Building wall and method for constructing same

Abstract

Provided is a building wall and a method for constructing the building wall which make it possible to: suppress, in the event of a fire, the detachment of an overlay face material from an underlay face material caused when deformations of an underlay which is on a fire side is suppressed by restraint from an overlay which is on a non-fire side and the overlay and the underlay thus remain in the state of abutting on each other, heat of the fire transfers from the underlay to the overlay, and the overlay deforms; and reduce construction labor. A building wall 100 comprises at least an underlay face material 30A which is directly or indirectly connected to a stud 40 and an overlay face material 20A which is connected to the underlay face material 30A so as to face the interior of a room. The overlay face material 20A is connected to the underlay face material 30A via screws 52, the screws 52 pass through the underlay face material 30A to reach the stud 40, and the screws 52 are driven at intervals in the range of 304-1000 mm.

Description

Building walls and their construction methods

[0001] The present disclosure relates to building walls and construction methods thereof.

[0002] Conventionally, a method of attaching architectural paneling to studs (or partition walls) to construct building walls such as the interior side walls of exterior partition walls involves connecting one architectural paneling to studs spaced apart horizontally with a piercing connection such as a screw. Here, in a single-pane building wall configuration where the building wall is constructed from a single architectural paneling, each architectural paneling is connected to a flange of a stud formed, for example, from a channel steel.

[0003] On the other hand, in a building wall constructed with, for example, two architectural panels, the underlying panel, which is the architectural panel, is connected to the studs with screws or the like, and an adhesive, such as a vinyl acetate adhesive, is applied to the back of the upper panel, which is then bonded to the surface of the lower panel. Because this adhesive connection method requires a certain amount of time for the adhesive to harden, a method is used in which the upper panel is temporarily attached to the underlying panel, and then a connecting means, such as a staple, is inserted into the surface of the upper panel to temporarily connect the upper panel to the underlying panel. Because the staple is left in place, the underlying panel and the upper panel are connected to each other by both the adhesive and the staple.

[0004] The amount of adhesive used to connect the underlayment surface material and the overlayment surface material to each other is generally 150 g / m ２ For example, Patent Document 1 also proposes a partition wall in which the underlayment is fixed to the studs with tapping screws or bolts, and the overlayment is fixed to the underlayment with an organic adhesive and staples.

[0005] In connecting the underlayment to the overlay, the strong connection by both adhesive and staples as described above enhances the integrity of the overlap. Therefore, in the event of a fire, deformation of the underlayment on the fire side is suppressed by the restraint from the overlay, and the two are maintained in contact. However, heat during the fire is transferred from the underlayment to the overlay on the non-fire side, and this heat causes deformation of the overlay, which can easily cause the overlay to fall off the underlay, creating a structural problem.

[0006] Furthermore, since the upper surface material is connected to the lower surface material using both adhesive and staples, there is also the issue of increased construction time and effort.

[0007] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2020-169468

[0008] The present disclosure provides a building wall and a construction method thereof that, in the event of a fire, restrains deformation of the underlayment on the fire side by restraining it from the top layer, maintaining the abutting state of the two, allows heat during the fire to be transferred from the underlayment to the top layer on the non-fire side, prevents the top layer surface material from falling off from the underlayment surface material due to deformation of the top layer, and reduces construction labor.

[0009] A building wall according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a building wall comprising at least a subfloor panel connected directly or indirectly to a stud, and a top panel panel connected to the subfloor panel and facing the interior of the room, wherein the top panel panel is connected to the subfloor panel via screws, the screws penetrate the subfloor panel and reach the studs, and the screw driving interval is in the range of 304 mm to 1000 mm.

[0010] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a building wall comprising at least a subfloor panel connected directly or indirectly to studs, and a top panel connected to the subfloor panel and facing the interior of the room, wherein the top panel is connected to the subfloor panel via screws, which penetrate the subfloor panel and reach the studs, and the number of screws driven is in the range of 1.65 screws / m to 4.95 screws / m.

[0011] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a building wall comprising at least a subfloor panel connected directly or indirectly to studs, and a top panel connected to the subfloor panel and facing the interior of the room, wherein the top panel is connected to the subfloor panel via screws, the screws penetrate the subfloor panel and reach the studs, the screw spacing is in the range of 304 mm to 1000 mm, and the number of screws driven is in the range of 1.65 / m to 4.95 / m.

[0012] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a building wall comprising at least a subfloor panel connected directly or indirectly to a stud, and a top panel connected to the subfloor panel and facing the interior of the room, wherein the top panel is connected to the subfloor panel via staples, the staples reach at least halfway through the thickness of the subfloor panel, and the staple spacing is in the range of 228 mm to 1000 mm.

[0013] A building wall according to another aspect of the present disclosure is a building wall comprising at least a subfloor surface material connected directly or indirectly to a stud, and a top surface material connected to the subfloor surface material and facing the interior of a room, wherein the top surface material is connected to the subfloor surface material via staples, the staples reach at least halfway through the thickness of the subfloor surface material, and the number of staples driven is 3.6 / m. ２ ~32.6 pieces / m ２ The range is.

[0014] A building wall according to another aspect of the present disclosure is a building wall comprising at least a subfloor surface material connected directly or indirectly to a stud, and a top surface material connected to the subfloor surface material and facing the interior of the room, wherein the top surface material is connected to the subfloor surface material via staples, the staples reach at least halfway through the thickness of the subfloor surface material, the staple driving interval is in the range of 228 mm to 1000 mm, and the number of staples driven is 3.6 / m. ２ ~32.6 pieces / m ２ The range is.

[0015] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a building wall comprising at least a subfloor panel connected directly or indirectly to a stud, and a top panel panel connected to the subfloor panel and facing the interior of the room, wherein the top panel panel is connected to the subfloor panel via screws and staples, the screws penetrate the subfloor panel to reach the studs, the screw driving interval is in the range of 304 mm to 1000 mm, the staples reach halfway through the thickness of the subfloor panel, and the staple driving interval is in the range of 228 mm to 1000 mm.

