A combined teff cleaning system and teff threshing and cleaning machine

Abstract

This invention discloses a combined teff cleaning system and a teff threshing and cleaning machine, including a frame and a vibrating screen assembly and an airflow cleaning device mounted on the frame. The vibrating screen assembly is used to remove long stalks and weeds after teff threshing. The seed discharge port of the vibrating screen assembly is connected to the airflow cleaning device. After being adsorbed by the airflow cleaning device, the seeds are discharged from the seed discharge port of the vibrating screen assembly, while the husks and small stalks in the seeds are discharged from the impurity discharge port of the airflow cleaning device. The combined cleaning system is configured to form a threshing and cleaning machine, including a feeding device, a threshing device, a combined cleaning system, a motor, and wheels mounted on the frame. The teff threshing and cleaning machine of this invention has a reasonable structure, is easy to operate, has a simple testing process, and is reliable in application, providing a solution for obtaining clean teff seeds.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of harvesting small seed crops, and more particularly to a combined cleaning system and a teff threshing and cleaning machine for teff seed crops. Background Art

[0002] Teff is the main food crop in Ethiopia, with a wide planting area. At present, the agricultural production of teff mainly relies on manual and animal power, with backward production methods and low production efficiency, making it extremely difficult to meet the demand for teff from the growing population. Threshing and cleaning are one of the most important links, which mainly rely on manual harvesting, drying on the field, manual and cattle threshing, and then manual cleaning using natural wind. Since teff grains are small, the thousand-grain weight is only 0.26-0.42g, and the grain-to-straw ratio is very small, the amount of straw is large, including a lot of very fine straw. After threshing and crushing, a lot of short and thin straw will be produced, mixed with seeds, husks, grass seeds, etc. How to completely thresh such small seeds from the teff spikes mechanically and separate them from husks and fine straws is the main problem we need to solve in designing a threshing and cleaning machine. Summary of the invention

[0003] Therefore, in order to efficiently solve the threshing and cleaning problems of small-grain seeds and realize the rapid separation of mixtures of small-grain seeds with husks, grass seeds, etc., the present invention provides a combined cleaning device and a teff threshing and cleaning machine for teff seed crops.

[0004] The technical solution is as follows:

[0005] On the one hand, the present invention provides a combined teff cleaning system, comprising a frame and a vibrating screen combination and an airflow cleaning device arranged on the frame, the vibrating screen combination is used to screen out long straw and weeds after teff threshing, the seed discharge port of the vibrating screen combination is connected to the airflow cleaning device, after being adsorbed by the airflow cleaning device, the seeds are discharged from the seed discharge port of the vibrating screen combination, and the husks and fine straw in the seeds are discharged from the impurity discharge port of the airflow cleaning device.

[0006] A screening device is also provided at the seed discharge port of the vibrating screen combination, and the screening device includes an upper plate, a sieve and a lower plate. The sieve is arranged at the lower end of the opening of the upper plate, and the lower plate is fixedly connected to the upper plate, and a screening gap is formed therebetween; the air inlet of the airflow cleaning device is arranged above the sieve and is fixedly connected to the upper plate.

[0007] The airflow cleaning device includes a debris suction fan, a conveying pipe and a suction port combination, the two ends of the conveying pipe are respectively connected to the debris suction fan and the suction port combination, the lower part of the suction port combination is connected to the upper plate through a spacing adjustment device, and the suction spacing between the suction port combination and the screening device can be adjusted through the spacing adjustment device.

[0008] The spacing adjustment device comprises an adjustment bolt and ear seats located on the outer sides of the two side plates of the suction port assembly. The lower end of the adjustment bolt is hinged to the upper plate, and the upper end thereof is threadedly connected to the ear seats.

[0009] The impurity suction fan comprises a fan casing, blades, a fixing plate and a fan hub located inside the fan casing, the blades are radially arranged on the fixing plate and the fan hub, and the fan casing is installed on the frame; by driving the fan hub to rotate, objects with a lower suspension speed located on the sieve are sucked away through the suction port combination and discharged from the impurity discharge port of the impurity suction fan through the conveying pipe.

