Solid waste treatment process focused on sintering and pelletizing procedures.

Abstract

Solid waste treatment process focused on sintering and pelletizing procedures. Solid waste treatment process focused on sintering and pelletizing procedures.After solid waste from various sources is sorted and subjected to the corresponding pretreatment, the pretreatment slag generated by the pretreatment enters the sintering and pelletizing procedures for final treatment; at the same time, the waste gases generated in the pretreatment process can be collected in sintering flue gas for collaborative purification, the wastewater generated by further pretreatment and the wastewater generated in the sintering and pelletizing procedures are subjected to a useful wastewater salt extraction treatment, the complete process treatment of various solid wastes is finally achieved and the effect of solid waste on the environment and the risk of secondary pollution are completely eliminated.

Description

1 / 49 Solid waste treatment process focused on sintering and pelletizing procedures. Technical field of the invention

[001] The present invention relates to a solid waste treatment process, specifically to a solid waste treatment process centered on sintering and pelletizing procedures; it belongs to the technical field of collaborative sintering and pelletizing treatment of organic solid waste. Background of the invention

[002] Solid waste is residual material produced by people in production and daily life that has lost its original use value. Due to the difficulty of site selection, high operating costs, and the serious effects of NOT IN MY BACKYARD (NIMBY), centralized solid waste disposal facilities, especially for hazardous waste, have a serious capacity gap for solid waste disposal. Currently, the large amount of solid waste stockpiles in China makes it difficult to support the fragile environmental carrying capacity and becomes the main cause of the “NIMBY” incident. Source reduction, resource utilization, and harmless disposal of solid waste have become an urgent and significant need for people's livelihoods.Therefore, exploring the new path of collaborative disposal technology for solid waste resources from multiple sources is an important step towards the development of solid waste disposal technology.

[003] The so-called collaborative disposal of multi-source solid waste resources consists of sorting solid waste from multiple sources and adding it to the existing industrial production process after pre-treatment and combination in a specific way. By properly regulating the thermal system and pollutant emissions of the production process, the resources and energy from the solid waste are Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 9 / 149 2 / 49 reasonably utilized and the harmful substances from the solid waste are disposed of harmlessly, without affecting product production, quality, and pollutant emissions from the original production process.

[004] To date, the advantages of sintering and pelletizing procedures in the collaborative disposal of solid waste in the steelmaking process are mainly reflected in the following aspects. (1) Large flue gas treatment capacity and mature flue gas purification system technology, which can generate standard emissions or even ultra-low emissions. If waste is introduced into the sintering and pelletizing procedures and causes fluctuations in the concentration of pollutants in the flue gas, the existing sintering purification system can handle this. (2) Sintering and pelletizing procedures are highly adaptable to the size of the raw materials. In the case of very fine or very coarse particles, there are mixing and granulation devices and crushing equipment in the existing process. If the moisture content exceeds 10%, it needs to be reduced.If the proportion of ultrafine particles is too high, an additional special granulation process will be necessary. (3) High acceptance of fluctuations in the chemical composition of raw materials. With magnetite as the main raw material, the TFe content varies from 60% to 67%, with a fluctuation range of ± 0.5%; for hematite-based raw materials, the TFe content varies from 55 to 65%, with a fluctuation range of ± 0.5%. The fluctuation range for S is 0.10-0.40%, and the fluctuation range for P is 0.05-0.20%. The acceptance of the fluctuation range for other impurity elements is also high. (4) Sintering and pelletizing procedures have characteristics of large scale, strong adaptability of raw materials, and high temperature. The introduction of waste accounts for a small proportion and has a controllable impact on sintering and pelletizing processes.Calculated with a solid waste proportion of 1%, the maximum solid waste treatment capacity of a single sintering machine can be 660m2. Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 10 / 149 3 / 49 reach 70,000 to 100,000 tons / year.

[005] In existing technologies, the solid waste disposal process is generally incomplete and not a closed-loop system, for example: incineration slag and fly ash from organic solid waste, especially hazardous waste, are still hazardous waste, containing large amounts of heavy metal elements and still exhibiting leaching toxicity. Currently, incineration slag and fly ash are generally stabilized and solidified with cement, lime, and water and then safely disposed of in landfills. This disposal process is a waste of slag resources and does not completely eliminate its environmental impact, also representing a risk of secondary pollution.

[006] In terms of collaborative solid waste disposal through sintering, some patents have mentioned certain processes, such as Chinese patent CN101476032, which mentions doping fly ash from municipal household waste incineration at a weight ratio of 3-15% in sintering raw materials, to produce iron-containing pellets for sintering.

[007] Chinese patent CN1052716248 mentions that heavy metal sludge with a moisture content of 20-50% is mixed with a calcium-based fluorine fixing agent (calcium-based absorbent), dried and crushed to obtain calcium-based sludge, which is then doped into sintering feedstocks. Through the collaborative arrangement of the sintering process and blast furnace smelting, most of the metallic elements are effectively recovered. Chinese patent CN201210370837 mentions the effective recovery of iron elements from iron-containing solid waste, participating in sintering production after initial classification and pretreatment.

[008] The aforementioned patent documents involve only a single disposal of solid waste and the categories of solid waste for disposal are very Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 11 / 149 4 / 49 limited, which cannot adapt to the complicated production of solid waste from steel mills, and the role and condition of the sintering and pelletizing procedure in the disposal of solid waste from steel mills are not fully realized; furthermore, in existing processes, solid waste is doped directly in the sintering procedure, or simply pretreated and doped in the sintering procedure, without organically combining the solid waste and sintering, resulting in the impact of solid waste treatment on the sintering itself and affecting the quality of the sintered ore.

[009] Furthermore, in existing technologies, there is no specific research on the incineration and pyrolysis processes of solid waste, resulting in unreasonable use of resources. Brief description of the invention

[010] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a solid waste treatment process concentrated in sintering and pelletizing procedures, in which solid waste from multiple sources is sorted and the appropriate pretreatment is selected based on the characteristics of the solid waste itself, and the slag generated by the pretreatment is transported to the sintering and pelletizing procedures for final disposal. At the same time, the exhaust gases generated during the pretreatment process can be introduced into the sintering flue gas for collaborative purification, and the wastewater generated from the additional pretreatment is also treated through the unified use of wastewater desalination resources.Finally, the entire process of disposing of various solid wastes is carried out, and the impact of solid waste on the environment and the risk of secondary pollution are completely eliminated.

[011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 12 / 149 5 / 49

[012] Solid waste treatment process concentrated in sintering and pelletizing procedures, comprising: (1) Classification of solid waste: Solid waste from steel companies and / or municipal urban waste is classified into organic solid waste, solid waste with a high zinc content and containing iron, solid waste with a low salt and zinc content and containing iron, and solid waste with a high salt content and containing iron; (2) pre-treatment of solid waste: after the classification of solid waste in step (1), each type of solid waste is pre-treated separately to obtain pre-treatment slag, pre-treatment wastewater, pre-treatment exhaust gases and by-products; (3) collaborative arrangement: the pretreatment slag obtained in step (2) is mixed with sintering feedstocks and / or pelletizing feedstocks and then the resulting mixture is conveyed to a sintering and / or pelletizing procedure; the pretreatment exhaust gas, together with the waste gases generated by the sintering and / or pelletizing procedure, are treated; and the pretreatment wastewater, together with the wastewater generated from the sintering and / or pelletizing procedure, is treated.

[013] Preferably, the solid waste from the steel company and / or the municipal urban solid waste are solid waste containing organic carbon (combustible carbon) and / or solid waste containing iron. The classification of solid waste in step (1) specifically involves carrying out tests of the solid waste components, including industrial analysis, elemental analysis and calorific value analysis. Industrial analysis includes detection of volatile dry basis content, detection of moisture content and detection of ash content. Elemental analysis includes detection of iron content, detection of zinc content and detection of chlorine content. Calorific value analysis is used to detect the calorific value of combustion of solid waste. Based on the results of the composition tests, the classification order of Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 13 / 149 6 / 49 solid waste is as follows:

[014] (a1) Solid waste containing organic carbon has been classified as organic solid waste.

[015] (a2) Solid waste containing zinc was classified as zinc-containing iron solid waste.

[016] (a3) ​​The chlorine-containing solid waste was classified as high-salt-content iron-containing solid waste.

[017] (a4) The remainder are solid wastes with low salt and low zinc content containing iron.

[018] Preferably, organic solid waste is classified as high-volatility organic solid waste and low-volatility organic solid waste, according to the dry basis volatile fraction content in the organic solid waste. Preferably, organic solid waste with a dry volatile content greater than or equal to Ho% by mass is high-volatility organic solid waste and organic solid waste with a dry volatile content less than Ho% by mass is low-volatility organic solid waste.

[019] Preferably, the aforementioned solid zinc waste with a high iron content has a zinc content greater than Zo% by mass.

[020] Preferably, the percentage by mass of chlorine in the aforementioned solid waste with high salt and iron content is greater than Co%.

[021] Ho is 6-12, preferably 7-10. Zo is 1-6, preferably 2-4. Co is 0.5-5, preferably 1-3.

[022] In one embodiment of the present invention, the pretreatment of solid waste described in step (2) specifically includes:

[023] (b1) highly volatile organic solid waste is subjected to an oxidation incineration procedure to obtain incineration slag and combustion gas under high temperature and the incineration slag is mixed with materials Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 14 / 149 7 / 49 sintering raw materials and / or pellets to enter a sintering and / or pelletizing procedure; and

[024] (b2) low volatility organic solid waste is subjected to an oxidation incineration procedure to obtain incineration slag and combustion gas under high temperature, the incineration slag is mixed with sintering feedstocks and / or pellets to enter the sintering and / or pelletizing procedure and, alternatively, the low volatility organic solid waste can be mixed directly with sintering feedstocks and / or pellets.

[025] Preferably, the degree of incineration of the oxidation incineration procedure is controlled to be yi, so that the volatile content on a dry basis of the incineration slag is less than 5% by mass, preferably less than 4% by mass, after the aforementioned high-volatility organic solid waste and / or the low-volatility organic solid waste are subjected to the oxidation incineration procedure.

[026] Alternatively, the aforementioned oxidation incineration is controllable incineration; the aforementioned controllable incineration consists of controlling the process conditions of the oxidation incineration procedure, so as to control the degree of incineration of the oxidation incineration; preferably, the degree of incineration of the oxidation incineration procedure is controlled at γ2, by controlling the oxygen supply, the incineration time and the incineration temperature of the highly volatile organic solid waste and / or the low-volatility organic solid waste in the oxidation incineration procedure; γ2 is the value of the degree of incineration that causes the combustible material in the combustion gas under high temperature to be completely burned, γ2≤[0,1]; γ2 is 0, which means that the combustible material in the combustion gases under high temperature is the maximum value and the minimum degree of incineration;γ2 is 1, which means that the combustible material in the combustion gases under high temperature has a minimum value and a maximum degree of incineration. Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 15 / 149 8 / 49

[027] Preferably, the process also includes: comparison of the magnitude of γι and γ2 to derive γ = MAX(yi, γ2), where the MAX function is the large value-obtaining function; and control of the actual degree of incineration of the oxidation incineration procedure as γ.