[0016] Furthermore, a building wall according to another aspect of the present disclosure is a building wall comprising at least a subfloor surface material connected directly or indirectly to a stud, and a top surface material connected to the subfloor surface material and facing the interior of the room, wherein the top surface material is connected to the subfloor surface material via screws and staples, the screws penetrate the subfloor surface material to reach the studs, the number of screws driven is in the range of 1.65 / m to 4.95 / m, the staples reach a position midway through the thickness of the subfloor surface material, and the number of staples driven is 1.8 / m. ２ ~29.0 pieces / m ２ The range is.

[0017] Furthermore, a building wall according to another aspect of the present disclosure is a building wall comprising at least a subfloor surface connected directly or indirectly to a stud, and a top surface connected to the subfloor surface and facing the interior of the room, wherein the top surface is connected to the subfloor surface via screws and staples, the screws penetrate the subfloor surface to reach the studs, the screw driving interval is in the range of 304 mm to 1000 mm, and the number of screws driven is in the range of 1.65 / m to 4.95 / m, the staples reach a position midway through the thickness of the subfloor surface, the staple driving interval is in the range of 228 mm to 1000 mm, and the number of staples driven is 1.8 / m. ２ ~29.0 pieces / m ２ The range is.

[0018] Furthermore, a building wall construction method according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a building wall construction method comprising at least a subfloor surface material connected directly or indirectly to studs, and a top surface material connected to the subfloor surface material and facing the interior of the room, the method comprising: a subfloor surface material connecting step of connecting the subfloor surface material directly or indirectly to the studs; and a top surface material connecting step of connecting the top surface material to the subfloor surface material via screws, the screws passing through the subfloor surface material to reach the studs, and the screw driving intervals are in the range of 304 mm to 1000 mm.

[0019] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for constructing a building wall, which comprises at least a subfloor surface material connected directly or indirectly to studs, and a top surface material connected to the subfloor surface material and facing the interior of the room, the method comprising: a subfloor surface material connecting step for connecting the subfloor surface material directly or indirectly to the studs; and a top surface material connecting step for connecting the top surface material to the subfloor surface material via screws, the screws passing through the subfloor surface material to reach the studs, and the number of screws driven is in the range of 1.65 screws / m to 4.95 screws / m.

[0020] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for constructing a building wall, which comprises at least a subfloor surface material connected directly or indirectly to studs, and a top surface material connected to the subfloor surface material and facing the interior of the room, the method comprising: a subfloor surface material connecting step for connecting the subfloor surface material directly or indirectly to the studs; and a top surface material connecting step for connecting the top surface material to the subfloor surface material via screws, the screws passing through the subfloor surface material to reach the studs, the screw driving interval being in the range of 304 mm to 1000 mm, and the number of screws being driven being in the range of 1.65 / m to 4.95 / m.

[0021] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for constructing a building wall, which comprises at least a subfloor surface material connected directly or indirectly to a stud, and a top surface material connected to the subfloor surface material and facing the interior of the room, the method comprising: a subfloor surface material connecting step for connecting the subfloor surface material to the stud directly or indirectly; and a top surface material connecting step for connecting the top surface material to the subfloor surface material via staples, the staples reaching a position halfway through the thickness of the subfloor surface material, and the staple driving intervals being in the range of 228 mm to 1000 mm.

[0022] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for constructing a building wall, which comprises at least a subfloor surface material connected directly or indirectly to a stud, and a top surface material connected to the subfloor surface material and facing the interior of the room, the method comprising: a subfloor surface material connecting step of connecting the subfloor surface material to the stud directly or indirectly; and a top surface material connecting step of connecting the top surface material to the subfloor surface material via staples, the staples reaching a position midway through the thickness of the subfloor surface material, and the number of staples driven is 3.6 / m. ２ ~32.6 pieces / m ２ The range is as follows.

[0023] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for constructing a building wall, which comprises at least a subfloor surface material connected directly or indirectly to a stud, and a top surface material connected to the subfloor surface material and facing the interior of the room, the method comprising: a subfloor surface material connecting step of connecting the subfloor surface material directly or indirectly to the stud; and a top surface material connecting step of connecting the top surface material to the subfloor surface material via staples, the staples reaching a position midway through the thickness of the subfloor surface material, the staple driving intervals being in the range of 228 mm to 1000 mm, and the number of staples driven being 3.6 / m. ２ ~32.6 pieces / m ２ The range is as follows.

[0024] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for constructing a building wall, the method comprising: a subfloor panel connected to a stud; and a top panel connected to the subfloor panel and facing the interior of the room; the method comprising: a subfloor panel connecting step for directly or indirectly connecting the subfloor panel to the stud; and a top panel connecting step for connecting the top panel to the subfloor panel via screws and staples; the screws penetrate the subfloor panel to reach the studs; the screw driving interval is in the range of 304 mm to 1000 mm; the staples reach a position halfway through the thickness of the subfloor panel; and the staple driving interval is in the range of 228 mm to 1000 mm.

[0025] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a building wall construction method comprising a subfloor surface connected to studs, and a top surface connected to the subfloor surface facing the interior of a room, the method comprising: a subfloor surface connecting step of connecting the subfloor surface to the studs directly or indirectly; and a top surface connecting step of connecting the top surface to the subfloor surface via screws and staples, the screws penetrate the subfloor surface to reach the studs, the number of screws driven is in the range of 1.65 / m to 4.95 / m, the staples reach a position midway through the thickness of the subfloor surface, and the number of staples driven is 1.8 / m. ２ ~29.0 pieces / m ２ The range is as follows.

[0026] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a building wall construction method comprising a subfloor surface connected to studs, and a top surface connected to the subfloor surface and facing the interior of the room, the method comprising: a subfloor surface connecting step of connecting the subfloor surface to the studs directly or indirectly; and a top surface connecting step of connecting the top surface to the subfloor surface via screws and staples, the screws penetrate the subfloor surface to reach the studs, the screw driving interval is in the range of 304 mm to 1000 mm, and the number of screws driven is in the range of 1.65 / m to 4.95 / m, the staples reach a position midway through the thickness of the subfloor surface, the staple driving interval is in the range of 228 mm to 1000 mm, and the number of staples driven is 1.8 / m. ２ ~29.0 pieces / m ２ The range is as follows.