[0010] The vibrating screen assembly includes a crank-connecting rod mechanism and a separation screen, the crank-connecting rod mechanism is connected to the frame, both ends of the separation screen are arranged on the guide rails of the frame through bearings, and form a sliding connection with the guide rails on the frame, the driving end of the crank-connecting rod mechanism is connected to the frame, and the other end thereof is connected to the separation screen, so as to pull the separation screen to reciprocate along the guide rail.

[0011] The crank-connecting rod mechanism includes a pulley, a seat bearing, a fixed shaft, a crank and a connecting rod, the pulley is fixed to one end of the fixed shaft, the fixed shaft is fixed to the frame through the seat bearing, the crank sleeve is placed on the other end of the fixed shaft, the connecting rod is arranged perpendicular to the fixed shaft, one end of the connecting rod is fixed to the shaft end of the crank through a bearing, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the separation screen.

[0012] The separation screen comprises a sieve plate and an inoculation plate located below the sieve plate, and the screening device is located at the seed discharge port position of the inoculation plate.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a teff threshing and cleaning machine, which includes the above-mentioned combined cleaning system, a feeding device, a threshing device and an engine device; the feeding device is fixed on the frame and located on the threshing device, the combined cleaning system is located below the threshing device, and the engine device is driven and connected to the threshing device and the combined cleaning system respectively; the teff threshed by the threshing device enters the combined cleaning system, and the threshed seeds are separated from the husks and straw.

[0014] Walking wheels are also arranged below the frame.

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0016] A. The present invention combines a vibrating screen combination with an airflow cleaning device to clean crops such as teff after threshing, and relies on mechanical vibration screening and airflow specific gravity cleaning to complete the cleaning of a mixture of teff seeds and husks, thereby reducing the impurity content and cleaning losses, and having a high impurity removal rate, providing a solution for cleaning small-grain crops after threshing.

[0017] B. The present invention is provided with a vibration screen combination, a screening device and an airflow cleaning device. The seed mixture after threshing is first separated from the long straw pieces by the vibration screen combination, and then enters the screening device. Under the action of the sieve plate in the screening device, the impurities in the seeds are further separated. At the same time, under the action of the impurity suction fan in the airflow cleaning device, the seeds and small objects such as husks are separated. At the same time, the distance between the suction port combination and the sieve is adjusted by the spacing adjustment device provided between the suction port combination and the screening device, so that different seeds and mixtures can be cleaned. The combined cleaning system of the present invention and the threshing cleaning machine with the cleaning device have reasonable structural matching, convenient operation, simple test process, and reliable application, providing a solution for obtaining clean teff seeds. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a combined cleaning system provided by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top view of

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the suction port combination and the screening device structure;

[0022] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the vibrating screen assembly;

[0023] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the impurity suction fan in the figure;

[0024] Figure 6A schematic diagram of a threshing and cleaning machine with a combined cleaning device provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Side view of.

[0026] Among them, the reference numerals

[0027] 1-Vibrating screen combination

[0028] 11-Crank connecting rod mechanism

[0029] 111-pulley, 112-seat bearing, 113-fixed shaft, 114-crank, 115-connecting rod,

[0030] 116-fixing pin;

[0031] 12-Separation screen

[0032] 121-screen plate, 122-reinforcement plate, 123-side plate, 124-connecting shaft, 125-bearing,

[0033] 126 - inoculation plate;

[0034] 2-Airflow cleaning device

[0035] 21-Suction fan

[0036] 211-fan housing, 212-blades, 213-fixing bolts, 214-fan hub,

[0037] 215-fixed plate;

[0038] 22-Suction port combination

[0039] 221-fixing ring, 222-air blocking plate, 223-intake port;

[0040] 23-Transportation pipeline

[0041] 24- Spacing adjustment device

[0042] 241-adjusting bolt, 242-ear seat;

