may still need an adaptation process in the short term, but the application prospect is very broad.

[0010] Isobutane (HC-600) has similar physical properties to HCFC-12 and has been used as a replacement refrigerant for HCFC-12 and HCFC-123a in refrigerators. Due to the influence of HC-600a on the viscosity and foam properties of lubricating oil, it hinders the formation of sintered iron surface oxide layer of the friction pair, increasing the bearing friction.

[0011] Mixed refrigerant

[0012] Mixed refrigerant is a mixture of two or more pure working fluids in a certain proportion. According to whether it has azeotropic properties, it is divided into azeotropic mixed working fluid and non-azeotropic mixed working fluid. As early as the third generation of refrigerants, the international community has adopted a mixed refrigerant replacement scheme. A typical application case is R500 mixed refrigerant (CFC-12 / HFC-152a azeotropic refrigerant), which was used in refrigerators and freezers in 1956. However, due to its high ODP value, it was discontinued after 1990. The current research focus of mixed refrigerants is HFCs mixed refrigerants and HFOs mixed refrigerants.

[0013] HFCs mixed refrigerant

[0014] HFCs mixed refrigerant is the most mature mixed refrigerant at present. DuPont and ICI have developed more than ten series of products, which have excellent refrigeration effect, but high GWP value. Commonly used mixed refrigerants mainly include HFC-410A and HFC-407C. HFC-410A is a binary near-azeotropic mixture of HFC-32 / HFC-125, which has zero ODP value, excellent heat transfer characteristics and flow characteristics. HFC-125 can improve the flammability and high pressure of HFC-32, and is almost non-flammable with small temperature glide. However, the discharge pressure and volume refrigerating capacity are much larger than those of HCFC-22, which cannot be directly charged, and the compressor and main components need to be redesigned when used. In the modification of existing systems, R407C is usually used. HFC-07C is a ternary mixture of HFC-2 / HFC-25 / HFC-34a, which has zero ODP value. Its main advantages are that the energy efficiency ratio and pressure ratio (ratio of total pressure at compressor outlet to total pressure at inlet) are close to HCFC-2, and it can be directly charged. The main disadvantage is that the composition will change when the system leaks, which will affect the system maintenance and performance. The disadvantage of HFC-07C is poor heat transfer characteristics, and the GWP value is as high as 1500 or more, which has a great impact on the greenhouse effect. The mixed refrigerant HFC-52a / HCFC-22 developed in China has low greenhouse effect, high energy-saving performance and high safety. Its biggest advantage is low modification cost, and domestic enterprises can realize the refrigeration equipment of new refrigerant by slightly modifying the original production line. However, its main component still contains HCFC-2, which has high ODP value. Influenced by ODP value, it is gradually replaced by environmentally friendly refrigerant. HFC-2 / HFC-34a is a non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant. When condensing or evaporating at constant pressure, the temperature will shift. When the mixture composition is 25:75 (molar ratio) and the pressure is 500 KPa, the bubble point temperature glide value is 7.3°C; and when the pressure is 2000 KPa, the dew point temperature glide value is 5.8°C. By using this characteristic for non-isothermal heat transfer, the heat transfer efficiency and cycle efficiency can be improved by correctly arranging the flow direction of fluid in the evaporator and condenser pipes.

[0015] HFC-52a / HFC-25 is a near-azeotropic mixed refrigerant, and the vapor pressure curve of the mixed refrigerant is similar to that of HCFC-2. The defect of HFC-152a is flammability, which can be inhibited by adding a certain amount of non-flammable HFC-125. Although HFC-125 has high GWP value, the GWP value of HFC-152a is about 0, and when the mixture reaches a proper proportion, the GWP value of the mixture will be reduced to a satisfactory level. Based on the high GWP value of HFCs mixed refrigerant, it can only be used as a transitional temporary substitute due to the constraint of greenhouse effect.

[0016] HFOs mixed refrigerant

[0017] HFOs mixed refrigerant is a new type of refrigerant developed with both environmental protection and refrigeration performance in mind. At present, HFOs mixed refrigerant can be divided into binary mixture, ternary mixture and multi-component mixture refrigerant. The binary mixed refrigerant mainly includes: HFO-1234yf / HFC-32, HFO-1234yf / HFC1234a, HFO-1234ze / HFC-32, HFO-1234ze / HFC1234a. The ternary mixed refrigerant includes: HFO-1234yf / HFC-32 / HFC1234a, HFO-1234ze / HFC-32 / HFC134a.

[0018] In summary, the problem of HCFC-22 refrigerant replacement has not been completely solved. Natural refrigerants, especially R744 and HC-290, will be ideal refrigerants after solving the mechanical problems such as compressor sealing. However, the solution of the above problems still needs time and continuous breakthrough in technology, and mixed working medium refrigerant is a better choice with broad development and application prospects.

[0019] HFCs mixed refrigerant belongs to one of the six major greenhouse gases listed in the Kyoto Protocol, which should be implemented to reduce emissions, because of its high GWP value. It can only be used as a transitional refrigerant. The mixed refrigerant composed of HFOs and HFCs can not only reduce the flammability of HFOs, but also improve the refrigeration efficiency of HFOs, and effectively reduce the GWP value of HFCs, which has the potential to further be used as a replacement refrigerant. In addition, the flammability of HCs hinders their separate application, while the mixed working medium composed of HFCs and HCs can not only reduce the flammability of HCs, but also improve the poor miscibility of HFCs with mineral refrigeration oil, and the GWP value of the mixture is lower than that of HFCs, which also has good replacement potential.

[0020] The air conditioning refrigerants currently used at home and abroad are chlorofluorocarbons, which contain chlorine elements that not only destroy the ozone layer but also are strong greenhouse gases. Although the more advanced fluorine-containing refrigerants are harmless to the ozone layer, their GWP is still very high and they are strong greenhouse gases. In summary, there is no refrigerant and refrigeration technology that meets the requirements of performance, environmental protection, etc. With the implementation of climate change treaties such as the Paris Agreement and the Kigali Agreement, chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants with high ODP and GWP values will eventually be completely banned from production and sale, and relatively environmentally friendly alkanes and liquid ammonia refrigerants also have many problems due to flammability or other factors. Therefore, it is a world problem that needs to be solved urgently in the air conditioning industry to research and find refrigeration technology that can meet the refrigeration requirements and is environmentally friendly and safe, and long-term research work needs to be carried out. SUMMARY

[0021] The purpose of the present application is to provide a refrigeration method, i.e. using the combined action of negative pressure, air flow and filler, water is vaporized to absorb heat and thus reduce temperature to obtain cold energy; the present application also provides a refrigeration device for realizing the refrigeration method.