[0027] According to the present disclosure, in the event of a fire, deformation of the underlayment on the fire side is suppressed by the constraint from the overlayment, maintaining the abutting state of both, allowing heat during the fire to be transferred from the underlayment to the overlayment on the non-fire side, and preventing the overlay surface material from falling off from the underlay surface material due to deformation of the overlay.

[0028] 5A ; FIG. 5B is a perspective view showing an example of a building wall according to the first embodiment; FIG. 5C is a diagram showing an example of screw driving positions in an example of a connection configuration of an upper surface material to a lower surface material; FIG. 5D is a table explaining the basis for setting a range of the number of screws to be driven for each interval between screw driving when the upper surface material is connected only with screws; FIG. 5E is a diagram explaining a method for setting the number of screws to be driven; FIG. 5F is a side view showing an example of deformation of the lower surface and the upper surface in the event of a fire, and an example of an overlapping state; FIG. 5G is a view taken in the direction of arrow B in FIG. 5A ; FIG. 5H is a perspective view showing an example of a building wall according to the second embodiment; FIG. 5I is a diagram showing an example of staple driving positions in another example of a connection configuration of an upper surface material to a lower surface material; FIG. 5J is a table explaining the basis for setting a range of the number of staples to be driven for each interval between staple driving when the upper surface material is connected only with staples; FIG. 5I is a perspective view showing an example of a building wall according to the third embodiment; FIG. 5J is a table explaining the basis for setting a range of the number of staples to be driven for each interval between staple driving when the upper surface material is connected only with staples;

[0029] Hereinafter, examples of building walls and construction methods thereof according to each embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that in this specification and drawings, substantially identical components may be designated by the same reference numerals to avoid redundant description.

[0030] [Building wall according to the first embodiment and its construction method] First, an example of a building wall according to the first embodiment and its construction method will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. Here, Figure 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a building wall according to the first embodiment, and Figure 2 is a diagram showing an example of screw driving positions in an example of a connection configuration of an upper surface material to a lower surface material. Furthermore, Figure 3 is a table explaining the basis for setting the range of the number of screws to be driven for each screw driving interval in a case where the upper surface material is connected only with screws, and Figure 4 is a diagram explaining a method for setting the number of screws to be driven. Note that while Figure 4 is a diagram explaining an example of a method for setting the number of screws to be driven, the same can be applied to a method for setting the number of staples to be driven.

[0031] Here, the building wall in the illustrated example is a double-panel partition wall with two layers of underlayment and toplayment on each side of the stud, but the building wall may also be a partition wall with three or more layers of surface material overlaid on both sides of the stud. It may also be a partition wall with two or three layers of surface material overlaid on only one side of the stud. Furthermore, in addition to partition walls, it may also be an interior side wall of an exterior wall. In a double-panel partition wall as shown in the illustrated example, the underlayment surface material is directly attached to the stud. In a partition wall with three or more layers of surface material overlaid, other surface material (a surface material different from the top and underlayment surface material) that is in close contact with the illustrated underlayment surface material is attached to the stud, so the underlayment surface material is indirectly attached to the stud.

[0032] The partition wall 100 shown in FIG. 1 is applied to steel-framed buildings, reinforced concrete (RC) buildings, wooden buildings, etc., and these buildings include ordinary detached houses, apartment complexes, factories, warehouses, etc.

[0033] The partition wall 100 has a plurality of studs 40 that form the main framework, a lower runner 46 (or floor runner), and an upper runner 45 (or ceiling runner). The studs 40 extend vertically, and the upper runner 45 and lower runner 46 extend horizontally.

[0034] Both the upper runner 45 and the lower runner 46 are formed from lightweight steel frame materials such as channel steel, and the upper runner 45 is attached to the upper floor structure 47 with its opening facing downward, while the lower runner 46 is attached to the lower floor structure 48 with its opening facing upward.

[0035] The studs 40 are formed from lipped channel steel of light-gauge steel frame, but may also be formed from channel steel or square steel pipe.

[0036] The upper end 43 and lower end 44 of each stud 40 are fitted into the upper runner 45 and the lower runner 46, respectively, thereby fixing the studs to the upper runner 45 and the lower runner 46. Although not shown, a plurality of horizontally extending steady rests may be provided at a predetermined pitch (for example, 1200 mm pitch) in the height direction of the studs 40.

[0037] The upper runner 45, lower runner 46, and studs 40 are, for example, lightweight steel frames with a thickness of 0.4 mm or more, and steel runners and steel studs specified in JIS A 6517 ("Steel base materials for construction"), or equivalent, compliant, or compatible products, can be used. In the partition wall 100, a plurality of studs 40 are set between the lower runner 46 and upper runner 45 in the width direction of the wall (the longitudinal direction of the lower runner 46, etc. in Figure 1) at intervals of 608 mm or less (for example, intervals of 606 mm or 455 mm).

[0038] In the partition wall 100, the back surface 32 of the horizontally arranged underlayment surface material 30A abuts against a pair of mounting surfaces 41, 42 of the stud 40, and the front surface 31 is connected to the mounting surfaces 41, 42 on both sides of the stud 40 with screws 51 (an example of underlayment fasteners) such as screws. The underlayment 30 is formed by the multiple underlayment surface materials 30A connected to the studs 40.

[0039] On the other hand, the upper surface material 20A, which is arranged vertically relative to the underlayment 30, is connected to the underlayment 30 by screws 52 (an example of an upper surface fastener), such as a screw, which are driven from the front side of the interior side surface 21. More specifically, the driven screws 52 penetrate the underlayment surface material 30A and are connected to the studs 40. The upper surface 20 is formed by the multiple upper surface materials 20A connected to the underlayment 30.

[0040] In this way, a double overlap 10 is formed by the underlayment 30 and the overlayment 20 on both sides of the stud 40. In addition to the illustrated example, the underlayment surface material 30A may be arranged vertically and the overlayment surface material 20A may be arranged horizontally. Although not shown, in an overlapping configuration of three or more surface materials, the other surface materials (surface materials different from the overlayment surface material and the underlayment surface material) are connected to the stud with screws or the like, the underlayment surface material is connected to the other surface materials with screws or the like, and the overlayment surface material is connected to the underlayment surface material with screws or the like. In this case, the screws or the like connecting the overlayment surface material to the underlayment surface material may be driven into the stud, penetrating the other surface materials.

