Low-cost and high-integration meteorological detection system for low-altitude meteorological service

Abstract

The invention provides a low-cost and high-integration meteorological detection system for low-altitude meteorological service, and belongs to the technical field of meteorological detection. The low-cost and high-integration-level meteorological detection system for the low-altitude meteorological service comprises a plurality of small meteorological stations and MEMS sensors integrated with temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, wind direction and the like. A plurality of small laser wind finding radars are based on an optical fiber laser and a VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) technology and adopt a modular design. And the data fusion module is used for fusing multi-source data of a ground station, a laser radar, a satellite and the like by adopting a four-dimensional variation assimilation algorithm to generate a 100-meter-resolution grid meteorological product. The technical bottleneck of traditional low-altitude meteorological detection is broken through, and a meteorological service solution is provided for the fields of urban fine management, navigation safety, intelligent agriculture and the like. The system has the characteristics of high cost performance, high flexibility and high resolution, and promotes low-altitude meteorological observation to be upgraded from sparse monitoring to global sensing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of meteorological detection technology, and specifically to a low-cost, highly integrated meteorological detection system for low-altitude meteorological services. The system is particularly suitable for high-temporal and spatial resolution meteorological observations in urban low-altitude, airport, agricultural and other scenarios. The system can achieve dense deployment, multi-platform collaborative observation and data fusion, providing precise meteorological support for the development of low-altitude economy. Background Art

[0002] Insufficient existing technologies: 1. High cost of traditional weather stations: Conventional weather stations usually cost more than tens of thousands of yuan, and due to cost constraints, they are difficult to deploy densely, resulting in low spatial resolution (kilometer level), and unable to capture local meteorological elements such as urban canyon winds and low-level wind shear at airports. 2. LiDAR is large in size and expensive: Traditional laser wind measurement radars (such as vehicle-mounted ones) are large in size and cost up to millions of yuan, making them difficult to apply on a large scale in low-altitude scenarios, limiting their popularity in small and medium-sized cities and agricultural areas. 3. Poor deployment flexibility: Existing equipment mostly relies on fixed sites and lacks mobile observation capabilities. It is difficult to track dynamic weather systems such as short-term severe convection and squall lines, resulting in insufficient warning timeliness. 4. Weak data fusion capabilities: Multi-source data from ground stations, drones, satellites, etc. have not been effectively integrated, and the data island problem is significant, affecting the simulation accuracy of numerical models for small and medium-scale weather systems.

[0003] Analysis of existing technical solutions: 1. Shenzhen Dashun Laser Technology Patent (CN119620233A) proposes combining a four-dimensional variational assimilation system with the WRF-LES model to achieve high-resolution wind field forecasts, but it does not involve the development of low-cost hardware, and the implementation cost remains high. 2. The Beidou sounding system improves spatiotemporal resolution through a round-trip drift mode, but it is mainly used for high-altitude detection above 500hPa and is not suitable for low-altitude scenarios below 1000 meters. The equipment is heavy and the deployment cost is high. 3. Beike Tianhui's "Hummingbird" series of lidars achieve miniaturization through chip design, but it has not yet clarified the cost control plan for meteorological applications. Its functions are focused on terrain mapping and lack optimization for wind speed measurement.

[0004] The core bottlenecks of existing technologies: the difficulty in balancing low cost and high performance, the lack of coordination between fixed and mobile observations, and the disconnection between data fusion technology and hardware systems, resulting in the inability of existing solutions to meet the low-altitude economy's demand for refined meteorological services.

[0005] How to invent a low-cost, highly integrated meteorological detection system for low-altitude meteorological services to improve these problems has become an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to make up for the above shortcomings, the present invention provides a low-cost, highly integrated meteorological detection system for low-altitude meteorological services, aiming to improve the problems of high cost of traditional weather stations, large size and high cost of lidar, poor deployment flexibility, and weak data fusion capabilities.

[0007] The present invention is achieved in that: The present invention provides a low-cost, highly integrated meteorological detection system for low-altitude meteorological services, comprising: Multiple small weather stations, integrated with MEMS sensors for temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed, and direction, are smaller than 10 cm³, consume less than 50 mW of power, and have a material cost of less than 500 yuan per station. Several small wind-measuring lidars, based on fiber laser and VCSEL technology, feature a modular design, weigh less than 3 kg, have a detection range of at least 200 meters, and are priced under 100,000 yuan. The data fusion module uses a four-dimensional variational assimilation algorithm to integrate data from multiple sources, including ground stations, lidar, and satellite data, to generate 100-meter-resolution gridded meteorological products.

[0008] Preferably, the small weather station is fixed to a fixed carrier such as a tower, a building wall, or a lamp pole by means of magnetic or expansion bolts, or is carried on a mobile platform such as a drone or a tethered balloon to form a "ground-to-air" stereoscopic observation network.

