Underwater terrain structures for water ecological restoration
By setting up a variety of deep water zones and deep grooves in the underwater terrain structure and combining with sloped areas, the problem of submerged plants amplification caused by habitat homogenization in the existing technology is solved, the symbiosis of multiple plants is promoted, and the water body is enhanced Biodiversity and reduce management costs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN201810188454.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2018-03-07
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-17
- Estimated Expiration
- 2038-03-07
AI Technical Summary
The existing technology ignores the creation of underwater topographic habitats suitable for the growth of submerged plants in lake eutrophication management and water ecological restoration, resulting in habitat homogenization and large-scale expansion of pioneer species or highly competitive submerged plants. Reduce water biodiversity and increase management costs.
Design an underwater terrain structure, including shallow submerged plant planting belt, deep submerged plant planting belt and deep grooves. By setting up a sloped area, a water depth gradient is formed to promote the common growth of multiple submerged plants and avoid the spread of a single species. And prevent plant residues from accumulation through deep groove intervals.
The improvement of water biodiversity and the reduction of management costs have been achieved, the health and stability of the water ecosystem have been maintained, and the inhibition of photosynthesis and the impact of fish respiration during the decay period of a single species have been avoided.
Smart Images
Figure CN110240277B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological environment engineering, and in particular to an underwater terrain structure used for water body ecological restoration. Background Art
[0002] Submerged plants are an important part of aquatic ecosystems. Lakes rich in submerged plants have clear water quality, high dissolved oxygen, low algae density, and high biodiversity. A large number of studies have shown that submerged plants can absorb nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in water, increase dissolved oxygen in water, inhibit the resuspension of lake sediments and inhibit the growth of plankton, and can provide food and habitats for aquatic animals such as fish. They have important ecological value for improving the biodiversity and stability of aquatic ecosystems and controlling eutrophication of water bodies. Therefore, submerged plants are widely used in the treatment of eutrophic water bodies, ecological restoration of lakes and rivers, and the construction of artificial wetland ecosystems for water purification.
[0003] The growth of submerged plants requires high water transparency and depth conditions, and the suitable growth depths of different species of submerged plants are not the same. At present, lake eutrophication control and water ecological restoration pay more attention to water quality conditions and the species configuration of submerged plants themselves, while ignoring the creation of underwater terrain habitats suitable for the growth of submerged plants, resulting in the large-scale expansion and spread of pioneer species or a few highly competitive submerged plants due to habitat homogenization, causing problems such as a single aquatic plant species in lake waters and a decline in biodiversity; in addition, when a single species of submerged plants grow in patches and enter the decline period, large areas of plant residues accumulate and cover the water surface, reducing the light transmittance of the water, inhibiting underwater photosynthesis and fish respiration, and having an adverse impact on the health and stability of the aquatic ecosystem, while increasing the difficulty and management cost of harvesting submerged plants. Summary of the invention
[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an underwater terrain structure for water body ecological restoration to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides an underwater terrain structure for water body ecological restoration, including at least one ecological restoration unit, each of the ecological restoration units including a first planting belt for planting shallow water submerged plant species, a second planting belt for planting deep water submerged plant species and a deep ditch, the water depth of the first planting belt is less than the water depth of the second planting belt, the water depth of the second planting belt is less than the water depth of the deep ditch, a first slope is set between the first planting belt and the second planting belt, and a second slope is set between the second planting belt and the deep ditch.
[0006] Preferably, the water depth of the first planting belt is 0.5-0.8 m, the water depth of the second planting belt is 1.2-1.5 m, and the water depth of the deep ditch is greater than 2.5 m.
[0007] Preferably, the shallow water submerged plant species include Vallisneria, Hydrilla verticillata or Macrocystis; the deep water submerged plant species include Myriophyllum, Potamogeton combinatum or Potamogeton bamboo leaf.
[0008] Preferably, the slope of the first slope reduction or the second slope reduction is 1:2 to 1:3.
