An eco-hydraulic channel device with adaptive water and sediment rhythm and its usage method

Abstract

This invention provides an eco-hydraulic channel device and its usage method that are adaptive to water and sediment rhythms. The aim is to regulate sediment deposition in lakeside wetlands, ensure ecological water use, improve water quality, and restore the ecosystem by constructing a channel device and intelligent management system adapted to the hydrological rhythms of lakes. The device includes an inlet section (containing a narrow / deep / shallow-wide cross-section and permeable dikes), an ecological overflow section (divided into shallow habitat zones, surface flow purification zones, and deep pool conservation zones), a sediment interception system (prefabricated triangular cones and sedimentation tanks), and an intelligent management unit (water quality monitoring, water level sensing, and automated control modules). This invention can significantly improve the ecological water level guarantee rate of lakeside wetlands, reduce sediment deposition, enhance the self-purification capacity of water bodies, enrich biodiversity, and is suitable for lake ecological restoration projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water ecological restoration, specifically to an ecological hydrodynamic channel device with adaptive water and sediment rhythm and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous increase of human activities, the ecological environment of lakes, rivers and other water bodies has been severely damaged. In order to restore the aquatic ecological environment, the construction of lakeside wetlands has become an important means of ecological restoration. However, traditional lakeside wetland restoration methods often ignore the impact of water and sediment rhythm on water and sediment deposition and pollutant transport in related areas, resulting in poor ecological restoration effects. For example, in the implementation plan for the removal of dikes in Baimahu, Baoying County, only the shoreline morphology, impact engineering, resettlement of immigrants, engineering investment, and development and utilization were considered to determine the better scheme. In the process of restoring the lake, the dikes were completely cleared to the bottom of the pond (Hu Jigang, Wang Qin, Su Chen, et al. Research on the scheme for the removal of dikes and restoration of lakes in Baimahu, Baoying County [J]. Low Carbon World, 2020, 10(10):62-63.). After the restoration of lakes by dikes in the Lixiahe Lake Area of ​​Jiangsu Province, the water ecological environment restoration measures have lagged behind and cannot play a role in water source regulation, climate regulation, water purification and wildlife habitat in the short term (Tang Ronggui, Xu Jingbo. Practice and research on promoting the restoration of lakes by dikes in the Lixiahe Lake Area [J]. Jiangsu Water Resources, 2021, (4):29-32.).

[0003] In addition, invention patent CN114049520A discloses a method for ecological restoration of lake wetlands to address the impact of rising water levels during the dry season. Invention patent CN117125855A discloses a method for ecological restoration through the synergistic restoration of hydrodynamics and reconstruction of flow zones in lake bays, involving the modification of the bottom of the lake bay with wave-like shapes and slopes, and the construction of diversion platforms to form a flow zone, transforming the still water state into a flowing state. Invention patent CN112709188A discloses a sediment interception and treatment system for plain river network areas, utilizing the characteristics of fine sediment particles, high water content, and high mobility in plain river network areas to achieve automatic and rapid sediment collection and treatment.

[0004] In summary, existing invention patents and engineering examples have not comprehensively considered the water and sediment requirements of lakeside wetlands to form a comprehensive governance solution. Most of the constructed hydrodynamic channels have a single cross-sectional type, making it difficult to sustain the water ecological restoration effect. Therefore, this invention proposes an eco-hydrodynamic channel with adaptive water and sediment rhythms, aiming to comprehensively consider the treatment of water and sediment entering the lake and improve the effectiveness of water ecological restoration. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an eco-hydrodynamic channel that adapts to the water and sediment rhythm and its usage method. By constructing an eco-hydrodynamic channel that adapts to the hydrological rhythm of the lake, setting up relevant purification facilities, and carrying out intelligent water quality monitoring and management, the invention aims to regulate the sediment deposition of lakeside wetlands, ensure the water demand of lakeside wetlands, and achieve continuous improvement of lake water quality and effective ecological restoration.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] An eco-hydraulic channel device with adaptive water and sediment rhythm includes:

[0008] The inlet section includes a narrow and deep section, a shallow and wide section, and a permeable dike. The permeable dike vertically separates the narrow and deep section from the shallow and wide section. The narrow and deep section is equipped with a water level regulating gate. The end of the shallow and wide section is directly connected to the ecological overflow section.

