Double cropping area crop rotation early warning system

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of agricultural environment evaluation, in particular to a double cropping area crop rotation early warning system, and phosphorus is selected as the basis for indicating elements of rotation environment risk, the early warning system adopts a three-level index evaluation system, which is: annual phosphorus balance, soil texture, phosphorus fertilizer operation, according to the phosphorus surplus maintaining ability of different soil textures, the most suitable phosphorus balance of sandy soil, loamy soil and clay soil is respectively defined as 0.9-1.1, 0.8-1.2 and 0.7-1.3. The method of the present application is novel in design, and through a simple and scientific way, the double cropping area crop cultivation mode is warned, which is an evaluation tool for the influence of fertilization on the environment. It is convenient for users at different levels to select the best rotation mode.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural environment evaluation, in particular to a crop rotation early warning system in a double-cropping area. BACKGROUND

[0002] Land resources, as an important natural resource, are the basis of human production and life. However, with the inharmonious use and management of land resources by human beings, the speed of soil property change is accelerated, and soil degradation is quite serious in the current world, which has increasingly threatened the land resources on which human beings depend. Soil quality evaluation is the basis of pollution prevention and control. Through the collection of soil environmental indicators for soil quality evaluation, it is beneficial to understand the current situation and change and development law of regional soil quality, and to provide scientific basis for rational use of land, environmental management, environmental planning and comprehensive prevention and control of soil pollution.

[0003] There are many factors affecting the environment, but most of them are unstable and not suitable as environmental indicators for monitoring. When agricultural cultivation is carried out, whether the fertilization method is appropriate has a great influence on the agricultural environment such as water, air and soil, leading to agricultural abundance and famine. However, there is currently a lack of simple and easy-to-use evaluation tools for the impact of fertilization on the environment. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a crop rotation early warning system in a double-cropping area, which can completely solve the above technical problems.

[0005] The technical solution for solving the above technical problems is as follows:

[0006] The present application designs a crop rotation early warning system in a double-cropping area. First, an evaluation index system is established: phosphorus is selected as the basis for indicating elements of rotation environmental risk. Among the three kinds of nutrients, the nutrient element that has the greatest impact on the environment is nitrogen and phosphorus. However, the nitrogen cycle has many pathways and many influencing factors, and the apparent balance of nitrogen changes greatly. The phosphorus cycle is relatively stable, there is no gaseous loss, and the apparent nutrient balance of phosphorus has a high correlation with environmental pollution. In addition, the calculation is convenient, and the phosphorus nutrient loss risk and the scientific nature of phosphorus input can be further judged in combination with soil texture.

[0007] The early warning system adopts a three-level index evaluation system, which is annual phosphorus balance, soil texture and phosphorus fertilizer operation, the first level index is annual phosphorus balance state, the index determines different color systems, which are green, yellow, red, on the basis of which, the second level index is soil texture, and the third level index is the distribution of phosphorus fertilizer between different crops, which is divided into six early warning levels, which are dark green, light green, light yellow, dark yellow, pink and dark red, according to the phosphorus surplus maintaining ability of different soil textures, the most suitable phosphorus balance of sandy soil, loamy soil and clay soil is 0.9-1.1, 0.8-1.2 and 0.7-1.3 respectively, and the phosphorus surplus maintaining ability of different soil textures is clay > loamy soil > sandy soil.

[0008] The crop rotation early warning system in the double cropping area has the following specific steps:

[0009] (1) Determining the soil texture of the plough layer

[0010] The soil texture can be determined by hand measurement, that is, sandy soil, loamy soil or clay soil;

[0011] (2) Calculating the annual phosphorus balance, the annual phosphorus balance is the ratio of the annual input and output of phosphorus in farmland, that is: annual phosphorus balance = total phosphorus input of two crops / total phosphorus output of two crops, the total input of two crops includes the phosphorus content of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in base fertilizer and topdressing of one year two crops, which is calculated by multiplying the fertilizer application amount by the phosphorus content (P2O5) of the fertilizer; the total output of two crops includes the amount of phosphorus nutrients (P2O5) carried out per unit yield multiplied by the yield; usually, the calculation of the phosphorus balance value is the difference between the input and the output, that is, the absolute value of the phosphorus balance. However, the phosphorus balance value obtained by this method is difficult to judge the rationality of the results by using a unified standard due to the large difference in phosphorus absorption between different crops (rotation) types, and only different data for different rotation types can be used for separate judgment, which limits the flexibility of its application. In the present application, the calculation of the phosphorus balance uses the ratio (quotient) of the input and output instead of the difference, so that the phosphorus balance of different rotation types can be quantified and compared uniformly;

