A variable diameter steel cage

Abstract

A variable diameter steel bar cage comprises an axial rod, two groups of a plurality of ribs with the same number, and a first and a second ring-shaped fixture. The two groups of a plurality of ribs with the same number and the first and the second ring-shaped fixtures constitute a first variable diameter steel bar cage unit. The first ring-shaped fixture of the variable diameter steel bar cage unit is fixed to the end of the axial rod. The first and the second ring-shaped fixtures are sleeved on the axial rod or the pile foundation rod. The first and the second ring-shaped fixtures respectively fix the first ends of the first and second groups of ribs surrounding the axial rod. The second end of each rib of the first group is flexibly connected to the second end of a corresponding rib of the second group. The second ring-shaped fixture is sleeved on the axial rod and slides. The second ring-shaped fixture corresponds to the original state of the variable diameter steel bar cage unit and the second diameter state with an enlarged diameter after release before and after sliding. A limiting or positioning device for the second ring-shaped fixture is provided on the axial rod or the pile foundation rod.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a variable diameter (hereinafter referred to as variable diameter) steel cage for anchor rods or pile foundations and its application, in particular to a skeleton in the anchor rods or pile foundations - a variable diameter steel cage and an expanded anchor rod or pile foundation, which are mainly used in technical fields such as anti-floating of building basements, foundation pit support, slope support, geological disaster control, and reinforcement, and are also used for compression pile foundations. Background Art

[0002] An anchor rod must have several elements: a rod body with a tensile strength higher than that of the rock and soil, one end of the rod body can be in close contact with the rock and soil to form friction (or bonding) resistance; the other end of the anchor rod body is located outside the rock and soil and can form radial resistance to the rock and soil; as a tensile member deep in the stratum, the anchor rod is connected to the engineering structure at one end and deep in the stratum at the other end. The whole anchor rod is divided into a free section and an anchoring section. The free section refers to the area where the tension at the anchor rod head is transmitted to the anchor body, and its function is to apply prestress to the anchor rod; the anchoring section refers to the area where the cement slurry or concrete anchor body bonds the prestressed tendons to the soil layer. Its function is to increase the bonding friction between the anchor body and the soil layer, increase the pressure bearing or tensile resistance of the anchor body, and transmit the tension of the free section to the deep soil.

[0003] Generally speaking, anchor rods are a rod system structure for rock and soil reinforcement. Through the longitudinal tension of the anchor rod body, the disadvantage that the tensile capacity of the rock and soil is far lower than the compressive capacity is overcome. From a mechanical point of view, it mainly improves the cohesion C and internal friction angle φ of the surrounding rock mass. In essence, the anchor rod is located in the rock and soil body and forms a new complex with the rock and soil body. The anchor rod in this complex is the key to solving the low tensile capacity of the surrounding rock mass. As a result, the bearing capacity of the rock and soil itself is greatly enhanced.

[0004] Anchor rods are the most basic component of tunnel support in contemporary underground mining, binding the surrounding rock of the tunnel together so that the surrounding rock supports itself. Anchor rods are now not only used in mines, but also in construction engineering technology to actively reinforce basements, slopes, tunnels, dams, etc.

[0005] The basic types of anchors are: steel bar or wire rope mortar anchors. Cement mortar is used as the bonding agent between the anchor and the surrounding rock. It also includes inverted wedge metal anchors. Pipe seam anchors. Resin anchors. Using resin as the bonding agent for anchors is more expensive.

[0006] At present, the commonly used expansion anchor technologies in the market include plain slurry, capsule expansion anchor technology, etc. In terms of cost construction, the expansion technology of variable diameter anchor or pile foundation has a foundation. Grouting or concrete injection forms the size of the head alone, but without the corresponding steel skeleton, it cannot form an anchor or pile foundation with sufficient friction force for tension or resistance transmission, especially the anchor force of the anchor is limited. The anchor force is insufficient when used in the technical fields of anti-floating foundation pit support, slope support, and reinforcement of building basements. Because they need to have a large pull-out resistance and require stability and reliability.

[0007] The applicant's invention patent application CN2017103161244 proposes two types of variable diameter steel cages for anchor rods or pile foundations. The first proposed variable diameter steel cage skeleton in anchor rods or pile foundations cast in concrete or mortar with large pull-out resistance / compression resistance and stable and reliable performance. It is necessary to use a release device at the end of the spiral spring annular stirrup; when using flexible steel wire, the ring-shaped fixture is provided with a release device for opening the vertical reinforcement of the ribs. However, considering the structure and cost, there is still room for improvement. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a variable diameter steel cage for anchor rods or pile foundations, which is applicable to all tensile and pull-out resistant expanded anchor rods and compression pile foundations, and in particular to propose a variable diameter steel cage for anchor rods or pile foundations with a simplified structure and lower cost, which is applicable to forming expanded anchor rods or pile foundations with a standard steel skeleton, and is used for anchor rods or pile foundations with the best performance-price ratio.

[0009] The technical scheme of the present invention is: a variable diameter steel cage for anchor rods or pile foundations, the diameter of the steel cage is variable, including an axial rod (tension rod or pile foundation rod), two groups of a plurality of ribs of the same number, a first and a second ring-shaped fixture, the two groups of a plurality of ribs of the same number and the first and second ring-shaped fixtures constitute a first variable diameter steel cage unit, the first ring-shaped fixture of the variable diameter steel cage unit is fixed to the end of the axial rod, the first and second ring-shaped fixtures are sleeved on the axial rod or the pile foundation rod, the first and second ring-shaped fixtures respectively fix the first end of the first group and the second group of ribs surrounding the axial rod, the second end of each rib of the first group is flexibly connected to the second end of a corresponding rib of the second group, the second ring-shaped fixture is sleeved on the axial rod and slides, the second ring-shaped fixture corresponds to the original state of the variable diameter steel cage unit before and after sliding and the second diameter state of the expanded diameter after release, and a limiting or positioning device for the second ring-shaped fixture is provided on the axial rod or the pile foundation rod. The flexible end 9-1 can be a flexible pin structure. Generally speaking, the first and second groups of ribs surrounding the axial rod are of the same length and shape.