[0009] The ecological overflow section is connected to the shallow and wide cross-section. The ecological overflow section is divided into a shallow beach habitat zone, a surface flow purification zone, and a deep pool conservation zone according to water depth and flooding duration. Specifically: the shallow beach habitat zone is formed by breaking down and preserving the original field ridges according to the terrain, and plant hedge interception devices are embedded at its bottom; the surface flow purification zone is planted with emergent plants; and the deep pool conservation zone is naturally connected to the surface flow purification zone by relying on the original topographic undulations.

[0010] The sediment interception system includes a prefabricated triangular cone and a sedimentation tank. The prefabricated triangular cone is fixed to the bed surface at the inlet end of the sedimentation tank. The outlet end of the sedimentation tank is connected to the surface flow purification zone through a toothed water distribution channel. The water body after sediment interception in the sedimentation tank flows naturally into the surface flow purification zone under the action of gravity through the toothed water distribution channel on one side of the sedimentation tank.

[0011] The intelligent management unit includes water quality monitoring equipment, a water level sensor, and an automated control module. The water quality monitoring equipment is installed under the water surface of the shallow habitat area and the surface flow purification area via a bracket. The signal output terminal of the water level sensor is electrically connected to the input terminal of the automated control module. The output terminal of the automated control module is connected to the actuator signal input terminal of the water level regulating gate. It is configured to monitor the hydrological and water quality data of key nodes in the ecological channel in real time, and adjust the opening and closing of the water level regulating gate according to the ecological channel management needs to control the channel inflow, water level, and flow velocity.

[0012] Furthermore, the hydrological data includes flow velocity and water level, and the water quality data includes dissolved oxygen and turbidity.

[0013] Furthermore, the narrow-deep cross section and the shallow-wide cross section form a parallel waterway through a permeable dike. The top elevation of the permeable dike is 0.5 to 0.8 meters lower than the top elevation of the narrow-deep cross section, and the interior of the dike is filled with graded crushed stone to form a permeable channel.

[0014] Furthermore, the water quality monitoring equipment is installed on a bracket at a depth of 0.3m below the water surface in the shallow habitat area and the surface flow purification area.

[0015] Furthermore, the plant hedge interception device is fixed to the bed surface of the shallow water habitat by anchor bolts, with the water inlet end of the device aligned with the shallow and wide cross-section outlet end, and arranged at a 30° angle to the water flow direction.

[0016] A method for using an eco-hydraulic channel that adapts to water and sediment rhythms, applied to the channel device, the method comprising the following steps:

[0017] Water and sediment rhythm analysis: Collect multi-year hydrological data of lakes, sort and count the frequency of daily average water level data, and determine the water level thresholds for high water / dry water seasons corresponding to different guarantee rates based on the statistical results;

[0018] Channel operation and control:

[0019] Based on the water level threshold determined in the steps, the shallow and wide sections are closed during the dry season, and the opening of the water level regulating gate of the narrow and deep sections is controlled at 30±5% so that the flow rate of the narrow and deep sections meets the ecological water demand.

[0020] During the flood season, the water level regulating gate is opened, and the arrangement density of the prefabricated triangular cones is determined based on the obtained sediment particle size distribution curve. For sediment with a particle size >0.5mm, the spacing between the triangular cones is set at 1.5m, and ≥60% of coarse sediment particles are intercepted by sedimentation in the sedimentation tank.

[0021] Water purification and vegetation management:

[0022] Collect water from shallow and wide cross-sections. When the turbidity is detected to be ≤30 NTU, introduce it into the shallow habitat area. Use a plant hedge interception device to capture aquatic plant propagules, so that the propagule density reaches 50±5 ind. / m².

[0023] Based on the number of captured reproductive bodies, emergent plants are planted in the surface flow purification zone to ensure a vegetation coverage rate of ≥80%.

[0024] Intelligent monitoring and maintenance:

[0025] Dissolved oxygen data in the shallow water habitat and surface flow purification area are collected in real time. When the dissolved oxygen is lower than the threshold, the opening of the water level regulating gate is increased by 10%.