[0043] 3-Screening device

[0044] 31-upper plate, 32-sieve, 33-lower plate;

[0045] 4-Rack

[0046] 41-guide rail;

[0047] 5-feeding device; 6-threshing device; 7-traveling ground wheel;

[0048] 8-Engine installation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the combined cleaning system provided by the present invention. Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top view of the invention. The combined cleaning system of the invention comprises a frame 4 and a vibrating screen assembly 1 and an airflow cleaning device 2 arranged on the frame 4. The vibrating screen assembly 1 is used to screen out long straws and weeds after teff threshing. The seed discharge port of the vibrating screen assembly 1 is connected to the airflow cleaning device 2. After being adsorbed by the airflow cleaning device 2, the seeds are discharged from the seed discharge port of the vibrating screen assembly 1, and the husks and fine straws in the seeds are discharged from the impurity discharge port of the airflow cleaning device 2. The invention adopts a vibrating screen assembly and an airflow cleaning device to clean crops such as teff after threshing, and relies on mechanical vibration screening and airflow specific gravity cleaning to complete the cleaning of a mixture of teff seeds and husks, thereby reducing the impurity content and cleaning losses, and having a high impurity removal rate, providing a solution for cleaning small-grain crops after threshing.

[0051] In order to further improve the ability to clean small seeds, a screening device 3 is also provided at the seed discharge port of the vibrating screen assembly 1. Figure 1 and Figure 3 The screening device 3 comprises an upper plate 31, a sieve 32 and a lower plate 33. The sieve 32 is arranged at the lower end of the opening of the upper plate 31. The lower plate 33 is fixedly connected to the upper plate 31, and a screening gap is formed between the two. The air inlet of the airflow cleaning device 2 is arranged above the sieve 32 and is fixedly connected to the upper plate 31.

[0052] The vibrating screen assembly 1 includes a crank-connecting rod mechanism 11 and a separation screen 12, and the airflow cleaning device 2 includes a dirt suction fan 21, a suction port assembly 22 and a conveying pipe 23; the vibrating screen assembly 1 is connected to the threshing device 6 through the pulley 111 in the crank-connecting rod structure 11, the crank-connecting rod mechanism 11 is connected to the separation screen 12 through a fixed pin shaft 116, the separation screen 12 slides on the frame 4 through a bearing 125, the dirt suction fan 21 is fixed to the threshing device 6 by bolts, the conveying pipe 23 connects the dirt suction fan 21 and the suction port assembly 22, the suction port assembly 22 is connected to the screening device 3 through an adjusting bolt 224, and the screening device 3 is fixed to the frame 4 by bolts.

[0053] like Figure 3As shown, the suction port combination includes a fixing ring 221, an air blocking plate 222 and a suction port 223; the screening device 3 includes an upper plate 31, a sieve 32 and a lower plate 33; the fixing ring 221 is connected to the suction port 223 by welding, and the air blocking plate 222 is hinged to the suction port 223 by bolts; in order to facilitate the adjustment of the distance between the suction port and the sieve, the present invention also provides a spacing adjustment device 24 therebetween, which includes an adjusting bolt 241 and an ear seat 242 located on the outer side of the two side plates of the suction port 223, the lower end of the adjusting bolt 241 is hinged to the upper plate 31, a nut is also provided in the ear seat 242, and the adjusting bolt 241 and the ear seat 242 form a threaded connection.

[0054] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the vibration screen assembly. Specifically, the crank-connecting rod mechanism 11 includes a pulley 111, a seat bearing 112, a fixed shaft 113, a crank 114, a connecting rod 115 and a fixed pin shaft 116, and the separation screen 12 includes a screen plate 121, a reinforcing plate 122, a side plate 123, a connecting shaft 124, a bearing 125 and an inoculation plate 126; the pulley 111 is fixed on the fixed shaft 113, the fixed shaft 113 is fixed to the frame 4 through the seat bearing 112, and the crank 114 is fixed to the fixed shaft by bolts. One end of the connecting rod 115 is fixed to the axial end of the crank 114 through a bearing, and the other end is connected to the separation screen 12 through a fixed pin 116. The side plate 123, the connecting shaft 124 and the inoculation plate 126 are connected by welding. The sieve plate 121 is fixedly connected to the reinforcing plate 122 and is fixed to the welded parts of the side plate 123, the connecting shaft 124 and the inoculation plate 126 by bolts. The connecting shaft 124 slides on the guide rail 41 of the frame 4 through the bearing 125.