[028] In another embodiment of the present invention, the pretreatment of solid waste described in step (2) is specifically:

[029] (c1) highly volatile organic solid waste is subjected to a pyrolysis procedure to obtain pyrolysis slag and pyrolysis gas; the pyrolysis slag is mixed with sintering feedstock and / or pellets to enter a sintering and / or pelletizing procedure; the pyrolysis gas is conveyed to a sintering machine and sprayed onto the surface of the sintering mixture material in the sintering machine by means of blowing to be used as sintering fuel; or the pyrolysis gas is conveyed to the pelletizing procedure to be used as fuel for roasting the pellets by oxidation;

[030] (c2) low-volatility organic solid waste is subjected to a pyrolysis process to obtain pyrolysis slag and pyrolysis gas; the pyrolysis slag is mixed with sintering feedstocks and / or pellets to enter the sintering and / or pelletizing process; the pyrolysis gas is transported to a sintering machine and sprayed onto the surface of the sintering mixture material in the sintering machine by means of blowing, to be used as sintering fuel; or the pyrolysis gas is transported to the pelletizing procedure to be used as fuel for roasting the pellets by oxidation;

[031] (c3) solid waste with a high zinc content containing iron is subjected to a reduction procedure by removing the zinc to obtain reduction slag and by-product containing zinc;

[032] (c4) solid waste with a high salt content containing iron is subjected to Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 16 / 149 9 / 49 a washing, desalination and water separation procedure to obtain wastewater containing salt and separated filter residue; and

[033] (c5) low salt and zinc content solid waste containing iron is mixed directly with sintering feedstocks and / or pellets.

[034] Preferably, the pyrolysis rate of the pyrolysis incineration procedure is controlled as φ1, such that: the percentage content by mass of dry volatiles in the pyrolysis slag is less than 5%, preferably less than 4%, after the aforementioned high-volatility organic solid waste and / or the low-volatility organic solid waste have been subjected to the pyrolysis procedure.

[035] Preferably, the pyrolysis rate of the pyrolysis procedure is controlled as φ2 by controlling the process conditions of the high-volatility organic solid waste and / or the low-volatility organic solid waste in the pyrolysis procedure, such that, after the pyrolysis of the high-volatility organic solid waste and / or the low-volatility organic solid waste, the heat corresponding to a proportion of φ2 of the total heat of the high-volatility organic solid waste and / or the low-volatility organic solid waste is allocated to the pyrolysis gas and the remaining heat is retained in the pyrolysis slag, wherein φ2 is the heat distribution ratio that causes the carbon savings of the sintering procedure or the pelletizing procedure to be maximized after the pyrolysis gas and slag are added to the sintering procedure or the pelletizing procedure, and φ2 is 60% to 95%, preferably 70% to 92%.

[036] Preferably, the process also includes: comparing the magnitude of φ1 and φ2 to derive φ=MAH(φ1, φ2), where the MAX function is the function to obtain a large value, and controlling the actual pyrolysis rate of the pyrolysis procedure as φ.

[037] Preferably, the process conditions of the pyrolysis procedure are controlled so that a proportion φ2 of the total heat of highly volatile organic solid waste and / or low-volatility organic solid waste during the Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, p. 17 / 149 10 / 49 pyrolysis process enters the pyrolysis gas, where:

[038] Ç2=f(t,T,D,n2,nmax),

[039] t is the pyrolysis time, h; T is the pyrolysis temperature, °C; D is the particle size of the highly volatile organic solid waste and / or the low-volatility organic solid waste entering the pyrolysis procedure, mm; n2 is the oxygen supply rate in the pyrolysis procedure, m3; and n2 < nmax, where nmax is the oxygen required for the highly volatile organic solid waste and / or the low-volatility organic solid waste entering the pyrolysis procedure for complete combustion.

[040] Preferably, φ2= ^---

[041] Qilibration of pyrolysis is the heat released by the pyrolysis of highly volatile organic solid waste or low-volatility organic solid waste in the pyrolysis gas during pyrolysis;

[042] Qtotai is the total heat of highly volatile organic solid waste or low-volatility organic solid waste, i.e., the heat emitted by the complete combustion of highly volatile organic solid waste and / or low-volatility organic solid waste.

[043] Preferably, Qtotal=kí-mq ,

[044] where ki is the combustion efficiency coefficient of high-volatility organic solid waste or low-volatility organic solid waste, with a value of 0.8-1; m is the mass of high-volatility organic solid waste or low-volatility organic solid waste that enters the pyrolysis procedure, kg; eq is the average calorific value of high-volatility organic solid waste and / or low-volatility organic solid waste, J / kg.

[045] Preferably, Q uberation of pyrolysis = At-lgT-Da- (;^)b·m· Q,

[046] where A is a correction factor; t is the pyrolysis time of the solid waste Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 18 / 149 11 / 49 high-volatility organic or low-volatility organic solid waste, h; T is the pyrolysis temperature of high-volatility organic solid waste or low-volatility organic solid waste, °C; D is the particle size distribution of high-volatility organic solid waste or low-volatility organic solid waste entering the pyrolysis procedure, mm; n2 is the air input in the pyrolysis procedure, m3;

[047] and n2 < nmax, where nmax is the amount of air required for the complete combustion of highly volatile organic solids or low-volatility organic solids that enter the pyrolysis process; a is the particle size correction factor, considering a value of -0.05 to -0.15; and b is the oxygen content correction factor, considering a value of 0.3-1; bb V a ... a An

[048] through conversion: ^2= — t lg TD . k1 Vnmax x

[049] That is, according to the particle size of highly volatile organic solid waste or low volatile organic solid waste that enters the pyrolysis procedure, by controlling the pyrolysis time t, the pyrolysis temperature T and the oxygen consumption n2 of the pyrolysis procedure, the highly volatile organic solid waste or the low volatile organic solid waste is precisely controlled to pass through the pyrolysis procedure, so that a proportion of the heat φ2 in the highly volatile organic solid waste or in the low volatile organic solid waste is allocated to the pyrolysis gas and the remaining heat is retained in the pyrolysis slag.

[050] In any of the embodiments mentioned above, organic solid waste and iron-containing high-zinc solid waste are mixed to obtain mixed solid waste, and the mixed solid waste is treated by a rotary reducing furnace. In this process, a portion of the energy from the organic solid waste is used to reduce the zinc from the iron-containing high-zinc solid waste. Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 19 / 149 12 / 49 containing iron, while the organic solid waste is pyrolyzed to reduce the volatile fraction of the organic solid waste.

[051] Preferably, the mixed solid residue is treated in the rotary reducing furnace to obtain pyrolysis slag and reduction gas; in this case, the pyrolysis slag is mixed with the sintering raw materials and / or pelletizing raw materials to enter the sintering and / or pelletizing procedure; the reduction gas has the zinc removed, is transported to the sintering machine, sprayed onto the surface of the sintering mixture material in the sintering machine by means of blowing and used as sintering fuel; or the reduction gas has the zinc removed and is transported to the pelletizing procedure, where it is used as fuel for roasting the pellets by oxidation; or the reduction gas has the zinc removed for utilization of the residual heat.

[052] In existing technologies, the solid waste disposal process is generally incomplete and not closed-loop; incineration slag and fly ash from hazardous organic waste are still hazardous waste, containing large amounts of heavy metal elements and still exhibiting leaching toxicity. Currently, incineration slag and fly ash are usually stabilized and solidified with cement, lime, and water and then safely disposed of in a landfill. This waste disposal process is a waste of slag resources and does not completely eliminate its environmental impact, still posing a risk of secondary pollution. In terms of collaborative solid waste disposal through sintering, it often involves only a single type of solid waste for collaborative sintering disposal.The types of solid waste available for disposal are very limited and cannot adapt to the complex production of solid waste in steel mills. The role and condition of sintering and pelletizing procedures in the disposal of solid waste in steel plants have not yet been fully utilized. Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 20 / 149 13 / 49

[053] In the present invention, firstly, solid waste of complex composition and from multiple sources is classified (for example, into organic solid waste, high-zinc-containing iron solid waste, low-salt-zinc-containing iron solid waste and high-salt-containing iron solid waste), according to the characteristics of complex composition and multiple sources of solid waste from steel mills and / or municipal solid waste, combined with the treatment, accommodation and digestion characteristics of solid waste from sintering and pelletizing procedures.By pre-treating separately sorted solid waste and then transferring the pre-treated slag to sintering and pelletizing procedures for final disposal (such as mixing the obtained pre-treated slag with sintering and / or pelletizing feedstocks and then transporting the mixture to the sintering and / or pelletizing procedures); at the same time, the waste gas generated during pre-treatment can also be blended with the sintering flue gas and / or pelletizing waste gas for collaborative purification. Wastewater generated from subsequent pre-treatment can also be treated with wastewater generated by the sintering and / or pelletizing processes for unified use of desalination resources. Ultimately, the complete disposal process for various solid wastes is achieved, and the impact of solid waste on the environment and the risk of secondary pollution are completely eliminated.

[054] In the present invention, solid waste from steel mills and / or municipal urban solid waste is generally solid waste containing organic carbon (fuel carbon) and / or solid waste containing iron. According to the differences in the composition of the solid waste, this waste is classified in this order: solid waste containing organic carbon is classified as organic solid waste, solid waste containing zinc is classified as high-zinc-content iron-containing solid waste, solid waste containing chlorine is Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 21 / 149 14 / 49 are classified as high-salt solid waste containing iron, and the remainder are low-salt and low-zinc solid waste containing iron. The specific process for classifying solid waste consists of testing the composition of the solid waste, including industrial analysis, elemental analysis, and calorific value analysis. Industrial analysis includes detection of dry basis volatiles, moisture content, and ash content. Elemental analysis includes detection of iron, zinc, and chlorine content. Calorific value analysis is used to test the calorific value of the combustion of solid waste.

[055] Based on the results of the composition tests, the solid wastes are classified in order and the corresponding pre-treatment measures are taken for different types of solid waste according to the different main components contained in the wastes, in order to obtain waste slag pre-treatment, wastewater pre-treatment and exhaust gas pre-treatment;Finally, these slag residues, wastewater, and exhaust gases are fed, respectively, into different sections of the sintering and / or pelletizing process to maximize the accommodation and digestion of these slag residues, wastewater, and exhaust gases, without affecting the normal operation and product quality of the original sintering and / or pelletizing process, and may even play a good auxiliary and promoting role (for example, the high-carbon slag phase participates in the sintering mixture, which reduces the internal amount of carbon in the original sintering material, or the reducing gas phase (containing mainly CO, methane, etc.) is used as fuel for sintering and / or pelletizing, etc.), achieving the technical effect of transforming waste into treasure.