[0010] Annular, multi-ring or spring stirrups are arranged on the periphery of the variable diameter steel cage unit, and fixed points are arranged on the bars of the first group or the second group or at the flexible connection, and the fixed points are fixed to a part of the annular, multi-ring or spring stirrups (especially flexible fixation, which can make the annular, multi-ring or spring stirrups slide at the fixing hole when the steel cage is opened and released).

[0011] Spring stirrups are arranged on the outer periphery of the variable diameter steel cage unit. When the spring stirrups are subjected to tension (tension) stress, they are in a first diameter state. Generally, a tensioning and fixing device for the spring head is provided on the axial rod when the tension (tension) stress is applied. After the tension (tension) stress of the spring stirrups is released, they are in a second diameter state, and the second diameter is greater than the first diameter.

[0012] The fixing points are a plurality of annular bodies or holes, and an annular or multi-ring steel bar expandable ring is provided to pass through all the annular bodies or holes, and one end of the steel bar expandable ring is a stop protrusion (or welding) for fixing.

[0013] The first group of ribs and the second group of ribs are flexibly connected in a rivet shaft structure, and the ribs and the ring-shaped fixer are flexibly connected in a rivet shaft structure or a ring-shaped groove embedded pin shaft ring structure; the flexibly connected end of the ribs is that both ribs are a circular ring body and form a double circular ring body, and more than two fixing rings are provided to flexibly fix the double circular ring body, and a steel bar expandable ring is provided to pass through all the double circular ring bodies, the holes of the rivet shaft or the holes of the ring-shaped groove embedded pin shaft ring;

[0014] The structure of the annular groove embedded pin ring is: an annular groove is provided on the annular fixer, a pin ring or groove is provided in the groove, a hole is provided at the end of the rib to be sleeved on the pin ring or groove, or the rib is connected to the annular fixer through the rib (umbrella rib) connecting the U-shaped fixing bracket or umbrella flower piece.

[0015] The spring stirrups may have fixed points or no fixed points on the first or second group of bars or at the flexible connections, and may drive the steel cage to open.

[0016] The outer periphery of the rib is provided with annular or spiral spring hoops or flexible steel wires made of elastic material; the steel wire is an expandable metal ring used to pass through the fixed ring provided on the rib, one end of the steel wire is a fixed ring and the other end is a stop structure, or both ends of the steel wire are stop structures.

[0017] The second ring-shaped fixer is sleeved on the axial rod and is supported by a spring with preset stress sleeved on the axial rod, that is, the power for the second ring-shaped fixer to slide is provided by the spring with preset stress sleeved on the axial rod; the release device for opening the ribs is a spring device of the sleeve rod for opening the umbrella ribs, which opens at least one sliding ring-shaped fixer; the opening structure includes a spring sleeved on the axial rod, the spring generates stress when it is in a compressed or extended state, the ring-shaped fixer is locked or has a stopper, and when the lock or the stopper is opened, the spring stress drives the ring-shaped fixer to slide on the axial rod and drives the ribs to stretch; a stopper is provided on the axial rod to fix and block the ring-shaped fixer, and when the stopper is released, the elastic force of the spring drives the ring-shaped fixer to slide.

[0018] An end plate is provided at the end of the axial rod to be fixed to the axial rod, fixing the first ring-shaped fixture of the first variable diameter steel cage unit, and the second ring-shaped fixture slides on the axial rod. When released and in the second diameter state with an enlarged diameter, the second ring-shaped fixture slides on the axial rod toward the first ring-shaped fixture under an external force; the axial rod is provided with second to N units of variable diameter steel cages connected in series; the second variable diameter steel cage unit is composed of the third and fourth sliding ring-shaped fixtures, two groups of a plurality of ribs with the same number of roots, and the third and fourth sliding ring-shaped fixtures to form a variable diameter steel cage unit.

[0019] A plurality of variable diameter steel cage units are connected in series on the axial rod and fixed by two adjacent ring-shaped fixtures, or one ring-shaped fixture is used to connect two adjacent groups of ribs respectively.

[0020] The ring-shaped fixers all have an annular ring as the basic structure and are provided with a stopper for limiting the sliding distance of the ring-shaped fixers. When two ring-shaped fixers slide on the axial rod, two stops for limiting the sliding distance can be provided; the limiting or positioning device is a one-way positioning device, which is an elastic spine welded to the axial rod or the elastic stopper protrusion; the ribs are straight, arc-shaped or broken line-shaped.

[0021] A bag may be additionally provided, in which the variable diameter steel bar cage unit is placed.