[0041] The underlayment surface material 30A, which is a construction surface material, may be made of gypsum board, gypsum board, calcium silicate board, particle board, hardboard, plywood, structural plywood, etc., and among these, gypsum board and gypsum board are preferably used.

[0042] On the other hand, for the upper surface material 20A, which is a construction surface material, gypsum board, gypsum board, calcium silicate board, etc. are used, and among them, gypsum board and gypsum board are preferably used.

[0043] Here, gypsum board includes not only general gypsum board, but also reinforced gypsum board, ordinary hard gypsum board, sheathing hard gypsum board, moisture-absorbing and desorbing reinforced gypsum board, moisture-absorbing and desorbing ordinary gypsum board, moisture-absorbing and desorbing hard gypsum board, glass fiber nonwoven fabric-reinforced gypsum board, glass mat gypsum board, etc.

[0044] For example, when gypsum board is used, its short sides, long sides, and thickness are 910 mm x 1820 mm x 9.5 mm, made of semi-non-combustible material, or 910 mm x 1820 mm (2420 mm, 2730 mm) x 12.5 mm (15 mm, 21 mm, 25 mm), made of non-combustible material, and the width (short side) of the gypsum board is 910 mm, 606 mm, 1000 mm, 1220 mm, etc., and the length (long side) of the gypsum board is 1820 mm, 2000 mm, 3030 mm, etc. In actual construction, for example, gypsum board located at the end of a wall may be cut to size on-site, so in addition to gypsum boards of the above dimensions, gypsum boards cut to any size are also available.

[0045] In the underlayment 30, vertical joints (not shown) which are butt joints, and horizontal joints 36 are provided between the adjacent underlayment face materials 30A in the vertical and horizontal directions. Note that depending on the height of the wall, there are also configurations in which horizontal joints are not provided.

[0046] On the other hand, in the overlay 20, vertical joints 25 and horizontal joints 26, which are butt joints, are provided between multiple adjacent overlay surface materials 20A in the vertical and horizontal directions. Note that, depending on the height of the wall, there are also configurations in which horizontal joints are not provided.

[0047] The example of the overlay surface material 20A shown in Figure 2 has a vertical length t1 of 1820 mm and a horizontal width t2 of 910 mm. As shown in Figure 2, in the configuration in which the underlay 30 and the overlay 20 are connected using only screws 52, the construction work is reduced and workability is significantly improved compared to the conventional configuration in which both adhesive and staples are used.

[0048] The intervals at which the screws 52, which are the top fasteners, are driven are set in the range of 304 mm to 1000 mm, and the number of screws 52 driven is set in the range of 1.65 / m to 4.95 / m. The intervals at which the screws 52 are driven are set longer than the conventional range of 303 mm or less.

[0049] In this way, by making the intervals at which the screws 52, which are the top fasteners, are driven longer than in the conventional example and by reducing the number of screws 52 driven in compared to the conventional example, the amount of work required for installation can be further reduced and installation efficiency can be further improved.

[0050] The intervals between the screws 52 are preferably in the range of 304 mm to 606 mm, and more preferably in the range of 304 mm to 455 mm, within the above-mentioned range of 304 mm to 1000 mm. These ranges are more suitable when both workability and fire resistance, which will be explained below, are taken into consideration.

[0051] 3 shows the results of calculating the number of screws to be driven for each driving interval (pitch) of the screws 52. For example, the calculation method for the number of screws to be driven vertically (3.85 / m) when the pitch is 304 mm to 1000 mm is as follows.

[0052] Figure 3 shows the results when using a 2x6 size overlay, which is the smallest area that allows for the maximum number of fasteners such as screws, and a 3x10 size overlay, which is the largest area that allows for the minimum number of fasteners.

[0053] As shown in Figure 4, when calculating the number of screws to be driven, the screws 52 at the end of the overlay panel 20A are driven 10 mm away from the edge of the overlay panel 20A, and a total of 20 mm is subtracted for the two screws at both ends. Furthermore, since the screws 52 adjacent to the end screws 52 are driven at least 10 mm apart, an additional 10 mm is subtracted. The total number of screws 52 other than the end screws 52 is calculated as (1820 - 30) / 304 + 2 (number of screws at the end) = 7 (rounded down to the nearest whole number). This gives a calculation of 7 / 1.82 (m) = 3.85 (pieces / m). Thus, while the general area is based on a 304 mm drive interval, there may be some narrower areas with less than 304 mm.

[0054] From FIG. 3, when the interval between the screws 52 is in the range of 304 mm to 606 mm, the number of screws 52 to be driven is preferably in the range of 1.98 / m to 4.95 / m.

[0055] Furthermore, from FIG. 3, when the interval between the screws 52 is in the range of 304 mm to 455 mm, the desirable range for the number of screws 52 to be driven is in the range of 2.64 / m to 4.95 / m.

[0056] Since the prerequisite for fastening the upper surface material 20A is that the underlayment surface material 30A must be fastened to the studs 40, fastening the underlayment surface material 30A to the studs 40 with screws 51 is performed from the viewpoint of good workability. For example, the intervals at which the screws 51, which are underlayment fasteners, are driven can be set to approximately 600 mm to 1000 mm.

[0057] The screws 52 driven to fasten the upper surface material 20A to the underlayment surface material 30A penetrate the underlayment surface material 30A and fasten to the studs 40, thereby connecting the studs 40 and the overlapping surface 10. In other words, the screws 52, which are upper fasteners driven from the interior side of the upper surface material 20A, integrate the studs 40 and the overlapping surface 10, and from the perspective of workability, the screws 51, which are underlayment fasteners used to fasten the underlayment surface material 30A to the studs 40, ultimately become fasteners that assist in integrating the studs 40 and the overlapping surface 10.

[0058] The intervals at which the screws 52, which are the top fasteners, are driven are longer than in the conventional example, and the number of screws 52 driven is reduced compared to the conventional example, which further improves workability, but on the other hand, there is a concern that the fire resistance of the building wall 100 may be reduced in the event of a fire. Therefore, the fire resistance of the building wall 100 will be described with reference to Figures 5A and 5B.

