A three-dimensional measurement device and method for flood discharge atomized rainfall

Abstract

The present invention discloses a three-dimensional measurement device and method for flood discharge atomized rainfall, including a rain gauge, a meteorological instrument and a mounting base, wherein the rain gauge includes a rain collector, a rain storage chamber, a rainfall sensor, a power supply and control module, a display screen, a rain gauge level bubble, a compass and a positioning system; the mounting base includes a supporting pier, a clamp, a leg, an adjustment knob and a base level bubble. The present invention collects rainfall at different angles (0° to 90°) from the horizontal plane, and counts rainfall intensity in different directions; when measuring the distribution of rainfall intensity, it synchronously measures meteorological data such as wind direction and wind speed; using a self-counting sensor, a real-time rainfall process can be obtained; a positioning system is set in the instrument to observe and locate the position information of the rain gauge in real time, and the measurement point does not need to preset the observation point when changing the measurement point, which overcomes the disadvantage that the change of the measurement point position cannot be predicted. The system monitors, records and displays the observation results in real time, and the test items are synchronized with a high degree of automation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic tests and measurements of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and in particular relates to a three-dimensional measurement device and method for atomized rainfall caused by flood discharge from a hydropower station. Technical Background

[0002] Flood discharge atomization refers to the phenomenon of rainfall and fog flow generated in the local area downstream of the hub during the discharge process of the hydropower project discharge structure. With the continuous development of dam construction in the world, a large number of high dams and super high dams have been built one after another. These high dam projects have the characteristics of high head, large flow and narrow canyon. Most of them adopt the flood discharge energy dissipation method of diverting flow. The flood discharge atomization problem has become increasingly prominent and has become a new topic of great concern in hydropower projects in recent years. The research on the prediction method of flood discharge atomization impact is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. In a large number of actual projects, through large-scale flood discharge atomization physical model tests, field observations, feedback tests and numerical simulation research methods, the flood discharge atomization impact range and rainfall intensity are studied, and its impact on important protection objects (such as power station tailwater platform, power station start and stop machine room, high-voltage power lines, switch stations, roads on both sides of the river, nearby villages and downstream slopes, etc.) is analyzed, and protective measures are given; in basic theoretical research, most studies focus on the formation mechanism of atomization, the relationship between the flood discharge atomization intensity and impact range and the mechanical parameters of flood discharge, the classification of fog flow, the classification and standard of rainfall intensity, and the law of fog source attenuation. Among them, the flood discharge atomization test method is a very important factor affecting the actual engineering design, research accuracy and depth. How to accurately, conveniently and timely obtain the intensity and distribution of atomized rainfall is of great significance.

[0003] According to the flow pattern of fog flow, the atomization form is often qualitatively divided into dense fog area, thin mist area and drizzle area. At present, the commonly used quantitative observation methods are mainly: drop spectrum method and rain gauge method. Both methods are point measurement methods. The monitoring point position is set in advance, and the rainfall intensity of the observation point is measured under constant flood discharge conditions. Multi-point measurement can obtain the spatial distribution of atomized rainfall intensity and predict the impact range of flood discharge atomization. As for the two methods, when the rainfall intensity is small, the drop spectrum method is generally used for measurement; when the rainfall intensity is large, it is advisable to use a self-recording rain gauge or a special rain gauge for measurement. The existing self-recording rain gauge is mostly used for hydrological rainfall observation. It uses the tipping bucket principle to count and convert the rainfall intensity parameters. This rain gauge is generally barrel-shaped, and the upper mouth receives vertical rainfall. It is a one-dimensional measurement method and is suitable for natural rainfall measurement without wind or with little wind. Special rain gauges include one-way, two-way and three-way ways to receive rain and fog. The one-way method is generally similar to a self-recording rain gauge, which mainly receives vertical rainfall; the two-way method sets two vertical receiving ports, one vertical and one horizontal, to receive rainfall in two orthogonal directions respectively, and then vector synthesis; the three-way method sets three orthogonal receiving ports, one vertical and the other two orthogonal in the horizontal plane, to receive rainfall in three orthogonal directions respectively, and then vector synthesis. Some researchers have also associated the collection direction of atomized rainfall with the wind direction, and proposed a rain gauge that rotates horizontally with the wind direction, and also sets two receiving ports, one vertical and the other facing the wind direction. This method of component measurement and then synthesis seems reasonable, but it is still limited in theory. For example, it can only receive raindrops in a single direction. Although the component synthesis method is adopted, it will be found that the collection of this rainfall does not meet the principle of vector synthesis.