[0022] The refrigeration method of the present application comprises a vaporization tube, water in the vaporization tube is vaporized under the combined action of negative pressure, air flow and filler, during the vaporization process, water absorbs heat and thus reduces temperature to obtain cold energy for refrigeration.

[0023] Wherein:

[0024] Preferably, the vaporization tube with cold energy is equipped with cooling fins and fans for refrigeration facility manufacturing; or the vaporization tube with cold energy is placed in an underground site for refrigeration; or the cold energy is used for refrigeration facility after heat exchange through a heat exchanger.

[0025] Preferably, the installation of cooling fins and fans on the vaporization tube shell can be used for manufacturing air conditioners, and the cold energy can also be used for manufacturing other refrigeration devices or facilities.

[0026] Preferably, the filler material is metal or non-metal, and the filler is filled in the vaporization tube; the vaporization tube material is metal or non-metal; the vaporization tube arrangement is single tube, double tube, multiple tube series connection or multiple tube parallel connection; the overall shape of the vaporization tube is straight pipe, spiral pipe or serpentine pipe, etc.; the vaporization tube adopts vertical, parallel or inclined installation mode; the top end of the vaporization tube is a head structure or a flat structure; the cross-sectional shape of the vaporization tube is circular or polygonal, and the polygonal shape includes triangular, quadrilateral, pentagonal or hexagonal, etc., preferably circular.

[0027] Preferably, the cross-sectional area of the vaporization tube is 1-3000 square centimeters, preferably 1-1500 square centimeters, more preferably 1-500 square centimeters; the wall thickness of the vaporization tube is 0.5-10 millimeters, preferably 0.5-8 millimeters, more preferably 0.5-5 millimeters, most preferably 0.5-4 millimeters; the inner diameter of the vaporization tube is 5-1000 millimeters, preferably 5-500 millimeters, more preferably 5-200 millimeters, most preferably 5-50 millimeters; the length of the vaporization tube is 100-50000 millimeters, preferably 100-30000 millimeters, more preferably 100-10000 millimeters, most preferably 100-5000 millimeters.

[0028] The material of the vaporization tube is red copper, brass, stainless steel, glass, ceramic, quartz, red copper, aluminum alloy, bronze, titanium material, engineering plastic, polyethylene, polypropylene or epoxy resin, etc., preferably stainless steel, red copper, more preferably red copper.

[0029] Preferably, the filler is bulk filler, structured filler or filamentous filler.

[0030] The bulk filler includes one or more of Zeta ring, expanded hole, Pall ring, Raschig ring, stepped ring, Taylor ring, environmental protection ball, multi-faceted hollow ball, high-flow ring, square saddle ring, different saddle ring, conjugate ring, snowflake ring, hollow floating ball, liquid surface covering ball, Hail ring or thorn ring, etc. Preferably, the bulk filler is Zeta ring, and the filler model is Φ1-10mm×1-10mm, preferably Φ1-6mm×1-6mm, more preferably Φ1.5-4.5mm×1.5-4.5mm, and most preferably Φ2-4mm×2-4mm;

[0031] The structured packing includes one or more of silk screen corrugation, mesh corrugation, hole plate corrugation or expanded hole plate corrugation, etc.

[0032] The filamentous filler includes one or more of spherical, irregular silk screen, disordered arrangement of metal wire or non-metal wire.

[0033] The filler material is metal material or non-metal material, the metal material is one or more of stainless steel, duplex steel, titanium steel, red copper, brass, etc., aluminum, pure titanium, molybdenum titanium, monel, hastelloy, inconel, copper-nickel alloy wire or nickel alloy, etc. The model of stainless steel is 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 310 / 310S, 321 or 2250 / 2507, etc. The non-metal material is one or more of glass, ceramic, carbon fiber or special plastic, etc.

[0034] The specific surface area of the filler is 100-5000m 2 / m 3 , preferably 100-4000m 2 / m 3 , more preferably 100-3000m 2 / m 3 , and most preferably 100-2000m 2 / m 3 .

[0035] Preferably, the water is one or more of tap water, pure water or deionized water; one or more of antifreeze, scale inhibitor or wetting agent is added to the water; the antifreeze includes one or more of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and the addition amount is 0-40% of the mass of the water; the scale inhibitor includes one or more of benzotriazole sodium, phosphate, polyphosphoric acid or sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and the addition amount is 0-5% of the mass of the water; the wetting agent includes one or more of glycerol, phosphate salt, sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol, polyoxyethylene ether or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and the addition amount is 0-5% of the mass of the water;

[0036] The gas flow includes one or more of air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium or water vapor, and can also be other inert gases; preferably air; and the negative pressure is from a vacuum pump.

[0037] Preferably, the negative pressure of the refrigeration process is realized by a vacuum pump, which is one or more of a dry screw vacuum pump, a claw vacuum pump, a dry scroll vacuum pump, a Roots vacuum pump, a turbo vacuum pump, a water ring vacuum pump, a piston vacuum pump, a rotary vane vacuum pump, an oil-free reciprocating vacuum pump, a Roots vacuum pump, a molecular vacuum pump or a composite vacuum pump, and the vacuum degree is 1-20000 Pa, preferably 1-10000 Pa, more preferably 1-5000 Pa, and most preferably 1-1000 Pa.

[0038] Preferably, the vaporization pipes are respectively connected to a chilled water storage tank, a buffer tank, a water inlet pipeline and an air inlet pipeline, the chilled water storage tank is connected to a water storage tank, the buffer tank is connected to a vacuum pump and the water storage tank, the water storage tank is connected to a water pipe, and the chilled water storage tank and the heat exchanger form a circulation loop.

[0039] Preferably, the vaporization pipes are connected in series as vaporization pipe one, vaporization pipe two, vaporization pipe three, vaporization pipe four and vaporization pipe five in sequence; the vaporization pipe one is connected to the chilled water storage tank, the vaporization pipe four and the vaporization pipe five are connected to the air inlet pipeline one, the vaporization pipe three and the vaporization pipe four are connected to the water inlet pipeline one, the chilled water storage tank is connected to the water inlet pipeline two, the air inlet pipeline two and the drainage pipeline, the water storage tank is connected to the exhaust pipeline, the water pipe and the drainage pipeline, the water inlet pipeline one and the water inlet pipeline two are both connected to the drainage pipeline; the buffer tank is connected to the vacuum pump through a vacuum valve, the exhaust pipeline of the vacuum pump is connected to the water storage tank through a cooler; and the chilled water storage tank, the circulating water pump and the heat exchanger form a circulation loop.

