A special device for measuring the height of desert phantom sea

Abstract

The invention discloses a special device for measuring the height of a desert phantom sea, which is characterized in that a horizontal angle steel bracket is connected to a vertical angle steel bracket through an angle steel connecting screw, a lens angle adjustment bracket is respectively connected to the vertical angle steel bracket and the horizontal angle steel bracket, and the lens angle adjustment bracket, the vertical angle steel bracket and the horizontal angle steel bracket form an inclined plane; the bracket has a prefabricated hole every 2.5 cm, and a height scale mark is provided on the vertical angle steel bracket; the glass lens is mounted on a rotating shaft, and the rotating shafts are respectively mounted in the rotating shaft fixing grooves on both sides of the lens angle adjustment bracket, fixed with rotating shaft fixing screws, and a rotating shaft handle is connected to one end of the rotating shaft; a probe bracket is provided on one side of the device, and a HOBO temperature and humidity monitoring probe is installed on the probe bracket. The invention reveals the formation mechanism of the desert phantom sea. Through the monitoring of the desert phantom sea and the calculation of total reflection, the errors in the explanation of the formation of the desert phantom sea in textbooks are corrected, and the research satisfactorily explains the formation of the "water surface" and the reflection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a device for measuring the height of a desert phantom sea, in particular to a device for measuring the height of a desert phantom sea by measuring the angle of a reflective mirror surface and the light shielding height at a target point B. Background Art

[0002] The phantom sea is a unique optical phenomenon in the desert, also known as a desert mirage. It is due to the high refractive index of the air near the ground, which causes the ground light to be totally reflected relative to the observation point and cannot penetrate, forming the "water surface" of the phantom sea. Objects above the surface can be reflected by the "water surface". Long-term temperature and humidity monitoring shows that the main reason for the increase in refractive index is the formation of an inversion layer due to the atmospheric temperature of 20 to 40 cm, and the main reason for the formation of the inversion layer is the evaporation of groundwater in arid areas. The phantom sea is an important optical characteristic of evaporation of groundwater. Its formation is closely related to atmospheric humidity, atmospheric dust, micro-topography, wind speed, sunshine, etc.

[0003] When people travel through the desert, they are often attracted by the "lake" that appears in the distance, but when they get close to it, it disappears without a trace. Today, the phantom sea is widely introduced in physics textbooks around the world as a unique optical phenomenon. However, there are many different opinions on the formation of the "water surface" and the reflection, and there is no reasonable explanation so far. Most of the current explanations are based on optical experiments or theoretical speculations, lacking actual monitoring and analysis. Summary of the invention

[0004] The latest research shows that deep-seated evaporation of soil in desert areas causes uneven distribution of air humidity at the surface interface, resulting in changes in the air refractive index and the formation of phantom seas. Specifically, during the upward transmission of light from the surface, the decrease in refractive index causes the light to bend toward the ground (see Figure 3 ), Figure 3 In the image, the lower the position of the reflected sunlight is on the lens, the more the light bends downward when passing through the "water surface". Therefore, θ1>θ2>θ3>θ4. When θ2 exceeds the critical angle, total reflection occurs, thus forming the "water surface" of the phantom sea. At the same time, objects above the "water surface" are reflected by the "water surface". The formation mechanism is the same as the real water surface reflection. When the observer moves upward at eye level, light greater than the critical angle (θ2) can be seen. The higher the height, the brighter the brightness. When the shading of the mirror just makes the observation point A unable to see the reflection of the lens, the observer cannot see any light even if he squats down. This is the principle of mirror imaging. The study satisfactorily explains the formation of the "water surface" and the reflection.