[0004] In practical applications, the process of atomized rainfall and fog drift is a complex water vapor two-phase flow problem with three-dimensional characteristics, which is very difficult to simulate and predict. The atomized rainfall phenomenon caused by flood discharge is very different from natural rainfall. Taking the atomized flood discharge as an example, there are two main sources of fog, namely the atomization formed by the movement of the water tongue in the air and the atomization generated by the splashing of the water tongue into the water. Driven by the wind of the water tongue, it diffuses and drifts around to form local rainfall. Therefore, from the direction point of view, the direction of the atomized rainfall is radial. For the measuring points in the atomization affected area, there will be random vertical, horizontal, and even "rainfall" drifting from the bottom to the sky; from the perspective of rainfall intensity, the intensity of flood discharge atomized rainfall is often much greater than the heavy rain intensity of natural rainfall. In natural rainfall, under the condition of lower wind speed, it is mainly vertical rainfall. Under the condition of strong wind, the raindrops will fall at a certain angle. Therefore, it is difficult to use the measuring instruments used to observe natural rainfall in conventional hydrological meteorology directly in the measurement of atomized rainfall. Even the existing multi-directional measurement method specially developed for measuring flood discharge atomization has certain limitations. In order to meet the needs of practical engineering applications and scientific research, it is urgent to solve the technical problems of the existing flood discharge atomized rainfall measurement methods.

[0005] In addition, when measuring flood discharge atomization, attention is usually paid to local meteorological conditions, such as wind direction, wind speed, humidity, temperature and air pressure, which are closely related to the rainfall intensity and distribution range of flood discharge atomization. Therefore, how to measure local meteorological conditions synchronously while measuring flood discharge atomization is another issue that atomization researchers are concerned about. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to propose an atomized rainfall measuring device which can take into account different directions of droplets, a large range, a long duration, and automatically record, store and display the rainfall and the changing process of meteorological parameters, so as to solve the difficult problem of multi-directional three-dimensional comprehensive measurement of flood discharge atomized rainfall, and disclose a three-dimensional measurement device and method for flood discharge atomized rainfall.

[0007] Technical solution:

[0008] A three-dimensional measuring device for flood discharge atomized rainfall, comprising a rain gauge for measuring rainfall intensity, wherein the rain gauge comprises a rain collector, a rain storage chamber, a rainfall sensor, a power supply and a control module;

[0009] The rain collector is installed above the rain storage cavity, and comprises a rain collector bottom plate and a plurality of sector-shaped partitions of equal radius, wherein the partitions are vertically installed on the rain collector bottom plate to divide the rain collector into a plurality of rain collection chambers; the rain collector bottom plate is divided into corresponding sector-shaped areas by the partitions, and each sector-shaped area has a connecting hole at the center of the circle;

[0010] The rain storage cavity is cylindrical, and a vertical partition corresponding to the partition of the rain collector is arranged in the rain storage cavity, dividing the rain storage cavity into a plurality of corresponding rain storage chambers, and the rain storage chambers are respectively connected with the corresponding rain collecting chambers through the connecting holes;

[0011] A rainfall sensor for real-time recording of the water depth of each rain storage chamber is provided in the middle of the bottom plate of each rain storage chamber, and a power supply and control module are provided at the bottom of the rain storage chamber, and the power supply and control module supply power to the rainfall sensor.

[0012] The cross-section of the rain collector base plate of the rain collector is a horizontally symmetrical "V"-shaped structure with an outer diameter of D1; the fan-shaped holes are arranged at the "V"-shaped tip of the rain collector base plate; the diameter of the fan-shaped holes is D3, D3 / D1=0.1~0.3; the slope of the upper and lower surfaces of the rain collector base plate from the outer edge to the center |i|=0.2~1.0.

[0013] The inner diameter of the rain storage cavity is the same as the diameter of the rain collector bottom plate; the outer wall of the rain storage cavity is 1 to 2 cm higher than the outer edge of the rain collector bottom plate, the top is chamfered at 60°, and the higher part of the edge is not used as the effective rain collection area of ​​the rain collector.