[0040] Preferably, the water storage tank and the chilled water storage tank are both square, circular or elliptical in cross section, and are made of metal or non-metal, and have a volume of 0.005-10000 cubic meters; the water storage tank and the chilled water storage tank are both provided with an automatic water level detector for detecting the water level, and an electromagnetic valve is started according to the water level to pour water into the water storage tank and the chilled water storage tank.

[0041] Preferably, the vaporized water vapor is discharged into the cooler by the vacuum pump, the cooler is provided with a filler, and the water vapor is condensed into liquid after passing through the filler under normal pressure to return to the water storage tank for repeated use, forming a closed cycle.

[0042] Preferably, the refrigeration method comprises the following steps:

[0043] S1, vacuumizing and adjusting the gas flow to a vacuum degree of 1-20000 Pa, preferably 1-10000 Pa, and more preferably 1-5000 Pa;

[0044] S2, introducing water and gas flow;

[0045] S3, water is vaporized and absorbs heat under the action of negative pressure, air flow and filler, the temperature of the whole system is reduced, the vaporized water is absorbed by vacuum and reused, and cold energy is obtained for refrigeration.

[0046] Preferably, the refrigeration method comprises the following steps:

[0047] S1, vacuumizing, adjusting the air flow to 1-20000 Pa, preferably 1-10000 Pa, more preferably 1-5000 Pa;

[0048] S2, introducing water and air flow;

[0049] S3, water is distributed to the chilled water storage tank and the surface of the vaporization pipe under the action of negative pressure, air flow and filler, water is vaporized and absorbs heat under the action of air flow, the temperature of the whole system is reduced, the vaporized water is discharged to the water storage tank through the condenser by the vacuum pump and is absorbed for reuse.

[0050] Preferably, a refrigeration device is obtained by the refrigeration method.

[0051] In order to prevent water from freezing, antifreeze such as ethylene glycol can be added to the water. In fact, the possibility of water freezing during the use of air conditioner in summer is very small, because the water is circulated. For general central air conditioner, the temperature of chilled water is generally between 5-15℃, so in most cases, antifreeze is not needed. However, when other refrigeration facilities are prepared by using the invention, for example, when the temperature needs to reach below-5℃, it is necessary to add antifreeze.

[0052] The materials and sizes used in the invention are examples of the invention and should not limit the invention. The core of the invention is that water is vaporized and absorbs heat under the action of negative pressure, filler and air flow, thereby reducing the temperature and obtaining cold energy.

[0053] The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

[0054] At present, the prior art is only to add filler to the heat preservation vaporization tank to improve the vaporization speed of water and obtain low temperature chilled water. The invention further improves the vaporization speed of water by inputting air flow, shortens the time of reducing the temperature of water from room temperature to-5℃ to within 5 minutes, greatly improves the vaporization speed of water and the refrigeration efficiency.

[0055] The present application utilizes the basic principle that water can be vaporized under high vacuum state, and further improves the vaporization speed of water by inputting air flow, designs vaporization pipe, frozen water storage tank and other equipment, fills the vaporization pipe with packing with large specific surface area, and water is added from the top of the vaporization pipe to the vaporization pipe with relatively small volume, large specific surface area, large evaporation area and large vaporization capacity, and water is quickly vaporized under the action of negative pressure and air flow, absorbs vaporization heat to reduce the temperature of the vaporization pipe, and obtains cold energy. Therefore, a relatively small volume of vaporization pipe is equivalent to a high-efficiency refrigeration machine, which can reduce the temperature of water to below-15 DEG C or lower temperature to obtain cold energy for refrigeration. The new type of air conditioner, central air conditioner and other refrigeration devices prepared according to the method of the present application do not need compressor, fluorocarbon, alkane, liquid ammonia and other existing refrigerants, and are green, environmentally friendly, safe, convenient, energy-saving.

[0056] The present application is based on the principle that water is quickly vaporized and absorbs heat to reduce the temperature of the system under the combined action of negative pressure, vaporization pipe, packing and air flow without providing heat, and is used for preparing environmentally friendly, low energy consumption, safe and stable refrigeration devices, and the purpose is to replace various chlorofluorocarbons, alkanes and liquid ammonia and other existing refrigerants. The use of the present application to prepare air conditioners will not need compressor, but will use vacuum pump, which is completely different from the prior art, and will completely change the refrigeration technology route and the development direction of air conditioning industry, and will have a great influence on the development of world air conditioning industry.

[0057] The present application utilizes the property that water is quickly vaporized and absorbs heat under the combined action of negative pressure, vaporization pipe, packing and air flow, designs vaporization pipe and related devices, so that water is quickly vaporized in a small volume and high vaporization efficiency system, water is quickly vaporized and quickly absorbs heat to reduce the temperature of water to obtain cold energy, and thus obtains the cold energy used in various refrigeration devices.

[0058] As known, under the same conditions, the larger the evaporation area, the larger the evaporation amount, and the evaporation speed is further increased after the introduction of air flow, and it can be predicted that the evaporation area can be greatly increased in a small volume and small cross-sectional area space to increase the evaporation amount. Therefore, the present application designs a refrigeration device filled with packing, the specific surface area of the packing is large, the evaporation area is large, and the evaporation area of water is increased by adding packing to increase the evaporation amount per unit volume. The high-efficiency vaporization device designed in such a design idea has a volume of only dozens of liters, and the cross-sectional area is less than 0.1 square meters. Because of the packing, the evaporation area reaches hundreds of square meters.