[0022] The first ring-shaped fixture of the variable diameter steel bar cage unit is fixed on the end of the axial rod, and can even be integrated with the axial rod, and is directly prepared on the axial rod. The first and second ring-shaped fixtures are sleeved on the axial rod or the pile foundation rod. The first and second ring-shaped fixtures respectively fix the first ends of the first and second groups of ribs surrounding the axial rod, and the second ends of each rib of the first group are flexibly connected to the second ends of a corresponding rib of the second group. The second ring-shaped fixture is sleeved on the axial rod and slides; a third and fourth groups of ribs are provided, each of which is longer than the first and second groups of ribs. The first and second ring-shaped fixtures also fix the first ends of the third and fourth groups of ribs surrounding the axial rod, and the second ends of each rib of the third group are flexibly connected to the second ends of a corresponding rib of the fourth group. The angle formed by the third group of ribs and the fourth group of ribs is smaller than the angle formed by the first and second groups of ribs, forming a variable diameter steel bar cage characterized by a double-layer steel bar cage, or constructing a three-layer or more steel bar cage in the same way as the double layer. The long steel bars form a steel bar cage in the outer ring, and the effect of preparing the steel bar cage with arc-shaped or broken-line steel bars is better.

[0023] The pressure-bearing variable-diameter steel cage expansion anchor rod or pile foundation of the present invention can be expanded and released by drilling and force application when the variable-diameter steel cage is placed in the expansion section, and a grouting or concrete injection conduit is installed on the variable-diameter steel cage, which becomes an anchor rod or pile foundation through grouting or pouring concrete, and the variable-diameter steel cage becomes the skeleton of the anchor rod or pile foundation.

[0024] The pressure-bearing variable-diameter steel cage of the present invention is combined with tension rods including but not limited to steel bars, steel strands, and steel ropes of various specifications and grades to form an expanded anchor rod as a whole; further, it is combined with various specifications of steel columns, steel sections or pressure-bearing foundations of variable-diameter steel cage concrete structures (columns and / or piles) to form an expanded pile foundation as a whole.

[0025] In a typical finished product: the diameter of the steel cage after compression is generally ≤200mm (a parameter related to the actual drilled hole formed, different drilled holes can have different diameter steel cages (hoops)). After being placed in the anchor expansion section, the constraint mechanism in the steel cage is opened, and the diameter of the weft reaches about 400mm (it can also be ≤150mm after hooping, and the diameter of the weft reaches 200-350mm after expansion), and the general length is 1200-1600mm; according to demand, it is not ruled out that the diameter of the weft can reach about 500-2000mm or larger. The steel cage must first use large-sized axial rods and vertical bars. The diameter of the weft (outer circumference) after hooping is generally ≤300-800mm, and the length can be increased or decreased according to demand.

[0026] The end plate (the end plate can be an anchor plate or a ring plate) mechanically connects the axial rod body of the anchor rod with the enlarged head.

[0027] The pressure-bearing variable diameter steel cage enlarged head anchor technology is designed, constructed and accepted in accordance with the "JGT / T282-2012 High-pressure jet enlarged head anchor technology specification". The application of the present invention belongs to the application of enlarged head anchor or large head pile foundation technology.

[0028] The present invention can form a variety of three-dimensional variable diameter steel cages according to the use requirements of specific projects and the principle of the present invention, including / but not limited to polygonal columns, cones with different lengths of the first and second groups of bars in each unit, trapezoidal columns, etc. The present invention can form a variable diameter steel cage with double / or multi-layer vertical reinforcement arrangement (cage in cage) for variable diameter steel cages of super-large diameter pile foundations according to the use performance requirements of specific projects and the variable diameter principle of the present invention.

[0029] Beneficial effects: Compared with non-variable diameter foundation piles, variable diameter foundation piles have the following characteristics:

[0030] 1) Compared with non-variable foundation piles of the same length, the strength of variable diameter foundation piles can generally be increased by 1.1 to 1.5 times, and the deformation can be reduced by 0.7 to 0.9 times.

[0031] 2) Under the first characteristic condition, the pile length can be significantly shortened to meet the strength and deformation requirements of the building.

[0032] 3) While ensuring the strength and deformation of the pile, the pile length can be shortened, the workload can be reduced, the construction conditions can be improved, and labor, materials and time can be saved.

[0033] In some clay layers, weak layers, pebble layers, gravel layers or weathered rock layers, since the strength of these layers is often lower than that of concrete, it is not conducive to the bearing capacity of the concrete foundation pile. Therefore, in order to give full play to the strength characteristics of concrete, some papers in construction engineering have proposed the use of variable diameter foundation piles to improve the bearing capacity of the piles, which is obviously reasonable and feasible in technology.

[0034] The calculation method of strength deformation of variable diameter foundation piles is the same as that of non-variable diameter foundation piles. Foundation piles are divided into end-bearing piles and friction piles. The strength deformation calculations of the two are different. The friction piles are used as the object for calculation and comparison. The strength of friction piles is generally composed of the side friction resistance of the pile and the strength of the bearing layer at the pile end. For friction piles, the friction resistance around the pile is the main one, but for most foundation piles, especially large diameter piles, the pile end is supported on the bedrock, and the bearing force of the pile end is greatly increased.

[0035] The scheme of the present invention can form an anchor rod with sufficient friction force for tension or resistance transmission, the anchoring force is significantly increased and the integrity of the entire anchor rod is good, and it is also used to expand the concrete steel cage skeleton of the head-bearing pile foundation. It is mainly used in technical fields such as anti-floating of building basements, foundation pit support, slope support, and reinforcement. The technology of the present invention can provide greater pull-out resistance and compressive strength, and has stable and reliable performance. It has a good effect on reducing environmental pollution and accelerating the progress of the project. The present invention uses less material and low-cost processes, can meet the construction requirements of larger pile foundations or anchor rods that reduce higher costs, and has good economy. Compared with the applicant's prior application, the present invention has a more cost advantage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a unit of the variable diameter steel cage of the present invention, which is a substantially unexpanded structure;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of two units of the variable diameter steel cage of the present invention connected in series, which is a basically unexpanded structure;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of three units of the variable diameter steel cage connected in series according to the present invention, which is a basically unfolded structure;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a circular ring body 1-2 provided at the flexible connection between the second end of each rib of the first group and the second end of a corresponding rib of the second group of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure in which the middle annular body is provided with ferrules 1-3;

[0041] Figure 6 for Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the structure of the middle annular body passing through the expandable ring 9, the expandable ring 9 is used to pass through all the annular bodies, and one end of the expandable ring is a buckle ring, and the other end is a stop boss 9-3. When the stop boss is blocked by the buckle ring 9-2, the variable diameter steel cage unit expands to the position of the maximum diameter.

