Plate structure, single cell and fuel cell

Abstract

The present invention provides a plate structure, a single cell and a fuel cell. The plate structure is applied to the fuel cell, and the fuel cell further includes a membrane electrode. The plate structure is used to contact the diffusion layer of the membrane electrode. Wherein, the plate structure includes: a plate body having a first connection end and a second connection end arranged opposite to each other. The first connection end is in contact with the diffusion layer. A first flow channel and a second flow channel are arranged at the first connection end of the plate body, and the first flow channel and the second flow channel are arranged at intervals; wherein, the first flow channel has a first end and a second end arranged opposite to each other, a first inlet is arranged at the first end, and the second end is a closed end; the second flow channel has a second inlet and a second outlet arranged opposite to each other. The plate structure of the present invention solves the problem that water is easily retained in the contact area between the plate of the fuel cell in the prior art and the diffusion layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular, to a plate structure, a single cell, and a fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] The working medium flowing inside the flow channels of a fuel cell is a multiphase mixture of reaction gases, water vapor, and condensed water. Among them, water comes from the reduction reaction of the cathode catalyst layer, enters the anode and cathode flow channels through diffusion (through the diffusion layer), and is discharged from the flow channels along with the gas flow. The timely discharge of the reaction-generated water can significantly improve the performance of the fuel cell. On the one hand, it avoids the flooding of the catalyst layer, thereby avoiding the electrochemical corrosion of the catalyst; on the other hand, it avoids blocking the diffusion and mass transfer channels of the reaction gases, thereby avoiding "fuel starvation" on the catalyst layer.

[0003] However, in actual use, good fuel cell water management can timely discharge the reaction-generated water accumulated in the flow channels, but it is difficult to drive away the reaction-generated water retained in the area where the plate is in contact with the diffusion layer. Especially at high current densities, the retained water in the contact area is extremely likely to cause corrosion of the catalyst layer and hinder the mass transfer process of the reaction gases through the diffusion layer, which ultimately limits the improvement of the performance and lifespan of the fuel cell. Therefore, a better water management strategy in fuel cells should be able to drive away the retained water in the contact area or avoid the retention of reaction-generated water at the source. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main object of the present invention is to provide a plate structure, a single cell, and a fuel cell to solve the problem of easy retention of water in the contact area between the plate and the diffusion layer of the fuel cell in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a plate structure is provided, which is applied to a fuel cell. The fuel cell further includes a membrane electrode. The plate structure is used to contact the diffusion layer of the membrane electrode. The plate structure includes: a plate body having a first connection end and a second connection end arranged opposite to each other. The first connection end is in contact with the diffusion layer. The first connection end of the plate body is provided with a first flow channel and a second flow channel, and the first flow channel and the second flow channel are arranged at intervals; wherein, the first flow channel has a first end and a second end arranged opposite to each other. The first end is provided with a first inlet, and the second end is a closed end; the second flow channel has a second inlet and a second outlet arranged opposite to each other.

[0006] Furthermore, there are multiple first flow channels, and at least one second flow channel is arranged between adjacent two first flow channels.

[0007] Furthermore, one or two second flow channels are arranged between adjacent two first flow channels.

[0008] Furthermore, the flow area of the first flow channel is smaller than the flow area of the second flow channel.

[0009] Furthermore, the inlet pressure P1 of the first inlet is greater than the inlet pressure P2 of the second inlet.

[0010] Furthermore, the first flow channel is a rectangular channel.

[0011] Furthermore, the second flow channel is a rectangular channel.

[0012] Furthermore, a cooling flow channel is provided at the second connection end. The cooling flow channel is a U-shaped channel. The U-shaped channel has a first channel and a second channel. There are two first channels, and the two first channels are arranged in parallel. One end of the second channel communicates with one of the two first channels, and the other end of the second channel communicates with the other of the two first channels; wherein, the extending directions of the first channel, the first flow channel, and the second flow channel are the same.

[0013] Furthermore, the second flow channel has a second bottom wall and two second side walls. The two second side walls are both connected to the second bottom wall and are oppositely arranged on both sides of the second bottom wall. The second side walls are perpendicular to the second bottom wall, and the two second side walls are both wavy along the extending direction of the second flow channel.