[0014] The diameter of the rain storage cavity bottom plate of the rain storage cavity is larger than the diameter of the rain storage cavity. Two centrally symmetrical rain gauge levels and two compasses are arranged on the rain storage cavity bottom plate outside the rain storage cavity wall. The rain gauge level is used for leveling during installation, and the compass is used for determining the installation direction during installation.

[0015] A meteorological instrument is arranged outside the rain storage cavity, and the meteorological instrument automatically measures meteorological parameters, including wind speed, wind direction, temperature, air pressure and humidity. The meteorological instrument is mounted on a vertical pole, and the vertical pole is fixed to the barrel wall of the rain storage cavity through a side support.

[0016] A display screen is provided on the wall of the rain storage chamber, and the display screen is connected to the power supply and control module. The power supply and control module supplies power to the display screen and outputs information to the display screen for display; the display screen is divided into several sub-areas for displaying time, the rainfall in several rain storage chambers of the rain storage chamber and the meteorological parameters measured by the meteorological instrument.

[0017] Corresponding to the eight directions of the wind direction, the rain collector is provided with eight chambers, and the initial orientation of the meteorological instrument is consistent with the orientation of the rain gauge; the wind direction measured by the meteorological instrument is divided into eight directions of "east, southeast, south, southwest, west, northwest, north, and northeast".

[0018] A positioning system is also provided in the power supply and control module. The positioning system records the spatial coordinate information of the atomized rainfall stereoscopic measuring device in real time within the established coordinate control network, connects to a display terminal, and saves and transmits data to a database.

[0019] The rain gauge is installed at the observation point through a special mounting base. The mounting base is cylindrical in shape with a groove on the top surface, and the rain gauge is nested in the groove. A supporting pier is raised on the upper edge of the groove, and a clamp is provided on the supporting pier, and the clamp is buckled on the bottom plate of the rain storage cavity. A base level bubble is provided on the top horizontal plane of the mounting base, and a hinged support leg is hinged at the bottom, and the hinged support leg is raised and lowered and fixed by adjusting the knob at the hinge.

[0020] The rainfall sensor is a self-recording pressure sensor or a capacitive water level sensor.

[0021] A method for three-dimensional measurement of flood discharge atomized rainfall, comprising the steps of:

[0022] (1) Based on the maximum impact range of flood discharge atomization, use the existing coordinate system or a new coordinate system to establish a coordinate information network within the measurement and control area, and use known points to verify the accuracy of the established coordinate system;

[0023] (2) Preselecting possible observation points within the influence range of flood discharge atomized rainfall, preprocessing the observation points, and providing installation conditions for the flood discharge atomized rainfall stereoscopic measurement device;

[0024] (3) Install the flood discharge atomized rainfall stereoscopic measuring device at the observation point, test the various functions of the flood discharge atomized rainfall stereoscopic measuring device, set the data collection frequency, test the data display and operation status, and ensure the normal operation of the instrument;

[0025] (4) Record the actual flood discharge start time, end time, azimuth mark and coordinate position data, and timely record the corresponding operation time if there are changes in flood discharge conditions; remotely observe the flood discharge atomization rainfall stereoscopic measurement device to determine its operating status, and record the relevant time in a timely manner if there is any abnormality;

[0026] (5) If the flood discharge atomized rainfall stereoscopic measurement device needs to measure multiple locations, the station is moved after the measurement of the previous measurement point is completed; after recording the time node, the rainwater collected in the rain storage chamber of the flood discharge atomized rainfall stereoscopic measurement device is inverted and emptied, and then installed at the next station, and the installation steps are the same as (2), (3), and (4);

[0027] (6) After the flood discharge is completed, the flood discharge atomized rainfall stereoscopic measuring device is taken out and the collected data is exported. The data is processed and analyzed in combination with the relevant records during the measurement. The comprehensive average rainfall intensity is defined as:

[0028] I=∑R / S h ;

[0029] Among them, S h is the surface area of ​​the outer contour formed by the partition, R is the rainfall of each rain storage chamber, R = S b ×h,S b is the net area of ​​the bottom of each rain storage chamber, and h is the water depth h of each rain storage chamber.