[056] Furthermore, in the present invention, organic solid waste can also be classified into high-volatility organic solid waste and low-volatility organic solid waste, according to the content of the dry volatile fraction in the organic solid waste. The classification is based on: the organic solid waste with a content of Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 22 / 149 15 / 49 volatile dry basis greater than or equal to Ho% of organic solid waste is considered highly volatile organic solid waste, and organic solid waste with a volatile dry basis content less than Ho% is considered low-volatility organic solid waste. The value of Ho is 6-12, preferably 7-10.

[057] In general, the composition of organic solid waste is relatively complex. Through experiments, it has been discovered that organic solid waste is classified and treated based on the level of volatiles according to the characteristics of the sintering and / or pelletizing processes. On the one hand, this can improve the efficiency of pretreatment by adopting corresponding pretreatment methods for different volatile contents in order to obtain enrichment and reuse of resources. On the other hand, it can better distribute the pretreated products in the sintering and / or pelletizing procedure (such as pretreated slag that participates in sintering and pelletizing, the reducing gas phase as fuel for sintering and / or pelletizing) in order to maximize the prevention of secondary pollution after the pretreatment of organic solid waste.

[058] Similarly, in the present invention, solid waste with a zinc content greater than Zo% by mass based on solid waste is classified as high-zinc-containing iron solid waste, with Zo values ​​ranging from 1 to 6, preferably from 2 to 4. The zinc-rich iron-containing solid waste is subjected to a reduction and zinc removal process to obtain reduction slag and zinc-containing by-product. The reduction slag is mixed with sintering feedstocks and / or pellets. Solid waste with a chlorine content greater than Co% by mass based on solid waste is classified as high-salt-containing iron solid waste, with Co values ​​ranging from 0.5 to 5, preferably from 1 to 3. The high-salt-containing iron solid waste is subjected to water washing for desalination and separation processes in order to obtain wastewater containing salt and separate filter residue.Wastewater. Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 23 / 149 16 / 49 containing salt, along with wastewater generated from the sintering and / or pelletizing process, are treated through the unified use of wastewater desalination resources. The residue from the separated filter is also mixed with sintering and / or pelletizing feedstocks. For solid waste with low salt and zinc content containing iron, it is mixed directly with sintering and / or pelletizing feedstocks.

[059] In the present invention, since the organic solid waste contains more volatile components (for example, when the organic solid waste is biomass, plastic material, etc., its volatile content is high, generally greater than 50%), it cannot be added directly as an auxiliary material to the mixture of sintering raw materials and / or pellets and, therefore, the organic solid waste is pre-treated with oxidative incineration and the incineration slag is added as an auxiliary material to the sintering raw materials and / or pellets for mixing, while the incineration flue gas after the use of waste heat is mixed with the flue gas from the sintering and / or pelletizing procedure for centralized treatment. In this process, both the high-volatility organic solid and the low-volatility organic solid are subjected to the oxidation incineration procedure to obtain incineration slag and flue gas under high temperature.Incineration slag is mixed with sintering feedstocks and / or pellets for the sintering and / or pelletizing process. Optionally, in the case of low-volatility organic solid waste, it can also be mixed directly with the sintering feedstocks and / or pellets. This can greatly improve the efficiency of the incineration process and reduce the incineration process load.

[060] In the present invention, the aforementioned oxidation incineration can be divided into oxidation incineration based on the dry basis volatile fraction and controllable oxidation incineration. When oxidation incineration based on the dry basis is used Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 24 / 149 17 / 49 dry basis volatile fraction, it is necessary that the dry basis volatile fraction of the incineration slag be less than 5% by mass (preferably less than 4%). This serves to ensure that the addition of incineration slag as an auxiliary material to the mixture of sintered raw materials and / or pellets does not affect the quality of the sintered product and / or pellets. The degree of incineration in this state is denoted as γ1. When controllable oxidation incineration is used, it is also necessary to ensure that the mass percentage of the dry basis volatile fraction in the incineration slag is less than 5% (preferably less than 4%). However, this is controlled by controlling the oxygen supply, incineration time, incineration temperature, etc.The degree of incineration of highly volatile and / or low-volatility organic solid waste in the oxidation incineration procedure is controlled by γ2. This also includes comparing the magnitude of γ1 and γ2 and obtaining γ = MAX(γ1, γ2), where the MAX function is the function for obtaining large values. The actual degree of incineration of the oxidation incineration process is controlled by γ. That is, when oxidative incineration is used to treat organic solid waste, the incineration slag is always satisfied as it can be directly mixed with sintering feedstocks and / or pellets without affecting the final sintering and / or pellet product quality.

[061] In the present invention, the pretreatment of organic solid waste can also be carried out by means of pyrolysis. By pyrolysis of highly volatile organic solid waste and / or low-volatility organic solid waste for dematerialization carbonization and thermal mass distribution, pyrolysis slag and pyrolysis gas are obtained. The pyrolysis slag is mixed with the sintering and / or pelletizing feedstocks to enter the sintering and / or pelletizing procedure. The pyrolysis gas is transported to a sintering machine and sprayed onto the surface of the sintering mixture material in the machine. Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 25 / 149 18 / 49 Sintering by means of blowing and used as sintering fuel. As organic solid waste contains a large amount of volatile organic matter, through pyrolysis it is possible to maximize the gasification of these pyrolytic substances to obtain reusable pyrolysis gas, which can be transported to the sintering and / or pelletizing procedure for reuse; high-volatility organic solid waste and / or low-volatility organic solid waste can be treated at the same time, which presents a good dematerialization effect and causes the pyrolysis gas to have a higher calorific value, which is more suitable for participating in the sintering and / or pelletizing procedure. At the same time, residual pyrolysis slag can be mixed directly with sintering and / or pelletizing raw materials and will not affect the quality of the final sintering and / or pelletizing products.

[062] In the present invention, the pyrolysis of pre-treatment of organic solid waste can be divided into pyrolysis based on dry volatile fraction and controllable pyrolysis. When using pyrolysis based on dry volatile fraction, it is necessary to ensure that the mass percentage of the dry volatile fraction in the pyrolysis slag is less than 5% (preferably less than 4%), in order to guarantee that the addition of incineration slag as an auxiliary material to the mixture of sintering and / or pelletizing raw materials does not affect the quality of the sintering and / or pelletizing product. The pyrolysis rate in this state is denoted as φ1.And, when controllable pyrolysis is used, it is necessary to ensure that the heat corresponds to a φ2 ratio of the total heat of the highly volatile organic solid waste and / or the low-volatility organic solid waste after the allocation of pyrolysis to the pyrolysis gas, with the remaining heat retained in the pyrolysis slag, where φ2 is the heat distribution ratio that maximizes the carbon savings of the sintering or pelletizing procedure after the addition of the pyrolysis gas and slag to the sintering or pelletizing procedure, and φ2 is 60% to 95%, preferably 70% to 92%. It also includes a comparison of... Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 26 / 149 19 / 49 magnitude of φi and φ2 to derive φ=MAH(φi, 92), where the MAX function is the function of assuming a large value. The actual pyrolysis rate of the pyrolysis procedure is controlled as φ. That is, when oxidation incineration is used to treat organic solid waste, the incineration slag can be directly mixed with sintering and / or pelletizing feedstocks without affecting the final quality of the sintering and / or pelletizing product. At the same time, the pyrolysis gas can also be used as fuel for sintering and / or pelletizing processes. This, in turn, maximizes carbon savings in the sintering or pelletizing process.

[063] Pyrolysis slag can be mixed with sintering feedstocks (or pelletizing feedstocks) in the sintering (or pellet oxidation) procedure to provide energy for sintering and save coke. Pyrolysis gas can be sprayed onto the surface of the sintering material (or into the rotary furnace of oxidation pellets) and can also save coke. However, for the same amount of heat, compared to the pyrolysis slag mixing method, the pyrolysis gas spraying method can save more coke; however, it is not advisable to transfer all the heat to the pyrolysis gas and spray it while the pyrolysis slag does not receive heat (i.e., pyrolysis gas 100%, slag 0%), as the high porosity of the pyrolysis slag is also beneficial for improving the gas permeability of the sintered material layer.Thus, there is an ideal solid waste heat distribution ratio that maximizes total carbon savings when heat is supplied to the sintering (or pelletizing) procedure, both in the pyrolysis gas and in the pyrolysis slag. As shown in Figure 7, experimental studies have demonstrated that when the supplemental heat from the pyrolysis gas represents 80-90% and the supplemental heat from the pyrolysis slag is 10-20%, the total coke consumed per unit mass of feedstock is the lowest; that is, when 80-90% of the supplemental solid waste heat in the sintering or pelletizing procedure comes from the supplemental heat of the pyrolysis gas and 10-20% from the pyrolysis slag. Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 27 / 149 20 / 49 achieves the most fuel-efficient state.

[064] In the present invention, it is possible that a proportion φ2 of the total heat of highly volatile organic solid waste and / or low-volatility organic solid waste during pyrolysis enters the pyrolysis gas. The pyrolysis rate is largely related to the pyrolysis time, pyrolysis temperature, particle size of organic solid waste, oxygen input during pyrolysis and the like, which can be expressed as a function relationship:

[065] Ç2=f(t,T,D,n2,nmax),

[066] where t is the pyrolysis time, h; T is the pyrolysis temperature, °C; D is the average particle size of the highly volatile organic solid waste and / or the low-volatility organic solid waste entering the pyrolysis procedure, mm; n2 is the oxygen supplied in the pyrolysis procedure, m3; and n2 < nmax, nmax is the oxygen required for highly volatile organic solid waste and / or low-volatility organic solid waste entering the pyrolysis procedure for complete combustion.

[067] Furthermore, φ2= ^liÈ^i^ii^;

[068] Pyrolysis is the heat released by the pyrolysis of highly volatile organic solids or low-volatility organic solids in the pyrolysis gas during the pyrolysis process;

[069] Qtotai is the total heat of highly volatile organic solid waste or low-volatility organic solid waste, i.e., the heat emitted by the complete combustion of highly volatile organic solid waste and / or low-volatility organic solid waste.

[070] It should be noted that Qtotai is broadly related to the amount of addition (mass) of highly volatile organic solid waste or low-volatility organic solid waste, to the average unit heat value of solid waste. Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 28 / 149 21 / 49 highly volatile organic compounds or low-volatility organic solid waste and combustion efficiency. The functional relationship can be expressed as:

[071] Qtotai=k1-mq

[072] where ki is the combustion efficiency coefficient of high-volatility organic solid waste or low-volatility organic solid waste, with a value of 0.8-1; m is the mass of high-volatility organic solid waste or low-volatility organic solid waste entering the pyrolysis procedure, kg; eq is the average calorific value of high-volatility organic solid waste and / or low-volatility organic solid waste, J / kg.

