A small biomass gasification purification device

Abstract

The present invention relates to a small biomass gasification purification device, comprising a reaction chamber (1), a purifier (3), a pipeline connecting the two, and a booster fan (2) arranged on the pipeline; the purifier comprises a separation chamber (6), a cooling chamber (5) and a filter chamber (4) arranged in sequence from bottom to top, a purifier air inlet (304) is arranged at the separation chamber, and a purifier air outlet (301) is arranged at the filter chamber. The reaction chamber has a compact structure while being able to realize gas cooling and transmission functions. The gasification purification device of the present invention has a compact structure and a small volume, and can purify the gas in three different ways of high-speed collision liquefaction separation, cooling liquefaction separation and filtration separation in sequence, so that the purification is thorough and the purity is high. In addition, the present invention is simple to operate and is particularly suitable for use by individuals or rural users. Moreover, the present invention also realizes the separation and recycling of tar and wood acetic acid, and improves the gasification efficiency and raw material utilization rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of biomass energy utilization, and in particular to a small-sized biomass gasification purification device. Background Art

[0002] With the development of economy and society, the improvement of rural life quality and the change of lifestyle have brought about tremendous energy and environmental pressure: now rural areas have basically achieved full access to water and electricity, and cooking and heating have basically changed from burning straw and branches to burning coal. However, non-renewable resources such as coal are becoming increasingly scarce, and rural areas usually deal with straw and branches by burning them in the field, which not only causes great pollution to the environment, but also poses great safety hazards.

[0003] In response to this serious problem in rural areas, considering that rural branches, straw, rice straw and livestock manure are important renewable biomass energy sources, biomass gasification and purification devices suitable for rural use have come into being. Among them, biomass gasification and purification refers to: at a certain temperature, the polymer of biomass undergoes a series of reactions such as pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction to convert it into combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen and low molecular hydrocarbons, and then obtains pure fuel gas through a purification device.

[0004] However, the existing biomass gasification purification devices usually have the following problems:

[0005] 1. The gasification purification equipment is large in size and has a high cost;

[0006] 2. The gas purity is low and the calorific value is low;

[0007] 3. Low gasification efficiency and low raw material utilization rate;

[0008] 4. Tar, wood acetic acid, etc. cannot be separated and collected.

[0009] In view of the above problems and the characteristics of rural users, a new type of biomass gasification and purification equipment is needed to meet the needs. Summary of the invention

[0010] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a small-sized biomass gasification purification device, which has a compact structure, a small volume and can purify the fuel gas thoroughly and with high purity.

[0011] To solve the above problems, a small-scale biomass gasification purification device described in the present invention includes: a reaction chamber, a purifier, a pipeline connecting the two, and a booster fan arranged on the pipeline; the purifier includes a separation chamber, a cooling chamber and a filter chamber arranged in sequence from bottom to top, the separation chamber is provided with a purifier air inlet, and the filter chamber is provided with a purifier air outlet; the separation chamber includes a separation component and a gas reflux channel arranged in a ring outside the separation component, the separation component has a circular outer wall, its inlet is located at the upper part, the outlet is located at the lower part, and the interior is a layered partition guide plate structure, the separation component can make the incoming high-speed gas flow in a spiral manner while continuously and repeatedly colliding with the internal guide plate at high speed, thereby liquefying and condensing impurities in the gas to achieve the purpose of primary purification; the outflowing gas enters the subsequent cooling and filtering process through the gas reflux channel, and finally completes the three purifications.

[0012] Preferably, a feed hopper is provided on the upper cover plate on the top of the reaction bin, an ignition hole is provided on the bottom bin wall, and an annular gas channel and a cooling water jacket are provided in sequence from the inside to the outside in the radial direction at the top of the bin wall close to the upper cover plate, and the gas channel is connected to the space inside the bin and is provided with a reaction bin outlet for allowing the gas to flow out of the bin.