[0042] Figure 7 The outer periphery of the variable diameter steel cage unit of the variable diameter steel cage of the present invention is provided with integral spring type stirrups, and the integral spring type stirrups have a rigid structure and are a substantially unexpanded structure;

[0043] Figure 8 The outer periphery of the variable diameter steel cage unit of the variable diameter steel cage of the present invention is provided with integral spring type stirrups. Figure 7 The structure that is expanded in .

[0044] Fig. 9It is a schematic diagram of the counterweight opening structure of the variable diameter steel cage unit of the variable diameter steel cage of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.10 yes Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the structure after opening;

[0046] Fig.11 The present invention Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of a structure with spring stirrups;

[0047] Fig.12 The present invention Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the structure after opening;

[0048] Fig.13 It is a schematic structural diagram of a variable diameter steel cage unit of the variable diameter steel cage of the present invention provided with a bag; another spring type stirrup is provided on the periphery;

[0049] Fig.14 The present invention Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the structure after opening;

[0050] Fig.15 The present invention Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure of the variable diameter steel cage unit of the variable diameter steel cage after the structure with the bag is opened;

[0051] Fig.16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the variable diameter steel cage unit of the variable diameter steel cage of the present invention, which is opened by the compression power of the spring;

[0052] Fig.17 yes Fig.16 Schematic diagram of the structure after opening;

[0053] Fig.18 The present invention Fig.16 Schematic diagram of the structure after opening with spring stirrups;

[0054] Fig.19 The present invention Fig.18 There is also a schematic diagram of the structure after the bag is opened;

[0055] Fig. 20 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the variable diameter steel cage unit of the variable diameter steel cage of the present invention, which is opened by using the contraction power of the spring;

[0056] Fig.21 The present invention Fig. 20 Schematic diagram of the structure after opening;

[0057] Fig. 22 The present invention Fig. 20 A schematic diagram of the structure of the variable diameter steel cage unit of the variable diameter steel cage after the structure with the bag is opened;

[0058] Fig.23The present invention Fig. 20 A schematic diagram of the structure of the variable diameter steel cage unit of the variable diameter steel cage after the bag and the spring-type stirrup structure are opened;

[0059] Fig.24 It is a schematic structural diagram of the broken-line reinforcement bars of the variable-diameter steel cage unit of the variable-diameter steel cage of the present invention, wherein a is before release and b is after release.

[0060] Fig.25 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the arc-shaped ribs of the variable diameter steel cage unit of the variable diameter steel cage of the present invention, wherein a is before release and b is after release. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] Details of the structure of the present invention: As shown in the figure, the second end of each rib of the first group is provided with a circular ring body at the flexible connection with the second end of a corresponding rib of the second group, and all the circular ring bodies are on the same plane. The expandable ring is used to pass through all the circular ring bodies, and one end of the expandable ring is a buckle ring, and the other end is a stop convex head. When the stop convex head is blocked by the buckle ring, the variable diameter steel cage unit expands to the position of the maximum diameter. The expandable ring 9 is used to pass through all the circular ring bodies, and one end of the expandable ring is a buckle ring 9-2, and the other end is a stop convex head 9-3. When the stop convex head is blocked by the buckle ring, the variable diameter steel cage unit expands to the position of the maximum diameter. The longitudinal section is a thin rhombus, an expandable rhombus, a rhombus with arcs, or even an ellipse.

[0062] The flexible connection end of the ribs is that both ribs are a torus and form a double torus, and two or more fixing rings are provided to flexibly fix the double torus. The flexible connection end of the ribs is a torus 1-2 (the relative fixing point of the two ribs at the connection is a torus, which may be in the shape of a bearing ring, but the simple double torus is fixed with two or more fixing rings 1-3, and the double torus respectively fixes one rib of the first group and the second group, and the ribs and the torus are better integrated.

[0063] Spring stirrups are arranged on the periphery of the variable diameter steel cage unit. When the spring stirrups are subjected to tension (tension) stress, they are in a first diameter state. The tension (tension) stress can be applied by providing a tensioning and fixing device for the spring head on the axial rod. After the tension (tension) stress of the spring stirrups is released, they are in a second diameter state, and the second diameter is greater than the first diameter. The periphery of the rib is provided with annular or spiral spring stirrups or flexible steel wires made of elastic material. The steel wire is an expandable metal ring used to pass through a fixing ring provided on the rib, one end of the steel wire is a fixing ring, and the other end is a stop convex head, or both ends of the steel wire are stop convex heads.

[0064] The steel wire 8 is particularly an annular hoop. The steel wire 8 is provided with an expandable metal ring (which may be a rigid or flexible metal ring) for passing through the fixed ring 8-1 provided on the rib. One end of the steel wire 8 is a fixed ring, and the other end or both ends are stop convex heads. When the stop convex head is blocked by the fixed ring, the variable diameter steel cage unit expands to the position of the maximum diameter, and the annular hoop can be tightened. The effect of the annular hoop is better at multiple positions and more than one circle.