[0009] Preferably, the first planting belt is circular, the second planting belt and the deep ditch are both annular, the first planting belt is located within the annular circle of the second planting belt, and the second planting belt is located within the annular circle of the deep ditch.
[0010] Preferably, the first planting belt, the second planting belt and the deep groove are all in the shape of long strips and are arranged alternately.
[0011] As described above, the underwater terrain structure for water ecological restoration involved in the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention utilizes the suitable water depth and habitat requirements of different submerged plants, and shapes the underwater terrain structure according to the water depth gradient, so as to avoid the large-scale expansion and spread of pioneer species or a few highly competitive plants caused by habitat homogenization, so as to achieve the co-growth of multiple submerged plants in the same water area and enrich the biodiversity of the water body; at the same time, by shaping deep trenches with deeper water depths that are not suitable for the growth of submerged plants, the submerged plant planting belts are separated, so as to avoid the accumulation of large areas of plant residues in the decline period covering the water surface and inhibiting underwater photosynthesis and fish respiration, thereby maintaining the biodiversity and healthy stability of the water ecosystem while reducing the management and maintenance costs of submerged plants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the plan layout of the present invention.
[0013] Figure 2 It is a topographic cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention.
[0014] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of submerged plant configuration in terrain section.
[0015] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the plan layout of another embodiment of the present invention.
[0016] Component number description
[0017] 1 The first planting zone
[0018] 11 Shallow water submerged plant species
[0019] 12 First Slope
[0020] 2 Second planting zone
[0021] 21 Deepwater submerged plant species
[0022] 22 Second Slope
[0023] 3 Deep groove DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] The following is a description of the implementation of the present invention by means of specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.
[0025] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions for the implementation of the present invention, so they have no substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change of the proportional relationship or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and the like cited in this specification are only for the convenience of description, and are not used to limit the scope of the implementation of the present invention. The change or adjustment of the relative relationship should also be regarded as the scope of the implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.
[0026] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the present invention provides an underwater terrain structure for water body ecological restoration, including at least one ecological restoration unit, each of which includes a first planting belt 1, a second planting belt 2 and a deep ditch 3, the water depth of the first planting belt 1 is less than the water depth of the second planting belt 2, the water depth of the second planting belt 2 is less than the water depth of the deep ditch 3, a first slope 12 is set between the first planting belt 1 and the second planting belt 2, and a second slope 22 is set between the second planting belt 2 and the deep ditch 3. The first planting belt 1 is used to plant shallow water submerged plant species 11 that are suitable for shallow water growth and have high requirements for water transparency, such as Vallisneria, Hydrilla verticillata or Macrocystis, etc.; the second planting belt 2 is used to plant deep water submerged plant species 21 that are suitable for larger water depths and have relatively low requirements for water transparency, such as Myriophyllum, Potamogeton combinatum or Potamogeton bamboo leaf, etc.; the water depth of the deep ditch is greater than 2.5m, and most of the submerged plants in general landscape water bodies cannot grow normally under this water depth condition, forming a natural interval and forming a "skylight" area on the water surface to meet the underwater photosynthesis lighting requirements, promote the exchange of matter and energy between the lower water body and the atmosphere, and at the same time meet the management and maintenance of ship traffic needs.
[0027] Preferably, the water depth of the first planting belt 1 is 0.5-0.8m. The suitable growth depth of Vallisneria, Duckweed, Hydrilla verticillata and Giant Algae in general water bodies is below 1m. The water depth of the first-level shallows of 0.5-0.8m provides suitable water depth conditions for such submerged plants suitable for shallow water growth, avoiding competition for ecological niches by other submerged plants, and providing a suitable habitat for benthic animals growing in shallow water; the water depth of the second planting belt 2 is 1.2-1.5m. Under this water depth condition, the pioneer species Myriophyllum, some submerged plants of the Potamogetonaceae family, and the invasive species Water shield grass can all reproduce and expand rapidly.