[0013] Preferably, the inner wall and outer wall of the reaction chamber serve as the inner wall of the gas channel and the outer wall of the cooling water jacket respectively, and the outer wall of the gas channel and the inner wall of the cooling water jacket share a wall; a gap is left between the inner wall of the reaction chamber and the upper cover plate for gas to flow into the gas channel.

[0014] Preferably, the bottom surface of the reaction chamber is provided with a wind disk for supplying oxygen and guiding flow.

[0015] Preferably, the circular outer wall of the separation component is provided with air holes at its outlet position for gas to flow out, and the top is extended upward to be connected to the inlet of the cooling cavity, and the extended part is provided with air holes for gas in the gas reflux channel to flow in.

[0016] Preferably, the cooling chamber includes a plurality of gas flow channels and a water chamber formed by an outer wall of the purifier and an outer wall of the gas flow channel.

[0017] Preferably, the purifier further comprises a sedimentation and stratification chamber disposed below the separation chamber, for collecting and precipitating the impurities separated by purification, thereby realizing the recovery and utilization of tar, wood acetic acid and water vapor in the impurities.

[0018] Preferably, an ash box is provided at the bottom of the reaction chamber.

[0019] Preferably, an ash removal hole is provided below the ignition hole on the reaction bin, and a maintenance hole is provided on the bin wall of the reaction bin.

[0020] Preferably, a cleaning port is provided on the cavity wall of the filter cavity in the purifier.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0022] 1. In the present invention, the purifier has a compact structure and a small volume, and can purify the gas from the reaction chamber three times from bottom to top in sequence by high-speed collision liquefaction separation, cooling liquefaction separation and filtration separation, with thorough purification and high purity. Based on the bottom-to-top arrangement and separation method of the three purification chambers, the purifier further sets a precipitation and stratification chamber below the separation chamber to achieve the separation and recycling of tar and wood acetic acid in impurities.

[0023] 2. The gasification purification device of the present invention is easy to operate and is particularly suitable for use by individuals or rural users.

[0024] 3. In the present invention, the reaction chamber has a compact structure and a small volume while being able to realize the gas cooling and transmission functions, which further optimizes the structural compactness of the entire gasification purification device.

[0025] 4. In the present invention, the arrangement of the wind disk on the bottom of the reaction chamber improves the gasification efficiency and the utilization rate of raw materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The specific implementation modes of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 It is an overall perspective view of the small-scale biomass gasification purification device of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall appearance of the small-scale biomass gasification purification device of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the purifier in the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 It is an axonometric view of the separation component of the separation chamber of the purifier in the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a distribution diagram of the gas flow channel in the cooling chamber of the purifier in the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 It is a right side view of the reaction chamber in the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the reaction chamber in the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reaction chamber air disk in the present invention.

[0035] In the figure: 1 - reaction chamber, 2 - booster fan, 3 - purifier, 4 - purifier filter chamber, 5 - purifier cooling chamber, 6 - purifier separation chamber; 101 - feed hopper, 102 - gate valve, 103 - maintenance hole, 104 - ash box, 105 - reaction chamber support, 106 - reaction chamber gas outlet, 107 - oxygen supply fan, 108 - upper cover plate, 109 - gas channel, 110 - cooling water jacket, 111 - reaction chamber outer wall, 112 - insulation layer, 113 - reaction chamber inner wall, 114 - ignition hole, 115 - —ash-discharging hole, 116—wind disc, 117—gap; 301—purifier air outlet, 302—cleaning port, 303—purifier outer wall, 304—purifier air inlet, 305—purifier bracket, 306—sedimentation and stratification chamber, 307—tar discharge port, 308—woody acid discharge port; 401—filter screen, 501—gas flow channel, 502—water chamber, 601—central tube, 602—guide plate, 603—separation component outer wall, 604—gas reflux channel, 605—air hole, 606—partition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] refer to Figure 1 to Figure 8 The embodiment of the present invention provides a small biomass gasification purification device, which mainly includes a reaction chamber 1, a purifier 3, a pipeline connecting the two, and a booster fan 2 arranged on the pipeline.