[0065] The structure of the stirrups is that spring stirrups are arranged on the periphery of the variable diameter steel cage unit. When the spring stirrups are subjected to tension (tension) stress, they are in a first diameter state. The tension (tension) stress can be applied by providing a tensioning and fixing device for the spring head on the axial rod. When the tension (tension) stress of the spring stirrups is released, they are in a second diameter state. The second diameter is greater than the first diameter. The spring stirrups can be longer or shorter than the variable diameter steel cage unit in length, and generally have similar lengths. The spring stirrups are provided with a number of rings connected to the ribs of the variable diameter steel cage unit. After the spring stirrups and the variable diameter steel cage unit are released and opened, the diameters are expanded, and the spring stirrups and the variable diameter steel cage unit still have active fixing points. The spring stirrups are steel wires arranged on the periphery of the ribs, including ring-shaped or spring stirrups made of elastic material or rigid or flexible steel wires. When the steel wires are loosened, they are in an unused state, and when the steel wires are opened, the steel cage is in a used state. The number of ribs in each group does not need to be large, and is generally greater than or equal to 6 around the axial rod. Steel wires include / but are not limited to steel hinge wires, steel ropes, chain structures or wires with strong tensile strength and meeting functional requirements include / but are not limited to carbon fibers, graphene and ropes or belts of related carbon elements.

[0066] The flexible connection between the ribs and the ribs and the ring-shaped fixer is a rivet shaft structure and a ring-shaped groove with a pin shaft ring structure: the ribs and the ribs can be a rivet shaft structure, the ring-shaped fixer is provided with an annular groove, a pin shaft ring is provided in the groove, and a hole is provided at the end of the rib to be sleeved on the pin shaft ring, or the rib is connected to the rib or the ring of the ring-shaped fixer through an umbrella rib connecting U-shaped fixing bracket or umbrella flower piece.

[0067] The axial rod is provided with an end plate 3 at the end thereof and fixed with the axial rod. Here, the first ring-shaped fixture of the first variable diameter steel cage unit is fixed, and the second ring-shaped fixture slides on the axial rod. When the variable diameter steel cage is opened, the second ring-shaped fixture slides on the axial rod in the direction of the first ring-shaped fixture (or the pile foundation rod) under the external action, and the angle between the two groups of ribs changes, generally from an obtuse angle of approximately 180 degrees to an obtuse angle of a small angle or even to an acute angle. The axial rod can be provided with a second variable diameter steel cage unit or even N variable diameter steel cage units, N is generally a natural number, and the number should be considered comprehensively according to the length of the axial rod, the design length requirements of the variable diameter steel cage, and the cost. The second variable diameter steel cage unit is composed of the third and fourth two slidable ring-shaped fixtures, two groups of a plurality of ribs of the same number, and the third and fourth two ring-shaped fixtures to form a variable diameter steel cage unit; when multiple variable diameter steel cage units are connected in series, the two adjacent ring-shaped fixtures are simply fixed, or a ring-shaped fixture can be used to connect the two groups of ribs respectively. Only the first ring-shaped fixture of the first variable diameter steel cage unit is fixed, and the other ring-shaped fixtures are all able to slide.

[0068] The basic structure of the ring-shaped fixtures is an annular ring, and a stopper may be provided to limit the sliding distance of the ring-shaped fixture. When the two ring-shaped fixtures slide on the axial rod, two stoppers may be provided to limit the sliding distance. Stoppers may also be not provided, and the angle between the first and second groups of ribs may be reduced by using the external force applied to the sliding ring-shaped fixture, and the first and second groups of ribs may be released, that is, the diameter of the steel cage may be increased.

[0069] Figure 1-6 As shown, a plurality of ribs 1, 2, first and second ring-shaped fixtures 6, axial rod 7, an end plate 3, a fixed ring-shaped fixture fixing welding point 4, a limiting or positioning device 5 are provided, and two groups of the same number of ribs and the first and second ring-shaped fixtures constitute a variable diameter steel bar cage unit, and the connection structure is as follows: the first ring-shaped fixture of the first variable diameter steel bar cage unit is fixed to the end of the axial rod, the first and second ring-shaped fixtures are sleeved on the axial rod or the pile foundation rod, the first and second ring-shaped fixtures respectively fix the first end of the first group and the second group of ribs uniformly surrounding the axial rod, the second end of each rib of the first group is respectively flexibly connected with the second end of a corresponding rib of the second group, the second ring-shaped fixture is sleeved on the axial rod and slides, and a limiting or positioning device for the second ring-shaped fixture is provided on the axial rod or the pile foundation rod. The other variable diameter steel bar cage units connected in series on the axial rod are closely dependent. It is better that the second end of each rib of the first group is flexibly connected with the second end of a corresponding rib of the second group.

[0070] The limiting or positioning device 5, in particular the one-way positioning device, is an elastic protrusion, such as an elastic spine welded on the axial rod, or can be an elastic stop protrusion of an umbrella rib similar to that on an umbrella handle.

[0071] The steel wire 8 is a stirrup perpendicular to the reinforcing bar, and the stirrup is preferably more than one circle.

[0072] The flexible connection ends of the ribs (i.e., all the flexible connections between the second end of each rib of the first group and the second end of a corresponding rib of the second group) are all an annular body 1-2 (the relative fixed parts of the two ribs at the connection are annular, and two annular rings together form a double annular body; it may also be in the shape of a bearing ring), but more than two fixing rings 1-3 can be used to fix the double annular body on a simple double annular body, and the double annular body fixes a rib of the first group and the second group respectively, and the ribs and the annular body are better integrated. All of the above annular bodies are on a plane, and an expandable ring 9 is provided for passing through the annular bodies at all the flexible connection ends of a unit of a variable diameter steel cage, and one end of the expandable ring is a buckle ring, and the other end is a stop convex head. When the stop convex head is blocked by the buckle ring, the variable diameter steel cage unit expands to the position of the maximum diameter. The expandable ring can be a semi-rigid or flexible metal material ring. This one is provided with stirrups at the flexible connection of the steel bar for better stress resistance.