[0030] Beneficial effects:

[0031] The three-dimensional measurement device and method of flood discharge atomized rainfall proposed by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0032] (1) The present invention collects rainfall at different angles to the horizontal plane, including rainfall from vertical to horizontal directions, that is, the angle between the rainfall direction and the horizontal plane ranges from 0 degrees to 90 degrees, so as to obtain the comprehensive rainfall intensity rather than the component of a single direction (horizontal or vertical).

[0033] (2) The present invention counts rainfall intensities in different directions respectively, and can obtain the distribution ratio of rainfall intensities in different directions.

[0034] (3) When measuring rainfall intensity distribution, the present invention simultaneously measures meteorological data such as wind direction and wind speed. The synchronized rainfall data is closely related to meteorological data such as wind direction and wind speed, and is of great significance for analyzing the response relationship between flood discharge power conditions, water tongue wind and other meteorological conditions and the intensity and distribution of atomized rainfall.

[0035] (4) The present invention adopts a self-counting sensor, which can obtain real-time rainfall process and change rules, and record, display and store rainfall data in different directions in real time. It has a high degree of automation and richer data information, rather than just the average rainfall intensity result.

[0036] (5) A positioning system is provided in the instrument to observe and locate the position information of the device of the present invention in real time. The coordinates of the observation points do not need to be acquired in advance when changing the measuring points, thereby overcoming the disadvantage of being unable to accurately estimate the rain and fog range (i.e., the range and position of the measuring points). On the other hand, a high-precision positioning system is used to provide real-time feedback on the operating status of the device of the present invention and to determine whether the instrument has fallen or shifted. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a front view of the three-dimensional measuring device for flood discharge atomized rainfall proposed by the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a top view of the three-dimensional measuring device for flood discharge atomized rainfall proposed by the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a front view of the special installation base of the flood discharge atomized rainfall stereoscopic measuring device proposed by the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a top view of the special installation base of the flood discharge atomized rainfall stereoscopic measurement device proposed by the present invention.

[0041] In the figure, 1-rain collector, 2-partition, 3-rain collector bottom plate, 4-connecting hole, 5-rain storage chamber, 6-barrel wall, 7-rain storage chamber bottom plate, 8-rain sensor, 9-power supply and control module, 10-bottom cover, 11-display screen, 12-rain gauge level bubble, 13-compass, 14-weather instrument, 15-pole, 16-side support, 17-positioning system; 18-rain gauge; 19-mounting base; 20-support pier; 21-clamp; 22-leg; 23-adjustment knob; 24-base level bubble. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Figure 1 and Figure 2 They are respectively a front view and a top view of a rain gauge and a meteorological instrument of a three-dimensional measurement device for flood discharge atomized rainfall proposed by the present invention, Figure 3 and Figure 4 They are the front view and top view of the mounting base respectively. As shown in the figure, the flood discharge atomization rainfall stereoscopic measuring device proposed by the present invention comprises a rain gauge 18, a meteorological instrument 14 and a mounting base 19. The rain gauge 18 comprises a rain collector 1, a rain collector bottom plate 3, a rain storage chamber 5, a rainfall sensor 8, a power supply and control module 9, a display screen 11, a rain gauge level bubble 12, a compass 13 and a positioning system 17; the mounting base 19 comprises a supporting pier 20, a clamp 21, a leg 22, an adjustment knob 23 and a base level bubble 24.

[0044] The rain collector 1 is installed above the rain storage cavity 5. The rain collector 1 is the entrance of the rain collection, and includes a rain collector bottom plate 3 and a plurality of equal-radius sector-shaped partitions 2. The partitions 2 are vertically installed on the rain collector bottom plate 3 to divide the rain collector 1 into a plurality of rain collection chambers. The partitions 2 form a hemispherical outer contour, and the surface area of ​​the outer contour is S. h The rain collector 1 can receive rainfall from eight different directions and angles, including vertical rainfall (90°) and horizontal rainfall (0°) and rainfall at any angle between the two; the eight rain collecting chambers correspond to eight directions, including "east-southeast-south-southwest-west-northwest-northeast" (such as Figure 2 As shown); the diameter D1 of the rain collector 1 is 20cm, and the thickness is 2mm; the rain collector bottom plate 3 of the rain collector 1 is equally divided into eight fan-shaped panels by the rain collector partition, and a fan-shaped connecting hole 4 is opened near the center of the fan-shaped panel, and the diameter of the connecting hole 4 is D3=4cm; in order to allow the rainwater collected by the rain collector 1 to flow into the rain storage cavity 5 below when placed forward, and to allow the rainwater in the rain storage cavity 5 to flow out when placed inverted, the rain collector bottom plate 3 is set to a horizontally placed "V"-shaped structure, and the slopes of the upper and lower surfaces are symmetrically set. In the present invention, D3 / D1=0.1~0.3, and the slope |i| of the rain collector bottom plate 3 is 0.2~0.5; further, the absolute value of the slope of the rain collector bottom plate 3 in this embodiment is |i|=0.3.