[0059] Here, FIG. 5A is a side view showing an example of deformation of the underlayment and overlayment in the event of a fire and an example of the state of overlapping, and FIG. 5B is a view seen in the direction of arrow B in FIG. 5A.

[0060] In FIG. 5A, the underlayment 30 side of the overlayment 10 is the fire side, and the overlayment 20 side is the non-fire side facing the room.

[0061] In the event of a fire, heat rises from the top of the room (the ceiling side), and the heat from the fire causes the upper area of ​​the underlayment 30 on the fire side to easily deform, deforming in the X1 direction toward the fire side as shown in the example shown. In Figure 5A, the underlayment 30 before deformation is shown by a dashed line, and the underlayment 30 after deformation is shown by a solid line.

[0062] According to the inventors, since the horizontal joints 36 and their vicinity, which are weaker in strength, are more susceptible to deformation above the underlayment 30, it has been determined that deformation occurs in the deformation mode shown in Fig. 5A by setting the intervals and number of screws 52 connecting the underlayment 30 and the overlayment 20 within the above-mentioned ranges. The heat acting below the underlayment 30 is relatively lower than above, so the amount of deformation is small, and in some cases, almost no deformation occurs at all.

[0063] As a result of the deformation of the upper region of the underlayment 30 toward the fire, an air layer 60 is formed above the overlayment 10 between the underlayment 30 and the overlayment 20. For example, FIG. 5B shows an air layer formation area A formed above the overlayment 10.

[0064] In the event of a fire, an air layer 60 is formed in at least a portion of the area between the underlayment 30 and the overlayment 20, which inhibits heat transfer from the underlayment 30 to the overlayment 20, thereby inhibiting deformation of the overlayment 20 as shown in Fig. 5A. Fig. 5A shows the overlayment 20 as not being thermally deformed, but in reality, the overlayment 20, for example in its upper region, also undergoes slight thermal deformation, although the amount of deformation is small compared to that of the underlayment 30.

[0065] Since the upper region of the underlayment 30 deforms toward the fire side and the overlayment 20 shows almost no deformation, as shown in Figure 5A, the overlayment 10 after thermal deformation has an air layer 60 above it, but the underlayment 30 and the overlayment 20 remain connected in their lower regions and at their upper ends.

[0066] If the underlayment and overlayment were firmly connected using a conventional amount of adhesive or a conventional number of staples, the thermal deformation of the underlayment toward the fire side would be restrained by the overlay in the upper area of ​​the overlap, making it difficult for an air gap to form between the underlayment and overlayment.If an air gap does not form between the underlayment and overlayment, heat in the event of a fire will be transferred from the underlayment to the overlay on the non-fire side, causing deformation of the overlay and potentially causing the overlay surface material to fall off from the underlay surface material.

[0067] The above numerical ranges for the intervals and number of screws 52, which are the overlay fasteners, are those that provide a connection strength that will release the connection between the underlay 30 and the overlay 20 when the overlay 10 is subjected to heat during a fire (for example, heat from above in a room). Therefore, in the overlay 10 of the building wall 100, the heat during a fire will cause the underlay 30 to deform relatively significantly, forming an air layer 60 between the underlay 30 and the overlay 20, which will suppress heat transfer to the overlay 20 and prevent it from falling off the underlay 30.

[0068] Therefore, the building wall 100 is a building wall that has both good workability and excellent fire resistance.

[0069] The construction method for the illustrated building wall 100 is as follows (see FIG. 1). First, screws 51, which are underlayment fasteners, are driven into the studs 40 from the indoor side of the underlayment surface material 30A, temporarily connecting the underlayment surface material 30A and the studs 40. In the illustrated example, the underlayment 30 is constructed by connecting multiple underlayment surface materials 30A to multiple studs 40 in a horizontal arrangement. Here, the underlayment surface materials 30A may also be arranged vertically (this is the underlayment surface material connection process).

[0070] Next, screws 52, which are top fasteners, are driven into the top panel 20A from the interior side, so that the screws 52 penetrate the sub-panel 30A and reach the studs 40, connecting the top panel 20A to both the sub-panel 30A and the studs 40. In the illustrated example, the top panel 20 is constructed by connecting multiple top panel materials 20A in a vertical arrangement to multiple studs 40 via multiple sub-panel materials 30A. Note that the top panel materials 20A may also be arranged horizontally.

[0071] Here, the intervals at which the screws 52, which are the overlay fasteners, are driven are in the range of 304 mm to 1000 mm, and the number of screws 52 driven is in the range of 1.65 / m to 4.95 / m. Preferably, the intervals at which the screws 52 are driven are in the range of 304 mm to 606 mm, and the number of screws 52 driven is in the range of 1.98 / m to 4.95 / m. Also, more preferably, the intervals at which the screws 52 are driven are in the range of 304 mm to 455 mm, and the number of screws 52 driven is in the range of 2.64 / m to 4.95 / m (the above is the overlay surface material connecting process).

[0072] In the top covering surface material connecting step, the top covering surface material 20A is connected to both the underlayment surface material 30A and the studs 40, whereby an overlapping layer 10 consisting of the underlayment 30 and the top covering 20 is constructed, and a building wall 100 in which the overlapping layer 10 is fastened to the studs 40 is constructed.

[0073] This building wall construction method eliminates the labor required to use adhesives and staples in combination to fasten the top surface material to the underlayment surface material, as in conventional construction methods, and also eliminates the labor required to drive screws at close intervals, thereby significantly improving workability.

[0074] [Building wall according to the second embodiment and its construction method] Next, an example of a building wall according to the second embodiment and its construction method will be described with reference to Figures 6 to 8. Here, Figure 6 is a perspective view showing an example of a building wall according to the second embodiment, and Figure 7 is a diagram showing an example of staple driving positions in another example of a connection form of an upper surface material to a lower surface material. Also, Figure 8 is a table explaining the basis for setting the range of the number of staples to be driven for each staple driving interval in a case where the upper surface material is connected only by staples.

[0075] The building wall 100A differs from the building wall 100 in that staples 53 are used as facing fasteners.

[0076] Unlike the screws 52 shown in Figure 1, etc., the staples 53 driven from the indoor side of the upper surface material 20A reach at least halfway through the thickness of the lower surface material 30A, thereby connecting the upper surface material 20A to the lower surface material 30A.