[0009] Preferably, the small weather station fixed to the lamp pole integrates solar panels and lithium batteries, supports 72 hours of continuous power supply, and has a protection level of IP67.

[0010] Preferably, the small weather station and laser wind measurement radar mounted on the drone adopt a low-power design, are compatible with models such as the DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise, and have a flight time of no less than 30 minutes.

[0011] Preferably, the observation equipment carried on the tethered balloon is equipped with a wind-resistant design, which allows it to operate stably in winds below level 5 and monitor low-altitude wind shear in real time.

[0012] Preferably, the data fusion module uses GPU computing power to achieve minute-level data updates, and the generated meteorological products include wind fields, temperature and humidity fields, runway visibility range, etc.

[0013] Preferably, it is characterized in that the system is densely deployed at intervals of 100 meters in cities, airports and other areas, and combines fixed carriers with mobile platforms to achieve high spatiotemporal resolution meteorological observation with a spatial resolution of 100 meters and a temporal resolution of 1 minute.

[0014] Preferably, the small weather station uses open source hardware and MEMS sensors, and its modular design supports rapid assembly, increasing production efficiency by 50%.

[0015] Preferably, the small laser wind measurement radar adopts photonic integrated circuit technology, the core chip cost is less than 20,000 yuan, the optical structure is simplified to focus on wind speed measurement, and non-essential functions such as point cloud imaging are removed.

[0016] Preferably, it can be applied to scenarios such as urban low-altitude monitoring, general aviation airport meteorological support, agricultural microclimate observation, and new energy wind field assessment, and supports 2-hour advance warning of local weather phenomena such as thunderstorms and short-term heavy rainfall.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Cost Advantage: The cost of a small weather station is less than 1,000 yuan, and the cost of a laser wind radar is less than 100,000 yuan, which is over 90% lower than the cost of traditional equipment, making dense deployment possible. For example, for a 10km² urban area, traditional solutions would cost millions of yuan, while this solution only costs hundreds of thousands of yuan.

[0018] 2. Improved resolution: With a spatial resolution of 100 meters and a temporal resolution of 1 minute, it can capture details that are impossible for traditional equipment to observe, such as temperature gradients at the scale of urban blocks (e.g., temperature differences between adjacent blocks > 2°C) and sudden changes in wind speed within 50 meters of the airport runway (difference > 3m / s), providing data support for refined weather forecasts.

[0019] 3. Enhanced Flexibility: The combination of fixed stations and mobile platforms enables rapid response to sudden weather events (such as the impact of a typhoon's outer circulation). For example, when monitoring short-term heavy rainfall, drones can dynamically adjust their observation routes based on radar echoes, filling in the gaps in data from fixed stations in areas of heavy rain.

[0020] 4. Application Expansion: In the agricultural sector, weather stations are deployed at 500-meter intervals in farmland, combined with tethered balloons to monitor temperature and humidity above the crop canopy, providing a basis for smart irrigation and pest warnings. In the new energy sector, lidar is deployed in wind farms to monitor wind speed at hub height (100 meters) in real time, optimize turbine start-stop strategies, and increase power generation by 5%-8%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1 Urban low-altitude monitoring: Deployment plan: Fifty small weather stations (mounted on light poles and building walls) were deployed at 100-meter intervals across a 5 km x 5 km area in Suzhou Industrial Park. Ten small laser wind radars were also deployed at commanding heights within the area, such as office building rooftops. Five DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise drones were deployed, performing hourly horizontal scans at an altitude of 200 meters, covering a 3 km radius.

[0023] Data processing: Real-time data is uploaded to Alibaba Cloud servers via the NB-IoT network, with a transmission delay of less than 30 seconds. Using the MOTOR-DA four-dimensional variational assimilation system, we integrate temperature, humidity, and air pressure data from ground stations with radial wind speed data from lidar, combined with infrared cloud images from the Fengyun-4 satellite, to generate a three-dimensional meteorological field (wind, temperature, humidity, and air pressure) with a resolution of 100 m x 100 m x 50 m.

[0024] Application effect: Thunderstorm weather warning was successfully issued 2 hours in advance. By analyzing encrypted observation data, the mesoscale convergence line at the thunderstorm front was identified, which was 1 hour earlier than the traditional radar warning.

[0025] Providing microclimate data to urban planning departments, identifying three local strong wind corridors, guiding the optimization of high-rise building layouts, and reducing wind disaster risks.

[0026] Example 2 Meteorological support for general aviation airports: Deployment plan: Twenty small weather stations (fixed to light poles at 200-meter intervals along both sides of the runway) were deployed around the runway of a general aviation airport (within a 1km radius). Five small laser wind radars were installed on the control tower, the hangar roof, and the runway ends, forming a circular observation network. A tethered balloon system was deployed, hovering 200 meters above the runway centerline, to monitor low-level wind shear in real time.