[0073] Elastic material annular or spiral hoops or flexible steel wires are also arranged at other uniform locations on the periphery of the ribs. Uniform annular or multiple annular or spiral hoops are realized by steel wire 8; when the annular hoops are loosened, they are in an unused state, and when the annular hoops are opened, the steel cage is in use. The number of ribs in each group does not need to be large, generally greater than or equal to 5, and the ribs all surround the axial rod. Flexible steel wires include / but are not limited to steel hinge wires, steel ropes, chain structures or wires with strong tensile strength and meeting functional requirements include / but are not limited to carbon fiber, graphene and ropes or belts of related carbon elements.

[0074] The steel wire 8 is particularly an annular or multi-annular hoop or spiral hoop. The steel wire 8 is an expandable metal ring (which can be a rigid or flexible metal ring) used to pass through the fixed ring 8-1 provided on the rib. For all the fixed rings, one end of the steel wire 8 is a fixed ring, and the other end or both ends are stop convex heads. When the stop convex head is blocked by the fixed ring, the variable diameter steel cage unit expands to the position of the maximum diameter, and the annular hoop can be tightened. The annular hoop is distributed at multiple positions, and the effect is better if each position has more than one circle.

[0075] The longitudinal section of the variable diameter steel cage unit is a thin rhombus or an expandable rhombus.

[0076] The ribs can be straight lines, arcs or broken lines; if they are arcs, they can be expanded from flat ovals to fat ovals after opening. When the ribs are arcs or broken lines, according to the use requirements of specific projects, according to the variable diameter principle of the present invention, variable diameter steel cages with various three-dimensional shapes can be formed, including cylinders, polygonal cylinders, truncated cones, cones, trapezoidal cylinders, spheres, bamboo-shaped cylinders, etc., see Figure 24-25 .

[0077] Figure 5-6 As shown: it is a stirrup structure, spring stirrups are arranged on the outer periphery of the variable diameter steel cage unit, when the spring stirrups are subjected to tension (tension) stress, they are in a first diameter state, the tension (tension) stress can be applied by providing a tensioning and fixing device for the spring (head) on the axial rod, when the tension (tension) stress of the spring stirrups is released, it is in a second diameter state, the second diameter is larger than the first diameter, the spring stirrups can be longer or shorter than the variable diameter steel cage unit in length, generally it is better that the two have similar lengths; a plurality of ferrules are arranged on the spring stirrups to connect with the ribs of the variable diameter steel cage unit, when the diameter of the spring stirrups and the variable diameter steel cage unit is expanded after being released and opened, the spring stirrups and the variable diameter steel cage unit still have active fixing points.

[0078] An axial rod 7, two groups of 7 ribs 1, 2, first and second annular fixtures 6, an end plate 3, a fixed annular fixture 4, a limiting or positioning device 5, two groups of ribs of the same number and the first and second annular fixtures constitute a variable diameter steel cage unit; the first annular fixture of the first variable diameter steel cage unit is fixed to the end of the axial rod, the first and second annular fixtures are sleeved on the axial rod or the pile foundation rod, the first and second annular fixtures respectively fix the first ends of the first and second groups of ribs, the second ends of each rib of the first group are flexibly connected to the second ends of a corresponding rib of the second group, the second annular fixture is sleeved on the axial rod and slides, and a limiting or positioning device 5 for the second annular fixture is provided on the axial rod or the pile foundation rod. The limiting or positioning device 5 is especially a one-way positioning device, such as an elastic spine welded on the axial rod, or an elastic stopper protrusion of an umbrella rib similar to an umbrella handle. The steel wire 8 is especially an annular hoop reinforcement, and the annular hoop reinforcement is more than one circle. The flexible connection ends of the ribs are all annular bodies 1-2 (the relative fixed parts of the two ribs at the connection are annular bodies, which may be in the shape of a bearing ring, but the simple double annular bodies are fixed to two or more fixing rings 1-3, and the double annular bodies respectively fix one rib of the first group and the second group, and the ribs and the annular bodies are better integrated. The first ring-shaped fixer can be integrated with the end of the axial rod or directly prepared on the axial rod, or a simple umbrella flower piece can be made and welded on the axial rod.

[0079] A circular ring is provided at the flexible connection between the second end of each rib of the first group and the second end of a corresponding rib of the second group. All the circular rings are on the same plane. The expandable ring 9 is used to pass through all the circular rings, and one end of the expandable ring is a buckle ring, and the other end is a stop convex head. When the stop convex head is blocked by the buckle ring, the variable diameter steel cage unit expands to the position of the maximum diameter. The ribs can also be in a toothed shape or an arc shape. After the variable diameter steel cage is expanded, more than 6 evenly distributed vertical bars become an ellipsoidal or toothed columnar structure.

[0080] A typical variable diameter model is one that expands from less than 200mm to 400mm.

[0081] Figure 7 The outer periphery of the variable diameter steel cage unit of the variable diameter steel cage of the present invention is provided with an integral spring type stirrup 16, which has a rigid structure and is a basically unexpanded structure; the releasing device for expanding the ribs is that the integral spring type stirrup 16 is provided with a stopper 16-1 on the axial rod, after the stopper slips off, the integral spring type stirrup 16 is loosened, and the integral spring type stirrup and a steel bar at a certain position on the variable diameter steel cage have at least one fixing point 16-2, which expands a sliding ring-shaped fixer. Figure 8 The present invention Figure 7 The structure that is expanded in .