[073] It should also be noted that pyrolysis release is comprehensively related to the pyrolysis time of highly volatile organic solid waste or low-volatile organic solid waste, to the particle size of highly volatile organic solid waste or low-volatile organic solid waste, to the airflow during pyrolysis, to the oxygen demand for complete combustion of highly volatile organic solid waste or low-volatile organic solid waste and the like, which can be expressed as a functional relationship:

[074] Pyrolysis breakdown—A · t ·lg T · D '(n)&·m· Q

[075] A is a correction factor; t is the pyrolysis time of highly volatile organic solid waste or low-volatility organic solid waste, h; T is the pyrolysis temperature of highly volatile organic solid waste or low-volatility organic solid waste, °C; D is the average particle size of highly volatile organic solid waste or low-volatility organic solid waste entering the pyrolysis procedure, mm; n2 is the air input in the pyrolysis procedure, m3;

[076] and n2 < nmax, nmax is the amount of air required for the complete combustion of highly volatile organic solids or low-volatility organic solids that Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 29 / 149 22 / 49 enter the pyrolysis procedure; a is the particle size correction factor, considering a value of -0.05 to -0.15; and b is the oxygen content correction factor, considering a value of 0.3-1. bbb\ a__„, a .... A . _ .. . n

[077] as described above, by conversion, we obtain: φ = -t ·lgT · Da-I --- I ; k1 I n max J

[078] That is, according to the average particle size of the highly volatile organic solid waste or the low volatile organic solid waste that enters the pyrolysis procedure, by controlling the pyrolysis time t, the pyrolysis temperature T and the oxygen consumption n2 of the pyrolysis procedure, the highly volatile organic solid waste or the low volatile organic solid waste are precisely controlled to pass through the pyrolysis procedure, so that a proportion of heat φ2 in the highly volatile organic solid waste or the low volatile organic solid waste is allocated to the pyrolysis gas and the remaining heat is retained in the pyrolysis slag.In general, there is an ideal value of φ to optimize carbon savings in the sintering and / or pelletizing process; at the same time, pyrolysis conditions require that the dry basis volatile mass percentage content in the pyrolysis slag be less than 5% (preferably less than 4%) to meet the feed requirements of the sintering and / or pelletizing process. φ is regulated by the pyrolysis conditions, φ = ΜΑΧ(φι, φ2), where φ is the ideal value.

[079] In the present invention, organic solid waste and high-zinc, iron-containing solid waste are mixed for collaborative treatment. The mixed solid waste, containing organic solid waste and high-zinc, iron-containing solid waste, will be treated in a rotary reducing furnace. In this process, the energy from the organic solid waste is used to reduce the zinc in the high-zinc, iron-containing solid waste, while the organic solid waste is subjected to pyrolysis to reduce the volatile fraction of the organic solid waste. Furthermore, the mixed solid waste is treated in a rotary reducing furnace. Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 30 / 149 23 / 49 for obtaining pyrolysis slag and reducing gas (including CO, methane, etc.). The pyrolysis slag can directly participate in the sintering and / or pelletizing raw material mixture and enter the sintering and / or pelletizing procedure. The reducing gas is transported to a sintering machine after the removal of zinc, and is sprayed onto the surface of the sintered mixture material in the sintering machine by blowing and used as sintering fuel. Alternatively, the reducing gas can be transported to the pelletizing process after the removal of zinc and used as fuel for incineration of the pellets by oxidation.

[080] In the present invention, solid waste includes solid waste from steel mills and municipal urban solid waste. First, the solid waste is classified according to its own characteristics; then, according to the characteristics of the composition of the solid waste and the demand for raw materials in the sintering and pelletizing procedures, the corresponding pretreatment is applied; finally, the slag, wastewater and waste gas after pretreatment are subjected to the corresponding collaborative treatment, according to the characteristics of the sintering and pelletizing procedures, in order to achieve the goal and effect of reusing the solid waste and harmless treatment.

[081] According to the requirements of the sintering process, there are volatile content requirements in the slag from solid waste pretreatment as feedstock. Excess volatile content leads to a very high sintering rate, which affects the melt agglomeration of the sintering feedstocks; excessive heat is carried away by the volatiles, resulting in insufficient heat in the sintering feedstocks; at the same time, the volatile matter enters the sintering flue gas and it is extremely difficult to treat the volatile matter in the subsequent flue gas purification process, resulting in emissions that do not meet the standards. Therefore, the feedstocks carried to the sintering procedure have stringent limit requirements. Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 31 / 149 24 / 49 superior for the volatile fraction in the raw materials. In the present invention, organic solid waste is classified into high-volatility organic solid waste and low-volatility organic solid waste, based on the dry basis volatile content in the organic solid waste. Different pretreatments are carried out for organic solid waste with different volatile contents. At the same time, by controlling the conditions of the pretreatment process, the objective of controlling the volatile content in the raw materials entering the sintering procedure is achieved, thus ensuring the quality of the products obtained in the sintering procedure and meeting the flue gas emission requirements.

[082] In sintering and pelletizing procedures, zinc has a strong influence on the sintering and pelletizing of ores. Solid waste with a high zinc content is allocated directly to the sintering or pelletizing procedure, which will lead to a continuous cycle of zinc enrichment, resulting in zinc overload in the blast furnace, which is detrimental to the smooth and safe longevity of production. In the present invention, solid waste with a high zinc content is individually sorted, and the solid waste containing zinc is pre-treated in a targeted manner to reduce or remove the zinc content from the solid waste, thus ensuring the zinc content of the raw materials entering the sintering and pelletizing procedures and, therefore, the quality of the sintered and pelletized ores.

[083] In sintering and pelletizing procedures, chlorine has a significant impact on the sintering and pelletizing of ores. The presence of large amounts of chlorine in solid waste increases the generation of dioxins and HCl in the flue gases, increases the cost of flue gas purification, easily leads to equipment corrosion, and reduces its service life. In the present invention, solid waste with a high chlorine content is sorted separately, and the chlorine-containing solid waste is subjected to targeted pretreatment to reduce or Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 32 / 149 25 / 49 remove the chlorine content from solid waste, thus ensuring the chlorine content in the raw materials that enter the sintering and pelletizing procedures and, therefore, guaranteeing the quality of the sintered and pelletized ores.

[084] In the present invention, volatile fractions in organic solid waste (high volatility organic solid waste and / or low volatility organic solid waste) can be treated by incineration or pyrolysis, controlling the degree of incineration to obtain control of the dry basis volatile fraction content of the incineration slag; or controlling the degree of pyrolysis to obtain control of the dry basis volatile fraction content of the pyrolysis slag.

[085] In the sintering or pelletizing procedure, the raw materials undergo sintering or oxidative incineration. During this process, the heat for sintering or oxidative incineration comes from two sources: one part comes from the internal carbon of the raw materials, i.e., the raw materials themselves contain a portion of fuel for sintering or oxidative incineration; the other part comes from external heating during the sintering or pelletizing procedure, such as raw materials being sintered in the sintering machine by spraying fuel gas into the machine; or the raw materials may be oxidatively roasted in a rotary kiln and coal dust or fuel gas is sprayed into the kiln. Organic solid waste contains a large amount of combustible carbon and can be used as fuel.

[086] During the incineration or pyrolysis of organic solid waste, the combustible carbon in the organic solid waste will be incinerated or pyrolyzed, the combustible material will first enter the gas and, as the incineration or pyrolysis progresses, the combustible material will react further. The present invention treats organic solid waste by pyrolysis, firstly, to reduce the volatile fraction in the organic solid waste and to ensure that the pyrolysis slag enters the sintering or pelletizing procedure to meet the volatile fraction requirements in the raw materials; in Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 33 / 149 26 / 49 Second place, the combustible materials (components with calorific value) in the organic solid waste are pyrolyzed, so that some of the heat in the organic solid waste enters the pyrolysis gas through pyrolysis.

[087] Through continuous experimental research, the inventors have cleverly discovered that, in the sintering or pelletizing procedure, the amount of heat required for oxidative sintering or incineration per unit mass of raw materials is certain, but the heat source is different and the fuel consumed is also different. That is, the rate of utilization of the heat used for oxidative sintering or incineration varies according to the heat source. Adjusting the fuel in the raw materials and the fuel ratio in the sintering or pelletizing procedure can achieve different degrees of efficiency in heat utilization.Through experimental research, as shown in Figure 7, when the proportion of heat supply in the sintering or pelletizing process reaches 80-90% and the proportion of heat supply by internal fuel in the raw materials is 10-20%, the heat utilization rate is the highest, the total fuel consumption is the lowest, and the carbon savings reach the maximum value.

[088] Therefore, in the present invention, while ensuring that the pyrolysis slag can meet the requirements for entering the sintering and pelletizing procedures, the pyrolysis rate of the pyrolysis procedure is controlled to be φ2, by adjusting the process conditions; so that, after the high-volatility organic solid waste and / or the low-volatility organic solid waste are pyrolyzed, a proportion of φ2 of the total heat from the high-volatility organic solid waste and / or the low-volatility organic solid waste is allocated to the pyrolysis gas and the remaining heat is retained in the pyrolysis slag; wherein φ2 is the heat distribution ratio that maximizes the carbon economy of the sintering or pelletizing procedure after the addition of pyrolysis gas and slag to the sintering or pelletizing procedure and φ2 is preferably 60%-95%. Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 34 / 149 27 / 49 70%-92%, and preferably 80-90%.

[089] The heat allocated to the pyrolysis gas is transported to the sintering machine, where it is sprayed onto the surface of the sintering mixture material for use as sintering fuel; alternatively, the pyrolysis gas is transported to the pelletizing procedure to be used as fuel in the oxidation incineration of the pellets; it is used as external heat for the raw materials in sintering or oxidation incineration; the heat retained in the pyrolysis slag is used as internal fuel for the raw materials. Through this process, the utilization of heat from organic solid waste is maximized and fuel economy is maximized.

[090] Furthermore, through the inventors' research and experiments, it is concluded that the control of the degree of pyrolysis is directly related to the pyrolysis time, the pyrolysis temperature, the average particle size of the highly volatile and / or low-volatility organic solids that enter the pyrolysis process, and the amount of oxygen released during the pyrolysis procedure. In this embodiment, the degree of pyrolysis of organic solid waste with high or low volatility can be precisely controlled by controlling the pyrolysis time t, the pyrolysis temperature T, and the oxygen consumption n2 of the pyrolysis procedure according to the average particle size of the highly volatile or low-volatility organic solid waste that enters the pyrolysis procedure.Through the pyrolysis procedure, a proportion of φ2 of the heat from highly volatile organic solid waste or low-volatility organic solid waste is allocated to the pyrolysis gas, and the remaining heat is retained in the pyrolysis slag. The specific control is:

[091] A . . φ2= —t lgT D ki

[092] In the present invention, when the organic solid waste is a solid waste that is easily pyrolyzed, such as biomass, plastic material, etc., with a high volatile content Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 35 / 149 28 / 49 (generally greater than 50%) and easily volatilized under high temperature, a=-0.06~-0.08, b=0.6~0.7; when the organic solid waste is a moderately difficult pyrolysis solid waste, such as tar sludge, with a volatile content of 20~50%, a=0.08~-0.10, b=0.5~0.6; and, when the organic solid waste is a difficult pyrolysis solid waste, such as oily sludge, with a volatile content of 10-20% and not easily volatile under high temperature, a=-0.10~-0.13, b=0.3~0.5. A is the correction factor, which assumes the value of 0.5-1.