[0012] (3) Calculating the phosphorus fertilizer input ratio (P autumn / P summer) of autumn sowing crops and summer sowing crops, the scientific basis of this step is that according to the biogeochemical characteristics of soil phosphorus cycle, the phosphorus fertilizer should be mainly applied to autumn sowing crops to improve the utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer; the calculation formula is as follows:

[0013] P autumn / P summer = phosphorus input amount of autumn sowing crops / phosphorus output amount of summer sowing crops

[0014] The phosphorus input amount of the autumn-sown crops includes the phosphorus content of the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer in the base fertilizer and the topdressing of the autumn-sown crops, which is calculated by multiplying the fertilizer application amount by the phosphorus content (P2O5) of the fertilizer; and the phosphorus taking away amount of the summer-sown crops is the phosphorus nutrient amount (P2O5) taken away per unit yield multiplied by the yield;

[0015] (4) According to the calculation results of steps (2) and (3), the following table is referred to for judgment:

[0016]

[0017] The warning level is explained as follows:

[0018] The green series represents that the annual phosphorus input amount is reasonable;

[0019] The yellow series represents that the annual phosphorus input amount is less, and the phosphorus fertilizer input amount needs to be increased;

[0020] The red series represents that the annual phosphorus input amount is excessive, and the phosphorus fertilizer input amount needs to be reduced;

[0021] Specifically,

[0022] Dark green: representing that the phosphorus fertilizer application is reasonable, the distribution between the crops is reasonable, and the environment is friendly;

[0023] Light green: the total annual phosphorus input amount is reasonable, but the distribution between the crops is unreasonable, and the distribution between the crops needs to be adjusted; the environmental risk is low;

[0024] Light yellow: the annual phosphorus input amount is less, but the distribution between the crops is reasonable, and the total annual phosphorus input amount needs to be increased; the environmental risk is low;

[0025] Dark yellow: the annual phosphorus input amount is less, the seasonal distribution needs to be adjusted, and the total annual phosphorus input amount needs to be increased; the environmental risk is medium;

[0026] Pink: the phosphorus input amount is excessive, the seasonal distribution is reasonable, the total annual phosphorus input amount needs to be reduced; and the environmental risk is high;

[0027] Dark red: the phosphorus input amount is excessive, and the distribution between the crops is unreasonable, the input amount needs to be reduced, the distribution between the crops needs to be adjusted, and the environmental risk is extremely high.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0029] The method of the present application is novel in design, grasps the key factors affecting the environment of water, soil and air, and performs early warning on the crop cultivation mode in the double-cropping area through a simple and scientific way, and is an evaluation tool for the influence of fertilization on the environment. Different levels of users can select the best rotation mode. For example, farmers can calculate the risk of annual rotation operation by themselves, so as to guide the selection of a better rotation mode, and government departments can calculate the regional rotation risk, so as to adjust the planting structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The application will be further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] The basis for selecting phosphorus as the rotation environment risk indicating element is that, among the three macronutrients, the nutrient element with the greatest environmental impact is nitrogen and phosphorus, but the nitrogen cycle has many pathways and many influencing factors, and the apparent balance of nitrogen changes greatly, while the phosphorus cycle is relatively stable, there is no gaseous loss, the apparent nutrient balance of phosphorus has high correlation with environmental pollution, and the calculation is convenient, which can further combine with soil texture to judge the risk of phosphorus nutrient loss and the scientificity of phosphorus input.

[0033] The early warning system adopts a three-level index evaluation system, which is: annual phosphorus balance, soil texture, and phosphorus fertilizer operation, the first-level index is the annual phosphorus balance condition, which determines different color systems, which are green, yellow, and red, on this basis, it is further divided according to the second-level index and the third-level index, the second-level index is soil texture, and the third-level index is the distribution of phosphorus fertilizer among different crops, which is divided into six early warning levels, which are dark green, light green, light yellow, dark yellow, pink, and dark red, according to the phosphorus surplus retention ability of different soil textures, the most suitable phosphorus balance of sandy soil, loamy soil, and clay soil is defined as 0.9-1.1, 0.8-1.2, and 0.7-1.3 respectively, and the phosphorus surplus retention ability of different soil textures is clay>loam>sand.

