An ultrasonic well circumference imaging logging tool

Abstract

An ultrasonic wellbore imaging logging instrument is used to detect cement bonding and casing quality around oil wells. The data transmission component is equipped with a first cylinder section, and the data transmission component transmits data of the first detection component and the second detection component to a ground control host; the first detection component is equipped with a second cylinder section, and the first cylinder section and the second cylinder section are connected; one end of the second detection component is connected to the motor drive component, and the other end of the second detection component is provided with an ultrasonic transducer; the first detection component and the second detection component detect the cement bonding quality and casing quality around the oil well; the motor drive component drives the second detection component to rotate 360 ​​degrees, and the second detection component drives the ultrasonic transducer to emit ultrasonic pulse signals 360 degrees to the casing around the oil well; the main control module is used to control the first detection component and the second detection component. It can realize one-time downhole, evaluate cement bonding and casing quality, shorten the measure cycle and reduce the operation cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiment of the present invention relates to the technical field of petroleum well logging, and in particular to an ultrasonic wellbore imaging logging tool. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous deepening of oilfield development, more and more complex well conditions are encountered. In the process of completion and development of wells, cementing quality evaluation and casing damage detection have become important factors affecting oilfield development. The quality of cementing in development wells is directly related to the development plan of oil and gas wells in the later stage, whether the oil and gas in the completion well can be efficiently produced; whether the water layer can be well sealed. The quality of casing in development wells is directly related to the production cycle of oil and gas wells and the life of the well. However, there are many reasons for casing deformation. Finding out the cause of casing damage is of great significance for preventing casing damage.

[0003] At present, cementing quality inspection and evaluation are still mainly based on traditional CBL (acoustic amplitude logging) and VDL (acoustic variable density logging), but with the different completion methods and the increasing complexity of well conditions, traditional logging technology cannot meet engineering needs. In the middle and late stages of oilfield development, due to the long-term effects of anisotropy of formation stress, artificial water injection and chemical corrosion of liquids inside and outside the well, the damage, deformation and corrosion of oil and water well casings are becoming increasingly prominent. An ultrasonic wellbore imaging logging technology solution is urgently needed. Summary of the invention

[0004] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides an ultrasonic circumferential imaging logging instrument that can scan data within a 360° range of the oil well casing, ensure the accuracy of evaluating the quality of cement bonding, and comprehensively judge the internal and external conditions of the casing. It can be used in the identification of dense formation cracks and ground stress analysis in open hole wells.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an ultrasonic circumferential well imaging logging instrument, used for detecting cement bonding and casing quality around an oil well, comprising a data transmission component, a first detection component, a motor drive component and a second detection component; the data transmission component is configured with a first barrel section, and the data transmission component is used to transmit data of the first detection component and the second detection component to a ground control host; the first detection component is configured with a second barrel section, and the first barrel section and the second barrel section are connected; the motor drive component is connected to one end of the first detection component, and the first detection component includes a mud wave detector; one end of the second detection component is connected to the motor drive component, and the other end of the second detection component is provided with an ultrasonic transducer;

[0006] The first detection assembly and the second detection assembly are used to detect the cement bonding quality and casing quality around the oil well;

[0007] The motor drive assembly drives the second detection assembly to rotate 360°, and the second detection assembly drives the ultrasonic transducer to transmit ultrasonic pulse signals 360° to the casing around the oil well;

[0008] The first detection component and the second detection component are connected to a main control module, and the main control module is used to control the first detection component and the second detection component.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the ultrasonic circumferential well imaging logging instrument, the first detection assembly is arranged inside the second cylinder section, and a mud detection window is provided on the side of the second cylinder section.

[0010] As a preferred solution for the ultrasonic circumferential well imaging logging instrument, the ultrasonic transducer is connected to a first analog front-end circuit, the first analog front-end circuit is connected to a signal detection circuit, the signal detection circuit is connected to a first acquisition circuit, and the first acquisition circuit is connected to the main control module.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the ultrasonic circumferential well imaging logging instrument, the mud wave detector is connected to a second analog front-end circuit, the second analog front-end circuit is connected to a full-wave acquisition circuit, and the full-wave acquisition circuit is connected to the main control module.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the ultrasonic circumferential well imaging logging instrument, the second detection component includes a rotary joint, and the rotary joint is connected between the motor drive component and the ultrasonic transducer.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the ultrasonic circumferential imaging logging instrument, a corrector is provided on the outer side of the rotary joint, the corrector is connected to the side wall of the rotary joint through a bearing, and the corrector includes a corrector arm, which extends in a ring shape around the rotary joint.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the ultrasonic wellbore imaging logging instrument, the first detection component also includes a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature data inside the oil well;

[0015] The first detection component also includes a pressure sensor, which is used to detect pressure data inside the oil well;

[0016] The first detection component also includes a geomagnetic sensor, which is used to detect the spatial distribution characteristics inside the oil well by electromagnetic method.