[0059] For example, a distillation kettle with a diameter of 1 meter, a height of 1.5 meters and a volume of 2.36 cubic meters, the calculation shows that its evaporation area is only 0.785 square meters, while the heat preservation gasifier designed in the application has a diameter of 0.2 meters, a height of 0.3 meters, and a volume of less than 0.01 cubic meters, and the specific surface area of the filled filler is 3000 square meters / cubic meter, the calculation shows that the evaporation area is up to 94 square meters, and the evaporation area of the high-efficiency heat preservation gasifier is 118 times that of the distillation kettle with a volume of 2.36 cubic meters. For a general distillation kettle with a diameter of 0.2 meters, the calculation shows that its evaporation area is only 0.031416 square meters, and the evaporation area of the high-efficiency heat preservation gasifier is 3000 times that of the general distillation kettle. The volume and cross-sectional area of the high-efficiency heat preservation gasifier are small, but the evaporation area is huge, when each piece of the filler surface is wetted by water, under the condition of high vacuum, water vaporizes on each piece of the filler surface, and water vaporizes on all the fillers uniformly distributed in the whole filler stack at the same time, which greatly improves the water vaporization amount. In the case that the environment does not provide vaporization heat, the vaporization heat can only be obtained by reducing the temperature of the water, so the temperature of the water can be quickly reduced to obtain cold energy. In short, when the environment does not provide heat energy, in a small space with small volume but huge evaporation area, water vaporizes quickly under the action of negative pressure, filler and high-speed gas flow, which can quickly reduce the temperature of the vaporization pipe to obtain cold energy, which is an important finding of the application.

[0060] In the application, the water adding speed is controlled to be equivalent to the water vaporization speed. If the water adding speed is too fast, the water will be filled between the fillers and even form a water column, which will greatly reduce the effect of the fillers and affect the vaporization efficiency. Therefore, controlling the water adding speed is very important to evenly distribute the water to the surface of the fillers, wet the surface of the fillers and obtain better vaporization efficiency.

[0061] The method of the application can be used to manufacture air conditioners, central air conditioners or other refrigeration devices, which only need water, vacuum pumps and the like, without the need for compressors, chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants, alkane refrigerants and liquid ammonia refrigerants, and is a completely environmentally friendly, safe and energy-saving revolutionary technology, which is of great significance to the protection of the environment and the implementation of the Paris Agreement and the Montreal Protocol. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0062] Fig. 1 is a structural schematic view of the device of the application;

[0063] Figure: 1, water storage tank; 2, chilled water storage tank; 3, buffer tank; 4, vaporization pipe one; 5, vaporization pipe two; 6, vaporization pipe three; 7, vaporization pipe four; 8, vaporization pipe five; 9, cooler; 10, circulating water pump; 11, vacuum pump; 12, heat exchanger; 13, water pipe; 14, water discharge pipeline; 15, water inlet pipeline one; 16, water inlet pipeline two; 17, air inlet pipeline two; 18, water discharge pipeline; 19, air inlet pipeline one; 20, vacuum valve; 21, exhaust pipe; 22, automatic water level detector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The present application will be described and explained in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] As shown in Figure 1, the refrigeration method described in the present application includes a vaporization pipe. Water in the vaporization pipe is vaporized under the combined action of negative pressure, air flow and filler. During the vaporization process, the water absorbs the vaporization heat and lowers the temperature to obtain cold energy, which is used for refrigeration.

[0067] Preferably, the vaporization pipe with cold energy is equipped with cooling fins and fans for refrigeration equipment manufacturing; or the vaporization pipe with cold energy is placed in an underground place for refrigeration; or the cold energy is used for refrigeration equipment after heat exchange through a heat exchanger.

[0068] Preferably, the filler material is metal or non-metal, and the filler is filled in the vaporization pipe; the vaporization pipe material is metal or non-metal; the vaporization pipe arrangement is single pipe, double pipe, multiple pipe series connection or multiple pipe parallel connection; the overall shape of the vaporization pipe is straight pipe, spiral pipe or serpentine pipe; the vaporization pipe adopts vertical, parallel or inclined installation mode; the cross-sectional shape of the vaporization pipe is circular or polygonal, and the polygonal shape includes one or more of triangle, quadrilateral, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon or octagon, preferably circular.

[0069] Preferably, the cross-sectional area of the vaporization pipe is 1-3000 square centimeters, preferably 1-1500 square centimeters, more preferably 1-500 square centimeters; the wall thickness of the vaporization pipe is 0.5-10 millimeters, preferably 0.5-8 millimeters, more preferably 0.5-5 millimeters, most preferably 0.5-4 millimeters. The diameter of the vaporization pipe is 5-1000 millimeters, preferably 5-500 millimeters, more preferably 5-200 millimeters, most preferably 5-50 millimeters. The length of the vaporization pipe is 100-50000 millimeters, preferably 100-30000 millimeters, more preferably 100-10000 millimeters, most preferably 100-5000 millimeters.

[0070] The material of the vaporization pipe is red copper, brass, stainless steel, glass, ceramic, quartz, aluminum alloy, bronze, titanium material, engineering plastic, polyethylene, polypropylene or epoxy resin, etc., preferably stainless steel.

[0071] The bottom of the vaporization tube is provided with a filamentous stainless steel mesh to prevent the filler from falling, or a perforated stainless steel plate, the shape of the holes being circular, triangular, square, hexagonal or the like, preferably circular, the hole diameter being less than the diameter of the filler, being 0.5-5 mm, preferably 0.5-4 mm, more preferably 0.5-3.5 mm; the thickness of the bottom perforated stainless steel plate being 1-3 mm, preferably 1-2 mm.

[0072] Preferably, the filler is bulk filler, structured filler or filamentous filler.

[0073] The bulk filler includes one or more of Ceta ring, pressed hole, Pall ring, Rasch ring, ladder ring, Taylor ring, environmental protection ball, multi-face hollow ball, high-flow ring, square saddle ring, different saddle ring, conjugate ring, snowflake ring, hollow floating ball, liquid surface covering ball, Haier ring or thorn ring and the like; preferably, the bulk filler is Ceta ring, the filler model being Φ1-10mm×1-10mm, preferably Φ1-6mm×1-6mm, more preferably Φ1.5-4.5mm×1.5-4.5mm, most preferably Φ2-4mm×2-4mm.

[0074] The structured filler includes one or more of filament mesh corrugation, mesh hole corrugation, hole plate corrugation or pressed hole plate corrugation and the like.

[0075] The filamentous filler includes spherical, irregular filament mesh, disordered arrangement of metal wire or non-metal wire.

[0076] The filler material is metal material or non-metal material, the metal material being one or more of stainless steel, duplex steel, titanium material steel, aluminum, pure titanium, molybdenum titanium, Monel, Hastelloy, Inconel, copper nickel alloy wire or nickel alloy and the like; the stainless steel model being 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 310 / 310S, 321 or 2250 / 2507 and the like; the non-metal material being one or more of glass, ceramic, carbon fiber or special plastic and the like.