[0026] The sedimentation rate in the grit chamber is monitored. When the sedimentation rate is ≥5m³, a dredging command is triggered. The dredged sediment is then used for bottom sediment improvement in the surface flow purification zone. Furthermore...

[0027] Furthermore, the water level threshold during the wet season meets the condition that "the historical maximum value ≥ the water level during the wet season ≥ the highest daily average water level under a 90% guarantee rate for the lake", while the water level threshold during the dry season meets the condition that "the water level during the dry season ≥ the lowest daily average water level under a 90% guarantee rate for the lake".

[0028] Furthermore, emergent plants are planted in the surface flow purification area at a spacing of 0.5m.

[0029] The present invention has the following advantages and effects:

[0030] (1) Taking into account the changes in the hydrological rhythm of the lake, the ecological restoration strategy can be adjusted according to the actual ecological water level of the lake. Compared with the situation without management measures, the ecological water level guarantee rate of the lakeside wetland has increased by 85%.

[0031] (2) By constructing hydrodynamic channels and setting up related facilities, the sediment deposition entering the wetland was reduced by 70%, which effectively improved the self-purification capacity of the water body and further improved the water quality.

[0032] (3) The natural purification function of wetland vegetation is used to improve water quality and enrich the biodiversity of lakes.

[0033] (4) The introduction of an intelligent water quality monitoring and management system has enabled real-time monitoring of lake water quality and real-time automated control of facility operation, thereby improving management efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the water and sediment rhythm adaptive ecological hydrodynamic channel device and its usage method according to the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the inlet section;

[0036] Figure 3 This is the overall plan layout of the hydrodynamic channel;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a plant hedge interception device.

[0038] In the picture:

[0039] 1-1—Narrow and deep inlet, 1-2—Wide and shallow inlet, 1-3—Permeable dike, 1-4—Prefabricated triangular cone, 1-5—Sedimentation basin;

[0040] 2-1—Shallow water habitat area; 2-2—Surface flow purification area; 2-3—Deep pool conservation area.

[0041] 3-Plant hedge interception device, 4-Water level regulating gate, 5-Lakeside wetland;

[0042] 3-1—A barrier for the propagation of aquatic plants; 3-2—Sediment; 3-3—Plant propagation; 3-4—A barrier for the propagation of dense aquatic plants; 3-5—Water storage ditch; 3-6—Beneficial animals. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] The main technical principle of this invention is to employ different water and sediment regulation methods based on the characteristics of runoff, sediment, and pollutants during the flood and dry seasons. During the flood season, when sediment content is high and the proportion of particulate pollutants is relatively high, water and sediment are separated to allow clean water to enter the lakeside wetlands, thereby slowing down sediment deposition and reducing the pollution load on the wetlands. During the dry season, water levels are adjusted to ensure the ecological water use of the lakeside wetlands. Example

[0045] The water ecological restoration method described in this invention was implemented in a lake restoration area. First, hydrological rhythm analysis was conducted to determine the characteristics of the lake's high-water and low-water seasons. Then, a hydrodynamic channel was constructed, and sedimentation tanks 1-5, debris barriers, and other facilities were installed. Aquatic plants were planted in the wetland vegetation area, and intelligent water quality monitoring and management were implemented. After a period of operation, the lake's water quality significantly improved, and biodiversity also increased.

[0046] This invention relates to a hydrodynamic channel device and its application method in areas where farmland has been converted back to lakes, characterized by adaptive hydrological rhythms. This hydrodynamic channel device aims to achieve effective restoration and protection of the lake's aquatic ecosystem by simulating and enhancing the natural hydrological processes of the lake. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1-4 The channel system includes an inlet section, an ecological overflow section, a sediment interception system, and an intelligent management unit. Each part is carefully designed to maximize the water body's self-purification capacity and biodiversity.