[0014] Furthermore, the second bottom wall is wavy along the extending direction of the second flow channel.

[0015] Furthermore, a cooling flow channel is provided at the second connection end. The extending directions of the cooling flow channel, the first flow channel, and the second flow channel are the same.

[0016] Furthermore, a cooling flow channel is provided at the second connection end. There are multiple cooling flow channels, and the multiple cooling flow channels are arranged at intervals.

[0017] According to the second aspect of the present invention, a single cell is provided, which includes a membrane electrode, a cathode plate, and an anode plate. The cathode plate and the anode plate are oppositely arranged on both sides of the membrane electrode. The cathode plate is a plate structure, wherein, the plate structure is the above-mentioned plate structure.

[0018] Furthermore, the anode plate is a plate structure.

[0019] According to the third aspect of the present invention, a fuel cell is provided, which includes a stack. The stack includes multiple single cells, and the multiple single cells are stacked. Among them, the single cell is the above-mentioned single cell.

[0020] The plate structure of the present invention is applied to a fuel cell. The fuel cell further includes a membrane electrode assembly. The plate structure is used to contact the diffusion layer of the membrane electrode assembly. The plate structure includes a plate body, and the plate body includes a first flow channel and a second flow channel arranged at intervals. The first flow channel has a first end and a second end arranged opposite to each other. The first end is provided with a first inlet, and the second end is a closed end. The second flow channel has a second inlet and a second outlet arranged opposite to each other. By arranging the first flow channel and the second flow channel at intervals, the surplus reaction gas and the water generated by the reaction in the first flow channel can, under the pressure drive, seep through the contact area between the plate body and the diffusion layer of the membrane electrode assembly to the adjacent second flow channel, thereby driving the water retained in the contact area to also seep to the second flow channel. Thus, the retention of the water generated by the reaction in the contact area is avoided, the electrochemical corrosion caused by flooding of the catalyst layer is also avoided, and the diffusion channel area of the reaction gas from the flow channel through the diffusion layer to the catalyst layer is increased, which can enhance gas mass transfer, strengthen drainage at the same time, and improve the battery performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings forming a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 shows a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of the plate structure according to the present invention from one angle;

[0023] Figure 2 shows a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of the plate structure according to the present invention from another angle;

[0024] Figure 3 shows a schematic view of the flow field of a first embodiment of the plate structure according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 shows a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the plate structure according to the present invention from one angle;

[0026] Figure 5 shows a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the plate structure according to the present invention from another angle;

[0027] Figure 6 shows a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of the plate structure according to the present invention from one angle;

[0028] Figure 7 shows a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of the plate structure according to the present invention from another angle;

[0029] Figure 8The structural schematic diagram of the bipolar plate structure of the fuel cell according to the present invention is shown.

[0030] Among them, the above-mentioned drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0031] 10, the first flow channel; 11, the first inlet; 20, the second flow channel; 21, the second inlet; 22, the second outlet; 30, the contact area; 40, the cooling flow channel. Detailed implementation manners

[0032] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0033] It should be pointed out that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further description of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present application belongs.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific implementation manners and are not intended to limit the exemplary implementation manners according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "include" and / or "comprise" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0035] The present invention provides a plate structure. Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 , which is applied to a fuel cell. The fuel cell further includes a membrane electrode. The plate structure is used to contact the diffusion layer of the membrane electrode. The plate structure includes: a plate body, the plate body has a first connection end and a second connection end arranged oppositely, the first connection end is in contact with the diffusion layer, the first connection end of the plate body is provided with a first flow channel 10 and a second flow channel 20, and the first flow channel 10 and the second flow channel 20 are arranged at intervals; among them, the first flow channel 10 has a first end and a second end arranged oppositely, the first end is provided with a first inlet 11, and the second end is a closed end; the second flow channel 20 has a second inlet 21 and a second outlet 22 arranged oppositely.