[0077] The specific surface area of the filler is 100-5000 m 2 / m 3 , preferably 100-4000 m 2 / m 3 , more preferably 100-3000 m 2 / m 3 , most preferably 100-2000 m 2 / m 3 .

[0078] Preferably, the water is one or more of tap water, purified water or deionized water; one or more of an antifreeze, a scale inhibitor or a wetting agent is added to the water; the antifreeze is one or more of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine or triethanolamine, and is added in an amount of 0-40% by mass of the water; the scale inhibitor is one or more of benzotriazole sodium, a phosphate, polyphosphoric acid or sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and is added in an amount of 0-5% by mass of the water; the wetting agent is one or more of glycerol, a phosphate ester salt, a sulfonate salt, a polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol, a polyoxyethylene ether or a fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and is added in an amount of 0-5% by mass of the water;

[0079] The gas stream is one or more of air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium or water vapor.

[0080] The negative pressure is provided by a vacuum pump 11.

[0081] Preferably, the vaporization pipes are connected to the chilled water storage tank 2, the buffer tank 3, the water inlet pipe and the gas inlet pipe, respectively; the chilled water storage tank 2 is connected to the water storage tank 1; the buffer tank 3 is connected to the vacuum pump 11 and the water storage tank 1; the water storage tank 1 is connected to the water pipe 13; and the chilled water storage tank 2 and the heat exchanger 12 form a circulation loop.

[0082] Preferably, the vaporization pipes are connected in series as vaporization pipe one 4, vaporization pipe two 5, vaporization pipe three 6, vaporization pipe four 7 and vaporization pipe five 8 in that order; the vaporization pipe one 4 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 2; the vaporization pipe four 7 and the vaporization pipe five 8 are connected to the gas inlet pipe one 19; the vaporization pipe three 6 and the vaporization pipe four 7 are connected to the water inlet pipe one 15; the chilled water storage tank 2 is connected to the water inlet pipe two 16, the gas inlet pipe two 17 and the water outlet pipe 18; the water storage tank 1 is connected to the gas outlet pipe 21, the water pipe 13 and the water outlet pipe 14; the water inlet pipe one 15 and the water inlet pipe two 16 are both connected to the water outlet pipe 14; the buffer tank 3 is connected to the vacuum pump 11 via the vacuum valve 20; the gas outlet pipe of the vacuum pump 11 is connected to the water storage tank 1 via the cooler 9; and the chilled water storage tank 2, the circulation water pump 10 and the heat exchanger 12 form a circulation loop.

[0083] Preferably, the buffer tank 3 is connected to the vacuum pump 11 via the vacuum valve 20; the gas outlet pipe of the vacuum pump 11 is connected to the water storage tank 1 via the cooler 9; and the discharged water vapor is liquefied and absorbed in the cooler 9 for reuse.

[0084] Preferably, the water storage tank 1, the chilled water storage tank 2 are square, circular or oval in cross section, made of metal or non-metal, and have a volume of 0.005-10000 cubic meters; the water storage tank 1 and the chilled water storage tank 2 are each provided with an automatic water level detector 22 for detecting the water level, and an electromagnetic valve is activated according to the water level to pump water into the water storage tank 1 and the chilled water storage tank 2. The buffer tank 3 is in the shape of a cylindrical, triangular, quadrilateral, pentagonal or polygonal container, and has a volume of 5-500 liters.

[0085] Preferably, the water storage tank 1, the chilled water storage tank 2 and the buffer tank 3 are made of stainless steel, alloy steel, aluminum alloy, ceramic, glass, enamel glass, quartz, glass steel, plastic, etc., and are preferably made of stainless steel.

[0086] Preferably, the vaporization pipes 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are in the shape of a pipe with one end in the shape of a sphere or a flat top, or are vertically placed, horizontally placed or placed at other angles, and have a circular or polygonal cross section, and can be in any bendable shape such as straight, serpentine, curved or spiral.

[0087] The negative pressure state is achieved by a vacuum pump 11 connected to the buffer tank 3, which is one or more of a dry screw vacuum pump, a claw vacuum pump, a dry scroll vacuum pump, a Roots vacuum pump, a turbine vacuum pump, a water ring vacuum pump, a piston vacuum pump, a rotary vane vacuum pump, an oil-free reciprocating vacuum pump, a Roots vacuum pump, a molecular vacuum pump or a composite vacuum pump, and has a vacuum degree of 1-20000 Pa, preferably 1-10000 Pa, more preferably 1-5000 Pa, and most preferably 1-1000 Pa.

[0088] The vaporized water vapor is discharged into the cooler 9 by the vacuum pump 11, and the cooler 9 is provided with a filler inside. The water vapor passes through the filler under normal pressure and is condensed into liquid to return to the water storage tank 1 for repeated use, forming a closed cycle.

[0089] The refrigeration method specifically includes the following steps:

[0090] S1, vacuumizing and adjusting the air flow to a vacuum degree of 1-20000 Pa, preferably 1-10000 Pa, and more preferably 1-5000 Pa;

[0091] S2, introducing water and air flow;

[0092] S3, the water vaporizes and absorbs heat under the action of negative pressure, air flow and filler, and the temperature of the entire system decreases. The vaporized water is absorbed by the vacuum effect and reused to obtain cold energy for refrigeration.

[0093] Preferably, the refrigeration method includes the following steps:

[0094] S1, vacuumizing, adjusting the air flow to 1-20000 Pa, preferably 1-10000 Pa, more preferably 1-5000 Pa;

[0095] S2, introducing water and air flow;

[0096] S3, water is distributed to the chilled water storage tank 2 and the surface of the vaporization pipe under the action of negative pressure, air flow and filler, water is vaporized and absorbs heat under the action of air flow, the temperature of the whole system is reduced, and the vaporized water is discharged to the water storage tank 1 through the condenser 9 by the vacuum pump 11 and is absorbed for reuse.

[0097] As shown in FIG. 1, the refrigeration device is a refrigeration device for realizing the above refrigeration method.

[0098] Embodiments 2-8 are more specific embodiments of the present application, and the materials and sizes used are for illustration only and should not limit the present application. The core of the present application is to use negative pressure, filler and air flow to make water vaporize and absorb heat inside the vaporization pipe to reduce the temperature of the vaporization pipe and obtain cold energy for refrigeration.