[0055] like Figure 5 , which is a schematic diagram of the impurity suction fan provided by the present invention, including blades 212, a fixing plate 215, a fan hub 214, a fan housing 211 and fixing bolts 214, the blades 212 are welded to the fixing plate 215 and the fan hub 214, the fan housing 211 is installed on the frame 4, and the impurity suction fan 21 is fixed to the driving shaft of the threshing device 6 through the fan hub 214.

[0056] See also Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a threshing and cleaning machine with a combined cleaning device provided by the present invention. Figure 7 for Figure 6 The threshing and cleaning machine comprises a combined cleaning system, a feeding device 5, a threshing device 6, a running wheel 7 and an engine device 8; the feeding device 5 is fixed to the frame 4 by bolts, the threshing device 6 is fixed to the frame 4 by bolts, the combined cleaning system is connected to the frame 4 and the threshing device 6, and the running wheel 7 is fixed below the frame 4 by bolts.

[0057] During the working process, after the engine device starts smoothly, the teff material is fed manually through the feeding device 5 and enters the threshing device 6. The pulley of the threshing device 6 rotates under the drive of the engine. After the threshing device 6 completes threshing, the teff material falls onto the sieve plate 121. Under the dual effects of gravity and vibration, seeds and other impurities smaller than the aperture of the sieve plate 121 fall through the sieve holes to the inoculation plate 126. Long straws and impurities with a diameter larger than the aperture of the sieve plate 121 slide down along the surface of the sieve plate 121 and are discharged out of the machine. The seeds and husks that fall onto the inoculation plate 126 The mixture slides down the inoculation plate 126 to the upper plate 31 of the screening device 3, and slides down the inclined surface to the top of the sieve 32. The objects with a lower suspension speed, such as chaff, are sucked away by the suction port combination 22 and discharged out of the machine from the impurity discharge port of the impurity suction fan 21 through the conveying pipe 23. The objects with a higher suspension speed and a diameter smaller than the aperture of the sieve 32, such as seeds, above the sieve 32, fall onto the lower plate 33, and are discharged through the seed discharge port and slide into the inoculation device; the impurities with a diameter larger than the aperture of the sieve 32 above the sieve are discharged out of the machine through sliding and fall into the impurity removal device.

[0058] Compared with the prior art, the present invention designs a combined cleaning system, which cleans the threshed seeds and husks by mechanical vibration screen and cyclone separation cleaning. The mechanical vibration method can clean out crops with larger particle size but similar suspension speed to teff seeds and remove most of the impurities. The cyclone separation cleaning method can clean out impurities with particle size similar to or smaller than that of teff seeds but lower suspension speed, thereby reducing the impurity content. The wind pressure can be adjusted by adjusting the distance between the suction port combination and the screening device or by adjusting the opening of the wind blocking plate on the suction port combination to meet the cleaning needs of impurities such as husks of different seeds. The threshing and cleaning machine meets the technical requirements for threshing and cleaning of teff crops, is easy to operate, has less loss and a low impurity content during operation.