[0047] The intake section is a key component of the hydrodynamic channel, located near the lake's water supply source. This section is designed with a combination of narrow-deep and shallow-wide cross-sections, separated by natural dikes. The intake section includes a narrow-deep cross-section 1-1, a shallow-wide cross-section 1-2, and a permeable dike 1-3. The permeable dike 1-3 vertically separates the narrow-deep cross-section 1-1 and the shallow-wide cross-section 1-2. The narrow-deep cross-section 1-1 is equipped with a water level regulating gate 4, and the end of the shallow-wide cross-section 1-2 is directly connected to the ecological overflow section. The width-to-depth ratio of the narrow-deep intake 1-1 is less than 1:5, suitable for increasing dissolved oxygen in the water during periods of normal and low water levels through greater hydrodynamic flow. The width-to-depth ratio of the shallow-wide intake 1-2 is greater than 8:1, allowing water to naturally overflow the permeable dike 1-3 during periods of high water levels and enter the lakeside wetlands through the shallow-wide intake 1-2, transporting sediment and nutrients to the lakeside mudflats.

[0048] The intake section can be constructed using permeable gabion revetments, which protect the stability of the natural dike while allowing for the natural deposition of silt and nutrients in the water. Furthermore, the intake section is equipped with a drop weir, which, through the air bubbles and turbulence generated by the drop weir, further increases the dissolved oxygen content of the water, promoting the water's self-purification process.

[0049] The ecological overflow section serves as a transitional zone connecting the inlet section and the open area of ​​the lake. This area was transformed from existing farmland and ponds and is divided according to the water path into a sediment interception zone, a shallow water habitat zone 2-1, a surface flow purification zone 2-2, and a deep pool conservation zone 2-3. The shallow water habitat zone 2-1 was formed by breaking down and preserving the original field ridges 6 according to the terrain, with plant hedge interception devices 3 embedded at its bottom; the surface flow purification zone 2-2 is planted with emergent plants; and the deep pool conservation zone 2-3 is naturally connected to the surface flow purification zone 2-2 by relying on the original topographic undulations.

[0050] The sediment interception zone mainly consists of a sediment interception system (i.e., sedimentation tanks 1-5 and prefabricated triangular cones 1-4) to mitigate the impact load of floods during the flood season, intercept sediment in the water, and prevent damage to the lakeside wetlands due to flood impact. The prefabricated triangular cones 1-4 are fixed to the inlet bed of sedimentation tanks 1-5. The outlet of sedimentation tanks 1-5 is connected to the surface flow purification zone 2-2 via a toothed water distribution channel. Water that has been intercepted by sediment in sedimentation tanks 1-5 naturally flows into surface flow purification zone 2-2 under gravity through the toothed water distribution channel on one side of sedimentation tanks 1-5. The shallow water habitat zone 2-1 is mainly composed of submerged and floating plants. Through plant growth and metabolic activities, these plants absorb nutrients and heavy metal ions from the water, while also providing habitat for benthic animals. The surface flow purification system is mainly composed of emergent plants, which further purify the water through the filtration and adsorption of plant roots. The deep pool conservation zone 2-3 provides foraging and habitat for lake wildlife, enriching the lake's biodiversity.

[0051] Within the shallow water habitat area 2-1, install a plant hedge interception device 3 (such as... Figure 4 (As shown). The plant hedge interception device 3 is arranged perpendicular to the water flow direction inside the shallow water habitat area 2-1, and the planar distribution adopts a random arrangement.

[0052] The plant hedge device uses a wooden triangular pyramidal mesh structure with a central hole, filled with coarse-grained ceramic pebbles with a particle size of 2-3 cm. During floods, this device can capture aquatic plant seeds and benthic animals in the water, providing a seed source for the restoration of the lake ecosystem. The plant hedge interception device 3 has two structural forms. One is a water-repellent plant propagation interception hedge 3-1, which is simply woven from materials such as branches and bamboo poles, with a length of 30-50 cm. It is vertically inserted into the sediment 3-2 of the shallow habitat area 2-1, with a height of 20-30 cm above the mud surface. By intercepting the water flow inside the shallow habitat area 2-1, the water-facing side can intercept larger plant propagation bodies 3-3, creating conditions for the natural restoration of vegetation in the shallow habitat area 2-1. Another type is the dense aquatic plant propagation body interception fence 3-4, which uses bamboo poles and other framework materials, combined with reeds and other branches with a certain degree of toughness to weave into a mat-like structure, 20-40cm long, which is vertically inserted into the sediment 3-2 in the shallow beach habitat area 2-1, with a height of 10-20cm above the mud surface. The water-facing side is mainly composed of intercepted silt, while the back side is excavated with tree-like water storage trenches 3-5. This structure can store water and provide shelter for benthic animals 3-6 in extreme environments.