[0045] In the present invention, the material used for the rain collector 1 is a hydrophobic material, and rain fog falls or condenses on the chamber panel of the rain collector 1 and slides to the bottom plate of the rain collector 1 under the action of gravity, and then flows into the rain storage chamber 5 below the rain collector 1 through the fan-shaped connecting hole 4 through the bottom plate of the rain collector 1.

[0046] The rain storage chamber 5 adopts a cylindrical barrel body, and the barrel body diameter is the same as the diameter of the rain collector 1, which is D1. In this embodiment, D1=20cm. The top of the rain storage chamber 5 is connected to the bottom plate 3 of the rain collector; correspondingly, eight vertical partitions are provided in the rain storage chamber 5, which penetrate to the bottom plate 7 of the rain storage chamber, and also divide the rain storage chamber 5 into eight fan-shaped areas corresponding to the rain collecting chambers, which are called rain storage chambers. The inner diameter of the rain storage chamber 5 is also D1, and the thickness of the partition is 2mm; the eight rain storage chambers are respectively connected to the eight rain collecting chambers of the rain collector 1 through the connecting holes 4, and the net area of ​​the bottom surface of each rain storage chamber is recorded as S b The rainfall calculation formula for each rain storage chamber is R = S b ×h, h is the water depth h of each of the rain storage chambers; the barrel height of the rain storage chamber 5 is set to 60cm in this embodiment. If the rainfall intensity is too large, the barrel height of the rain storage chamber 5 can be customized to increase to meet the requirements, and the rain storage chamber 5 can also be made into a variable height.

[0047] Furthermore, in order to further ensure that the rainfall collected in each rain collecting chamber of the rain collector 1 does not flow out, the outer wall of the rain storage chamber is 1 to 2 cm higher than the outer edge of the bottom plate of the rain collector, the top is chamfered at 60°, and the raised part of the edge is not used as the effective rain collecting area of ​​the rain collector.

[0048] The rain sensor 8 in this embodiment is a self-recording pressure sensor, with a measuring range of 0 to 1 m water column, which is respectively installed in the middle of the bottom plate of the eight rain storage chambers of the rain storage chamber 5, and can record the real-time water depth h of each chamber. The power supply and control module 9 supplies power to the rain sensor, and controls, displays and stores the collected data. A wireless communication module is also provided in the power supply and control module 9, which is connected to the detection server, and sends the rainfall information, meteorological information and positioning information of various directions measured by the atomized rainfall stereoscopic measurement device of the present invention to the monitoring server in the background, thereby realizing real-time remote monitoring of rainfall data of various directions of the observation point, and real-time recording, display and storage.

[0049] The rain storage chamber bottom plate 7 of the rain storage chamber 5 protrudes out of the outside of the rain storage chamber 5, and the diameter of the rain storage chamber bottom plate 7 is D2. Two rain gauge level bubbles 12 and two compasses 13 are respectively arranged at four centrally symmetrical positions on the rain storage chamber bottom plate 7, which are used for instrument leveling and direction determination during installation.

[0050] In order to synchronously measure meteorological parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, humidity, temperature and air pressure, a meteorological instrument 14 is arranged outside the rain gauge, and the meteorological instrument 14 is installed on a vertical pole 15, and the vertical pole 15 is fixed to the rain storage chamber 5 through a side support 16, and is connected to the power supply and control module 9, and the power supply and control module 9 supplies power to the meteorological instrument 14, and can measure wind direction, wind speed, humidity, temperature and air pressure while measuring rainfall intensity, and record, store and display meteorological parameters in real time through the display screen 11 (display screen sub-area of ​​this embodiment: I-wind speed and wind direction, display screen sub-area J-humidity, temperature and air pressure). The installation height of the meteorological instrument 14 is H2.