[0099] Embodiment 2

[0100] As shown in FIG. 1, the refrigeration device and the refrigeration method are as follows:

[0101] (1) Select a water storage tank 1 with a volume of 50 liters connected with an exhaust pipe 21, a water pipe 13, a water inlet pipe 15, a water inlet pipe 16, a cooler 9, five cylindrical vaporization pipes with a volume of 50 liters, a stainless steel chilled water storage tank 2, a water inlet pipe 16, a circulating water pump 10, a heat exchanger 12, a vaporization pipe 4, a vaporization pipe 5, a vaporization pipe 6, a vaporization pipe 7, a vaporization pipe 8 connected in series, the vaporization pipe 4 is connected with the chilled water storage tank 2, the chilled water storage tank 2 is connected with the water inlet pipe 16, the circulating water pump 10, the heat exchanger 12, the vaporization pipe 8 is also connected with the buffer tank 3 with a volume of 5 liters, the buffer tank 3 is connected with the vacuum pump 11, and the vacuum pump 11 is connected with the water storage tank 1 through the cooler 9.

[0102] (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with an exhaust capacity of 30 liters / second, and a variable frequency motor, the vacuum pump 11 is connected with the buffer tank 3 through the vacuum valve 20, and is connected with the water storage tank 1 through the cooler 9;

[0103] (3) Select a stainless steel filler with a specific surface area of 1000 m 2 / m 3 , and fill it into the vaporization pipe;

[0104] (4) Start the vacuum pump 11, check whether the system is airtight, and confirm that the system is airtight, then refrigerate according to the following steps:

[0105] Open the intake pipeline 2 17, adjust the air flow to the vacuum degree between 200-1000 Pa, add water to the vaporization pipe and water storage tank 1 through the water inlet pipeline 1 15 and the water inlet pipeline 2 16, the water in the system is rapidly vaporized, and the temperature of the chilled water storage tank 2 and the vaporization pipe is continuously lowered to obtain cold energy.

[0106] Example 3

[0107] As shown in Figure 1, the refrigeration device preparation and refrigeration method are as follows:

[0108] (1) Select a water storage tank 1 with a volume of 30 liters connected with an exhaust pipe 21, a water pipe 13, a water inlet pipeline 1 15, a water inlet pipeline 2 16, and a cooler 9. Five cylindrical vaporization pipes made of red copper with a wall thickness of 1.5 mm and an inner diameter of 7 cm and a length of 150 cm are connected in series as vaporization pipe 1 4, vaporization pipe 2 5, vaporization pipe 3 6, vaporization pipe 4 7, and vaporization pipe 5 8. The vaporization pipe 1 4 is connected with a 10-liter stainless steel chilled water storage tank 2. The chilled water storage tank 2 is connected with an intake pipeline 2 17 and a water inlet pipeline 2 16. A circulating water pump 10 and a heat exchanger 12 are connected. The vaporization pipe 5 8 is also connected with a 3-liter buffer tank 3, which is connected with a vacuum pump 1 1 through the buffer tank 3. The vacuum pump 1 1 is connected with the water storage tank 1 through the cooler 9.

[0109] (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with a displacement of 20 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 1 1 is connected with the buffer tank 3 through a vacuum valve 20 and connected with the water storage tank 1 through the cooler 9.

[0110] (3) Select a stainless steel Xita ring filler with a specific surface area of 1000 m 2 / m 3 , and fill it into the vaporization pipe.

[0111] (4) Start the vacuum pump 1 1 and check if the system is airtight. After confirming that the system is airtight, refrigeration is performed according to the following steps:

[0112] Open the intake pipeline 2 17, adjust the air flow to the vacuum degree between 1000-3000 Pa, add water to the vaporization pipe and water storage tank 1 through the water inlet pipeline 1 15 and the water inlet pipeline 2 16, the water in the system is rapidly vaporized, and the temperature of the chilled water storage tank 2 and the vaporization pipe is continuously lowered to obtain cold energy.

[0113] Example 4

[0114] As shown in Figure 1, the refrigeration device preparation and refrigeration method are as follows:

[0115] (1) Select a volume of 30 liters connected with exhaust pipe 21, water pipe 13, water inlet line one 15, water inlet line two 16, cooler 9 water tank 1, five cylindrical material for red copper, wall thickness 1 mm, inner diameter 5 cm, length of 100 cm of vaporization tube, respectively, vaporization tube one 4, vaporization tube two 5, vaporization tube three 6, vaporization tube four 7, vaporization tube five 8 in turn in series; Vaporization tube one 4 is connected with volume of 10 liters of stainless steel chilled water storage tank 2, chilled water storage tank 2 is connected with air inlet line two 17, water inlet line two 16, is connected with circulating water pump 10, heat exchanger 12, vaporization tube five 8 is also connected with volume of 2 liters of buffer tank 3, through buffer tank 3 and vacuum pump 11 is connected, vacuum pump 11 is connected through cooler 9 and water tank 1.

[0116] (2) Select dry screw vacuum pump, exhaust capacity is 20 liters / second, with frequency conversion motor, vacuum pump 11 is connected through vacuum valve 20 and buffer tank 3, is connected through cooler 9 and water tank 1;

[0117] (3) Select the west ring stainless steel filler, the specific surface area of filler is 500 m 2 / m 3 , filled into vaporization tube;

[0118] (4) Start vacuum pump 11, check whether the system is sealed, confirm that the system is sealed, and refrigerate according to the following steps:

[0119] Open air inlet line two 17, adjust the nitrogen gas flow to 3000-5000 Pa, add water to the vaporization tube and water tank 1 through water inlet line one 15 and water inlet line two 16, the water in the system is rapidly vaporized, the temperature of the chilled water storage tank 2 and the vaporization tube is continuously reduced, thereby obtaining cold energy.

[0120] Example 5

[0121] As shown in Figure 1, the refrigeration device preparation and refrigeration method are as follows:

[0122] (1) Select a volume of 30 liters connected with exhaust pipe 21, water pipe 13, water inlet line one 15, water inlet line two 16, cooler 9 water tank 1, five cylindrical material for red copper, wall thickness 1 mm, inner diameter 5 cm, length of 50 cm of vaporization tube, respectively, vaporization tube one 4, vaporization tube two 5, vaporization tube three 6, vaporization tube four 7, vaporization tube five 8 in turn in series; Vaporization tube one 4 is connected with volume of 10 liters of stainless steel chilled water storage tank 2, chilled water storage tank 2 is connected with air inlet line two 17, water inlet line two 16, is connected with circulating water pump 10, heat exchanger 12, vaporization tube five 8 is also connected with volume of 2 liters of buffer tank 3, through buffer tank 3 and vacuum pump 11 is connected, vacuum pump 11 is connected through cooler 9 and water tank 1.