[0017] As a preferred solution of the ultrasonic circumferential well imaging logging instrument, the temperature sensor, pressure sensor and geomagnetic sensor are connected to a signal processing circuit, the signal processing circuit is connected to a second acquisition circuit, and the second acquisition circuit is connected to a main control module.

[0018] As a preferred solution of the ultrasonic circumferential well imaging logging instrument, the geomagnetic sensor is connected to a fluxgate driving circuit.

[0019] As a preferred solution of the ultrasonic circumferential well imaging logging instrument, the first detection component and the second detection component are connected to a power module, and the power module is also connected to the motor drive component.

[0020] The embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages: by exciting ultrasonic waves of different frequencies and measuring the ultrasonic wave trains reflected from the outer and inner interfaces of the casing, the attenuation rate of the received wave train can indicate the quality of cement bonding at the cement / casing interface, and the echo frequency of the casing provides the wall thickness information required for casing detection. The data within the 360° range of the casing can be scanned to ensure the accuracy of evaluating the quality of cement bonding and to judge the internal and external conditions of the casing in all directions. It can achieve one-time downhole, evaluate cement bonding and casing quality, shorten the measure cycle and reduce the operating cost; in terms of cement bonding evaluation, it can make accurate judgments on solid cement, liquid water, unbonded micro-voids, and gas, and more intuitively understand the annular phase; in terms of casing damage detection, it can identify the inner and outer diameters / wall thicknesses and corrosion conditions of the casing, and make quantitative judgments on the corrosion conditions of the casing; it can be applied to the monitoring of casing centering, cement ring thickness, and perforation quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0022] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification so as to facilitate understanding and reading by persons familiar with the technology. They are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any structural modification, change in proportion or adjustment of size shall still fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an ultrasonic circumferential well imaging logging tool provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the hardware architecture of an ultrasonic circumferential well imaging logging tool provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a well logging effect diagram of the ultrasonic well circumference imaging well logging tool of the present invention;

[0026] In the figure: 1. data transmission component; 2. first detection component; 3. motor drive component; 4. second detection component; 5. first cylinder section; 6. second cylinder section; 7. mud wave detector; 8. ultrasonic transducer; 9. main control module; 10. mud detection window; 11. first analog front-end circuit; 12. signal detection circuit; 13. second analog front-end circuit; 14. full-wave acquisition circuit; 15. rotary joint; 16. corrector; 17. correction arm; 18. temperature sensor; 19. pressure sensor; 20. geomagnetic sensor; 21. signal processing circuit; 22. second acquisition circuit; 23. fluxgate drive circuit; 24. power module; 25. first acquisition circuit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following is a description of the implementation of the present invention by specific embodiments. People familiar with the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] In this embodiment, the hardware modules and circuits involved all adopt the solutions already available in the prior art. In the embodiment of the present invention, "well periphery" is a common name for the inner periphery of an oil well by those skilled in the art.

[0029] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2The embodiment of the present invention provides an ultrasonic wellbore imaging logging instrument for detecting cement bonding and casing quality around an oil well, comprising a data transmission component 1, a first detection component 2, a motor drive component 3, and a second detection component 4; the data transmission component 1 is configured with a first cylinder section 5, and the data transmission component 1 is used to transmit data of the first detection component 2 and the second detection component 4 to a ground control host; the first detection component 2 is configured with a second cylinder section 6, and the first cylinder section 5 and the second cylinder section 6 are connected; the motor drive component 3 is connected to one end of the first detection component 2, and the first detection component 2 includes a mud wave detector 7; one end of the second detection component 4 is connected to the motor drive component 3, and the other end of the second detection component 4 is provided with an ultrasonic transducer 8. The first detection component 2 and the second detection component 4 are used to detect the cement bonding quality and casing quality around the oil well. The motor drive component 3 drives the second detection component 4 to rotate 360°, and the second detection component 4 drives the ultrasonic transducer 8 to transmit ultrasonic pulse signals 360° to the casing around the oil well. The first detection component 2 and the second detection component 4 are connected to a main control module 9 , and the main control module 9 is used to control the first detection component 2 and the second detection component 4 .