[0082] Figure 9-25 It is a schematic diagram of various original states and an open structure of the variable diameter steel cage unit of the variable diameter steel cage of the present invention; and a schematic diagram of the structure combined with a bag.

[0083] Figure 9-10 In the structural diagram, a counterweight sleeve 12 is provided on the axial rod. The counterweight sleeve 12 can be formed of metal or inorganic material. When the second ring-shaped fixture sleeve slides on the axial rod, it is integrated with the counterweight sleeve or the second ring-shaped fixture is made on the counterweight sleeve.

[0084] The second ring-shaped fixture is sleeved on the axial rod and is supported by a spring with a preset stress sleeved on the axial rod, that is, the power for the second ring-shaped fixture to slide is provided by the spring with a preset stress sleeved on the axial rod; the release device for opening the ribs is a spring (similar) device for the sleeve rod of the umbrella ribs, which opens at least one sliding ring-shaped fixture; the opening structure includes a spring (not shown) sleeved on the axial rod, the ring-shaped fixture is locked or has a stopper when the spring is under stress (compression or extension), when the lock or stopper is opened, the spring stress drives the ring-shaped fixture to slide on the axial rod (pile foundation rod) and drives the ribs to stretch, which is an umbrella-opening action, the tension spring is unfolded to release the compression spring, and the method of applying external force is all possible. The ring-shaped fixture slides with a stopper fixed on the axial rod, and when the stopper is released, the elastic force of the spring drives the ring-shaped fixture to slide.

[0085] Figure 11-12 The present invention Fig. 9 Another structural diagram of another spring-type stirrup, that is, a steel wire 8; a plurality of buckle rings 9-2 are provided on the outer periphery of the rib, and the spring-type stirrup, that is, the steel wire 8, passes through the buckle ring to form Figure 11-12 device.

[0086] Fig.13 The present invention Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the structure in which the variable diameter steel cage unit of the variable diameter steel cage is placed in the bag; Fig.14 The present invention Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the structure after opening; the bag 14 is also contracted before being placed in the pile foundation hole, Fig.13 To illustrate this, after the bag 14 and one or more wrapped variable-diameter steel cage units are placed in the pile foundation hole, grouting is performed through the grouting hole 11. Before grouting, the variable-diameter steel cage unit is first released to expand, and the bag is also stretched. The bag and the front variable-diameter steel cage unit form a better whole, wherein 13 is the guide head of the lowermost variable-diameter steel cage unit. Fig.15 The present invention Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the variable diameter steel cage unit with a bag after opening; the bag 14 is provided with a fixing device 14-1 for the variable diameter steel cage unit, which can be a tether or a rivet, so that the bag and the variable diameter steel cage unit are fit into shape.

[0087] Fig.16 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the structure of the variable diameter steel cage unit of the variable diameter steel cage using the compression power of the spring 15 to open; the original state of the spring 15 is compressed, and after compression, it is fixed by a rope or a stopper on the axial rod, and when the rope or the stopper is disengaged, the compression spring is released. The diameter of the variable diameter steel cage unit is expanded. Fig.17 yes Fig.16 Open the structure diagram. Fig.18 The present invention Fig.16 Schematic diagram of the structure after opening with spring stirrups; Fig.19 The present invention Fig.18 On the basis of the spring stirrups, there is also a schematic diagram of the structure after the bag is opened;

[0088] Fig. 20 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the variable diameter steel cage unit of the variable diameter steel cage of the present invention, which is opened by the contraction power of the spring 15; the original state of the spring 15 is stretched, and after stretching, it is fixed by a rope or a stopper on the axial rod. When the rope or the stopper is disengaged from the stretched spring and relaxes to the original state, it also drives the sliding second ring-shaped fixing device to slide, driving the expansion of the ribs, and Fig.16 The compression spring mechanism is similar. Fig.21 The present invention Fig. 20 Schematic diagram of the structure after opening; Fig. 22 The present invention Fig. 20 A schematic diagram of the structure of the variable diameter steel cage unit of the variable diameter steel cage after the structure with the bag is opened; Fig.23 The present invention Fig. 20 The schematic diagram of the structure of the variable diameter steel cage unit with a bag and a spring-type stirrup structure after opening. The reinforcement bars in the schematic diagram are basically straight lines, but arcs and broken lines are actually better.

[0089] The opening and releasing device for opening the ribs is a spring (similar) device for the sleeve rod of the umbrella ribs to open at least one sliding ring-shaped fixture. The opening method includes a spring (not shown in the figure) sleeved on the axial rod. When the spring is under stress (compression or extension), the ring-shaped fixture is locked or has a stopper. When the lock or stopper is opened, the spring stress drives the ring-shaped fixture to slide on the axial rod (pile foundation rod). Driving the ribs to open is an umbrella-opening action. The tension spring is unfolded and released, the compression spring is unfolded and released, and the external force is applied. The ring-shaped fixture slides with a stopper fixed on the axial rod, and when the stopper is released, the elastic force of the spring drives the ring-shaped fixture to slide.

[0090] The opening method includes a spring (not shown) sleeved on the axial rod. When the spring is under stress (compression or elongation), the ring-shaped fixture is locked or has a stopper. When the lock or stopper is opened, the spring stress drives the ring-shaped fixture to slide on the axial rod (pile foundation rod). Driving the ribs to stretch out is an umbrella-holding action. The tension spring is unfolded and released, and the compression spring is unfolded and released. The ring-shaped fixture slides with a stopper fixed on the axial rod, and when the stopper is released, the elastic force of the spring drives the ring-shaped fixture to slide. The typical application parameters are that the diameter is 200mm in the tightened structural state and 400mm in the released structural state. Other specifications of variable diameter steel cages can be matched with various drilling hole diameters and application requirements.