[0037] refer to Figure 3 The purifier 3 includes a separation chamber 6, a cooling chamber 5 and a filter chamber 4 arranged in sequence from bottom to top, a purifier air inlet 304 is arranged at the separation chamber 6, and a purifier air outlet 301 is arranged at the filter chamber 4. The gas coming out of the reaction chamber 1 enters the separation chamber 6 of the purifier 3 after being pressurized and accelerated by the booster fan 2, and then undergoes high-speed collision liquefaction separation purification in the separation chamber 6, cooling liquefaction separation purification in the cooling chamber 5, and filtering separation purification in the filter chamber 4, and is completely purified.

[0038] In the purifier 3, the separation chamber 6 includes a separation component and a gas reflux channel 604 arranged outside the separation component. The separation component has a circular outer wall 603, with an inlet located at the upper part, an outlet located at the lower part, and a layered partition guide plate structure inside. The separation component can make the incoming high-speed gas flow in a spiral manner while colliding with the internal guide plate 601 repeatedly at high speed, thereby liquefying and condensing impurities in the gas to achieve the purpose of primary purification; the outflowing gas enters the cooling chamber 5 through the gas reflux channel 604.

[0039] The circular outer wall 603 of the separation component is provided with an air hole 605 at its outlet position for gas to flow out, and the top extends upward to be connected to the inlet of the cooling cavity 5, and the extended part is provided with an air hole for gas in the gas reflux channel 604 to flow in.

[0040] refer to Figure 4 The separation component is specifically composed of a guide plate 602, a central tube 601, and a partition 606. The partition 606 is used to form a spiral airflow channel in layers. The guide plates 602 are staggered on the spiral airflow channel. The uppermost partition is a complete plate, and the lowermost partition is provided with an opening for airflow at the end of the airflow. Combined with the above description of the circular outer wall 603 of the separation component, it can be understood that the circular outer wall 603 is Figure 4 The uppermost and lowermost partitions shown in the figure have extensions on their bases, and air holes for gas circulation are arranged on the upper and lower extensions.

[0041] In the purifier 3, the cooling chamber 5 includes a plurality of gas flow channels 501 and a water chamber 502 formed by the purifier outer wall 303 and the outer wall of the gas flow channel 501. The water chamber 502 is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet at the upper and lower parts.

[0042] In the purifier 3, the filter cavity 4 is composed of multiple layers of filter screens 401, and a cleaning port 302 is opened on the cavity wall. In practical applications, the filter screen 401 can be a 304 stainless steel filter screen with a mesh size of 10-16; the edge is welded to the flange, and the flange is welded to the inner wall of the cavity.

[0043] The purifier 3 further includes a sedimentation and stratification chamber 306 disposed below the separation chamber 6, which is in an inverted cone shape and is used to collect and precipitate the impurities separated by purification, thereby realizing the recycling of tar, wood acetic acid, and water vapor in the impurities. Specifically, a wood acetic acid outlet 308 is disposed at the top of the sedimentation and stratification area, and a tar outlet 307 is disposed at the bottom of the sedimentation and stratification area. A purifier bracket 305 is disposed at the bottom of the purifier.

[0044] For the reaction bin 1, an insulation layer 112 is provided between the inner wall 113 of the reaction bin and the outer wall 111 of the reaction bin. The inner wall is made of high temperature resistant and corrosion resistant materials, and the insulation layer 112 is made of rock wool. The insulation layer 112 can prevent heat loss, thereby ensuring that the reaction bin 1 can provide the thermal conditions required for biomass pyrolysis and gasification. The upper cover plate 108 on the top of the reaction bin 1 is also equipped with an insulation layer.