[093] Compared with existing technology, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention proposes a process for disposing of concentrated solid steel waste in sintering and / or pelletizing procedures, in which solid waste from multiple sources generated by the steel mill is classified and pretreated in different ways and then enters the sintering and / or pelletizing procedures for final disposal, and the pretreatment slag generated by the pretreatment enters the sintering and pelletizing procedures for final disposal, while the exhaust gases generated during the pretreatment procedure can also be incorporated into the sintering flue gas for collaborative purification.Wastewater generated from additional pre-treatment is also treated through the unified use of wastewater desalination resources, ultimately achieving the complete disposal of various solid wastes and completely eliminating the impact of solid waste on the environment and the risk of secondary pollution. 2. The present invention also mixes organic solid waste and high-zinc-content iron-containing solid waste for collaborative disposal, using the energy from the organic solid waste to reduce the zinc content in the high-zinc-content iron-containing solid waste, while the organic solid waste is pyrolyzed to decrease the volatile fraction in the organic solid waste. Furthermore, the solid waste... Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 36 / 149 29 / 49 mixed materials are treated in a rotary reduction furnace to obtain pyrolysis slag and a reducing gas (containing CO, methane, etc.). The pyrolysis slag and reducing gas are finally returned to the sintering and / or pelletizing process for carbon reduction in the sintering and / or pelletizing procedures, as well as for resource utilization of organic solid waste and high-zinc-content iron-containing solid waste in collaborative disposal. Brief description of the figures

[094] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the solid waste treatment process focusing on the sintering and pelletizing procedures of the present invention.

[095] Figure 2 is a flowchart of the classification of solid waste of the present invention.

[096] Figure 3 shows the solid waste sorting pattern and sorting pretreatment flowchart of the present invention.

[097] Figure 4 is a flowchart of the incineration treatment by oxidation of highly volatile organic solid waste or low-volatility organic solid waste of the present invention.

[098] Figure 5 is a flowchart of the pyrolysis treatment of highly volatile organic solid waste or low-volatility organic solid waste of the present invention.

[099] Figure 6 is a flowchart of the collaborative treatment of organic solid waste and high-zinc-content iron-containing solid waste of the present invention.

[100] Figure 7 shows the relationship curve between the proportion of heat content in the pyrolysis gas in the total heat of the original solid residue and the carbon savings in the sintering procedure. Detailed description of the invention

[101] The technical solutions of the present invention are described below by way of example and the scope of protection sought by the invention includes, but is not limited to Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 37 / 149 30 / 49 following achievements.

[102] Example 1

[103] Solid waste treatment process focused on sintering and pelletizing procedures, comprising the following steps: (1) Classification of solid waste: Solid waste from the steel company and municipal solid waste are classified into organic solid waste, high zinc content iron-containing solid waste, low salt content iron-containing solid waste and high salt content iron-containing solid waste. (2) solid waste pretreatment: after the classification of solid waste in step (1), each type of solid waste is pretreated separately to obtain pretreatment slag, pretreatment wastewater, pretreatment waste gas and by-products; and (3) collaborative waste disposal: The pretreatment slag obtained in step (2) is mixed with sintering feedstocks and pelletizing feedstocks and then the resulting mixture is transported to the sintering and pelletizing procedures; the pretreatment waste gas is treated together with the waste gas generated by the sintering and pelletizing procedures; and the pretreatment wastewater is treated with the wastewater from the sintering and pelletizing procedures.

[104] Example 2

[105] Example 1 is repeated, except that the aforementioned solid waste from steel companies and municipal solid waste are solid waste containing organic carbon (combustible carbon) and solid waste containing iron. The classification of solid waste described in step (1) is specifically: the solid waste is subjected to a compositional detection, which includes industrial analysis, elemental analysis and calorific value analysis, wherein the industrial analysis includes a dry basis volatile content test, a moisture content test and a test of Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 38 / 149 31 / 49 ash. Elemental analysis includes the detection of iron, zinc, and chlorine content. Calorific value analysis is a test of the calorific value of combustion of the solid waste. Based on the results of the compositional detections, the solid waste is classified in the following order:

[106] (a1) solid waste containing organic carbon is classified as organic solid waste;

[107] (a2) solid waste containing zinc is classified as high zinc content iron content solid waste;

[108] (a3) ​​solid waste containing chlorine is divided into solid waste with a high salt content containing iron; and

[109] (a4) the remainder are solid waste with low salt and zinc content containing iron.

[110] Example 3

[111] Example 2 is repeated, except that the organic solid waste is classified into high-volatility organic solid waste and low-volatility organic solid waste according to the dry volatile fraction content in the organic solid waste. Organic solid wastes with a dry basis volatile fraction content greater than or equal to Ho% by mass are high-volatility organic solid wastes, and organic solid wastes with a dry basis volatile fraction content less than Ho% by mass are low-volatility organic solid wastes. The aforementioned high-zinc-containing iron solid wastes have a zinc content greater than Zo% by mass. The aforementioned high-salt-containing iron solid wastes have a chlorine content greater than Co% by mass. In this example, Ho is 6, Zo is 2, and Co is 0.8.

[112] Example 4

[113] Example 2 is repeated, except that organic solid waste is classified into high-volatility organic solid waste and low-volatility organic solid waste, according to the dry volatile fraction content in the organic solid waste. Organic solid waste with a dry volatile fraction content greater than or equal to Ho% Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 39 / 149 32 / 49 by mass are highly volatile organic solid wastes, and organic solid wastes with a volatile dry basis fraction content of less than Ho% by mass are low-volatility organic solid wastes. The aforementioned high-zinc-containing iron solid wastes have a zinc content greater than Zo% by mass. The aforementioned high-salt-containing iron solid wastes have a chlorine content greater than Co% by mass. In this example, Ho is 9, Zo is 3, and Co is 1.2.

[114] Example 5

[115] Example 3 is repeated and the solid waste pretreatment described in step (2) comprises:

[116] (b1) High-speed organic solid waste is subjected to an oxidative incineration procedure to obtain incineration slag and high-temperature combustion gases. The incineration slag is mixed with sintering and pelletizing feedstocks and enters the sintering and pelletizing procedures; and

[117] (b2) low-volatility organic solid waste is subjected to an oxidative incineration procedure to obtain incineration slag and high-temperature combustion gases. The incineration slag is mixed with the sintering and pelletizing feedstocks and enters the sintering and pelletizing procedures.

[118] Example 6

[119] Example 4 is repeated, except that the pre-treatment of solid waste described in Step (2) includes:

[120] (b1) highly volatile organic solid waste is subjected to an oxidation incineration procedure to obtain incineration slag and high-temperature combustion gases. The incineration slag is mixed with sintering and pelletizing feedstocks to enter the sintering and pelletizing processes; and Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 40 / 149 33 / 49

[121] (b2) low volatility organic solid waste is mixed directly with sintering and pelletizing feedstocks.

[122] Example 7

[123] Example 5 is repeated, except that the degree of incineration of the oxidation incineration procedure is controlled in yi, such that: the incineration slag has a volatile content on a dry basis of less than 5% by mass after the aforementioned highly volatile organic solids and the aforementioned low-volatility organic solids have undergone the oxidation incineration procedure.

[124] Example 8

[125] Example 6 is repeated, except that the degree of incineration of the oxidation incineration procedure is controlled in yi, such that: the incineration slag has a volatile content on a dry basis of less than 4% by mass after the aforementioned highly volatile organic solids and the aforementioned low-volatility organic solids have been passed through the oxidation incineration procedure.

[126] Example 9

[127] Example 7 is repeated, except that the aforementioned oxidation incineration is a controllable incineration. Controllable incineration serves to control the process conditions of the oxidation incineration procedure and therefore the degree of incineration of the oxidation incineration. By controlling the oxygen supply, the incineration time and the incineration temperature of the high-volatility organic solid waste and the low-volatility organic solid waste in the oxidation incineration procedure, the degree of incineration of the oxidation incineration procedure is controlled as γ2; γ2 is the value of the degree of incineration that causes the combustible material in the combustion gas under high temperature to be completely burned, γ2 and [0,1]; γ2 is 0, which means that the combustible material in the gas Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 41 / 149 34 / 49 of combustion under high temperature is the maximum value and the minimum degree of incineration; and Y2 is 1, which means that the combustible material in the combustion gas under high temperature is the minimum value and the maximum degree of incineration.

[128] Example 10

[129] Example 9 is repeated, except that the magnitudes of yi and γ2 are compared to generate γ = MAX(yi, γ2), where the MAX function is the function that assumes the largest value. The actual degree of incineration of the oxidation incineration process is controlled as γ.

[130] Example 11

[131] Example 3 is repeated, except that the pre-treatment of solid waste described in step (2) specifically includes:

[132] (c1) High-velocity organic solid waste is subjected to a pyrolysis process to obtain pyrolysis slag and pyrolysis gas; the pyrolysis slag is mixed with the sintering raw materials and enters the sintering process; the pyrolysis gas is transported to the sintering machine and sprayed onto the surface of the sintered mixture material in the sintering machine and used as sintering fuel;

[133] (c2) low-volatility organic solid waste is subjected to a pyrolysis process to obtain pyrolysis slag and pyrolysis gas; the pyrolysis slag is mixed with the sintering raw materials and enters the sintering procedure; and the pyrolysis gas is transported to the sintering machine and sprayed onto the surface of the sintered mixture material in the sintering machine and used as sintering fuel;

[134] (c3) solid waste with a high zinc content containing iron is subjected to a zinc reduction and removal procedure to obtain reduction slag and zinc-containing by-products;

[135] (c4) solid waste with a high salt content containing iron is subjected to Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 42 / 149 35 / 49 washing, desalination and water separation procedures to obtain wastewater containing salt and separated filter residues; and

[136] (c5) solid waste with low zinc content and iron-containing salt is mixed directly with sintering and pelletizing feedstocks.