[0030] In one embodiment of the ultrasonic circumferential imaging logging instrument, the first detection component 2 is arranged inside the second barrel section 6, and a mud detection window 10 is provided on the side of the second barrel section 6. The ultrasonic transducer 8 is connected to a first analog front-end circuit 11, the first analog front-end circuit 11 is connected to a signal detection circuit 12, the signal detection circuit 12 is connected to a first acquisition circuit 25, and the first acquisition circuit 25 is connected to the main control module 9. The mud wave detector 7 is connected to a second analog front-end circuit 13, the second analog front-end circuit 13 is connected to a full-wave acquisition circuit 14, and the full-wave acquisition circuit 14 is connected to the main control module 9. The second detection component 4 includes a rotary joint 15, and the rotary joint 15 is connected between the motor drive component 3 and the ultrasonic transducer 8. The design of the rotary joint 15 enables the second detection component 4 to rotate under the drive of the motor drive component 3, so that the ultrasonic transducer 8 emits ultrasonic waves during the rotation process.

[0031] Specifically, the analog front-end circuit is mainly composed of impedance matching and pre-amplification, signal selection, bandpass filtering, and programmable amplifier (PGA); the purpose of the analog front-end circuit is to process the analog signal given by the signal source, digitize it, and analyze it. The analog front-end circuit can amplify the signal. When the received signal is too weak and cannot meet the system carrier-to-noise ratio requirements, a low-noise amplifier must be used at the front end to amplify it to improve the carrier-to-noise ratio. In order to achieve a certain configuration of the transmission channel or to avoid certain interference, the analog front-end circuit realizes the conversion of certain channels.

[0032] In one embodiment of the ultrasonic circumferential imaging logging instrument, a corrector 16 is provided on the outer side of the rotary joint 15, the corrector 16 is connected to the side wall of the rotary joint 15 through a bearing, and the corrector 16 includes a corrector arm 17, and the corrector arm 17 is annularly extending around the rotary joint 15. The purpose of the corrector 16 is to ensure that the rotary joint 15 is upright during rotation.

[0033] In one embodiment of the ultrasonic wellbore imaging logging instrument, the first detection component 2 further includes a temperature sensor 18, which is used to detect temperature data inside the oil well; the first detection component 2 further includes a pressure sensor 19, which is used to detect pressure data inside the oil well; the first detection component 2 further includes a geomagnetic sensor 20, which is used to detect the spatial distribution characteristics inside the oil well by electromagnetic method. The temperature sensor 18, the pressure sensor 19 and the geomagnetic sensor 20 are connected to a signal processing circuit 21, and the signal processing circuit 21 is connected to a second acquisition circuit 22, and the second acquisition circuit 22 is connected to the main control module 9. The geomagnetic sensor 20 is connected to a fluxgate drive circuit 23. The acquisition circuit and the fluxgate drive circuit 23 both adopt the existing technology. The first detection component 2 and the second detection component 4 are connected to a power module 24, and the power module 24 is also connected to the motor drive component 3. The power module 24 is used to supply power to the first detection component 2, the second detection component 4 and the motor drive component 3.

[0034] The embodiment of the present invention uses an ultrasonic transducer 8 mounted on a rotary joint 15 at the bottom of the instrument. The rotary probe rotates at a speed of 7.5 rpm and emits a 250-450 kHz ultrasonic beam to the casing. The ultrasonic transducer 8 excites ultrasonic waves of different frequencies and measures the ultrasonic wave trains reflected from the outer and inner interfaces of the casing. The echo time of the received wave train can evaluate the inner diameter of the casing, and the resonant wave frequency of the casing provides the wall thickness information required for casing detection. After these independent waveforms are processed, the casing thickness, inner diameter and inner wall smoothness data can be obtained from the initial echo, so that the casing corrosion and deformation can be evaluated.

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention can scan the data within the range of 360° of the casing, ensuring that the quality of cement bonding can be evaluated and the internal and external conditions of the casing can be judged. When measuring by the ultrasonic pulse reflection method, the ultrasonic transducer 8 is a self-transmitting and self-receiving probe. First, an ultrasonic pulse signal is excited to the transmitting probe. The ultrasonic pulse signal propagates in the fluid and then incident on the inner wall of the casing. Most of the sound wave energy is reflected back and received by the transducer. The remaining sound wave energy enters the casing, and the sound wave signal is reflected multiple times between the casing and the cement ring and between the casing and the formation surface. On each surface, some energy will be reflected and some energy will be transmitted. The amount of energy is determined by the difference in acoustic impedance of the two materials. By monitoring the acoustic impedance, the density of the reaction medium can be evaluated, and the cement ratio and bonding condition in the annulus can be evaluated.