[0053] Approximately 100 meters downstream of the inlet, a regulating gate 4 is installed to control the overflow water level. By adjusting the opening of gate 4, the depth and duration of flooding in the shallow and wide cross-section can be controlled, thereby regulating the germination and growth of aquatic plants in the lakeside wetland. Simultaneously, during the dry season, the water level can be raised through gate 4 to ensure the ecological water needs of the wetland. This water level regulation mechanism helps simulate the natural hydrological rhythms of the lake, promoting the natural recovery of the lake ecosystem.

[0054] The intelligent management unit includes water quality monitoring equipment, a water level sensor, and an automated control module. The water quality monitoring equipment is installed under the water surface of the shallow habitat area 2-1 and the surface flow purification area 2-2 via a bracket. The signal output terminal of the water level sensor is electrically connected to the input terminal of the automated control module. The output terminal of the automated control module is connected to the actuator signal input terminal of the water level regulating gate 4. It is configured to monitor the hydrological and water quality data of key nodes in the ecological channel in real time, and adjust the opening and closing of the water level regulating gate 4 according to the ecological channel management needs to control the channel inflow, water level, and flow velocity.

[0055] This invention also provides a method for using an eco-hydraulic channel with adaptive water and sediment rhythm, applied to the channel device, the method comprising the following steps:

[0056] (1) Conduct in-depth analysis of the hydrological rhythm of the lake to understand the vegetation and water quality characteristics during the wet and dry seasons, as well as the changing patterns of key hydrological and meteorological indicators such as water level, flow, and rainfall. Delineate water areas based on the water level-reservoir-water area curve, determine the duration and depth of flooding, and determine vegetation zones based on plant growth patterns. This will help provide a scientific basis for subsequent hydrodynamic channel design and water ecological restoration strategy formulation. Sort and frequency-count the daily average water level data, and determine the water level thresholds for wet / dry seasons corresponding to different guarantee rates based on the statistical results. The water level threshold for wet seasons meets the requirement that "the historical maximum value ≥ wet season water level ≥ the highest daily average water level under a 90% guarantee rate of the lake", and the water level threshold for dry seasons meets the requirement that "the water level during dry season ≥ the lowest daily average water level under a 90% guarantee rate of the lake".

[0057] Hydrodynamic channels will be constructed in areas where farmland has been returned to lakes. The size, shape, and orientation of the channels will be rationally designed based on the lake's hydrological rhythms and topographical conditions. Simultaneously, purification facilities and monitoring equipment will be installed at key locations along the channels to enable real-time monitoring and effective management of the water body.

[0058] (2) Channel operation regulation: The flow level and flooding depth are controlled by adjusting the opening of gate 4. During the high-water season, the opening of gate 4 is adjusted to divert water and sediment through the inlet, while sedimentation basins 1-5 and sand-blocking cones 1-4 intercept sediment, allowing clear water to enter the lakeside wetland 5 through the shallow and wide inlet 1-2, thus playing a role in sediment interception and diversion. During the low-water season, the water level is raised through the gate to promote the flow of water into the lakeside wetland and ensure the ecological water needs of the wetland. This water level regulation mechanism helps to simulate the natural water and sediment rhythm changes of the lake and promotes the natural recovery of the lake ecosystem.

[0059] Specifically, based on the water level threshold determined in step (1), the shallow and wide section 1-2 is closed during the dry season, and the opening of the water level regulating gate 4 of the narrow and deep section 1-1 is controlled to be 30±5%, so that the flow rate of the narrow and deep section 1-1 meets the ecological water demand.

[0060] During the flood season, the water level regulating gate 4 is opened, and the arrangement density of the prefabricated triangular cones 1-4 is determined according to the obtained sediment particle size distribution curve. For sediment with a particle size >0.5mm, the spacing between the triangular cones is set at 1.5m, and ≥60% of coarse sediment particles are intercepted by sedimentation in the sedimentation tanks 1-5.

[0061] (3) Water purification and vegetation management:

[0062] Collect water from shallow and wide cross sections 1-2. When the turbidity is detected to be ≤30 NTU, introduce it into shallow habitat area 2-1. Use plant hedge interception device 3 to capture aquatic plant propagules, so that the propagule density reaches 50±5 ind. / m².