[137] Example 12

[138] Example 4 is repeated, except that the pre-treatment of solid waste described in Step (2) specifically includes:

[139] (c1) highly volatile organic solid waste is subjected to a pyrolysis procedure to obtain pyrolysis slag and pyrolysis gas; the pyrolysis slag is mixed with pelletizing feedstocks and enters the pelletizing procedure; and the pyrolysis gas is transferred to the pelletizing procedure for use as fuel for oxidation incineration of the pellets;

[140] (c2) low-volatility organic solid waste is subjected to a pyrolysis process to obtain pyrolysis residue and pyrolysis gas; the pyrolysis residue is mixed with pelletizing feedstocks and enters the pelletizing procedure; and the pyrolysis gas is transferred to the pelletizing procedure for use as fuel for incineration of the pellets by oxidation; [141 ] (c3) solid waste with a high zinc content containing iron is subjected to a reduction and zinc removal process to obtain reduction slag and by-products containing zinc;

[142] (c4) solid waste with a high salt content containing iron is subjected to a washing, desalination and water separation process to obtain wastewater containing salt and separated filter residues; and

[143] (c5) solid waste with low salt content and containing iron is mixed directly with sintering and pelletizing feedstocks.

[144] Example 13

[145] Example 11 is repeated, except for the fact that the pyrolysis rate of Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 43 / 149 36 / 49 The pyrolysis incineration procedure is controlled in φi, such that: after the aforementioned high-volatility organic solid waste and low-volatility organic solid waste have been subjected to the pyrolysis procedure, the percentage by mass of the dry volatile fraction in the pyrolysis slag is less than 5%.

[146] Example 14

[147] Example 12 is repeated, except that the pyrolysis rate of the pyrolysis incineration process is controlled at φ1, such that: the percentage content of dry volatile fraction in the pyrolysis slag is less than 4% by mass after the aforementioned high-volatility organic solid waste and low-volatility organic solid waste have been subjected to the pyrolysis procedure.

[148] Example 15

[149] Example 13 is repeated, except that the pyrolysis rate in the pyrolysis procedure is controlled in φ2 by controlling the process conditions of the high-volatility organic solid and the low-volatility organic solid, so that after the pyrolysis of the high-volatility organic solids and the low-volatility organic solids, a proportion of φ2 of the total heat of the high-volatility organic solids and the low-volatility organic solids is allocated to the pyrolysis gas and the remaining heat is retained in the pyrolysis slag, wherein φ2 is the heat distribution rate that maximizes the carbon economy of the sintering procedure when the pyrolysis gas and slag are added to the sintering procedure and φ2 is 80%.

[150] Example 16

[151] Example 15 is repeated, except that φ2 is 85%.

[152] Example 17

[153] Example 14 is repeated, except that the pyrolysis rate in the pyrolysis process is controlled in φ2 by controlling the process conditions of the high-volatility organic solid and the low-volatility organic solid, so that, Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 44 / 149 37 / 49 after the pyrolysis of high-volatility organic solids and low-volatility organic solids, a proportion of φ2 of the total heat from the high-volatility organic solid and the low-volatility organic solid is allocated to the pyrolysis gas and the remaining heat is retained in the pyrolysis slag, where φ2 is the heat distribution rate that maximizes the carbon economy of the pelletizing procedure when pyrolysis gas and slag are added to the pelletizing procedure and φ2 is 82%.

[154] Example 18

[155] Example 17 is repeated, except that φ2 is 90%.

[156] Example 19

[157] Example 15 is repeated, except that the magnitude of φ1 and φ2 is compared to derive φ = ΜΑΧ(φι, φ2), where the MAX function is the function that takes the larger value. The actual pyrolysis rate for the pyrolysis procedure is controlled by φ.

[158] Example 20

[159] Example 18 is repeated, except that the magnitude of φ1 and φ2 is compared to derive φ = ΜΑΧ(φι, φ2), where the MAX function is the function that takes the larger value. The actual pyrolysis rate for the pyrolysis procedure is controlled by φ.

[160] Example 21

[161] Example 16 is repeated, except that the process conditions of the pyrolysis procedure are controlled so that a proportion of φ2 of the total heat of the high-volatility organic solid waste and the low-volatility organic solid waste enters the pyrolysis gas during the pyrolysis procedure.

[162] Example 22

[163] Example 17 is repeated, except that the pyrolysis process conditions are controlled so that a φ2 ratio of the total heat from the high-volatility organic solid waste and the low-volatility organic solid waste enters the pyrolysis gas during the pyrolysis procedure.

[164] Example 23 Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, pp. 45 / 149 38 / 49

[165] Example 22 is repeated, except that φ2=f (t,T,D,n2,nmax), where t is the pyrolysis time, h; T is the pyrolysis temperature, °C; D is the particle size distribution of the highly volatile organic solid waste and the low-volatility organic solid waste entering the pyrolysis procedure, in millimeters; n2 is the amount of oxygen supplied in the pyrolysis procedure, m3; and n2 <nmax, em que nmax é a quantidade de oxigênio necessária para a combustão completa de sólidos orgânicos de alta e baixa volatilidade que entram no procedimento de pirólise.

[166] Example 24

[167] Example 23 is repeated, except for the fact that φ2=Qllberaçã0 depirolise;

[168] Pyrolysis release is the heat released from the pyrolysis of highly volatile organic solids or low-volatility organic solids into the pyrolysis gas during the pyrolysis process;

[169] Qtotai is the total heat of high-volatility organic solid waste or low-volatility organic solid waste, i.e., the heat emitted by the complete combustion of high-volatility organic solid waste and low-volatility organic solid waste.

[170] Example 25

[171] Example 24 is repeated, except for the fact that Qtotai = k1-mq;

[172] ki is the combustion efficiency coefficient of high-volatility organic solid waste or low-volatility organic solid waste, with a value of 0.81; m is the mass of high-volatility organic solid waste or low-volatility organic solid waste that enters the pyrolysis procedure, kg; q is the average calorific value of high-volatility organic solid waste and low-volatility organic solid waste, J / kg.

[173] Example 26

[174] Example 25 is repeated, except for the fact that Qubera&o de pirólise = At- Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, pp. 46 / 149 39 / 49 ^•-a·!—)·mo;

[175] where A is the correction factor, with a value of 0.8; t is the pyrolysis time of the highly volatile organic solid waste or the low-volatility organic solid waste, h; T is the pyrolysis temperature of the highly volatile organic solid waste or the low-volatility organic solid waste, °C; D is the average particle size of the highly volatile organic solid waste or the low-volatility organic solid waste that enters the pyrolysis procedure, mm; n2 is the air input in the pyrolysis procedure, m3;

[176] and n2 < nmax, where nmax is the amount of air required for the complete combustion of highly volatile organic solids or low-volatility organic solids that enter the pyrolysis process; a is the particle size correction factor, with a value of -0.08; and b is the oxygen content correction factor, with a value of 0.4.

[177] Example 27

[178] Example 26 is repeated, except that a takes a value of -0.1 and b takes a value of 0.6.

[179] Example 28 bb\ An i φ = -t · lg T · D · I kk^·, kkr .k

[180] Example 26 is repeated, except for the fact that 1m /

[181] That is, according to the average particle size of the highly volatile organic solid waste or the low-volatility organic solid waste entering the pyrolysis procedure, by controlling the pyrolysis time t, the pyrolysis temperature T and the oxygen consumption n2 of the pyrolysis procedure, the highly volatile organic solid waste or the low-volatility organic solid waste are precisely controlled to pass through the pyrolysis procedure, so that a proportion of heat φ2 in the highly volatile organic solid waste or the low-volatility organic solid waste is allocated to the pyrolysis gas and the remaining heat is retained in the slag Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, pp. 47 / 149 40 / 49 of pyrolysis.

[182] Example 29 A ( n Ίb= -t ·lgT · Da · ---, ...... n

[183] ​​Example 27 is repeated, except for the fact that1 v ma;

[184] that is, according to the particle size of the high-volatility organic solid waste or the low-volatility organic solid waste that enters the pyrolysis procedure, by controlling the pyrolysis time t, the pyrolysis temperature T and the oxygen consumption n2 of the pyrolysis procedure, the high-volatility organic solid waste or the low-volatility organic solid waste are precisely controlled to pass through the pyrolysis procedure, so that a proportion of heat φ2 in the high-volatility organic solid waste or the low-volatility organic solid waste is allocated to the pyrolysis gas and the remaining heat is retained in the pyrolysis slag.

[185] Example 30

[186] Example 29 is repeated, except that the organic solid waste and the high-zinc-containing iron solid waste are mixed to obtain a mixed solid waste, which is treated in a rotary reducing furnace. In this process, the energy in the organic solid waste is used to reduce the zinc in the high-zinc-containing iron solid waste, while the organic solid waste is pyrolyzed to decrease the volatile fraction in the organic solid waste.

[187] Example 31

[188] Example 30 is repeated, except that the mixed solid waste is treated in a rotary reducing furnace to obtain pyrolysis slag and a reducing gas. The pyrolysis slag is mixed with the sintering material and fed into the sintering procedure. The reducing gas has zinc removed and is conveyed to the sintering machine, where it is sprayed onto the surface of the sintering mixture material in the sintering machine by means of blowing and used as Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, pp. 48 / 149 41 / 49 sintering fuel.

[189] Example 32

[190] Example 30 is repeated, except that the mixed solid residue is treated in a rotary reducing furnace to obtain pyrolysis slag and a reducing gas. The pyrolysis slag is mixed with the pelletizing feedstocks and fed to the pelletizing process. The reducing gas has the zinc removed and is transported to the pelletizing process, where it is used as fuel for incineration of the pellets by oxidation.

[191] Application Example 1

[192] Solid waste treatment process concentrated in sintering and pelletizing procedures, in which the process comprises the following steps: (1) Solid wastes containing organic carbon are classified as organic solid wastes and organic solid wastes with a volatile dry basis fraction content greater than or equal to 8% by mass are classified as highly volatile organic solid wastes; and organic solid wastes with a volatile dry basis fraction content less than 8% by mass are classified as low volatile organic solid wastes. High-zinc-content solid wastes containing iron have a zinc content of more than 2.5% by mass. High-salt-content solid wastes containing iron have a chlorine content of more than 1.5% by mass.The remaining solid waste consists of low-salt and zinc-containing iron-containing solid waste; and (2) the aforementioned high-volatility organic solid waste consists of tar slag with a 40% volatile content on a dry basis; the low-volatility organic solid waste consists of powdered activated carbon waste with a 5% volatile content on a dry basis; both the tar slag and the powdered activated carbon waste are subjected to an oxidation incineration procedure.

[193] For oxidative incineration based on the dry basis volatile fraction, the high degree of incineration yi for the oxidative incineration of tar slag is controlled at 0.6 Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, pp. 49 / 149 42 / 49 and the low degree of incineration γι for the oxidative incineration of powdered activated carbon waste is controlled at 0.9, so that the content of the dry basis volatile fraction of the incineration slag is less than 4% by mass after the aforementioned high volatility organic solid waste and low volatility organic solid waste are subjected to the oxidative incineration procedure.