[0036] The plate structure of the present invention is applied to a fuel cell. The fuel cell further includes a membrane electrode assembly. The plate structure is used to contact the diffusion layer of the membrane electrode assembly. The plate structure includes a plate body, and the plate body includes a first flow channel 10 and a second flow channel 20 arranged at intervals. The first flow channel 10 has a first end and a second end arranged oppositely. The first end is provided with a first inlet 11, and the second end is a closed end. The second flow channel 20 has a second inlet 21 and a second outlet 22 arranged oppositely. By arranging the first flow channel 10 and the second flow channel 20 at intervals, the surplus reaction gas and the reaction-generated water in the first flow channel 10 can, under the pressure drive, seep through the contact area 30 between the plate body and the diffusion layer of the membrane electrode assembly to the adjacent second flow channel 20, thereby driving the water retained in the contact area 30 to also seep into the second flow channel 20. Thus, the retention of the reaction-generated water in the contact area 30 is avoided, the electrochemical corrosion caused by flooding of the catalyst layer is also avoided, and the diffusion channel area of the reaction gas from the flow channel through the diffusion layer to the catalyst layer is increased, which can enhance gas mass transfer, strengthen drainage at the same time, and improve the performance of the fuel cell.

[0037] Wherein, the first flow channel 10 is an interdigitated flow channel with a closed port; the second flow channel 20 is a straight-through flow channel with an open port, and the two are arranged at intervals.

[0038] Wherein, Figure 3 The arrows in represent the flow direction of the medium.

[0039] In this embodiment, there are multiple first flow channels 10, and at least one second flow channel 20 is arranged between two adjacent first flow channels 10.

[0040] In this embodiment, one or two second flow channels 20 are arranged between two adjacent first flow channels 10.

[0041] During specific implementation, both the first flow channel 10 and the second flow channel 20 extend along a first preset direction.

[0042] During specific implementation, the flow area of the first flow channel 10 is smaller than that of the second flow channel 20. Such a setting is because the reaction-generated water in the first flow channel 10 must be drained through lateral diffusion in the contact area 30. If the flow area of the first flow channel 10 is too large and more water is generated, the drainage burden will increase.

[0043] Preferably, the first flow channel 10 and the second flow channel 20 are rectangular channels, and along the direction perpendicular to the first preset direction, the width of the first flow channel 10 is smaller than that of the second flow channel 20.

[0044] In specific implementation, the inlet pressure P1 of the first inlet 11 is greater than the inlet pressure P2 of the second inlet 21. Such a setting ensures that the surplus reaction gas and reaction-generated water in the first flow channel 10 seep through the contact area 30 between the plate body and the diffusion layer of the membrane electrode under the drive of pressure and flow into the adjacent second flow channel 20.

[0045] In order to achieve that the inlet pressure P1 of the first inlet 11 is greater than the inlet pressure P2 of the second inlet 21, the gas channels of the first inlet 11 and the second inlet 21 are isolated from each other, or the gas channels of the first inlet 11 and the second inlet 21 are controlled by two different gas valves.

[0046] In specific implementation, one implementation manner is: the first gas channel is communicated with the first inlet 11 of the first flow channel 10 of the plate structure to convey fluid to the first flow channel 10; the second gas channel is communicated with the second inlet 21 of the second flow channel 20 of the plate structure to convey fluid to the second flow channel 20. Such a setting makes the gas channels of the first flow channel 10 and the second flow channel 20 isolated from each other, so as to separately set the inlet pressure of the first inlet 11 and the inlet pressure of the second inlet 21.

[0047] In specific implementation, another implementation manner is: the first inlet 11 of the first flow channel 10 of the plate structure is communicated with the third gas channel through the first branch, and the second inlet 21 of the second flow channel 20 of the plate structure is communicated with the third gas channel through the second branch; wherein, a first regulating valve is arranged on the first branch; a second regulating valve is arranged on the second branch. Such a setting can achieve the separate setting of the inlet pressure of the first inlet 11 and the inlet pressure of the second inlet 21. Among them, both the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve are gas regulating valves.

[0048] In this embodiment, a cooling flow channel 40 is arranged at the second connection end, and there are multiple cooling flow channels 40, and the multiple cooling flow channels 40 are arranged at intervals. In specific applications, if it is a single cell, the second connection end is directly in contact with the cooling medium for heat dissipation; if it is a fuel cell stack, heat dissipation is achieved by introducing the cooling medium into the cooling flow channel 40 between multiple single cells.