[0051] The display screen 11 is embedded in the cylinder wall 6 of the rain storage chamber 5 and is connected to the power supply and control module 9 through a circuit. The display screen 11 is divided into ten sub-areas, namely A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, and J areas. Among them, eight ABCDEFGH areas independently display the rainfall of the eight rain storage chambers of the rain storage chamber (corresponding directions: A-northeast, B east, C-southeast, D-south, E-southwest, F-west, G-northwest, H-north), and the I and J areas display meteorological parameters.

[0052] The power supply and control module 9 is located at the bottom of the rain storage chamber 5, and is respectively connected to the rainfall sensor 8 and the display screen 11, and supplies power to the rainfall sensor 8 and the display screen 11; the power supply and control module 9 also has the functions of controlling, collecting, storing and displaying the measurement results in real time. The circuit is arranged in the cylinder wall 6 of the rain storage chamber 5, and this area is a sealed waterproof area. A bottom cover 10 is installed at the bottom of the rain storage chamber 5, and the bottom cover 10 can be opened for use during the debugging and installation of this instrument.

[0053] The positioning system 17 is arranged in the power supply and control module 9 at the bottom of the rain gauge. In the established coordinate control network, its spatial coordinate information can be fed back in real time, and the operating status of the atomized rainfall stereoscopic measuring device of the present invention can be recorded and fed back in real time to determine whether it has fallen or displaced; the positioning system 17 is connected to the display terminal and saves and transmits data to the database.

[0054] In the present invention, the rain sensor 8 can also be a capacitive water level sensor, the principle of which is similar to that of a wave height meter. A resistance wire is arranged in each chamber of the rain storage chamber, and the two ends are respectively fixed to the bottom plate and the top plate of the rain storage chamber, and are vertically stretched and placed. The circuit loop is arranged on the barrel wall, and is powered and controlled by the power supply and control module. A wireless receiving mode can be adopted to remotely collect rainfall data.

[0055] The rain gauge 18 is installed at the observation point through a mounting base 19. The mounting base 19 is cylindrical in shape with a groove on the top surface, and the rain gauge 18 is nested in the groove. A supporting pier 20 is raised at the upper edge of the groove, and a clamp 21 is provided on the supporting pier 20. The clamp 21 can be buckled on the bottom plate 7 of the rain storage chamber, and can automatically lock and fix the bottom plate 7 of the rain storage chamber to fix the rain gauge 18. A base level bubble 24 is provided on the top horizontal plane of the mounting base 19, and a hinged support leg 22 is hinged at the bottom. The hinged support leg 22 can be raised and lowered and fixed by adjusting the knob at the hinge.

[0056] The specific usage methods or steps are:

[0057] (1) Establishing a coordinate information network for the measurement and control area: Estimate the maximum range of flood discharge atomization impact, use an existing coordinate system or a new coordinate system to establish a coordinate information network within the measurement and control area, and use known points to verify the accuracy of the established coordinate system. Under the condition that the accuracy requirements are met, set up a positioning system to display and record the spatial position coordinate information of the atomized rainfall stereoscopic measurement device of the present invention.

[0058] (2) Pre-selecting observation points and setting up an observation base platform: Pre-selecting possible observation points within the influence range of flood discharge atomized rainfall, pre-processing the observation points and installing special bases, leveling and fixing the special installation base, and meeting the installation conditions of the atomized rainfall stereoscopic measurement device of the present invention.

[0059] (3) Installation test: Install the rain gauge of the atomized rainfall stereoscopic measurement device of the present invention on the special base, install the power supply, and test the display, recording and control functions. After the functions are normal, install it on the special base; the specific installation method is: first, place the rain gauge on the special base, check the horizontal bubble of the rain gauge, and level it if it is not level; secondly, determine the actual direction according to the compass pointing, find the north position, and place the rain gauge display screen leeward for easy observation. At this time, find the number closest to the north direction in the AH direction, and fine-tune the direction of the rain gauge so that the rain storage chamber of this number faces the north direction. Note this number as the north direction; fix the rain gauge again, initialize the direction of the meteorological instrument, so that the initial wind direction direction of the meteorological instrument at this time is also consistent with the actual direction, and use the rain gauge direction for inspection; finally, debug the instrument display and record, set the data acquisition frequency, test the data display and operation status, and ensure the normal operation of the instrument.