[194] When oxidation incineration is controllable: through calculation, the high degree of incineration γ2 of the tar slag oxidation incineration process is controlled at 0.8, the low degree of incineration γ2 of the activated carbon powder waste oxidation incineration procedure is controlled at 0.7, so that the combustible material in the combustion gas under high temperature is completely burned. γ high = MAX (yi high, γ2 high), where, in the formula, the MAX function is the function of obtaining a large value. That is, the actual degree of incineration Y high in the tar slag oxidation incineration process is controlled at 0.8. Y low = MAX (yi low, γ2 low), where, in the formula, the MAX function is the function of obtaining a large value. The actual degree of incineration γ low in the oxidation incineration procedure of powdered activated carbon waste is controlled at 0.9.

[195] Solid waste with a high zinc content containing iron is subjected to a zinc reduction and removal procedure, resulting in reduction slag and a zinc-containing byproduct.

[196] Solid waste with a high salt content containing iron is desalinated by washing with water and separated to produce wastewater containing salt and a separate filter residue.

[197] Low-salt and zinc-containing iron-containing solid waste is mixed directly with the sintering feedstocks.

[198] (3) The pretreatment slag obtained in step (2) is mixed with the sintering feedstocks and then the resulting mixture is conveyed to the sintering procedure. The pretreatment waste gas is treated with the gas Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 50 / 149 43 / 49 residual generated by the sintering process. Pre-treatment wastewater is treated together with the wastewater generated from the sintering process.

[199] Application Example 2

[200] A solid waste treatment process focused on sintering and pelletizing procedures, in which the process comprises the following steps: (1) Solid wastes containing organic carbon are classified as organic solid wastes, and organic solid wastes with a volatile fraction content on a dry basis greater than or equal to 8% by mass are classified as highly volatile organic solid wastes; and organic solid wastes with a volatile fraction content on a dry basis less than 8% by mass are classified as low volatile organic solid wastes. High-zinc-containing iron solid wastes have a zinc content of more than 2.5% by mass. High-salt-containing iron solid wastes have a chlorine content of more than 1.5% by mass.The remaining solid waste consists of low-salt and zinc-containing iron-containing solid waste; and (2) the highly volatile organic solid waste is tar slag with a 40% dry volatile content; the tar slag is subjected to the pyrolysis procedure: when pyrolysis is based on dry volatile content, the pyrolysis rate φ1 is 92.3%, so that the dry volatile content of the pyrolysis slag is less than 5% by mass after the highly volatile organic solid waste and the low-volatility organic solid waste are subjected to the pyrolysis procedure. When pyrolysis is controllable pyrolysis: the pyrolysis rate is φ2: the value at which the ideal energy-saving effect of sintering is achieved when the pyrolysis slag and pyrolysis gas enter the sintering procedure simultaneously. φ=MACH(φi, φ2), where the MAX function is the function for obtaining the largest value. The actual pyrolysis rate of the pyrolysis procedure is controlled by φ. Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 51 / 149 44 / 49

[201] Solid waste with a high zinc content containing iron is subjected to a zinc reduction and removal procedure, resulting in reduction slag and a zinc-containing byproduct.

[202] Solid waste with a high salt content containing iron is desalinated by washing with water and separated to produce salt wastewater and a separate filter residue.

[203] Low-salt and zinc-containing iron-containing solid waste is mixed directly with pelletizing feedstocks.

[204] (3) The pretreatment slag obtained in step (2) is mixed with the pelletizing feedstocks and then the resulting mixture is conveyed to the pelletizing procedure. The pretreatment waste gas together with the waste gas generated from the pelletizing procedure is treated. The pretreatment wastewater is treated together with the wastewater generated from the pelletizing procedure.

[205] Pyrolysis time t=0.35 h. Pyrolysis temperature T=612°C. The average particle size of the high and low volatility organic solid waste entering the pyrolysis procedure is D = 5 mm. n2, i.e., the oxygen required in the pyrolysis procedure = 1.95 m3 (per kg of tar slag). nmax, i.e., the oxygen required for high volatility organic solid waste and low volatility organic solid waste entering the pyrolysis procedure for complete combustion = 3.38 m3 (per kg of tar slag). The combustion efficiency factor ki for high volatility organic solid waste assumes a value of 0.85. The mass of high volatility organic solid waste entering the pyrolysis procedure is m = 500 kg / h. The average calorific value of high volatility organic solid waste and low volatility organic solid waste is q = 21453 J / kg. The particle size correction factor 'a' assumes a value of -0.08.The oxygen correction factor b is 0.5. The correction factor A is 1.10. Therefore, Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 52 / 149 45 / 49

[206] Qtotal=krmq=9.11GJ / h; / X* Qpyrolysis re'ease = .4- Γ - 1g T - Dn- —— -IH-fl

[207] ~ ' =Qtotal-88%=7.69GJ / h.

[208] Because φ2=Q™^ofPyrolysis, through conversion: Qtotal

[209] = 84.3%

[210] Since φ1>φ2, φ=MAH(92.3%, 84.3%)=92.3%. Both high-volatility and low-volatility organic solid wastes undergo the pyrolysis procedure, so the actual pyrolysis rate is φ=92.3%.

[211] Application Example 3

[212] Solid waste treatment process concentrated in sintering and pelletizing procedures, in which the process comprises the following steps: (1) Solid wastes containing organic carbon are classified as organic solid wastes, and organic solid wastes with a volatile dry basis fraction content greater than or equal to 8% by mass are classified as highly volatile organic solid wastes; and organic solid wastes with a volatile dry basis fraction content less than 8% by mass are classified as low volatile organic solid wastes. High-zinc-containing iron solid wastes have a d,Js content of 2.8% by mass. High-salt-containing earth solid wastes have a chlorine content of more than 1.3% by mass. The remaining solid wastes are low-salt and low-zinc-containing iron solid wastes. (2) Low-volatility organic solid waste consists of activated carbon powder waste with a 5% dry volatile content; the activated carbon powder waste is subjected to a pyrolysis procedure: when pyrolysis is based on the dry volatile content, the pyrolysis rate φι is 72.5%, so that: after the activated carbon powder waste is subjected to the pyrolysis process, the dry volatile content of the pyrolysis slag is Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 53 / 149 46 / 49 less than 4.5% by mass. When pyrolysis is controllable: the pyrolysis rate is φ2. φ=MAX(φ1, φ2), where the MAX function is the function to obtain the largest value. The actual pyrolysis rate of the pyrolysis procedure is controlled by φ.

[213] Solid waste with a high zinc content containing iron is subjected to a zinc reduction and removal procedure, resulting in reduction slag and a zinc-containing byproduct.

[214] The high-salt solid residue containing iron is desalinated by washing with water and separated to produce wastewater containing salt and a separate filter residue.

[215] The low-salt, zinc-containing solid residue containing iron is mixed directly with the sintering raw materials.

[216] (3) The pretreatment slag obtained from step (2) is mixed with the sintering feedstocks and then the resulting mixture is conveyed to the sintering procedure. The pretreatment waste gas together with the waste gas generated from the sintering procedure is treated. The pretreatment wastewater is treated together with the wastewater generated from the sintering procedure.

[217] Pyrolysis time t=0.55 h. Pyrolysis temperature T=588°C. The particle size of the high and low volatility organic solid waste entering the pyrolysis procedure is D = 0.1 mm. n2, i.e., the oxygen supply in the pyrolysis procedure = 1.04 m3 (per kg of activated carbon powder). nmax, i.e., the oxygen required for activated carbon powder waste entering the pyrolysis procedure for complete combustion = 3.54 m3 (per kg of activated carbon powder). The combustion efficiency factor ki for activated carbon powder waste has a value of 0.8. The mass of activated carbon powder waste entering the pyrolysis procedure is m = 500 kg / h. The average calorific value of the residual activated carbon powder is q=18571 J / kg. The particle size correction factor a is -0.11. The oxygen correction factor b is 0.8. The factor of Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 54 / 149 47 / 49 correction A is 0.95. Therefore,

[218] Qtotai=krmq=6.50GJ / h; / V 7Ϊ-Ί Qpyroiysis release = -if -IgZ - Da- —— -Ul-fi

[219] =Qtotai-87.5%=7.43GJ / h.

[220] Because <p2=qllbera^°depirolise^ através da conversão:Qtotal A í φ2=^ί·\%Τ·ία· —

[221] 1=87.5%

[222] Como fi <ψ2, φ="87,5%.<br" 87,5%)="87,5%." tanto os resíduos sólidos orgânicos de alta volatilidade quanto baixa passam pelo procedimento pirólise, modo que a taxa real pirólise seja>

[223] With the technical solutions of Application Example 2 and Application Example 3, using the same sintering feedstocks, pelletizing feedstocks and organic solid waste, only adjusting the pyrolysis rate to adjust the heat allocated to the pyrolysis gas, different experiments were carried out and the results are as follows: Pyrolysis release Experiment number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pyrolysis rate φ2 50% 60% 70% 75% 80% 82% 85% 90% 95% 100% Sintering procedure: carbon savings by 1.46 1.71 1.88 2.02 2.20 2.36 2.52 2.45 2.38 2.21 Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 55 / 149 48 / 49 Unit mass of sintered raw materials, kgce / t of sintered raw materials. Pelletizing procedure: gas savings per unit mass of pelletizing raw materials to be incinerated, kgce / t of pelletizing raw materials.

[224] According to the experiments above, it can be observed that when organic solid waste is subjected to the pyrolysis procedure, the pyrolysis rate is controlled at 85%. The pyrolysis gas generated from the pyrolysis is transported to the Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 56 / 149 49 / 49 sintering or pelletizing procedure and the pyrolysis slag is mixed with the sintering or pelletizing raw materials. In this state, the amount of fuel (coke or gas) saved reaches its maximum value. Petition 870230087360, dated 02 / 10 / 2023, page 57 / 149

Claims

1 / 9 CLAIMS 1. A process for treating solid waste concentrated in sintering and pelletizing procedures, characterized in that it comprises: (1) classification of solid waste: solid waste from steel companies and / or municipal urban waste is classified as: (a1) solid waste containing organic carbon as organic solid waste; (a2) solid waste containing zinc as high-zinc-containing iron solid waste; (a3) ​​solid waste containing chlorine as high-salt-containing iron solid waste; and (a4) low-salt and zinc-containing iron solid waste; organic solid waste is classified as high-volatility organic solid waste and low-volatility organic solid waste, according to the dry basis volatile content in the organic solid waste; (2) pre-treatment of solid waste: after the classification of solid waste in step (1), each type of solid waste is pre-treated separately to obtain pre-treatment slag, pre-treatment wastewater, pre-treatment exhaust gases and by-products; wherein the pre-treatment of solid waste (2) comprises: (b1) highly volatile organic solid waste is subjected to an oxidation incineration procedure to obtain incineration slag and combustion gases under high temperature; and the incineration slag is mixed with sintering feedstocks and / or pelletizing feedstocks to enter a sintering and / or pelletizing procedure; (b2) low volatile organic solid waste is subjected to an oxidation incineration procedure to obtain incineration slag and gases Petition 870250083529, dated 17 / 09 / 2025, p. 44 / 54 2 / 9 of combustion under high temperature; the incineration slag is mixed withthe sintering feedstocks and / or pelletizing feedstocks to enter the sintering and / or pelletizing procedure; or low-volatility organic solid waste is mixed directly with the sintering and / or pelletizing feedstocks; the degree of incineration of the oxidation incineration procedure is controlled in yi, so that the dry basis volatile content in the incineration slag after the aforementioned high-volatility organic solid waste and / or low-volatility organic solid waste has been subjected to the oxidation incineration process is less than 5% by mass; and (3) collaborative disposal: the pretreatment slag obtained in step (2) is mixed with sintering feedstocks and / or pelletizing feedstocks and then the resulting mixture is transported to a sintering and / or pelletizing procedure, the pretreatment exhaust gases together with the waste gases generated by1. A process for treating solid waste, according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aforementioned solid waste from steel companies and / or municipal urban solid waste are solid waste containing organic carbon (combustible carbon) and / or solid waste containing iron; the aforementioned classification of solid waste in step (1) comprises industrial analysis, elemental analysis and calorific value analysis; wherein the industrial analysis includes a dry basis volatile content test, a moisture content test and an ash content test; the elemental analysis includes detection of iron content, detection of zinc content and detection of chlorine content; and the analysis of the calorific value is1. Detection of the calorific value of combustion of solid waste.