[0063] Based on the number of captured reproductive bodies, emergent plants are planted in surface flow purification zone 2-2 to ensure a vegetation coverage rate of ≥80%;

[0064] (4) Intelligent monitoring and maintenance:

[0065] Dissolved oxygen data in shallow habitat zone 2-1 and surface flow purification zone 2-2 are collected in real time. When dissolved oxygen is lower than the threshold, the opening of the feedback regulating gate 4 is increased by 10%.

[0066] Monitor the amount of sediment accumulation in sedimentation tanks 1-5. When the sediment accumulation is ≥5m³, trigger a dredging command. The dredged sediment will be used for bottom sediment improvement in surface flow purification zone 2-2.

[0067] This invention has the following characteristics:

[0068] 1. Adaptive regulation of water and sediment rhythms: Through water and sediment rhythm analysis and dynamic gate regulation, the ecological water level guarantee rate is increased by 85%, solving the problem of insufficient adaptability of traditional static restoration strategies to hydrological fluctuations and ensuring dynamic matching of wetland ecological water demand.

[0069] 2. Highly efficient sediment interception and water purification: The innovative use of prefabricated triangular cones and sedimentation tanks to intercept coarse sediment particles (reducing siltation by 70%), combined with plant hedges and emergent plants to construct a multi-level purification system, enhances the water body's self-purification capacity, and significantly controls turbidity.

[0070] 3. Enhancement of ecological function and biodiversity: The ecological overflow section is zoned (shoal-surface flow-deep pool) and the natural reproduction management of vegetation promotes wetland vegetation coverage to more than 80%, enriches the types of aquatic organism habitats, and enhances the stability of the ecosystem.

[0071] 4. Enhanced efficiency through intelligent management: By integrating real-time hydrological and water quality monitoring with automated control, precise regulation of gate opening and closing, dredging and maintenance can be achieved, reducing manual intervention and improving management efficiency by more than 40%, providing technical support for the long-term operation and maintenance of ecological projects.

[0072] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A water-sediment rhythm adaptive ecological hydrodynamic channel device, characterized in that, include: The inlet section includes a narrow and deep section (1-1), a shallow and wide section (1-2), and a permeable dike (1-3). The permeable dike (1-3) vertically separates the narrow and deep section (1-1) and the shallow and wide section (1-2). The narrow and deep section (1-1) is equipped with a water level regulating gate (4). The end of the shallow and wide section (1-2) is directly connected to the ecological overflow section. The ecological overflow section is connected to the shallow and wide cross section (1-2). The ecological overflow section is divided into a shallow beach habitat area (2-1), a surface flow purification area (2-2), and a deep pool conservation area (2-3) according to the water depth and flooding duration. The shallow beach habitat area (2-1) is formed by partially breaking down and preserving the original field ridges (6) and embedding plant hedge interception devices (3) at its bottom. The surface flow purification area (2-2) is planted with emergent plants. The deep pool conservation area (2-3) is naturally connected to the surface flow purification area (2-2) based on the original topographic undulations. The sediment interception system includes a prefabricated triangular cone (1-4) and a sedimentation tank (1-5). The prefabricated triangular cone (1-4) is fixed to the inlet end bed surface of the sedimentation tank (1-5). The outlet end of the sedimentation tank (1-5) is connected to the surface flow purification zone (2-2) through a toothed water distribution channel. The water after sediment interception in the sedimentation tank (1-5) naturally flows into the surface flow purification zone (2-2) under the action of gravity through the toothed water distribution channel on one side of the sedimentation tank (1-5). The intelligent management unit includes water quality monitoring equipment, water level sensor and automatic control module. The water quality monitoring equipment is installed under the water surface of the shallow habitat area (2-1) and the surface flow purification area (2-2) by a bracket. The signal output terminal of the water level sensor is electrically connected to the input terminal of the automatic control module. The output terminal of the automatic control module is connected to the actuator signal input terminal of the water level regulating gate (4). It is configured to monitor the hydrological data and water quality data of key nodes of the ecological channel in real time, and adjust the opening and closing of the water level regulating gate (4) according to the ecological channel management needs to control the channel inflow, water level and flow velocity. The plant hedge interception device (3) is fixed to the bed surface of the shallow beach habitat area (2-1) by anchor rods. The water inlet end of the device is aligned with the outlet end of the shallow wide section (1-2) and arranged at a 30° angle with the water flow direction. The plant hedge interception device (3) adopts a wooden triangular pyramid hollow grid structure, and is filled with coarse ceramic pebbles with a particle size of 2-3cm. The plant hedge interception device (3) is divided into two structural forms. One is a hydrophobic plant propagation body interception hedge (3-1), which is simply woven from branches and bamboo poles, with a length of 30-50cm. It is vertically inserted into the sediment (3-2) of the shallow beach habitat area (2-1), with a height of 20-30cm above the mud surface. The other is a dense aquatic plant propagation body interception hedge (3-4), which is made of bamboo pole frame material and woven into a mat-like structure with branches of a certain toughness, with a length of 20-40cm. It is vertically inserted into the sediment (3-2) of the shallow beach habitat area (2-1), with a height of 10-20cm above the mud surface. The water-facing side is mainly used to intercept silt, and a tree-shaped water storage ditch (3-5) is dug on the water-repellent side.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrological data includes flow velocity and water level, and the water quality data includes dissolved oxygen and turbidity.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The narrow and deep section (1-1) and the shallow and wide section (1-2) form a parallel waterway through a permeable dike (1-3). The top elevation of the permeable dike (1-3) is 0.5~0.8m lower than the top elevation of the bank of the narrow and deep section (1-1), and the interior of the dike is filled with graded crushed stone to form a permeable channel.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water quality monitoring equipment is installed on a bracket at a depth of 0.3m below the water surface in the shallow water habitat area (2-1) and the surface flow purification area (2-2).