[0036] See also Figure 3 The well logging diagram using the technical solution of the present invention is divided into twelve tracks from left to right:

[0037] Track 1: Magnetic positioning, natural gamma, probe rotation speed and instrument eccentricity curve.

[0038] Second step: measure depth.

[0039] The third and fourth tracks: echo amplitude curves, reflecting the condition of the inner wall of the casing.

[0040] Track 5 and 6: minimum, maximum and average value of the inner radius of the casing, and average value of the outer radius of the casing.

[0041] Track 7: Casing inner diameter value minus average value imaging curve, which reflects the corrosion, scratches, scaling, etc. of the inner wall of the casing through color gradient.

[0042] Track 8: Maximum, average and minimum values ​​of casing wall thickness.

[0043] Track 9: Casing thickness minus mean value imaging track, which reflects the change of casing wall thickness through color gradient.

[0044] Track 10: Acoustic impedance imaging of cement bonding.

[0045] Question 11: Quantitative calculation distribution diagram of cement bonding acoustic impedance solid, liquid, gas and uncemented.

[0046] Track 12: Comprehensive imaging of cement-bonded annulus.

[0047] Specifically, the criteria for judging whether the casing wall is not damaged or corroded are: 1. High echo amplitude; 2. Regular inner and outer diameter values ​​in the longitudinal section; 3. Good coincidence of maximum and minimum values ​​of wall thickness; 4. Light color of inner diameter and wall thickness imaging.

[0048] The criteria for judging casing corrosion are: 1. Small echo amplitude; 2. Large fluctuations in inner and outer diameters in the longitudinal section; 3. Large differences in the maximum and minimum values ​​of wall thickness; 4. Dark color of the inner diameter and wall thickness imaging.

[0049] The criteria for judging inner diameter corrosion are: 1. The echo amplitude difference is high and the color is abnormally dark; 2. The maximum and minimum values ​​of the inner diameter in the longitudinal section are very different; 3. The wall thickness imaging difference becomes smaller and the color is darker; 4. The inner diameter imaging difference becomes larger and the color is darker.

[0050] The criteria for judging the outer diameter of the casing are: 1. The echo amplitude is normal and the inner diameter is normal; 2. The inner diameter difference image is light in color. 3. The wall thickness difference image is dark in color. If the inner diameter is normal and the wall thickness is reduced, the outer diameter of the casing is corroded.

[0051] Figure 3 The casing abnormality at 447-451.5m in the well showed a minimum wall thickness of 0.28in (engineering value 0.317in) and a maximum inner diameter of 3.14in (engineering value 3.183in). It was determined that the wall thickness was missing 22.65% and the inner diameter was missing 0.32%. The inner diameter of the casing in this section did not change (within the engineering range), but the wall thickness was missing very seriously. It was comprehensively determined that the outer diameter of the casing was severely corroded.

[0052] The embodiment of the present invention excites ultrasonic waves of different frequencies and measures the ultrasonic wave trains reflected from the external and internal interfaces of the casing. The attenuation rate of the received wave train can indicate the quality of cement bonding at the cement / casing interface, and the echo frequency of the casing provides the wall thickness information required for casing detection. The data within the 360° range of the casing can be scanned to ensure the accuracy of evaluating the quality of cement bonding and to comprehensively judge the internal and external conditions of the casing. It can achieve one-time downhole, evaluate cement bonding and casing quality, shorten the measure cycle and reduce operating costs; in terms of cement bonding evaluation, it can make accurate judgments on solid cement, liquid water, unbonded micro-voids, and gas, and more intuitively understand the annular phase; in terms of casing damage detection, it can identify the inner and outer diameters / wall thicknesses and corrosion conditions of the casing, and make quantitative judgments on the corrosion conditions of the casing; it can be applied to the monitoring of casing centering, cement ring thickness, and perforation quality.