[0049] In this embodiment, the first flow channel 10 is a rectangular channel.

[0050] In the first embodiment, the second flow channel 20 is a rectangular channel.

[0051] In specific implementation, a cooling channel 40 is provided at the second connection end. The cooling channel 40 is a U-shaped channel, and the U-shaped channel has a first channel and a second channel. There are two first channels, and the two first channels are arranged in parallel. One end of the second channel communicates with one of the two first channels, and the other end of the second channel communicates with the other of the two first channels. Among them, the extending directions of the first channel, the first flow channel 10, and the second flow channel 20 are the same. In this embodiment, the plate structure is formed by stamping an ultra-thin metal plate. When the first flow channel 10 (rectangular channel) and the second flow channel 20 (rectangular channel) are stamped on the first connection end, the cooling channel 40 (U-shaped channel) is adaptively formed at the second connection end.

[0052] In the second embodiment, as Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown, the second flow channel 20 has a second bottom wall and two second side walls. The two second side walls are both connected to the second bottom wall and are oppositely arranged on both sides of the second bottom wall. The second side walls are perpendicularly arranged relative to the second bottom wall, and the two second side walls are both wavy along the extending direction of the second flow channel 20. In specific implementation, a cooling channel 40 is provided at the second connection end. The extending directions of the cooling channel 40, the first flow channel 10, and the second flow channel 20 are the same. Such a setting better balances the flow resistances of the first flow channel 10 and the second flow channel 20, so that the surplus reaction gas and reaction-generated water in the first flow channel 10 can all flow through the contact area 30 between the plate body and the diffusion layer of the membrane electrode under the pressure drive and seep into the adjacent second flow channel 20.

[0053] In the third embodiment, as Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown, the second flow channel 20 has a second bottom wall and two second side walls. The two second side walls are both connected to the second bottom wall and are oppositely arranged on both sides of the second bottom wall. The second side walls are perpendicularly arranged relative to the second bottom wall, and the two second side walls are both wavy along the extending direction of the second flow channel 20. The second bottom wall is wavy along the extending direction of the second flow channel 20. In specific implementation, a cooling channel 40 is provided at the second connection end. The extending directions of the cooling channel 40, the first flow channel 10, and the second flow channel 20 are the same. Such a setting better balances the flow resistances of the first flow channel 10 and the second flow channel 20, so that the surplus reaction gas and reaction-generated water in the first flow channel 10 can all flow through the contact area 30 between the plate body and the diffusion layer of the membrane electrode under the pressure drive and seep into the adjacent second flow channel 20.

[0054] In this embodiment, the plate body is formed by stamping.

[0055] Figure 1 、 2 is a plate structure formed by stamping an ultra-thin metal plate, whereFigure 1 It is a structural diagram of the gas flow side, Figure 2 which is Figure 1 the back side of Figure 8 and is a structural diagram of the cooling medium flow side. In fact, the fuel cell design does not require the cathode and anode plates to have the same structural form. The plate structure of the present invention mainly aims at the cathode plate (due to the heavy drainage task of the cathode plate). The anode plate can be designed with the same structure (such as Figure 8 shown, a bipolar plate structure formed by welding two identical plate structures together), or it can be designed with different structures. Figure 8 In

[0056] Figure 8 a cooperation diagram of the cathode plate and the anode plate between the membrane electrodes of two adjacent single cells of the fuel cell according to the present invention is shown, that is, a bipolar plate structure.

[0057] The plate structure in the present invention is applied to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The contact area 30 is in close contact with the membrane electrode. To a certain extent, this contact area 30 will become a flow "dead zone". After the reaction-generated water is generated in this area, it is difficult to drain unless the membrane electrode is dehydrated. On the one hand, the accumulated water increases the gas mass transfer resistance and reduces the utilization rate of the membrane electrode; on the other hand, the long-term accumulated water will cause corrosion of the catalyst layer. By adopting the plate structure of the present invention, when designing the inlet, the first flow channel 10 and the second flow channel 20 have different inlet pressures.