[0034] The crop rotation early warning system in the two-crop area has the following specific steps:

[0035] (1) Determine the soil texture of the plough layer

[0036] The soil texture can be determined by hand measurement, that is, whether it is sandy soil, loamy soil, or clay soil;

[0037] (2) calculate the annual phosphorus balance, the annual phosphorus balance is the ratio of the annual input and output of phosphorus in farmland, that is: annual phosphorus balance = total phosphorus input of two crops / total phosphorus output of two crops, the two-crop input includes the phosphorus content of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in base fertilizer and topdressing of two crops in a year, which is calculated by multiplying the fertilizer application amount by the phosphorus content (P2O5) of the fertilizer; the two-crop output includes the amount of phosphorus nutrients carried out with the unit yield, which is calculated by multiplying the yield by the amount of phosphorus nutrients (P2O5) carried out with the unit yield; usually, the calculation of the phosphorus balance value is the difference between the input and the output, that is, the absolute value of the phosphorus balance. However, the phosphorus balance value obtained by this method is difficult to judge the rationality of the results by using a unified standard due to the large difference in phosphorus absorption between different crops (crop rotation) types, and only different data for different crop rotation types can be used for separate judgment, which limits the flexibility of its application. In the present application, the calculation of the phosphorus balance uses the ratio (quotient) of the input and output instead of the difference, so that the phosphorus balance of different crop rotation types can be quantified and compared uniformly;

[0038] (3) calculate the phosphorus fertilizer input ratio of autumn-sown crops to summer-sown crops (P autumn / P summer), the scientific basis of this step is that according to the biogeochemical characteristics of soil phosphorus cycle, the phosphorus fertilizer should be mainly applied to autumn-sown crops in a year to improve the utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer; the calculation formula is as follows:

[0039] P autumn / P summer = phosphorus input amount of autumn-sown crops / phosphorus output amount of summer-sown crops

[0040] The phosphorus input amount of autumn-sown crops includes the phosphorus content of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in base fertilizer and topdressing of autumn-sown crops, which is calculated by multiplying the fertilizer application amount by the phosphorus content (P2O5) of the fertilizer; the phosphorus output amount of summer-sown crops is the harvest amount of summer-sown crops, which is calculated by multiplying the yield by the amount of phosphorus nutrients (P2O5) carried out with the unit yield;

[0041] (4) according to the calculation results of steps (2) and (3), the following table is used for judgment:

[0042]

[0043]

[0044] According to the above method system, the application examples on 38 farmer plots in the two-crop area of North China are as follows: the survey results of the inventors' research group in Shandong and Hebei provinces, 6 regions and 11 counties and cities in North China in recent years are shown in the following table:

[0045] The principle of investigation sampling adopts the "random equal proportion" investigation, that is, firstly, the number of sampling points in each county is determined according to the sowing area of various crops in the statistical data of each county, and then the sampling is focused on the concentrated planting area of the crop in each county, and the specific sampling position adopts the random principle to maximize the representativeness of sampling.

[0046] Regarding the number, the "county name + serial number" naming method is adopted.

[0047]

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] Note: #DIV / 0! represents that the phosphorus input of summer crops is zero, and in this case, "P autumn / P summer>1" is calculated.

[0051] Warning level explanation:

[0052] The green series represents that the annual phosphorus input is reasonable;

[0053] The yellow series represents that the annual phosphorus input is less, and the phosphorus fertilizer input needs to be increased;

[0054] The red series represents that the annual phosphorus input is too much, and the phosphorus fertilizer input needs to be reduced;

[0055] Specifically,

[0056] Dark green: represents reasonable phosphorus fertilizer application, reasonable distribution between stubble and season, and environment-friendly;

[0057] Light green: the total annual phosphorus input is reasonable, but the distribution between stubble and season is unreasonable, and the distribution of phosphorus fertilizer between stubble and season needs to be adjusted; the environmental risk is low;

[0058] Light yellow: the annual phosphorus input is less, but the distribution between stubble and season is reasonable, and the total annual phosphorus input needs to be increased; the environmental risk is low;

[0059] Dark yellow: the annual phosphorus input is less, and the seasonal distribution needs to be adjusted, and the total annual phosphorus input needs to be increased; the environmental risk is medium;

[0060] Pink: the phosphorus input is excessive, the seasonal distribution is reasonable, the annual phosphorus input needs to be reduced; the environmental risk is high;

[0061] Dark red: the phosphorus input is excessive, and the distribution between stubble and season is unreasonable, the phosphorus input needs to be reduced, and the distribution between stubble and season needs to be adjusted, and the environmental risk is extremely high.