[0060] (4) Measure and record: record the actual flood discharge start time, end time, azimuth mark and coordinate position data, and promptly record the corresponding operation time if there are changes in flood discharge conditions; promptly monitor feedback data, and use a telescope or the like to observe the flood discharge atomization rainfall stereoscopic measurement device of the present invention to determine its operating status. If there is any abnormality, record the relevant time in a timely manner to facilitate data analysis and interpretation.

[0061] (5) Moving station (when measuring at multiple points): If the atomized rainfall stereoscopic measuring device of the present invention needs to measure multiple locations, it is necessary to move the station after the measurement of the previous measuring point is completed. After recording the time node, empty the rainwater collected in the rain storage chamber upside down; and install it to the next station in time. The installation steps are the same as (2), (3), and (4). In the case of a positioning system, there is no need to preset the installation points.

[0062] (6) Data export and processing analysis: After the flood discharge is completed, the atomized rainfall stereoscopic measuring device of the present invention is taken out and the collected data is exported. The data is processed and analyzed in combination with the relevant records during the measurement. The comprehensive average rainfall intensity is defined as: I = ∑R / S h .

[0063] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional measurement device for flood discharge atomized rainfall, characterized in that: The invention comprises a rain gauge (18) for measuring rainfall intensity, wherein the rain gauge (18) comprises a rain collector (1), a rain storage chamber (5), a rainfall sensor (8), and a power supply and control module (9); the rain collector (1) is installed above the rain storage chamber (5), and comprises a rain collector bottom plate (3) and a plurality of sector-shaped partitions (2) of equal radius, wherein the partitions (2) are vertically installed on the rain collector bottom plate (3) to divide the rain collector (1) into a plurality of rain collection chambers; the rain collector bottom plate (3) is divided into corresponding sector-shaped areas by the partitions (2), and each sector-shaped area has a connecting hole (4) at the end close to the center of the circle; The rain storage chamber (5) is cylindrical, and a vertical partition corresponding to the partition (2) of the rain collector (1) is provided in the rain storage chamber (5), dividing the rain storage chamber (5) into a plurality of rain storage chambers corresponding to the rain collecting chambers of the rain collector (1), and the rain storage chambers are respectively connected to the corresponding rain collecting chambers through the connecting holes (4); a rain sensor (8) for real-time recording of the water depth of each rain storage chamber is provided on the bottom plate of each rain storage chamber, and a power supply and control module (9) is provided at the bottom of the rain storage chamber (5), and the power supply and control module (9) supplies power to the rain sensor (8); The radial cross-section of the rain collector base plate (3) of the rain collector (1) is a horizontally symmetrical "V"-shaped structure with an outer diameter of D1; the connecting hole (4) is arranged at the "V"-shaped tip of the rain collector base plate (3); the diameter of the connecting hole (4) is D3, and D3 / D1=0.1~0.3; the slope of the upper and lower surfaces of the rain collector base plate (3) from the outer edge to the center |i|=0.2~1.0; the inner diameter of the rain storage cavity (5) is the same as the diameter of the rain collector base plate (3); the rain storage cavity (5 ) The outer wall is 1 to 2 cm higher than the outer edge of the rain collector bottom plate (3), and the top is chamfered at 60°; the diameter of the rain storage cavity bottom plate (7) of the rain storage cavity (5) is larger than the diameter of the rain storage cavity (5), and two centrally symmetrical rain gauge level bubbles (12) and two compasses (13) are arranged on the rain storage cavity bottom plate (7) at the outer part of the wall surface of the rain storage cavity (5), the rain gauge level bubble (12) is used for leveling during installation, and the compass (13) is used for determining the installation direction during installation; A meteorological instrument (14) is provided outside the rain storage chamber (5), and the meteorological instrument (14) is mounted on a vertical pole (15), and the vertical pole (15) is fixed to the barrel wall (6) of the rain storage chamber (5) through a side support (16); A display screen (11) is provided on the cylinder wall (6) of the rain storage chamber (5), and the display screen (11) is connected to the power supply and control module (9). The power supply and control module (9) supplies power to the display screen (11) and outputs information to the display screen (11) for display; the display screen (11) is divided into a plurality