[0077] The facing surface material 20A in the example shown in Figure 7 has a vertical length t1 of 1820 mm and a horizontal width t2 of 910 mm. As shown in Figure 7, in the configuration in which the underlayment 30 and the facing 20 are connected using only staples 53, construction work is reduced and workability is significantly improved compared to the conventional configuration in which both adhesive and staples are used.

[0078] Here, the intervals at which the staples 53 are driven as top fasteners are set in the range of 228 mm to 1000 mm, and the number of staples 53 driven is 3.6 staples / m. ２ ~32.6 pieces / m ２ is set to the range.

[0079] The interval between staples 53 is preferably in the range of 228 mm to 606 mm, more preferably 228 mm to 350 mm, within the above-mentioned range of 228 mm to 1000 mm. These ranges are more suitable when both workability and fire resistance, which will be described below, are taken into consideration.

[0080] 8 shows the results of calculations of the number of staples to be driven for each driving interval (pitch) of the staples 53. For example, the number of staples to be driven vertically when the pitch is 228 mm to 1000 mm: 32.6 staples / m ２ The calculation method is explained as follows:

[0081] As in Figure 3, Figure 8 shows the results when using a covering surface material the size of a 2x6 board, which is the smallest area that allows for the maximum number of fasteners such as screws, and a covering surface material the size of a 3x10 board, which is the largest area that allows for the minimum number of fasteners.

[0082] When calculating the number of staples to be driven, the number of staples 53 driven in the longitudinal direction of the overlay surface material 20A is assumed to be 10 mm away from the edge of the overlay surface material 20A, and a total of 20 mm is subtracted for the two staples at both ends. Furthermore, the staples 53 adjacent to the staples 53 at the ends are assumed to be driven more than 10 mm apart, so another 10 mm is subtracted, resulting in (1820 - 30) / 228 + 2 (number of staples 53 at the ends) = 9 (decimals are rounded down). The number of staples 53 driven in the width direction of the overlay surface material 20A is (606 - 30) / 228 + 2 (number of end screws) = 4 (decimals are rounded down). Therefore, the total number of staples 53 is 9 x 4 = 36, and by dividing the total number by the area of ​​the upper surface material 20A, we get 36 / (1.82 x 0.606) = 32.6 staples / m. ２ In this way, while the general area is based on a 228mm drive-in interval, there may be some narrow areas of less than 228mm.

[0083] From FIG. 8, when the interval between staples 53 is in the range of 228 mm to 606 mm, the preferred range of the number of staples 53 to be driven is in the range of 6.5 staples / m to 32.6 staples / m.

[0084] Furthermore, from FIG. 8, when the interval between staples 53 is in the range of 228 mm to 350 mm, the preferred range for the number of staples 53 to be driven is 14.5 / m to 32.6 / m.

[0085] In this way, in addition to not using adhesive as in the conventional example, the intervals at which the staples 53, which are the top fasteners, are driven are made longer than in the conventional example, and the number of staples 53 driven is reduced compared to the conventional example, thereby further reducing the amount of work required for installation and further improving ease of installation.

[0086] Furthermore, in the building wall 100A, the screws 51, which are underlayment fasteners that connect the underlayment surface material 30A to the studs 40, also serve as fasteners that connect the overlay 10 to the studs 40. Therefore, from the standpoint of both ease of construction and connection strength, it is preferable to set the screw driving interval for the screws 51 in the building wall 100 to about 600 mm, which is the lower limit of the 600 mm to 1000 mm range, and if necessary, a shorter driving interval in the range of 300 mm to 600 mm may be applied.

[0087] 5A and 5B, the inventors have confirmed that in the building wall 100A, an air layer 60 is formed between the underlayment 30 and the overlayment 20 above the overlapping layer 10, and that the formation of this air layer 60 provides excellent fire resistance. Furthermore, in the building wall 100A, the formation of the air layer 60 effectively suppresses heat transfer, thereby suppressing the temperature rise on the surface of the overlayment 20 on the non-fire side, improving the performance of the fire-resistant wall. Therefore, like the building wall 100, the building wall 100A is a building wall that has both good workability and excellent fire resistance.

[0088] The construction method for the illustrated building wall 100A is as follows (see FIG. 6). First, screws 51, which are underlayment fasteners, are driven into the studs 40 from the indoor side of the underlayment surface material 30A to connect the underlayment surface material 30A to the studs 40. In the illustrated example, the underlayment 30 is constructed by connecting multiple underlayment surface materials 30A to multiple studs 40 in a horizontal arrangement. Here, the underlayment surface materials 30A may also be arranged vertically (underlayment surface material connecting step).

[0089] Next, the upper surface 20A is connected to the lower surface 30A by driving staples 53, which are upper fasteners, into the upper surface 20A from the interior side of the room. In the illustrated example, the upper surface 20 is constructed by connecting multiple upper surface 20A to multiple lower surface 30A in a vertical arrangement. Note that the upper surface 20A may also be arranged horizontally.

[0090] Here, the intervals at which the staples 53, which are the top fasteners, are driven are set to a range of 228 mm to 1000 mm, and the number of staples 53 driven is set to 3.6 staples / m. ２ ~32.6 pieces / m ２ Preferably, the interval between the staples 53 is set to a range of 228 mm to 606 mm, and the number of staples 53 is set to 6.5 staples / m. ２ ~32.6 pieces / m ２ Preferably, the interval between the staples 53 is in the range of 228 mm to 350 mm, and the number of staples 53 is 14.5 / m. ２ ~32.6 pieces / m ２ (The above is the process of connecting the top panel.)

[0091] In the top panel connecting step, the top panel 20A is connected to the underlay panel 30A, whereby an overlapping layer 10 consisting of the underlayment 30 and the top panel 20 is constructed, and a building wall 100A in which the overlapping layer 10 is fastened to the studs 40 is constructed.

[0092] This building wall construction method eliminates the labor required to use adhesives and staples in combination to fasten the top surface material to the underlayment surface material, as in conventional construction methods, and also eliminates the labor required to drive staples at close intervals, thereby significantly improving workability.

