A precise detection method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of mechanical manufacturing, and particularly relates to a precision detection method, which comprises a detection tool having a guiding reference, a driving device, a detecting device, an optical device, a reading device and the like. The steps of the detection method are as follows: first, installing the detection tool and the measured object, the detecting device can rotate around the fulcrum at one end, and the other end is in contact with the measured part; the optical device has a light emitter, light rays and a light receiver; second, moving the measured object or the detecting device relative to the guiding reference; the light rays and the light spot of the optical device change with the rotation of the detecting device; the reading device displays the position of the light spot or the data after transformation; third, fitting the measured elements if necessary. The present application can detect the size of products, various shape position errors, changes and roughness by means of optical principles, and can monitor the deformation, wear and the like of objects in the production process and scientific research. The light spot is stable in the measurement; when the parameters are appropriate, the small changes can be displayed, and the detection results with high precision can be obtained.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of machining hole processing and detection, and particularly relates to a precision detection method. BACKGROUND

[0002] According to whether the measured surface contacts the measuring head of the measuring tool, the measurement is divided into contact measurement and non-contact measurement. In the contact measurement, the measuring head contacts the measured surface and there is a mechanical measuring force, such as the measurement of a part by using a micrometer. In the non-contact measurement, the measuring head does not contact the surface of the measured part.

[0003] According to the number of parameters measured at one time, the measurement is divided into single measurement and comprehensive measurement. In the single measurement, each parameter of the measured part is measured separately. In the comprehensive measurement, a comprehensive index reflecting the parameters of the measured part is measured.

[0004] According to the role of the measurement in the machining process, the measurement is divided into active measurement and passive measurement. According to the state of the measured part in the measurement process, the measurement is divided into static measurement and dynamic measurement. According to whether the measured parameter is directly measured, the measurement is divided into direct measurement and indirect measurement. According to whether the reading value of the measuring tool directly represents the value of the measured size, the measurement is divided into absolute measurement and relative measurement.

[0005] In the prior art, one detection instrument is difficult to measure the size, roughness, and various shape and position errors. Even if such an instrument exists, the detection precision is often not high. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to detect the size, roughness, and various shape and position errors of a product by means of optical principles, monitor the deformation and wear of the product in the production process and scientific research, and obtain a detection result with high precision.

[0007] The present application adopts the following innovative technical solutions.

[0008] 1. A precision detection method comprises a detection tool, the detection tool having a guide reference, a driving device, a detection device, an optical device, a supporting device, and a reading device, and the steps of the detection method are as follows: first, the detection tool is installed with a measured object, the detection device is rotatable about a supporting point at one end thereof, the other end of the detection device has a detection head, the detection head contacts a measured part of the measured object, the optical device has a light emitter, light rays, and a light receiver, the length of the light rays is greater than, less than, or equal to the length of the measured object; second, the driving device or a hand moves the measured object or the detection device relative to the guide reference, the light rays and light spots of the optical device change with the rotation of the detection device, and the reading device displays the position of the light spots or the information after the change thereof; and third, when required by the detection task, a shape of a measured element and a topography of the measured object are fitted by an operation device, and the fitted shape and topography are displayed by a display device.

[0009] 2. The precision detection method according to the first innovation point, characterized in that the guiding reference has a guiding body, the driving device has a driving member, the detection device has a detection rod and a detection head, and the reading device has a display; the detection rod can rotate in space around a fulcrum, and the detection head is located on the detection rod and contacts the measured part of the measured object at its end; the detection device or the measured object is driven by the driving member to translate along the guiding body; when the distance between the end of the detection head and the guiding body changes, the detection rod rotates accordingly; the light emitter is connected to the detection rod, and the emitted light is directed to the light receiver; the change in the position of the detection rod causes the light spot position on the light emitter, the light, and the light receiver to change.

[0010] 3. The precision detection method according to the first innovation point, characterized in that the guiding reference has a guiding body, the driving device has a driving member, the detection device has a detection rod and a detection head, and the reading device has a display; the detection rod can rotate in space around a fulcrum, and the detection head is located on the detection rod and contacts the measured part of the measured object at its end; the detection device or the measured object is driven by the driving member to rotate along the guiding body; the detection rod rotates with the detection head; the light emitter is connected to the detection rod, and the emitted light is directed to the light receiver; the change in the position of the detection rod causes the light spot position on the light emitter, the light, and the light receiver to change.

[0011] 4. The precision detection method according to the first innovation point, characterized in that the fulcrum of the detection device rotation is located at any end of the measured workpiece, and the positions of other parts change with the fulcrum position; the guiding reference is a machine tool guide rail or other guiding object, and the driving device is a machine tool slide or other rotating object.