[0058] During the operation of the fuel cell, the gas flow pressure in the first flow channel 10 is relatively high, which can drive the surplus reaction gas and the reaction-generated water to diffuse through the very thin porous medium layer in the contact area 30 to the adjacent channels. In order to avoid excessive reaction-generated water in the first flow channel 10 from being discharged through lateral diffusion in the contact area 30, resulting in a large drainage pressure, the first flow channel 10 is relatively narrow, and it only needs to be able to achieve the purpose of pressure-driven drainage within the contact area. The plate structure of the present invention can achieve the purpose of improving the life and performance of the fuel cell. For a specific design working condition, the sizes and ratios of the first flow channel 10 and the second flow channel 20 in the flow field structure described in the present invention should be checked and calculated according to the working parameters of the specific fuel cell.

[0059] The present invention solves the technical problem of difficult retention or discharge of water generated by reaction in the contact area 30 between the fuel cell plate and the membrane electrode (porous diffusion layer). With the plate structure of the present invention, the water generated in the contact area 30 can be discharged to the adjacent second flow channel 20 under the driving of the reaction gas flow pressure, and then discharged from the battery along with the high-speed flowing reaction gas. During the working process, the surplus reaction gas and the water generated by reaction in the interdigitated flow field are both driven by pressure, pass through the contact area 30 between the plate structure and the diffusion layer of the membrane electrode, and seep into the adjacent straight-through flow channel, thus avoiding the retention of the water generated by reaction in the contact area 30.

[0060] The beneficial effects of the present invention: It avoids the retention of the water generated by reaction in the contact area 30 between the plate and the porous diffusion layer of the membrane electrode, thereby avoiding the electrochemical corrosion of the catalytic layer caused by flooding, increasing the diffusion channel area of the reaction gas from the flow channel through the diffusion layer to the catalytic layer, and improving the battery performance.

[0061] To verify the feasibility of the above solution, a calculation unit (including a second flow channel 20 and two adjacent first flow channels 10) was selected for simulation. The inlet pressure of the second flow channel 20 is a low-pressure inlet, and the outlet is set as a pressure outlet. The inlet pressures of the two first flow channels 10 are high-pressure inlets, and the end sections are closed. The flow regions of the first flow channels 10 and the second flow channel 20 are in close contact with the membrane electrode, and the membrane electrode region is a porous medium region. The simulation results show that the fluid in the first flow channel 10 can penetrate through the membrane electrode under the driving of pressure and enter the second flow channel 20. An obvious pressure gradient pointing to the second flow channel 20 is formed in the contact area 30, which is the driving force for discharging the liquid water in the "flow dead zone".

[0062] The present invention also provides a single cell, including a membrane electrode, a cathode plate and an anode plate. The cathode plate and the anode plate are oppositely arranged on both sides of the membrane electrode. The cathode plate is a plate structure, and among them, the plate structure is the plate structure in the above embodiment. Such a setting can improve the service life and performance of the fuel cell.

[0063] In one embodiment, the anode plate is a plate structure.

[0064] In another embodiment, the anode plate includes an anode plate main body, and the anode plate main body has a relatively arranged third connection end and a fourth connection end. The third connection end is in contact with the membrane electrode, and a third flow channel is formed between the third connection end and the membrane electrode. The third flow channel has a relatively arranged third inlet and a third outlet; among them, there are multiple third flow channels, and the multiple third flow channels are arranged at intervals.

[0065] The present invention also provides a fuel cell, including a stack. The stack includes a plurality of single cells, and the plurality of single cells are stacked. Among them, the single cell is the single cell in the above embodiment.

[0066] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0067] The plate structure of the present invention is applied to a fuel cell. The fuel cell further includes a membrane electrode assembly. The plate structure is used to contact the diffusion layer of the membrane electrode assembly. The plate structure includes a plate body. The plate body includes a first flow channel 10 and a second flow channel 20 arranged at intervals. The first flow channel 10 has a first end and a second end arranged opposite to each other. The first end is provided with a first inlet 11, and the second end is a closed end; the second flow channel 20 has a second inlet 21 and a second outlet 22 arranged opposite to each other. By arranging the first flow channel 10 and the second flow channel 20 at intervals, the surplus reaction gas and reaction-generated water in the first flow channel 10 can, under the drive of pressure, seep through the contact area 30 between the plate body and the diffusion layer of the membrane electrode assembly to the adjacent second flow channel 20, thereby driving the water retained in the contact area 30 to also seep into the second flow channel 20. Thus, the retention of the reaction-generated water in the contact area 30 is avoided, the electrochemical corrosion caused by flooding of the catalyst layer is also avoided, and the diffusion channel area of the reaction gas from the flow channel through the diffusion layer to the catalyst layer is increased. This can enhance gas mass transfer, strengthen drainage at the same time, and improve the battery performance.