[0093] [Building wall according to the third embodiment and its construction method] Next, an example of a building wall according to the third embodiment and its construction method will be described with reference to Fig. 9 and Fig. 10. Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing an example of a building wall according to the third embodiment, and Fig. 10 is a table explaining the basis for setting the range of the number of staples to be driven for each interval between staples when the facing surface material is connected with screws and staples.

[0094] The building wall 100B differs from the building walls 100 and 100A in that screws 52 and staples 53 are used as facing fasteners.

[0095] While both screws 52 and staples 53 are used as overlay fasteners, adhesive is not required as in the conventional example, the intervals at which the screws 52 and staples 53 are driven are longer than in the conventional example, and the number of staples driven is reduced compared to the conventional example, thereby improving workability, as in the building walls 100 and 100A.

[0096] In the building wall 100B, both screws 52 and staples 53 are used as facing fasteners, and the intervals and numbers of the screws 52 and staples 53 may be set in the same manner as in the building walls 100 and 100A. However, since both screws 52 and staples 53 are used, it is reasonable to set the intervals and numbers of the screws 52 and staples for both within the above-mentioned numerical ranges for the intervals and numbers of the staples for both, for example, in a range close to the upper limit.

[0097] 5A and 5B, the inventors have confirmed that an air layer 60 is formed between the underlayment 30 and the overlayment 20 above the overlapping layer 10 in the building wall 100B, and that excellent fire resistance is achieved by the formation of this air layer 60. Therefore, like the building walls 100 and 100A, the building wall 100B is a building wall that has both good workability and excellent fire resistance.

[0098] The construction method for the illustrated building wall 100B is as follows (see FIG. 9). First, screws 51, which are underlayment fasteners, are driven into the studs 40 from the indoor side of the underlayment surface material 30A to connect the underlayment surface material 30A to the studs 40. In the illustrated example, the underlayment 30 is constructed by connecting multiple underlayment surface materials 30A to multiple studs 40 in a horizontal arrangement. Here, the underlayment surface materials 30A may also be arranged vertically (this is the underlayment surface material connection process).

[0099] Next, screws 52 and staples 53, which are overlay fasteners, are driven into the upper surface panel 20A from the interior side. The screws 52 penetrate the underlay panel 30A and reach the studs 40, connecting the upper surface panel 20A to both the underlay panel 30A and the studs 40. The staples 53 reach the underlay panel 30A and also connect the upper surface panel 20A to the underlay panel 30A via the staples 53. In the illustrated example, the upper surface 20 is constructed by connecting multiple upper surface panels 20A in a vertical arrangement to multiple studs 40 via multiple underlay panel panels 30A. Note that the upper surface panel 20A may also be arranged horizontally.

[0100] Here, the intervals at which the screws 52 are driven as the overlay fasteners are set to a range of 304 mm to 1000 mm, and the number of the screws 52 is set to a range of 1.65 / m to 4.95 / m. Also, the intervals at which the staples 53 are driven as the overlay fasteners are set to a range of 228 mm to 1000 mm, and the number of the staples 53 is set to a range of 1.8 / m. ２ ~29.0 pieces / m ２ The range is as follows.

[0101] Preferably, the intervals at which the screws 52 are driven are in the range of 304 mm to 1000 mm, and the number of screws 52 driven is in the range of 1.65 / m to 4.95 / m. In this case, the intervals at which the staples 53 are driven are in the range of 228 mm to 606 mm, and the number of staples 53 driven is 3.6 / m. ２ ~29.0 pieces / m ２ Preferably, the intervals between the screws 52 are in the range of 304 mm to 1000 mm, the number of screws 52 is in the range of 1.65 / m to 4.95 / m, the intervals between the staples 53 are in the range of 228 mm to 350 mm, and the number of staples 53 is in the range of 9.1 / m. ２ ~29.0 pieces / m ２ The range of the number of staples to be driven for each pitch of the staples 53 is shown in FIG.

[0102] When calculating the number of screws to be driven, the screws 52 and staples 53 should both be driven into the end of the covering surface material 20A at a distance of 10 mm from the edge of the covering surface material 20A, and the distance between the screws 52 and the staples 53 should also be 10 mm or more. Also, it is preferable to drive screws 52, rather than staples 53, into the four corners of the board (this concludes the covering surface material connecting process).

[0103] In the top covering surface material connecting step, the top covering surface material 20A is connected to both the underlayment surface material 30A and the studs 40, whereby an overlapping layer 10 consisting of the underlayment 30 and the top covering 20 is constructed, and a building wall 100B in which the overlapping layer 10 is fastened to the studs 40 is constructed.

[0104] This building wall construction method eliminates the labor required to use adhesives and staples in combination to fasten the top surface material to the underlayment surface material, as in conventional construction methods, and also eliminates the labor required to drive screws and staples at close intervals, thereby significantly improving workability.

[0105] It should be noted that other embodiments may be possible in which other components are combined with the configurations described in the above embodiments, and the present disclosure is not limited to the configurations shown here. In this regard, modifications are possible within the scope of the present disclosure, and can be appropriately determined depending on the application form.

[0106] This international application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-124126, filed on July 31, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0107] 10: Overlay 20: Top cover 20A: Top cover surface material 21: Interior side surface 25: Vertical joint (butt joint) 26: Horizontal joint (butt joint) 30: Underlay 30A: Underlay surface material 31: Front surface 32: Back surface 36: Horizontal joint (butt joint) 40: Stud 45: Upper runner 46: Lower runner 47, 48: Floor structure 51: Screw (underlayment fastener) 52: Screw (top cover fastener) 53: Staple (top cover fastener) 60: Air layer 100, 100A, 100B: Partition wall (building wall) A: Air layer formation area

Claims

1. 5             A building wall, comprising at least:an under-layer face panel directly or indirectly connected to a stud; anda top-layer face panel connected to the under-layer face panel and facing a room interior,10             wherein the top-layer face panel is connectedto the under-layer face panel via a screw,the screw reaches the stud while penetrating the under-layer face panel, andan interval at which the screw is driven is15 in a range of 304 mm to 1,000 mm.