[0012] 5. The precision detection method according to the first innovation point, characterized in that the detection device has a cylindrical pair or a spherical pair or a spherical bearing or other connecting structure at the rotation fulcrum position, and the other connecting structure enables the detection rod to rotate.

[0013] 6. The precision detection method according to the first innovation point, characterized in that the detection device has a gap adjustment mechanism at the rotation fulcrum position.

[0014] 7. The precision detection method according to the first innovation point, characterized in that when detecting the inner surface, if there is a through hole, the light can pass through the inside of the hole or the outside of the hole.

[0015] 8. The precision detection method according to the second or third innovation point, characterized in that the detection rod is integral or split, and the split detection rod can be disassembled and assembled into an integral whole after disassembly.

[0016] The above-mentioned innovative scheme is further described below.

[0017] The detection device comprises a support 4, a rotating pair 5, a bracket 6, a light emitter 7, a light ray 8, a detection rod 9, a detection head 10, and a light receiver 11. The light receiver is provided with a photosensitive sensor such as a PSD, and high detection accuracy can be achieved. The following is discussed in four cases.

[0018] 1) During measurement, the guide body is stationary, and the workpiece to be measured is translated along the guide body, while the detection device is not translated along the guide body. Here, the description is combined with the accompanying drawings Figure 1 for illustration. In Figure 1 , the workpiece to be measured is stably placed by using the prior art; and the workpiece to be measured is translated left and right. If the thickness of the workpiece to be measured is not uniform, the thickness of the workpiece to be measured and the change in the thickness can be obtained by using the present application and corresponding mathematical calculation. The above is not difficult to understand. It is particularly necessary to point out that, when the length of the light ray is greater than the length of the workpiece to be measured, the change in the light spot is greater than the change in the thickness of the workpiece to be measured. Therefore, even if the change in the thickness of the workpiece to be measured is very small, the very small change can also be detected. Therefore, the present application has very high resolution, and high-precision detection can be achieved. In one detection, the length of the light ray is constant, and the shape of the light spot is relatively stable, which is also conducive to improving the detection accuracy. It is not difficult to understand that the present application can be used to measure the slope of the surface of the workpiece. Similarly, by using the above-mentioned method, the perpendicularity, parallelism, inclination, straightness, and the like of various workpieces can be measured. When the detection head is located in a hole or on an outer circle, the straightness of the hole or the axis generatrix, and even the axis, can be measured. The detection head can be replaced by a roughness probe, and the roughness can be measured.

[0019] 2) During measurement, the guide body is stationary, and the workpiece to be measured is stationary; and the detection device is translated left and right along the guide body. Similarly, the size of the workpiece to be measured, and the perpendicularity, parallelism, inclination, straightness, and the like of various workpieces, the straightness of the hole or the axis generatrix, and even the axis, can be measured. The roughness can also be measured.

[0020] 3) During measurement, the workpiece to be measured 3 (a part with a hole) is rotated around its axis, and the detection device is not translated along the hole axis, and the support 4 of the detection device is fixed. Referring to the accompanying drawings Figure 2 of the description, the roundness and roughness of the hole or the outer circle can be measured by combining the prior art. If the workpiece to be measured 3 (a part with a hole) is axially moved while being rotated around its axis, the cylindricity of the hole or the outer circle can also be measured. By combining the prior art, the size of the hole or the outer circle, the runout, coaxiality, position, and other form and position errors of the hole or the outer circle relative to other surfaces can also be measured.

[0021] 4) During measurement, the workpiece to be measured 3 (a part with a hole) is stationary, and the detection device is rotated around the axis. Similarly, the roundness, roughness, cylindricity, size, runout, coaxiality, position, and other form and position errors of the hole or the outer circle can be measured.

[0022] The present application can be used for measuring the quality indexes of product finished products, semi-finished products and blanks, and the contents of the measurement include size, various shape and position errors. The present application can also be used for measuring the deformation of parts and components in the production process, such as, Figure 1 The scheme in the above can be extended to monitor the deformation of parts and components due to thermal expansion in the production process, and to monitor or check the deformation of parts and components under stress in scientific experiments. The present application can also be used for checking the wear and tear of mechanical parts and components.

[0023] For the detection of the inner surface, if there is a through hole, the light can pass through the inside of the hole or the outside of the hole. For the two cases, the positions of other related parts are adjusted accordingly. This is not difficult to do.