[0068] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification, claims and above-mentioned drawings of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily need to be used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application described here can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0069] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above", "over", "on the upper surface", "upper" etc. may be used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of one device or feature to other devices or features as shown in the figures. It should be understood that the spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is inverted, a device described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures will then be positioned "below" or "under" the other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both orientations of "above" and "below". The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the corresponding explanations for the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be made accordingly.

[0070] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bipolar plate structure is applied to a fuel cell. The fuel cell further includes a membrane electrode assembly. The bipolar plate structure is used to contact the diffusion layer of the membrane electrode assembly. It is characterized in that, The plate structure includes: A plate body having a first connection end and a second connection end disposed opposite to each other. The first connection end is in contact with the diffusion layer. A first flow channel (10) and a second flow channel (20) are provided at the first connection end of the plate body, and the first flow channel (10) and the second flow channel (20) are spaced apart. Wherein, the first flow channel (10) has a first end and a second end disposed opposite to each other. A first inlet (11) is provided at the first end, and the second end is a closed end; the second flow channel (20) has a second inlet (21) and a second outlet (22) disposed opposite to each other. The first flow channel (10) is a rectangular channel; the second flow channel (20) has a second bottom wall and two second side walls. Both of the two second side walls are connected to the second bottom wall and are disposed opposite to each other on both sides of the second bottom wall. The second side walls are vertically disposed relative to the second bottom wall, and both of the two second side walls are wavy along the extending direction of the second flow channel (20); the second bottom wall is wavy along the extending direction of the second flow channel (20); a cooling flow channel (40) is provided at the second connection end, and the extending directions of the cooling flow channel (40), the first flow channel (10), and the second flow channel (20) are the same. The inlet pressure P1 of the first inlet (11) is greater than the inlet pressure P2 of the second inlet (21), and the gas channels for ventilating the first inlet (11) and the gas channels for ventilating the second inlet (21) are isolated from each other. The flow area of the first flow channel (10) is smaller than the flow area of the second flow channel (20). The first inlet (11) of the first flow channel (10) of the plate structure is communicated with a third gas channel through a first branch, and the second inlet (21) of the second flow channel (20) of the plate structure is communicated with the third gas channel through a second branch; wherein, a first regulating valve is provided on the first branch; a second regulating valve is provided on the second branch.

2. The bipolar plate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple first flow channels (10), and at least one second flow channel (20) is provided between two adjacent first flow channels (10).

3. The bipolar plate structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, One or two second flow channels (20) are provided between two adjacent first flow channels (10).

4. The bipolar plate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second flow channel (20) is a rectangular channel.

5. The bipolar plate structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, A cooling flow channel (40) is provided at the second connection end. The cooling flow channel (40) is a U-shaped channel. The U-shaped channel has a first channel and a second channel. There are two first channels, and the two first channels are arranged in parallel. One end of the second channel is communicated with one of the two first channels, and the other end of the second channel is communicated with the other of the two first channels. Wherein, the extending directions of the first channel, the first flow channel (10), and the second flow channel (20) are the same.

6. The bipolar plate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A cooling flow channel (40) is provided at the second connection end. There are multiple cooling flow channels (40), and the multiple cooling flow channels (40) are spaced apart.

7. A single cell includes a membrane electrode assembly, a cathode bipolar plate and an anode bipolar plate. The cathode bipolar plate and the anode bipolar plate are oppositely arranged on both sides of the membrane electrode assembly. The cathode bipolar plate is the bipolar plate structure. It is characterized in that, The plate structure is the plate structure described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The single cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, The anode plate is the plate structure.

9. A fuel cell includes a stack. The stack includes a plurality of single cells which are stacked. It is characterized in that, The single cell is the single cell described in any one of claims 7 or 8.

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