of sub-areas for displaying time, the amount of rainfall in a plurality of rain storage chambers of the rain storage chamber, and meteorological parameters measured by the meteorological instrument (14); The display screen (11) is embedded in the cylinder wall (6) of the rain storage chamber (5), and is connected to the power supply and control module (9) through a circuit. The display screen (11) is divided into ten sub-areas, namely A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, and J areas. The eight ABCDEFGH areas independently display the rainfall of the eight rain storage chambers of the rain storage chamber, corresponding to the directions: A-northeast, B-east, C-southeast, D-south, E-southwest, F-west, G-northwest, H-north, and the I and J areas display meteorological parameters; Corresponding to the eight directions of wind direction in the meteorological parameters, the rain collector (1) is provided with eight chambers, and the initial direction of the meteorological instrument (14) is consistent with the placement direction of the rain gauge; the wind direction measured by the meteorological instrument (14) is divided into eight directions of "east, southeast, south, southwest, west, northwest, north, northeast"; The rain gauge (18) is installed at the observation point through a mounting base (19); the mounting base (19) is cylindrical in shape, with a groove on the top surface, and the bottom of the rain gauge (18) is embedded in the groove; a support pier (20) is raised on the upper edge of the groove, and a clamp (21) is arranged on the support pier (20), and the clamp (21) is buckled on the bottom plate (7) of the rain storage chamber; a base level bubble (24) is arranged on the top horizontal surface of the mounting base (19), and a hinged support leg (22) is hinged at the bottom, and the hinged support leg (22) is raised and lowered and fixed by adjusting a knob at the hinge; The method for three-dimensional measurement of flood discharge atomized rainfall includes the following steps: (1) Based on the maximum impact range of flood discharge atomization, use the existing coordinate system or a new coordinate system to establish a coordinate information network within the measurement and control area, and use known points to verify the accuracy of the established coordinate system; (2) Preselecting possible observation points within the influence range of flood discharge atomized rainfall, preprocessing the observation points, and providing installation conditions for the flood discharge atomized rainfall stereoscopic measurement device; (3) Install the flood discharge atomized rainfall stereoscopic measuring device at the observation point, test the various functions of the flood discharge atomized rainfall stereoscopic measuring device, set the data collection frequency, test the data display and operation status, and ensure the normal operation of the instrument; (4) Record the actual flood discharge start time, end time, azimuth mark and coordinate position data, and promptly record the corresponding operation time if there are changes in flood discharge conditions; and remotely observe the flood discharge atomization rainfall stereoscopic measurement device to determine its operating status, and promptly record the relevant time if there is any abnormality; (5) If the flood discharge atomized rainfall stereoscopic measuring device needs to measure multiple locations, the station is moved after the measurement of the previous measuring point is completed; after recording the time node, the rainwater collected in the rain storage chamber of the flood discharge atomized rainfall stereoscopic measuring device is emptied inverted, and then installed at the next station, and the installation steps are the same as (2), (3), and (4); (6) After the flood discharge is completed, the flood discharge atomized rainfall stereoscopic measuring device is taken out and the collected data is exported. The data is processed and analyzed in combination with the relevant records during the measurement. The comprehensive average rainfall intensity is defined as: I = ∑R / Sh; Among them, Sh is the surface area of ​​the outer contour formed by the partition, R is the rainfall in each rain storage chamber, R=Sb×h, Sb is the net area of ​​the bottom of each rain storage chamber, and h is the water depth of each rain storage chamber.

2. The three-dimensional measurement device for flood discharge atomized rainfall according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A positioning system (17) is also provided in the power supply and control module (9). The positioning system (17) records the spatial coordinate information of the atomized rainfall stereoscopic measuring device in real time within the established coordinate control network, connects to a display terminal, and saves and transmits the data to a database.

3. The flood discharge atomized rainfall stereoscopic measuring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rainfall sensor (8) is a self-recording pressure sensor or a capacitive water level sensor.

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