[0028] Preferably, the slope of the first slope 12 or the second slope 22 is generally controlled at 1:2 to 1:3 according to soil geological conditions. The first slope 12 or the second slope 22 belongs to the water depth gradient zone, where the ecological niches of various submerged plants overlap, and fierce interspecies competition and edge effects make the community structure in this area complex and diverse. The underwater submerged plant planting terrain of the present invention greatly increases the area of the water depth gradient zone without reducing the water body storage capacity, thereby increasing the diversity and stability of the water body ecosystem. During the submerged plant configuration process, the first slope 12 or the second slope 22 may not plant submerged plants, providing space for the natural spread and growth of submerged plants, thereby promoting the rapid succession of secondary communities in water body ecological restoration.
[0029] The underwater terrain structure for water body ecological restoration provided by the present invention can have a variety of plane combination layout forms, while not reducing the water body storage capacity, that is, two or more ecological restoration units are set. The following provides two preferred embodiments, the first preferred embodiment: Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the first planting belt 1, the second planting belt 2 and the deep trench 3 are all in the shape of long strips and are arranged alternately at intervals; the second preferred embodiment: the first planting belt 1 is circular, the second planting belt 2 and the deep trench 3 are both annular, the first planting belt 1 is located within the annular circle of the second planting belt 2, and the second planting belt 2 is located within the annular circle of the deep trench 3.
[0030] The underwater terrain structure for water body ecological restoration provided by the present invention utilizes the niche theory and the habitat requirements of submerged plants for water depth conditions, shapes the underwater terrain according to the water depth gradient, and avoids the large-scale expansion and spread of pioneer species or a small number of highly competitive plants caused by habitat homogenization, so as to achieve the co-growth of multiple submerged plants in the same water area and enrich the biodiversity of the water body; at the same time, by shaping deep trenches with deeper water depths that are not suitable for the growth of submerged plants, the submerged plant planting belts are separated, and the accumulation of large areas of plant residues in the decline period covering the water surface to inhibit underwater photosynthesis and fish respiration is avoided. While maintaining the biodiversity and healthy stability of the water ecosystem, the management and maintenance costs of submerged plants are reduced, and the structure has strong practicality and promotion value.
[0031] In summary, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings of the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
[0032] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed by the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. An underwater terrain structure for water body ecological restoration, characterized in that: The invention comprises at least one ecological restoration unit, each of which comprises a first planting belt (1) for planting shallow water submerged plant species (11), a second planting belt (2) for planting deep water submerged plant species (21), and a deep ditch (3); the water depth of the deep ditch (3) is not suitable for the growth of submerged plants; the water depth of the first planting belt (1) is less than the water depth of the second planting belt (2); the water depth of the second planting belt (2) is less than the water depth of the deep ditch (3); a first slope (12) is arranged between the first planting belt (1) and the second planting belt (2); a second slope (22) is arranged between the second planting belt (2) and the deep ditch (3); the first slope (12) or the second slope (22) belongs to a water depth gradient zone, where a plurality of submerged plant niches overlap; the slope of the first slope (12) or the second slope (22) is 1:2 to 1:
3.
2. The underwater terrain structure for water body ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water depth of the first planting belt (1) is 0.5-0.8 m, the water depth of the second planting belt (2) is 1.2-1.5 m, and the water depth of the deep ditch (3) is greater than 2.5 m.
3. The underwater terrain structure for water body ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized by: The shallow water submerged plant species (11) include Vallisneria, Hydrilla verticillata or Macrocystis; the deep water submerged plant species (21) include Myriophyllum, Potamogeton combinatum or Potamogeton bamboo leaf.
4. The underwater terrain structure for water body ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized by: The first planting belt (1) is circular, the second planting belt (2) and the deep trench (3) are both annular, the first planting belt (1) is located within the annular ring of the second planting belt (2), and the second planting belt (2) is located within the annular ring of the deep trench (3).
5. The underwater terrain structure for water body ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized by: The first planting belt (1), the second planting belt (2) and the deep groove (3) are all in the shape of long strips and are arranged alternately at intervals.