[0045] A feed hopper 101 is provided on the upper cover plate 108 at the top of the reaction chamber 1. A gate valve 102 is provided on the feed hopper 101 through a flange connection to prevent air from entering the reaction chamber 1 during the non-feeding period. A plurality of ignition holes 114 are evenly provided on the bottom chamber wall. It can be understood that the ignition holes 114 are connected from the outer wall 111 of the reaction chamber to the inner wall 113 of the reaction chamber. An annular gas channel 109 and a cooling water jacket 110 are provided in sequence from the inside to the outside in the radial direction near the upper cover plate 108 at the top of the chamber wall. The gas channel 109 is connected to the space inside the chamber and is provided with a reaction chamber outlet 106 for gas to flow out of the chamber. The high-temperature gas in the gas channel 109 is cooled under the action of the cooling water jacket 110 to prevent the high-temperature gas from directly entering the booster fan 2. Such a structure makes the reaction chamber 1 compact and small in size while being able to achieve gas cooling and transmission functions. The inner wall and outer wall of the reaction chamber 1 serve as the inner wall of the gas channel 109 and the outer wall of the cooling water jacket 110 respectively, and the outer wall of the gas channel 109 and the inner wall of the cooling water jacket 110 share a wall; a gap is left between the inner wall of the reaction chamber 1 and the upper cover plate 108 for gas to flow into the gas channel 109; the top of the gas channel 109 is the bottom surface of the upper cover plate 108, and the top of the cooling water jacket 110 is formed by a special top cover to ensure sealing. The compactness of this part of the structure is further optimized.

[0046] Furthermore, the bottom of the reaction bin 1 is provided with a wind disc 116 for oxygen supply and diversion, which discharges air from the small holes on the side. In actual application, the wind disc 116 is connected to the oxygen supply fan 107 through a pipeline, and the pipeline is welded in the middle of the bottom of the wind disc 116. The oxygen supply fan 107 is connected to the pipeline through a flange. An ash box 104 is welded at the bottom of the reaction bin 1 to collect ash for convenient regular cleaning. The first ignition is to spread the ash layer to the bottom edge of the wind disc, then load the raw materials, ignite, and then clean the ash regularly to ensure that the ash layer is at the bottom edge of the wind disc. An ash scavenging hole 115 is provided below the ignition hole 114 on the bin wall to prevent ash from agglomerating (if agglomerating, crush it with a steel chisel from the ash scavenging hole). A maintenance hole 103 is provided on the bin wall of the reaction bin 1 above the ignition hole 114 for regular inspection and maintenance of the reaction bin 1. The reaction bin bracket 105 is welded to the bottom of the reaction bin to support and fix the reaction bin 1.

[0047] Based on the small-scale biomass gasification purification device disclosed above, its usage and working process are described below with examples.

[0048] [Gasification stage in the reaction chamber]

[0049] 1. Feeding: At the beginning of each gasification cycle, first open the gate valve 102, add biomass raw materials (rural biomass raw materials such as rural branches, straw, rice straw and livestock manure) from the feed hopper 101, and close the gate valve 102 after the reaction chamber 1 is filled with biomass raw materials.

[0050] 2. Ignition, turning on the oxygen supply fan and the booster fan: Open the ignition hole 114, insert the heating rod from the ignition hole 114 to ignite, and after the biomass raw material is completely ignited, remove the heating rod and close the ignition hole 114. Then turn on the oxygen supply fan 107 and the booster fan 2, and start gasification after the temperature of the reaction chamber 1 reaches the cracking condition.

[0051] 3. Gasification, cooling, and transmission: The gasified high-temperature gas rises to the top of the reaction chamber 1, enters the gas channel 109 from the gap 117 between the upper cover plate 108 and the top surface of the inner wall 113 of the reaction chamber, and the gas cooled by the cooling water jacket 110 enters the booster fan 2 from the reaction chamber outlet 106. The pressurized high-speed gas enters the purifier separation chamber 6 from the purifier air inlet 304.

[0052] [Purification stage in the purifier]

[0053] 4. Initial purification in the separation chamber: The high-speed gas flows in a spiral manner under the action of the guide plate 602, the central tube 601, and the partition plate 606 in the separation component, and collides with the guide plate 602 repeatedly at high speed during the process, so that part of the tar, wood acetic acid, water vapor, etc. in the gas is liquefied and condensed, thereby achieving the purpose of initial purification. The gas after the initial purification enters the purifier cooling chamber 5 through the air hole 605 at the lower part of the outer wall 603 of the separation component through the gas reflux channel 604.