[0059] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A combined teff cleaning system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a frame (4), a vibrating screen assembly (1) and an airflow cleaning device (2) arranged on the frame (4), wherein the vibrating screen assembly (1) is used to screen out long straw and weeds after teff threshing, and a seed discharge port of the vibrating screen assembly (1) is connected to the airflow cleaning device (2). After being adsorbed by the airflow cleaning device (2), the seeds are discharged from the seed discharge port of the vibrating screen assembly (1), and the husks and fine straw in the seeds are discharged from the impurity discharge port of the airflow cleaning device (2); A screening device (3) is also provided at the seed discharging port of the vibrating screen assembly (1), and the screening device (3) comprises an upper plate (31), a sieve (32) and a lower plate (33), wherein the sieve (32) is arranged at the lower end of the opening of the upper plate (31), and the lower plate (33) is fixedly connected to the upper plate (31), and a screening gap is formed between the two; the air inlet of the airflow cleaning device (2) is arranged above the sieve (32) and is fixedly connected to the upper plate (31); The airflow cleaning device (2) comprises a dust suction fan (21), a conveying pipe (23) and a suction port assembly (22); the two ends of the conveying pipe (23) are respectively connected to the dust suction fan (21) and the suction port assembly (22); the lower part of the suction port assembly (22) is connected to the upper plate (31) via a spacing adjustment device (24); and the air suction spacing between the suction port assembly (22) and the screening device (3) is adjustable via the spacing adjustment device (24); The spacing adjustment device (24) comprises an adjustment bolt (241) and ear seats (242) located on the outer sides of the plates on both sides of the suction port (223) of the suction port assembly (22); the lower end of the adjustment bolt (241) is hinged to the upper plate (31), and the upper end thereof is threadedly connected to the ear seats (242); the suction port assembly comprises a fixing ring (221), an air blocking plate (222) and a suction port (223); the fixing ring (221) is connected to the suction port (223) by welding, and the air blocking plate (222) is hinged to the suction port (223) by bolts.

2. The combined teff cleaning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impurity suction fan (21) comprises a fan casing (211), blades (212) located inside the fan casing (211), a fixing plate (215) and a fan hub (214), wherein the blades (212) are radially arranged on the fixing plate (215) and the fan hub (214), and the fan casing (211) is mounted on the frame (4); by driving the fan hub (214) to rotate, objects with a relatively low suspension speed located on the sieve (32) are sucked away through the suction port assembly (22) and discharged from the impurity discharge port of the impurity suction fan (21) through the conveying pipe (23) to the outside of the machine.

3. The combined teff cleaning system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The vibrating screen assembly (1) comprises a crank-connecting rod mechanism (11) and a separation screen (12); the crank-connecting rod mechanism (11) is connected to the frame (4); both ends of the separation screen (12) are arranged on a guide rail (41) of the frame (4) through bearings (125) and form a sliding connection with the guide rail (41) on the frame (4); the driving end of the crank-connecting rod mechanism (11) is connected to the frame (4), and the other end is connected to the separation screen (12) for pulling the separation screen (12) to reciprocate along the guide rail (41).

4. The combined teff cleaning system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The crank-connecting rod mechanism (11) comprises a pulley (111), a seat bearing (112), a fixed shaft (113), a crank (114) and a connecting rod (115); the pulley (111) is fixed to one end of the fixed shaft (113); the fixed shaft (113) is fixed to the frame (4) via the seat bearing (112); the crank (114) is sleeved on the other end of the fixed shaft (113); the connecting rod (115) is arranged perpendicular to the fixed shaft (113); one end of the connecting rod (115) is fixed to the shaft end of the crank (114) via a bearing; and the other end of the connecting rod (115) is connected to the separation screen (12).

5. The combined teff cleaning system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The separation screen (12) comprises a screen plate (121) and an inoculation plate (126) located below the screen plate (121), and the screening device (3) is located at a seed discharge port of the inoculation plate (126).

6. A teff threshing and cleaning machine, characterized in that: The threshing and cleaning machine comprises the combined cleaning system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, a feeding device (5), a threshing device (6) and an engine device (8); the feeding device (5) is fixed on the frame (4) and is located on the threshing device (6); the combined cleaning system is located below the threshing device (6); and the engine device (8) is respectively connected to the threshing device (6) and the combined cleaning system in a driving manner; The teff threshed by the threshing device (6) enters the combined cleaning system to separate the threshed seeds from the husks and straws.

7. The teff threshing and cleaning machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: Walking wheels (7) are also provided below the frame (4).

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