[0091] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A variable diameter steel cage, characterized in that: It comprises an axial rod, two groups of a plurality of ribs with the same number, and a first and a second annular fixture. The two groups of a plurality of ribs with the same number and the first and the second annular fixtures constitute a first variable diameter steel bar cage unit. The first annular fixture of the first variable diameter steel bar cage unit is fixed to the end of the axial rod. The first and the second annular fixtures are sleeved on the axial rod. The first and the second annular fixtures respectively fix the first ends of the first and the second groups of ribs surrounding the axial rod. The second end of each rib of the first group is flexibly connected to the second end of a corresponding rib of the second group. The second annular fixture is sleeved on the axial rod and slides. The second annular fixture corresponds to the original state of the variable diameter steel bar cage unit and the second diameter state with an enlarged diameter after release before and after sliding. A limiting or positioning device for the second annular fixture is provided on the axial rod.

2. The variable diameter steel cage according to claim 1, characterized in that: Annular or spring stirrups are arranged on the periphery of the variable diameter steel cage unit, and fixed points are arranged on the first or second group of reinforcement bars or at the flexible connection, and the fixed points are fixed to a part of the annular or spring stirrups.

3. The variable diameter steel cage according to claim 1, characterized in that: Spring stirrups are arranged on the periphery of the variable diameter steel cage unit. When the spring stirrups are subjected to tension or tension stress, they are in a first diameter state. After the tension or tension stress of the spring stirrups is released, they are in a second diameter state, and the second diameter is greater than the first diameter.

4. The variable diameter steel cage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixing points are a plurality of annular bodies or holes, the annular steel bar expandable ring passes through the annular bodies or holes, and at least one end of the steel bar expandable ring is provided with a stop protrusion.

5. The variable diameter steel cage according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The second ring-shaped fixer is sleeved on the axial rod and is supported by a spring with preset stress sleeved on the axial rod, that is, the power for the second ring-shaped fixer to slide is provided by the spring with preset stress sleeved on the axial rod; the release device for opening the ribs is a spring device of the sleeve rod for opening the umbrella ribs, which opens at least one sliding ring-shaped fixer; the opening structure is a spring sleeved on the axial rod, and the spring generates stress when it is compressed or extended. The ring-shaped fixer is locked or has a stopper. When the lock or the stopper is opened, the spring stress drives the ring-shaped fixer to slide on the axial rod and drives the ribs to stretch; a stopper is provided on the axial rod to fix and block the ring-shaped fixer, and when the stopper is released, the elastic force of the spring drives the ring-shaped fixer to slide.

6. The variable diameter steel cage according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The first group of ribs are flexibly connected to the second group of ribs by a rivet shaft structure, and the ribs are flexibly connected to the ring-shaped fixer by a rivet shaft structure or a ring-shaped groove embedded pin shaft ring structure; the flexibly connected ends of the ribs are that each of the two ribs has a circular ring body, and the two circular ring bodies are combined into a double circular ring body, and more than two fixing rings are provided to flexibly fix the double circular ring bodies, and a steel bar expandable ring is provided to pass through all the double circular bodies, the holes of the rivet shaft or the holes of the ring-shaped groove embedded pin shaft ring; the structure of the ring-shaped groove embedded pin shaft ring is: an annular groove is provided on the ring-shaped fixer, and a pin shaft ring or groove is provided in the groove, and a hole is provided at the end of the rib to be sleeved on the pin shaft ring or groove, and the rib is connected to the ring-shaped fixer by a rib-connected U-shaped fixing bracket or an umbrella flower piece.

7. The variable diameter steel cage according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: An end plate is provided at the end of the axial rod, which is fixed to the axial rod to fix the first ring-shaped fixture of the first variable diameter steel cage unit, and the second ring-shaped fixture slides on the axial rod. When released and in a second diameter state with an enlarged diameter, the second ring-shaped fixture slides on the axial rod toward the first ring-shaped fixture under an external force; the axial rod is provided with second to N units of variable diameter steel cage units connected in series; the second variable diameter steel cage unit is composed of a third and fourth sliding ring-shaped fixture, two groups of a plurality of ribs with the same number of roots, and a third and fourth sliding ring-shaped fixture.

8. The variable diameter steel cage according to claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of variable diameter steel cage units are connected in series on the axial rod and fixed by two adjacent ring-shaped fixers.

9. The variable diameter steel cage according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The ring-shaped fixers are all annular rings and are provided with stops for limiting the sliding distance of the ring-shaped fixers. When the two ring-shaped fixers slide on the axial rod, two stops for limiting the sliding distance are provided; the limiting or positioning device is a one-way positioning device, which is an elastic stop protrusion; the ribs are straight lines, arc lines or broken lines.

10. The variable diameter steel cage according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A bag is also provided, and the variable diameter steel bar cage unit is placed in the bag.

11. The variable diameter steel cage according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A third and fourth group of ribs are provided, each of which is longer than the first and second groups of ribs, respectively. The first and second ring-shaped fixers also respectively fix the first ends of the third and fourth groups of ribs surrounding the axial rod. The second end of each rib of the third group is flexibly connected to the second end of a corresponding rib of the fourth group. The angle formed by the third group of ribs and the fourth group of ribs is smaller than the angle formed by the first and second groups of ribs, forming a variable diameter steel cage characterized by a double-layer steel cage, or constructing a three-layer or more steel cage in the same way as forming a double-layer steel cage.

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