2. Solid waste treatment process according to claim 2, characterized in that: organic solid waste with a dry basis volatile matter content greater than or equal to Ho% is highly volatile organic solid waste and organic solid waste with a dry basis volatile matter content less than Ho% is low volatile organic solid waste; and / or the zinc content in said high-zinc-containing iron solid waste is greater than Zo% by mass; and / or the chlorine content in said high-salt-containing iron solid waste is greater than Co% by mass; wherein: Ho is 6-12; Zo is 1-6; and Co is 0.5-5.

3. Solid waste treatment process according to claim 3, characterized in that Ho is 7-10; Zo is 2-4 and Co is 1-3.

5. Process oftreatment of solid waste, according to claim 4, characterized in that: the degree of incineration of the oxidation incineration procedure is controlled by γ1, such that the dry basis volatile content in the incineration slag after the aforementioned high-volatility organic solid waste and / or the low-volatility organic solid waste are subjected to the oxidation incineration process is less than 4% by mass; or the aforementioned oxidation incineration is controllable incineration; the aforementioned controllable incineration must control the process conditions of the oxidation incineration procedure, so as to control the degree of incineration of the oxidation incineration; the degree of incineration of the oxidation incineration process is controlled by γ2, by controlling the oxygen supply, the incineration time and the temperature. Petition 870250083529, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, p. 46 / 54 4 / 9 incineration of high-density organic solid wasteVolatility and / or low-volatility organic solid waste in the oxidation incineration procedure; γ2 is the value of the degree of incineration that renders the combustible material in the combustion gas under high temperature completely burned, γ2£[0,1]; γ2 is 0, meaning that the combustible material in the combustion gases under high temperature is at the maximum value and the minimum degree of incineration; γ2 is 1, meaning that the combustible material in the combustion gases under high temperature is at the minimum value and the maximum degree of incineration.

6. Solid waste treatment process according to claim 5, characterized in that: the process also includes: comparison of the magnitude of yi and γ2 to derive γ = MAX(yi, γ2), wherein the MAX function is the function to obtain large values; and control of the actual degree of incineration of the oxidation incineration procedure as γ.

7. Waste treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: theThe pre-treatment of solid waste described in step (2) is specifically: (c1) highly volatile organic solid waste is subjected to a pyrolysis procedure to obtain pyrolysis slag and pyrolysis gas; the pyrolysis slag is mixed with sintering feedstocks and / or pelletizing feedstocks to enter a sintering and / or pelletizing procedure; the pyrolysis gas is transported to a sintering machine and sprayed onto the surface of the sintering mixture material in the sintering machine by blowing to be used as sintering fuel; or the pyrolysis gas is transported to the pelletizing procedure to be used as fuel for roasting the pellets by oxidation; (c2) low volatile organic solid waste is subjected to a pyrolysis procedure to obtain pyrolysis slag and pyrolysis gas; the pyrolysis slag is mixed with feedstocksof sintering and / or pelletizing raw materials Petition 870250083529, of 09 / 17 / 2025, page 47 / 54 5 / 9 pelletizing raw materials to enter a sintering and / or pelletizing procedure; pyrolysis gas is transported to a sintering machine and sprayed onto the surface of the sintering mixture material in the sintering machine by means of blowing to be used as sintering fuel; or pyrolysis gas is transported to the pelletizing procedure to be used as fuel for roasting the pellets by oxidation; (c3) high-zinc-containing iron-containing solid wastes are subjected to a zinc reduction procedure to obtain reduction slag and zinc-containing by-product; (c4) high-salt-containing iron-containing solid wastes are subjected to a washing, desalination and water separation procedure to obtain salt-containing wastewater and separated filter residues; and (c5) solid waste with low salt content andZinc-containing iron is mixed directly with the sintering feedstocks and / or pelletizing feedstocks.

8. Solid waste treatment process according to claim 7, characterized in that: the pyrolysis rate of the pyrolysis incineration process is controlled as φi, such that: the percentage by mass of dry volatiles in the pyrolysis slag is less than 5%, after the highly volatile organic solid waste and / or the low-volatility organic solid waste have been subjected to the pyrolysis procedure; or the pyrolysis rate of the pyrolysis procedure is controlled as φ2 by controlling the process conditions of the highly volatile organic solid waste and / or the low-volatility organic solid waste in the pyrolysis procedure, such that, after the pyrolysis of the highly volatile organic solid waste and / or the low-volatility organic solid waste, the heatcorresponding to a proportion of φ2 of the total heat from the high-volatility organic solid waste and / or the low-volatility organic solid waste is allocated to the pyrolysis gas and the remaining heat is retained in the pyrolysis slag, where ψ2 is the heat distribution ratio that causes the carbon savings of the sintering or pelletizing procedure to be maximized after the pyrolysis gas and slag are added to the sintering or pelletizing procedure and ψ2 is 60%-95%.

9. Solid waste treatment process, as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: the pyrolysis rate of the pyrolysis incineration process is controlled to φ1, such that: the percentage by mass of volatiles on a dry basis in the pyrolysis slag is less than 4%; or the pyrolysis rate of the pyrolysis procedure is controlled as φ2, controlling the waste process conditions.Highly volatile organic solids and / or low volatile organic solid waste in the pyrolysis procedure, and φ2 is from 70% to 92%.

10. Solid waste treatment process, according to any of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the process further includes: comparison of the magnitude of φι and cp2 to derive φ=MAH(φι, ψ2), where the MAX function is the function to obtain a large value; and control of the actual pyrolysis rate of the pyrolysis procedure at φ.

11. Solid waste treatment process, according to any one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the process conditions of the pyrolysis procedure are controlled so that a proportion ψ2 of the total heat of the highly volatile organic solid waste and / or low-volatility organic solid waste during the pyrolysis process enters the pyrolysis gas, where: (p2=f(t,T,D,n2,nmax) Petition 870250083529, dated 17 / 09 / 2025, page 49 / 54 7 / 9 t is thePyrolysis time of highly volatile organic waste and / or low-volatile organic waste, h; T is the pyrolysis temperature of highly volatile organic waste and / or low-volatile organic waste, °C; D is the average particle size of the highly volatile organic solid waste and / or the low-volatile organic solid waste entering the pyrolysis procedure, mm; n2 is the air input in the pyrolysis procedure, m3; and n2 < nmax, where nmax is the amount of air required for the complete combustion of highly volatile organic solid waste and / or low-volatile organic solid waste entering the pyrolysis process.

12. Solid waste treatment process, according to claim 11, characterized in that: __ Pyrolysis release Φ Total Pyrolysis release is the heat released from the pyrolysis of highly volatile organic solid waste and / or low-volatile organic solid waste in the pyrolysis gas during pyrolysis;Qtotai is the total heat of highly volatile organic solid waste and / or low volatile organic solid waste, i.e., the heat emitted by the complete combustion of highly volatile organic solid waste and / or low volatile organic solid waste; Qtotai = fc1 · m · q k1 is the combustion efficiency coefficient of highly volatile organic solid waste and / or low volatile organic solid waste, with a value of 0.8-1; m is the mass of highly volatile organic solid waste and / or low volatile organic solid waste that enters the pyrolysis procedure, kg; q is the average calorific value of the highly volatile organic solid waste and / or the low volatile organic solid waste, J / kg; Q release action of pyrolysis — A · t · lg T · D · I- ) ·!ΊΊ· q Petition 870250083529, of 09 / 17 / 2025, p. 50 / 54 8 / 9 A is a correction factor; t is the pyrolysis time of highly volatile organic solid waste and / orof low-volatility organic solid waste, h; T is the pyrolysis temperature of high-volatility organic solid waste and / or low-volatility organic solid waste, °C; D is the average particle size of high-volatility organic solid waste and / or low-volatility organic solid waste entering the pyrolysis procedure, mm; n2 is the air input in the pyrolysis procedure, m3; and n2 < nmax, where nmax is the amount of air required for the complete combustion of high-volatility organic solid waste and / or low-volatility organic solid waste entering the pyrolysis process; a is the particle size correction factor, with a value of -0.05 to -0.15; b is the oxygen content correction factor, with a value of 0.3-1; through conversion: that is, according to the average particle size of high-volatility organic solid waste and / or low-volatility organic solid waste entering the pyrolysis procedure,By controlling the pyrolysis time t, the pyrolysis temperature T, and the oxygen consumption n2 of the pyrolysis procedure, highly volatile organic solid waste or low-volatile organic solid waste is precisely controlled to pass through the pyrolysis procedure, so that a proportion of heat ψ2 in the highly volatile organic solid waste and / or low-volatile organic solid waste is allocated to the pyrolysis gas and the remaining heat is retained in the pyrolysis slag.

13. Solid waste treatment process, according to any of claims 1-9 and 12, characterized in that: Petition 870250083529, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, p. 51 / 54 9 / 9 the organic solid waste and the high-zinc-containing iron-containing solid waste are mixed to obtain mixed solid waste and the mixed solid waste is treated by a rotary reducing furnace; in this process, the energy of the organic solid waste is used to13. A process for treating solid waste, characterized in that: the mixed solid waste is treated in a rotary reducing furnace to obtain pyrolysis slag and reducing gas; wherein: the pyrolysis slag is mixed with sintering feedstocks and / or pelletizing feedstocks to enter the sintering and / or pelletizing procedure; the reducing gas has the zinc removed, is transported to the sintering machine, sprayed onto the surface of the sintering mixture material in the sintering machine by blowing and used as sintering fuel; or the reducing gas has the zinc removed and is transported to the pelletizing procedure, where it is used as fuel for roasting thePellets due to oxidation. Petition 870250083529, dated 09 / 17 / 2025, pp. 52 / 54

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