[0027] Data processing: Radial wind speed data from lidar is integrated with wind direction data from weather stations. The VAD (Velocity Azimuth Display) algorithm is used to invert the horizontal wind field, generating products such as runway visual range (RVR) and low-level wind shear index. A GPU-accelerated numerical model (WRF-LES) is used to generate a 10-minute rolling forecast, outputting a refined one-hour forecast of meteorological elements.

[0028] Application Results: In low-visibility weather, the system increased warning lead time from 30 minutes compared to traditional methods to 87 minutes, increasing airport takeoff and landing rates by 30% and significantly improving air traffic efficiency. Three runway-end wind shear events (vertical wind shear > 0.1s⁻¹) were successfully detected, triggering the airport's alarm system and preventing aircraft takeoff and landing risks.

[0029] This invention, through low-cost hardware development, multi-platform collaborative observation, and efficient data fusion, breaks through the technical bottlenecks of traditional low-altitude meteorological detection, providing a revolutionary meteorological service solution for refined urban management, air traffic safety, smart agriculture, and other fields. Its high cost-effectiveness, high flexibility, and high resolution will promote the upgrade of low-altitude meteorological observation from "sparse monitoring" to "global perception," contributing to the high-quality development of the low-altitude economy.

[0030] The above is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is susceptible to various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-cost, highly integrated meteorological detection system for low-altitude meteorological services, characterized by: include: Multiple small weather stations, integrating MEMS sensors for temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, and wind direction, with a volume less than 10 cm³, power consumption less than 50 mW, and a single-station material cost less than 500 yuan; Multiple small-scale laser wind measurement radars, based on fiber laser and VCSEL technology, adopt a modular design, weigh less than 3kg, have a detection range of no less than 200 meters, and the cost of the entire system is controlled within 100,000 yuan; The data fusion module uses a four-dimensional variational assimilation algorithm to integrate multi-source data such as ground stations, lidar, and satellites to generate 100-meter resolution grid meteorological products.

2. A low-cost, highly integrated meteorological detection system for low-altitude meteorological services according to claim 1, characterized in that: The small weather station is fixed to fixed carriers such as iron towers, building walls, and light poles through magnetic or expansion bolts, or is carried on mobile platforms such as drones and tethered balloons to form a "ground-to-air" three-dimensional observation network.

3. The low-cost, highly integrated meteorological detection system for low-altitude meteorological services according to claim 2, characterized in that: The small weather station fixed to a lamp pole integrates solar panels and lithium batteries, supports 72 hours of continuous power supply, and has an IP67 protection level.

4. The low-cost, highly integrated meteorological detection system for low-altitude meteorological services according to claim 2, characterized in that: The small weather station and laser wind measurement radar mounted on the drone adopt a low-power design and are compatible with models such as the DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise, with a flight time of no less than 30 minutes.

5. The low-cost, highly integrated meteorological detection system for low-altitude meteorological services according to claim 2, characterized in that: The observation equipment carried on the tethered balloon is equipped with a wind-resistant design, which allows it to operate stably in winds below level 5 and monitor low-altitude wind shear in real time.

6. The low-cost, highly integrated meteorological detection system for low-altitude meteorological services according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data fusion module uses GPU computing power to achieve minute-level data updates, and the generated meteorological products include wind field, temperature and humidity field, runway visibility range, etc.

7. The low-cost, highly integrated meteorological detection system for low-altitude meteorological services according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system is densely deployed at intervals of 100 meters in cities, airports and other areas, combining fixed carriers with mobile platforms to achieve high-temporal and spatial resolution meteorological observations with a spatial resolution of 100 meters and a temporal resolution of 1 minute.

8. The low-cost, highly integrated meteorological detection system for low-altitude meteorological services according to claim 1, characterized in that: The small weather station uses open source hardware and MEMS sensors, and its modular design supports rapid assembly, increasing production efficiency by 50%.

9. The low-cost, highly integrated meteorological detection system for low-altitude meteorological services according to claim 1, characterized in that: The small laser wind measurement radar uses photonic integrated circuit technology, with a core chip cost of less than 20,000 yuan. It simplifies the optical structure to focus on wind speed measurement and removes non-essential functions such as point cloud imaging.

10. A low-cost, highly integrated meteorological detection system for low-altitude meteorological services according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: It can be applied to scenarios such as urban low-altitude monitoring, general aviation airport meteorological support, agricultural microclimate observation, and new energy wind field assessment, and supports 2-hour advance warning of local weather phenomena such as thunderstorms and short-term heavy rainfall.