[0024] When the probe rod is of a split structure, the probe rod can be disassembled, and the workpiece can be placed more easily. After the workpiece is placed, the probe rod is assembled as a whole for use. When the probe rod is a whole, it is easy to manufacture, but sometimes it is not very convenient to place the workpiece.

[0025] The present application has important academic value. With the size, shape and position data measured by the present application, the topography, shape, structural features and changes of the measured elements or equipment parts can be fitted.

[0026] The present application has the following beneficial effects: 1) When the length of the light is greater than the length of the workpiece, the detection result can be displayed more obviously, that is, the features of the measured part can be enlarged and displayed, and therefore, the small changes can be displayed. In one detection, the distance between the light emitter and the light receiver is unchanged, and the light spot is stable. The above aspects are beneficial to improve the detection accuracy. 2) Various size, shape and position errors and changes can be measured, including parallelism, perpendicularity, inclination, angle, roundness, cylindricity, roughness, position, profile and other parameters. 3) The present application can be used for product quality detection, and can also be used for monitoring deformation and wear in the production process and scientific experiments. 4) The shape and topography of the measured object can be fitted by computer technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the present application. Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of measuring an inner hole. In the figure: 1- guide body, 2- driving part, 3- measured object, 4- support, 5- rotary pair, 6- bracket, 7- light emitter, 8- light, 9- probe rod, 10- probe head, 11- light receiver, 12- display, 13- operator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The embodiments of the present application are further described below in conjunction with the drawings, and the specific embodiments do not limit the present application in any way.

[0029] Embodiment 1 : The measured workpiece is translated along the guide body, while the detection device is not translated along the guide body, the guide body is stationary.

[0030] Embodiment 2: The guide body is stationary, the detection device is translated along the guide body. The measured workpiece is in a stationary state.

[0031] Embodiment 3: The measured object (part with a hole) is rotated around its axis, the detection device is fixed to the support of the detection device, the device has no translation along the hole axis.

[0032] Embodiment 4: The detection device is rotated, the measured object (part with a hole) is stationary.

Claims

1. A precision detection method, comprising a detection tool, the detection tool having a guide reference, a driving device, a detection device, an optical device, a supporting device, a reading device, characterized in that The steps of the detection method are as follows: first, the detection tool is installed on the measured object, the detection device can rotate around the fulcrum at one end of the detection device, the detection device has a detection head at the end away from the fulcrum, and the detection head is in contact with the measured part of the measured object; second, the driving device or the hand moves the measured object or the detection device relative to the guide reference, the driving device or the hand acts as a power source to move one of the measured object or the detection device, so that the measured object and the detection device move relative to each other; the light emitted by the optical device changes with the rotation of the detection device and hits the light receiver; in one detection, the distance between the light emitter and the light receiver remains unchanged; the detection device has a detection rod and a detection head, and the reading device has a display; the detection rod can rotate in space around the fulcrum, and the detection head is located on the detection rod and in contact with the measured part of the measured object at the end thereof; the light emitter is connected to the detection rod, and the light emitted thereby is directed to the light receiver; the length of the light between the light emitter and the light receiver is greater than the length of the measured object; the reading device displays the position of the light spot or the transformed information thereof; third, when the detection task requires, the shape of the measured element and the topography of the measured object are fitted by the operation device, and the fitted shape and topography are displayed by the display device. The guide reference has a guide body, and the driving device has a driving member; the detection device or the measured object translates along the guide body; when the end of the detection head changes the distance relative to the guide body, the detection rod rotates accordingly; the change in the position of the detection rod causes the change in the position of the light spot on the light emitter, the light, and the light receiver.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: The guide reference has a guide body, and the driving device has a driving member; the detection device or the measured object rotates around the guide body; the detection rod rotates with the change of the detection head; the change in the position of the detection rod causes the change in the position of the light spot on the light emitter, the light, and the light receiver.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: The fulcrum of the rotation of the detection device is located at any end of the measured workpiece, and the positions of other parts change with the position of the fulcrum; the guide reference is a machine tool guide rail or other guide object, and the driving device is a machine tool slide plate.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein The detection device has a cylindrical pair or a spherical pair or a ball bearing or other connecting structure at the rotation fulcrum position, and the other connecting structure enables the detection rod to rotate.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein The detection device has a gap adjustment mechanism at the rotation fulcrum.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein: When the inner surface is detected, if there is a through hole, the light can pass through the inside of the hole or the outside of the hole.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein: The detection rod is integral or split, and the split detection rod can be disassembled and assembled into an integral one.

8. The method of claim 2 or 3, wherein ​

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