[0123] (2) Select dry scroll vacuum pump, exhaust capacity is 20 liters / second, with variable frequency motor, vacuum pump 11 through the vacuum valve 20 and buffer tank 3 is connected, through the cooler 9 and water storage tank 1 is connected;

[0124] (3) Select the stainless steel filler of the West ring, the specific surface area of the filler is 500m 2 / m 3 , filled into the vaporization tube;

[0125] (4) Start the vacuum pump 11, check whether the system is sealed, confirm that the system is sealed according to the following steps to refrigeration:

[0126] Open the inlet pipeline 17, adjust the carbon dioxide flow to the vacuum degree between 5000-8000Pa, add water to the vaporization tube and water storage tank 1 through the water inlet pipeline 15 and water inlet pipeline 16, the water in the system is rapidly vaporized, and the temperature of the chilled water storage tank 2 and the vaporization tube is continuously reduced to obtain cold energy.

[0127] Example 6

[0128] As shown in Figure 1, the refrigeration device preparation and refrigeration method are as follows:

[0129] (1) Select the water storage tank 1 with a volume of 30 liters connected with the exhaust pipe 21, water pipe 13, water inlet pipeline 15, water inlet pipeline 16, cooler 9, five cylindrical vaporization tubes with a volume of 8 liters, a wall thickness of 1 millimeter, an inner diameter of 5 centimeters, and a length of 50 centimeters, which are vaporization tube one 4, vaporization tube two 5, vaporization tube three 6, vaporization tube four 7, and vaporization tube five 8 connected in series; the vaporization tube one 4 is connected with the chilled water storage tank 2 with a volume of 8 liters, the chilled water storage tank 2 is connected with the inlet pipeline 17 and the water inlet pipeline 16, and is connected with the circulating water pump 10 and the heat exchanger 12, the vaporization tube five 8 is also connected with the buffer tank 3 with a volume of 2 liters, and is connected with the vacuum pump 11 through the buffer tank 3, and the vacuum pump 11 is connected with the water storage tank 1 through the cooler 9.

[0130] (2) Select dry scroll vacuum pump, exhaust capacity is 20 liters / second, with variable frequency motor, vacuum pump 11 through the vacuum valve 20 and buffer tank 3 is connected, through the cooler 9 and water storage tank 1 is connected;

[0131] (3) Select the stainless steel filler of the West ring, the specific surface area of the filler is 500m 2 / m 3 , filled into the vaporization tube;

[0132] (4) Start the vacuum pump 11, check whether the system is sealed, confirm that the system is sealed according to the following steps to refrigeration:

[0133] The ethanol solution with a mass of 10% in the refrigerated water storage tank is added through the air inlet pipeline 2 17, the helium gas flow is adjusted to a vacuum degree of 8000-10000 Pa, the water is added into the vaporization pipe and the water storage tank 1 through the water inlet pipeline 1 15 and the water inlet pipeline 2 16, the water in the system is rapidly vaporized, the temperature of the refrigerated water storage tank 2 and the vaporization pipe is continuously reduced, and thus the cold energy is obtained.

[0134] Example 7

[0135] The refrigeration device is prepared and the refrigeration method is as follows:

[0136] (1) A water storage tank 1 with a volume of 25 liters connected with an exhaust pipe 21, a water pipe 13, a water inlet pipeline 1 15, a water inlet pipeline 2 16 and a cooler 9 is selected, three cylindrical vaporization pipes with a material of red copper, a wall thickness of 1 millimeter and an inner diameter of 5 centimeters and a length of 60 centimeters are connected in series as vaporization pipe 1 4, vaporization pipe 2 5 and vaporization pipe 3 6 in sequence, the vaporization pipe 1 4 is connected with a refrigerated water storage tank 2 with a volume of 8 liters, the refrigerated water storage tank 2 is connected with the air inlet pipeline 2 17 and the water inlet pipeline 2 16, is connected with a circulating water pump 10 and a heat exchanger 12, the vaporization pipe 3 6 is further connected with a buffer tank 3 with a volume of 2 liters, the buffer tank 3 is connected with a vacuum pump 11, the vacuum pump 11 is connected with the water storage tank 1 through the cooler 9, the vaporization pipe 2 5 and the vaporization pipe 3 6 are connected with the air inlet pipeline 1 19, the vaporization pipe 2 5 and the vaporization pipe 3 6 are connected with the water inlet pipeline 1 15, and the rest is as shown in FIG. 1 except that there is no vaporization pipe 4 7 and vaporization pipe 5 8.

[0137] (2) A claw type vacuum pump with a displacement of 20 liters / second and a variable frequency motor is selected, the vacuum pump 11 is connected with the buffer tank 3 through a vacuum valve 20 and is connected with the water storage tank 1 through the cooler 9;

[0138] (3) The Xita ring stainless steel filler with a specific surface area of 1500 m 2 / m 3 is filled into the vaporization pipe;

[0139] (4) The vacuum pump 11 is started, the system is checked for whether it is sealed, and the refrigeration is performed according to the following steps after confirming that the system is sealed:

[0140] The air inlet pipeline 2 17 is opened, the water vapor flow is adjusted to a vacuum degree of 10000-12000 Pa, the water is added into the vaporization pipe and the water storage tank 1 through the water inlet pipeline 1 15 and the water inlet pipeline 2 16, the water in the system is rapidly vaporized, the temperature of the refrigerated water storage tank 2 and the vaporization pipe is continuously reduced, and thus the cold energy is obtained.