[0053] Although the present invention has been described in detail above by general description and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made to the present invention. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic circumferential well imaging logging tool, characterized in that: The invention comprises a data transmission component (1), a first detection component (2), a motor drive component (3) and a second detection component (4); the data transmission component (1) is used for transmitting data of the first detection component (2) and the second detection component (4) to a ground control host; the motor drive component (3) is connected to one end of the first detection component (2), and the first detection component (2) comprises a mud wave detector (7); one end of the second detection component (4) is connected to the motor drive component (3), and the other end of the second detection component (4) is provided with an ultrasonic transducer (8); The first detection component (2) and the second detection component (4) are used to detect the cement bonding quality and casing quality around the oil well; The motor drive assembly (3) drives the second detection assembly (4) to rotate 360 ​​degrees, and the second detection assembly (4) drives the ultrasonic transducer (8) to transmit ultrasonic pulse signals 360 degrees to the casing around the oil well; The first detection component (2) and the second detection component (4) are connected to a main control module (9), and the main control module (9) is used to control the first detection component (2) and the second detection component (4); The data transmission component (1) is provided with a first cylinder segment (5); the first detection component (2) is provided with a second cylinder segment (6), and the first cylinder segment (5) and the second cylinder segment (6) are connected; The first detection assembly (2) is arranged inside the second cylinder section (6), and a mud detection window (10) is provided on the side of the second cylinder section (6); The ultrasonic transducer (8) is connected to a first analog front-end circuit (11), the first analog front-end circuit (11) is connected to a signal detection circuit (12), the signal detection circuit (12) is connected to a first acquisition circuit (25), and the first acquisition circuit (25) is connected to the main control module (9); The mud wave detector (7) is connected to a second analog front-end circuit (13), the second analog front-end circuit (13) is connected to a full-wave acquisition circuit (14), and the full-wave acquisition circuit (14) is connected to the main control module (9); The second detection assembly (4) comprises a rotary joint (15), wherein the rotary joint (15) is connected between the motor drive assembly (3) and the ultrasonic transducer (8); a corrector (16) is provided on the outer side of the rotary joint (15), wherein the corrector (16) is connected to the side wall of the rotary joint (15) via a bearing, and wherein the corrector (16) comprises a corrector arm (17), wherein the corrector arm (17) is annularly extending around the rotary joint (15); The rotary probe rotates and emits a 250-450 kHz ultrasonic beam to the casing. The ultrasonic transducer (8) excites ultrasonic waves of different frequencies and measures the ultrasonic wave trains reflected from the outer and inner interfaces of the casing. The echo time of the received wave train is used to evaluate the inner diameter of the casing. The resonant wave frequency of the casing provides the wall thickness information required for casing detection. After the independent waveform is processed, the casing thickness, inner diameter and inner wall smoothness data are obtained from the initial echo to evaluate the corrosion and deformation of the casing. There are twelve traces in the well logging chart from left to right: The first track: magnetic positioning, natural gamma, probe speed and instrument eccentricity curve; Second track: measure depth; The third and fourth tracks: echo amplitude curves, reflecting the inner wall conditions of the casing; Track 5 and 6: minimum, maximum and average value of the inner radius of the casing, and average value of the outer radius of the casing; Track 7: Casing inner diameter value minus average value imaging curve, which reflects the corrosion, scratches and scaling of the inner wall of the casing through color gradient; Track 8: Maximum, average and minimum values ​​of casing wall thickness; Track 9: Casing thickness minus mean value imaging track, which reflects the change of casing wall thickness through color gradient; Track 10: Acoustic impedance imaging of cement bonding; Question 11: Cement bonding acoustic impedance solid, liquid, gas, and uncemented micro-quantitative calculation distribution diagram; Track 12: Comprehensive imaging of cement-bonded annulus; The first detection component (2) further comprises a temperature sensor (18), wherein the temperature sensor (18) is used to detect temperature data inside the oil well; The first detection component (2) further comprises a pressure sensor (19), wherein the pressure sensor (19) is used to detect pressure data inside the oil well; The first detection component (2) further comprises a geomagnetic sensor (20), and the geomagnetic sensor (20) is used to detect the spatial distribution characteristics inside the oil well by electromagnetic method; The temperature sensor (18), the pressure sensor (19) and the geomagnetic sensor (20) are connected to a signal processing circuit (21), the signal processing circuit (21) is connected to a second acquisition circuit (22), and the second acquisition circuit (22) is connected to a main control module (9).

2. The ultrasonic circumferential well imaging logging tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The geomagnetic sensor (20) is connected to a fluxgate drive circuit (23).

3. The ultrasonic circumferential well imaging logging tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first detection component (2) and the second detection component (4) are connected to a power module (24), and the power module (24) is also connected to the motor drive component (3).

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