[0054] 5. Secondary purification in the cooling chamber: In the cooling chamber 5 of the purifier, the water chamber 502 will cool down the gas passing through the gas flow channel 501 again, so that the tar, wood acetic acid, water vapor and the like in the gas are liquefied at low temperature, thereby achieving the purpose of secondary purification.

[0055] 6. Three purifications in the filter chamber: When the gas finally passes through the filter chamber 4 of the purifier, the multi-layer filter 401 can purify the solid impurities, ash, etc. in the gas. The clean combustible gas after three purifications in different ways flows out from the purifier outlet 301 to meet the gas demand of the user.

[0056] In the above purification process, tar, wood acetic acid, etc. will be collected in the sedimentation and stratification chamber 306, and after stratification, they will be discharged from the tar discharge port 307 and the wood acetic acid discharge port 308 respectively.

[0057] The present invention does not involve highly professional control during use, and is simple to operate and convenient to maintain.

[0058] The technical solution provided by the present invention is described in detail above. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principle and implementation mode of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the structure of the present invention and its core idea. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A small biomass gasification purification device, characterized in that: The device includes: A reaction chamber (1), a purifier (3), a pipeline connecting the two, and a booster fan (2) arranged on the pipeline; The purifier (3) comprises a separation chamber (6), a cooling chamber (5) and a filter chamber (4) which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top; a purifier air inlet (304) is arranged at the separation chamber (6), and a purifier air outlet (301) is arranged at the filter chamber (4); The separation chamber (6) comprises a separation component and a gas reflow channel (604) arranged outside the separation component. The separation component has a circular outer wall (603), an inlet of which is located at the upper part, an outlet of which is located at the lower part, and an internal layered partition and guide plate structure. The separation component can make the incoming high-speed gas flow in a spiral manner while continuously and repeatedly colliding with the internal guide plate (601) at high speed, thereby liquefying and condensing impurities in the gas to achieve the purpose of primary purification; the outflowing gas enters the subsequent cooling and filtering process through the gas reflow channel (604), and finally completes the third purification; The cooling cavity (5) comprises a plurality of gas flow channels (501) and a water cavity (502) formed by an outer wall (303) of the purifier and an outer wall of the gas flow channel (501); The purifier (3) further comprises a sedimentation and stratification chamber (306) disposed below the separation chamber (6), which is used to collect and precipitate impurities separated by purification, thereby realizing the recovery and utilization of tar, wood acetic acid and water vapor in the impurities; The upper cover plate (108) at the top of the reaction chamber (1) is provided with a feed hopper (101), the bottom chamber wall is provided with an ignition hole (114), and the top of the chamber wall near the upper cover plate (108) is provided with an annular gas channel (109) and a cooling water jacket (110) in radial order from inside to outside, the gas channel (109) being in communication with the space inside the chamber and provided with a reaction chamber gas outlet (106) for allowing gas to flow out of the chamber; The inner wall and outer wall of the reaction chamber (1) also serve as the inner wall of the gas channel (109) and the outer wall of the cooling water jacket (110), respectively; the outer wall of the gas channel (109) and the inner wall of the cooling water jacket (110) share a common wall; a gap (117) is left between the inner wall of the reaction chamber (1) and the upper cover plate (108) for gas to flow into the gas channel (109); The bottom surface of the reaction chamber (1) is provided with a wind disk (116) for supplying oxygen and guiding flow; The circular outer wall (603) of the separation component is provided with an air hole (605) at its outlet position for gas to flow out, and the top portion extends upward to be connected to the inlet of the cooling cavity (5), and the extended portion is provided with an air hole for gas in the gas reflux channel (604) to flow in; A ash box (104) is provided at the bottom of the reaction chamber (1); An ash removal hole (115) is provided below the ignition hole (114) on the reaction bin (1), and a maintenance hole (103) is provided on the bin wall of the reaction bin (1); A cleaning port (302) is provided on the cavity wall of the filter cavity (4) in the purifier (3).

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