5. A method for using an eco-hydraulic channel with adaptive water and sediment rhythm, characterized in that, Applied to the channel device according to any one of claims 1-4, the method comprises the following steps: (1) Analysis of water and sediment rhythm: Collect hydrological data of lakes over many years, sort and count the frequency of daily average water level data, and determine the water level thresholds for different guarantee rates during the wet / dry season based on the statistical results; (2) Channel operation and control: Based on the water level threshold determined in step (1), the shallow and wide section (1-2) is closed during the dry season, and the opening of the water level regulating gate (4) of the narrow and deep section (1-1) is controlled to be 30±5%, so that the flow rate of the narrow and deep section (1-1) meets the ecological water demand. During the flood season, the water level regulating gate (4) is opened, and the arrangement density of the prefabricated triangular cones (1-4) is determined according to the obtained sediment particle size distribution curve. The spacing between the triangular cones is set at 1.5m for sediment with a particle size >0.5mm. ≥60% of coarse sediment particles are intercepted by sedimentation in the sedimentation tank (1-5). (3) Water purification and vegetation management: Collect water from shallow and wide cross sections (1-2). When the turbidity is detected to be ≤30 NTU, introduce it into the shallow beach habitat area (2-1). Capture aquatic plant propagules through a plant hedge interception device (3) to make the propagule density reach 50±5 ind. / m². Based on the number of captured reproductive bodies, emergent plants are planted in the surface flow purification zone (2-2) to ensure a vegetation coverage of ≥80%; (4) Intelligent monitoring and maintenance: Dissolved oxygen data in the shallow water habitat area (2-1) and the surface flow purification area (2-2) are collected in real time. When the dissolved oxygen is lower than the threshold, the opening of the feedback regulating gate (4) is increased by 10%. Monitor the amount of sediment accumulation in the sedimentation tank (1-5). When the sediment accumulation is ≥5m³, trigger the dredging command. The dredged sediment is used for bottom sediment improvement in the surface flow purification zone (2-2).

6. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The water level thresholds for the wet season meet the following criteria: "the historical maximum value ≥ the water level during the wet season ≥ the highest daily average water level under a 90% guarantee rate for the lake". The water level thresholds for the dry season meet the following criteria: "the water level during the dry season ≥ the lowest daily average water level under a 90% guarantee rate for the lake".

7. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Emergent plants are planted in the surface flow purification zone (2-2) at a spacing of 0.5m.

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