2. A building wall, comprising at least:20             an under-layer face panel directly orindirectly connected to a stud; anda top-layer face panel connected to the under-layer face panel and facing a room interior, wherein the top-layer face panel is connected25 to the under-layer face panel via a screw, the screw reaches the stud while penetrating the under-layer face panel, andan interval at which the screw is driven isin a range of 304 mm to 1,000 mm, and a number of30 screws driven is in a range of 1.65 screws / m to 4.95 screws / m, each of the screws being the screw.2024317212   10 Aug 2026

3. A building wall, comprising at least;an under-layer face panel connected directly or indirectly to a stud; and5             a top-layer face panel connected to theunder-layer face panel and facing a room interior, wherein the top-layer face panel is connected to the under-layer face panel via a screw and a staple, the screw reaches the stud while penetrating10 the under-layer face panel, an interval at which the screw is driven isin a range of 304 mm to 1,000 mm,the staple reaches a position within the under-layer face panel thickness-wise, and15             an interval at which the staple is driven isin a range of 228 mm to 1,000 mm.

4. 20             A building wall, comprising at least:an under-layer face panel directly or indirectly connected to a stud; anda top-layer face panel connected to the under-layer face panel and facing a room interior,25             wherein the top-layer face panel is connectedto the under-layer face panel via a screw and a staple, the screw reaches the stud while penetrating the under-layer face panel,a number of screws driven is in a range of30   1.65 screws / m to 4.95 screws / m, each of the screwsbeing the screw,the staple reaches a position within the under-layer face panel thickness-wise, and2024317212   10 Aug 2026a number of staples driven is in a range of 1.8 staples / m2 to 29.0 staples / m2, each of the staples being the staple.5

5. A building wall, comprising at least:an under-layer face panel connected directly or indirectly to a stud; and10             a top-layer face panel connected to theunder-layer face panel and facing a room interior, wherein the top-layer face panel is connected to the under-layer face panel via a screw and a staple, the screw reaches the stud while penetrating15 the under-layer face panel, an interval at which the screw is driven isin a range of 304 mm to 1,000 mm, and a number of screws driven is in a range of 1.65 screws / m to 4.95 screws / m, each of the screws being the screw,20             the staple reaches a position within theunder-layer face panel thickness-wise, andan interval at which the staple is driven is in a range of 228 mm to 1,000 mm, and a number of staples driven is in a range of 1.8 staples / m2 to 29.025   staples / m2, each of the staples being the staple.

6. The building wall according to any one of30 claims 1 to 5,wherein in event of a fire, the under-layer face panel located on a fire side deforms more than the top-layer face panel does, to form an air layer in a2024317212   10 Aug 2026part of a region between the under-layer face panel and the top-layer face panel in a state in which the toplayer face panel is not detached from the under-layer face panel.5

7. A method of constructing a building wall including at least an under-layer face panel connected 10 directly or indirectly to a stud, and a top-layer face panel connected to the under-layer face panel and facing a room interior, the method comprising:an under-layer face panel connecting step of connecting the under-layer face panel directly or15 indirectly to the stud; anda top-layer face panel connecting step of connecting the top-layer face panel to the under-layer face panel via a screws, wherein the screw is made to reach the stud20 by penetrating the under-layer face panel, andan interval at which the screw is driven isin a range of 304 mm to 1,000 mm.25

8. A method of constructing a building wall including at least an under-layer face panel connected directly or indirectly to a stud, and a top-layer face panel connected to the under-layer face panel and30 facing a room interior, the method comprising:an under-layer face panel connecting step of connecting the under-layer face panel directly or indirectly to the stud; and2024317212   10 Aug 2026a top-layer face panel connecting step of connecting the top-layer face panel to the under-layer face panel via a screw,wherein the screw is made to reach the stud5 by penetrating the under-layer face panel, andan interval at which the screw is driven isin a range of 304 mm to 1,000 mm, and a number of screws driven is in a range of 1.65 screws / m to 4.95 screws / m, each of the screws being the screw.10

9. A method of constructing a building wall including an under-layer face panel connected to a15 stud, and a top-layer face panel connected to the under-layer face panel and facing a room interior, the method comprising:an under-layer face panel connecting step of connecting the under-layer face panel directly or20 indirectly to the stud; anda top-layer face panel connecting step of connecting the top-layer face panel to the under-layer face panel via a screw and a staple,wherein the screw is made to reach the stud25 by penetrating the under-layer face panel, an interval at which the screw is driven is in a range of 304 mm to 1,000 mm,the staple is made to reach a position within the under-layer face panel thickness-wise, and30             an interval at which the staple is driven isin a range of 228 mm to 1,000 mm.2024317212   10 Aug 2026

10. A method of constructing a building wallincluding an under-layer face panel connected to a stud, and a top-layer face panel connected to the5 under-layer face panel and facing a room interior, the method comprising:an under-layer face panel connecting step of connecting the under-layer face panel directly or indirectly to the stud; and10             a top-layer face panel connecting step ofconnecting the top-layer face panel to the under-layer face panel via a screw and a staple, wherein the screw is made to reach the studby penetrating the under-layer face panel,15             a number of screws driven is in a range of1.65 screws / m to 4.95 screws / m, each of the screws being the screw,the staple is made to reach a position within the under-layer face panel thickness-wise, and20             a number of staples driven is in a range of1.8 staples / m2 to 29.0 staples / m2, each of the staples being the staple.25

11. A method of constructing a building wallincluding an under-layer face panel connected to a stud, and a top-layer face panel connected to the under-layer face panel and facing a room interior, the30 method comprising:an under-layer face panel connecting step of connecting the under-layer face panel directly or indirectly to the stud; and2024317212   10 Aug 2026a top-layer face panel connecting step of connecting the top-layer face panel to the under-layer face panel via a screw and a staple,wherein the screw is made to reach the stud5 by penetrating the under-layer face panel, an interval at which the screw is driven isin a range of 304 mm to 1,000 mm, and a number of screws driven is in a range of 1.65 screws / m to 4.95 screws / m, each of the screws being the screw,10             the staple is made to reach a position withinthe under-layer face panel thickness-wise, andan interval at which the staple is driven is in a range of 228 mm to 1,000 mm, and a number of staples driven is in a range of 1.8 staples / m2 to 29.015   staples / m2, each of the staples being the staple.

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