[0141] Example 8

[0142] The refrigeration device is prepared and the refrigeration method is as follows:

[0143] (1) Select the volume of 25 liters connected with exhaust pipe 21, water pipe 13, water inlet pipe 15, water inlet pipe 16, cooler 9 water tank 1, two cylindrical material for purple copper, wall thickness 1 millimeter, inner diameter 5 centimeters, length of 60 centimeters of vaporization pipe, respectively, vaporization pipe 4, vaporization pipe 5 in turn in series; Vaporization pipe 4 is connected with the volume of 8 liters of stainless steel chilled water storage tank 2, chilled water storage tank 2 is connected with air inlet pipe 17, water inlet pipe 16, connected with circulating water pump 10, heat exchanger 12, vaporization pipe 5 is also connected with the volume of 2 liters of buffer tank 3, through the buffer tank 3 and vacuum pump 11, vacuum pump 11 is connected with the water tank 1 through the cooler 9; Except for no air inlet pipe 19, water inlet pipe 15, vaporization pipe 6, vaporization pipe 7, vaporization pipe 8, the rest is shown in figure 1;

[0144] (2) Select the claw type vacuum pump, exhaust capacity is 20 liters per second, with frequency conversion motor, vacuum pump 11 is connected with buffer tank 3 through vacuum valve 20, connected with water tank 1 through cooler 9;

[0145] (3) Select the west ring stainless steel filler, the specific surface area of the filler is 2500 m 2 / m 3 , filled into the vaporization pipe;

[0146] (4) Start the vacuum pump 11, check whether the system is sealed, confirm that the system is sealed, and refrigerate according to the following steps:

[0147] Open the air inlet pipe 17, adjust the air flow to the vacuum degree between 10000-12000 Pa, add water to the vaporization pipe and water tank 1 through the water inlet pipe 15 and water inlet pipe 16, the water in the system is rapidly vaporized, the temperature of the chilled water storage tank 2 and the vaporization pipe is continuously reduced, so as to obtain cold energy.

[0148] In addition, adjust the air flow to the vacuum degree of 12000-15000 Pa, 15000-18000 Pa, 18000-20000 Pa respectively for experiment, and the specific surface area of the filler is respectively set to 100 m 2 / m 3 , 300 m 2 / m 3 , 2000 m 2 / m 3 , 3000 m 2 / m 3 , 4000 m 2 / m 3 , 5000 m 2 / m 3 for experiment, the rest is as example 2. The material and diameter of the vaporization pipe can also be selected, and the rest is as example 1.

Claims

1. A refrigeration method comprising an evaporation tube, characterized in that, The water in the vaporization tube is vaporized under the joint action of negative pressure, air flow and filler. In the process of vaporization, the water absorbs the heat of vaporization to reduce the temperature and obtain cold energy for refrigeration.

2. The refrigeration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vaporization tube with cold energy is installed with radiating fins and fans for refrigeration facilities manufacturing, or placed in underground places for refrigeration, or used for refrigeration facilities after heat exchange through a heat exchanger.

3. The refrigeration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filler material is metal or non-metal, and the filler is filled in the vaporization tube. The vaporization tube material is metal or non-metal. The vaporization tube arrangement is single tube, double tube, multiple tube series connection or multiple tube parallel connection. The overall shape of the vaporization tube is straight pipe, spiral pipe or serpentine pipe. The installation mode of the vaporization tube is vertical, parallel or inclined. The cross-sectional shape of the vaporization tube is circular or polygonal, including triangular, quadrilateral, pentagonal or hexagonal.

4. The refrigeration method of claim 1, wherein, The water is one or more of tap water, pure water or deionized water. One or more of antifreeze, scale inhibitor or wetting agent is added to the water. The antifreeze includes methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and the addition amount is 0-40% of the water mass. The scale inhibitor includes one or more of benzotriazole sodium, phosphate, polyphosphoric acid or sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and the addition amount is 0-5% of the water mass. The wetting agent includes one or more of glycerol, phosphate ester salt, sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol, polyoxyethylene ether or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and the addition amount is 0-5% of the water mass. The air flow includes one or more of air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium or water vapor. The negative pressure comes from a vacuum pump (11).

5. The refrigeration method of claim 1, wherein, The vaporization tube is connected with a chilled water storage tank (2), a buffer tank (3), a water inlet pipeline and an air inlet pipeline. The chilled water storage tank (2) is connected with a water storage tank (1). The buffer tank (3) is connected with the vacuum pump (11) and the water storage tank (1). The water storage tank (1) is connected with a water pipe (13). The chilled water storage tank (2) and a heat exchanger (12) form a circulating loop.

6. The refrigeration method of claim 5, wherein, The vaporization tube is five tubes in series connection, which are vaporization tube one (4), vaporization tube two (5), vaporization tube three (6), vaporization tube four (7) and vaporization tube five (8) in series connection. The vaporization tube one (4) is connected with the chilled water storage tank (2). The vaporization tube four (7) and the vaporization tube five (8) are connected with an air inlet pipeline one (19). The vaporization tube three (6) and the vaporization tube four (7) are connected with a water inlet pipeline one (15). The chilled water storage tank (2) is connected with a water inlet pipeline two (16), an air inlet pipeline two (17) and a water outlet pipeline (18). The water storage tank (1) is connected with an air outlet pipeline (21), the water pipe (13) and the water outlet pipeline (14). The water inlet pipeline one (15) and the water inlet pipeline two (16) are connected with the water outlet pipeline (14). The buffer tank (3) is connected with the vacuum pump (11) through a vacuum valve (20). The air outlet pipeline of the vacuum pump (11) is connected with the water storage tank (1) through a cooler (9). The chilled water storage tank (2) and the circulating water pump (10) and the heat exchanger (12) form a circulating loop.

7. The refrigeration method of claim 5, wherein, The water storage tank (1) and the chilled water storage tank (2) are square, circular or oval in cross section and made of metal or non-metal; the water storage tank (1) and the chilled water storage tank (2) are both provided with an automatic water level detector (22) for detecting the water level and starting an electromagnetic valve to pour water into the water storage tank (1) and the chilled water storage tank (2) according to the water level.

8. The refrigeration method of claim 5, wherein, The vaporized water vapor is discharged into the cooler (9) by the vacuum pump (11), the cooler (9) is internally provided with a filler, and the water vapor is condensed into liquid after passing through the filler and returned to the water storage tank (1) for repeated use, forming a closed cycle.

9. The refrigeration method according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, vacuumizing, adjusting the air flow to a vacuum degree of 1-20000 Pa, preferably 1-10000 Pa, and more preferably 1-5000 Pa; S2, introducing water and air flow; S3, the water is vaporized and absorbs heat under the action of negative pressure, air flow and filler, the temperature of the whole system is reduced, the vaporized water is absorbed by vacuum and reused, and cold energy is obtained for refrigeration.

10. A refrigeration apparatus characterized by comprising: The refrigeration device obtained by the refrigeration method of any one of claims 1-9.

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