[0062] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application in any form. Any simple modification or equivalent change of the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the present application falls within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A two-crop zone crop rotation early warning system, characterized by, The phosphorus is selected as the rotation environment risk indicating element, the early warning system adopts a three-level index evaluation system, annual phosphorus balance, soil texture, phosphorus fertilizer operation, the first level index is annual phosphorus balance, the index determines different color systems, green, yellow, red, on this basis, according to the secondary index and the third level index, the secondary index is soil texture, the third level index is the distribution of phosphorus fertilizer between different crops, a total of six early warning levels, respectively, dark green, light green, light yellow, dark yellow, pink, dark red, according to the phosphorus surplus retention capacity of different soil textures, the most suitable phosphorus balance of sandy soil, loamy soil and clay soil is 0.9-1.1, 0.8-1.2 and 0.7-1.3, the phosphorus surplus retention capacity of different soil textures is clay>loam>sand; In the annual phosphorus balance calculation process, the quotient of the total amount of phosphorus input of two crops and the total amount of phosphorus taken away of two crops is used as the annual phosphorus balance value; The specific steps are: (1) determining the soil texture of the plough layer Through manual measurement, the soil texture can be determined to be sandy soil, loamy soil or clay soil; (2) calculating the annual phosphorus balance, the annual phosphorus balance is the ratio of the annual input and output of phosphorus in farmland, that is, annual phosphorus balance = total amount of phosphorus input of two crops / total amount of phosphorus taken away of two crops, the total amount of phosphorus input of two crops includes the phosphorus content of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in base fertilizer and topdressing of one-year two crops, which is calculated by multiplying the fertilizer application amount by the phosphorus content of the fertilizer; The total amount of phosphorus taken away of two crops includes the amount of phosphorus taken away per unit yield, which is calculated by multiplying the yield by the amount of phosphorus taken away per unit yield; (3) calculating the ratio of phosphorus fertilizer input of autumn-sown crops to summer-sown crops (P autumn / P summer), the calculation formula is as follows: P autumn / P summer = phosphorus input amount of autumn-sown crops / phosphorus taken away amount of summer-sown crops The phosphorus input amount of autumn-sown crops includes the phosphorus content of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in base fertilizer and topdressing of autumn-sown crops, which is calculated by multiplying the fertilizer application amount by the phosphorus content of the fertilizer; the phosphorus taken away amount of summer-sown crops is the amount of phosphorus taken away per unit yield, which is calculated by multiplying the yield by the amount of phosphorus taken away per unit yield; (4) according to the calculation results of steps (2) and (3), the following table is used for judgment: Early warning level explanation: The green series represents that the annual phosphorus input amount is reasonable; The yellow series represents that the annual phosphorus input amount is less, and the phosphorus input amount needs to be increased; The red series represents that the annual phosphorus input amount is excessive, and the phosphorus input amount needs to be reduced; Specifically, Dark green: represents reasonable phosphorus fertilizer application, reasonable distribution between crops, and environment-friendly; Light green: the total amount of annual phosphorus input is reasonable, but the distribution between crops is unreasonable, and the distribution of phosphorus fertilizer between crops needs to be adjusted; the environmental risk is low; Light yellow: the total amount of annual phosphorus input is less, but the distribution between crops is reasonable, and the total amount of annual phosphorus input needs to be increased; the environmental risk is low; Dark yellow: the total amount of annual phosphorus input is less, the seasonal distribution needs to be adjusted, and the total amount of annual phosphorus input needs to be increased; the environmental risk is medium; Pink: the phosphorus input amount is excessive, the seasonal distribution is reasonable, the total amount of annual phosphorus input needs to be reduced; the environmental risk is high; Dark red: the phosphorus input amount is excessive, and the distribution between crops is unreasonable, the phosphorus input amount needs to be reduced, and the distribution between crops needs to be adjusted, the environmental risk is extremely high.

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