[0005] Based on the above, the present invention aims to provide a device for monitoring the height of desert phantom sea, which is used to accurately measure the height of phantom sea in desert areas, and has important scientific significance for reducing optical measurement errors, GPS precise positioning, wireless photoelectric transmission, precise aiming, etc.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A special device for measuring the height of the desert phantom sea is composed of a glass lens, a rotating shaft, a rotating shaft fixing screw, a rotating shaft handle, a rotating shaft fixing groove, a horizontal angle steel bracket, a height scale mark, an angle steel connecting screw, a HOBO temperature and humidity monitoring probe, a probe bracket, a vertical angle steel bracket, a lens angle adjustment bracket and a shading cloth. The horizontal angle steel bracket is connected to the vertical angle steel bracket through the angle steel connecting screw, the top of the lens angle adjustment bracket is connected to the vertical angle steel bracket, and the bottom is connected to the horizontal angle steel bracket. The lens angle adjustment bracket forms an inclined surface with the vertical angle steel bracket and the horizontal angle steel bracket; the bracket has a prefabricated hole every 2.5 cm, and the vertical angle steel bracket is provided with a height scale mark; the glass lens is mounted on the rotating shaft and embedded in the rotating shaft fixing grooves on both sides of the mirror angle adjustment bracket. The lens is covered with a shading cloth, and the length of the mirror angle adjustment bracket is the same as the length of the glass mirror; the rotating shaft is respectively mounted in the rotating shaft fixing grooves on both sides of the lens angle adjustment bracket (12), and is fixed with a rotating shaft fixing screw, and a rotating shaft handle is connected to one end of the rotating shaft; a probe bracket is set on one side of the device, and a HOBO temperature and humidity monitoring probe is installed on the probe bracket.

[0008] Advantages of the present invention and the beneficial effects produced:

[0009] 1. Use the temperature and humidity monitor (HOBO) to monitor the vertical distribution of air temperature and humidity in the area where point B is located, analyze and compare the air humidity and the height data of the phantom sea, clarify the correlation between the total reflection of the phantom sea and temperature and humidity, and reveal the formation mechanism of the desert phantom sea.

[0010] 2. Accurately measure the height of the phantom sea in the desert area, analyze and compare the air humidity and the phantom sea height data, clarify the correlation between the total reflection of the phantom sea and temperature and humidity, determine the temporal and spatial changes of the refractive index and the formation process of total reflection, and reveal the formation mechanism of the desert phantom sea. Through the monitoring of the desert phantom sea and the calculation of total reflection, the errors in the explanation of the formation of the desert phantom sea in the textbooks were corrected, and the formation of the "water surface" and the reflection was fully explained.

[0011] 3. Through the monitoring and total reflection calculation of the desert phantom sea, the errors in the explanation of the formation of the desert phantom sea in the textbooks have been corrected, which is of great practical significance for the precise positioning of GPS in extremely arid areas and GPS meteorological research; it has important utilization value for the near-ground transmission of photoelectric signals in arid areas, the elimination of flicker, the improvement of signal transmission quality, accurate aiming, and the safe take-off and landing of aircraft. In addition, the phantom sea is an important tourist resource in arid desert areas, and its formation mechanism plays an important role in the artificial development of this resource and the scientific popularization of the formation mechanism of the phantom sea. At the same time, it is of great significance for the scientific understanding of this magical optical phenomenon. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of Example 2 of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of mirror reflection and phantom sea formation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following is combined with Figure 1-2 , the technical solution of the present invention is further described:

[0016] Example 1

[0017] like Figure 1As shown, a special measuring device for the height of the desert phantom sea is composed of a glass lens 1; a rotating shaft 2; a rotating shaft fixing screw 3; a rotating shaft handle 4; a rotating shaft fixing groove 5; a horizontal angle steel bracket 6; a height scale mark 7; an angle steel connecting screw 8; a HOBO temperature and humidity monitoring probe 9, a probe bracket 10, a vertical angle steel bracket 11 and a lens angle adjustment bracket 12. The bracket is made of 3 3cm angle steel. The horizontal angle steel bracket 6 is 60cm long, the vertical angle steel bracket 11 is generally more than 60cm high, and the lens angle adjustment bracket 12 is 60cm long, which is conducive to the stability of the bracket. The horizontal angle steel bracket 6 is connected to the vertical angle steel bracket 11 through a 6mm angle steel connecting screw 8. The top of the lens angle adjustment bracket 12 is connected to the vertical angle steel bracket 11, and the bottom is connected to the horizontal angle steel bracket 6. The lens angle adjustment bracket 12 forms an inclined surface with the vertical angle steel bracket 11 and the horizontal angle steel bracket 6. The bracket has a prefabricated hole every 2.5cm. The two sides of the lens angle adjustment bracket 12 are opened with a 1cm wide rotation axis fixing groove 5 along the prefabricated hole direction. The vertical angle steel bracket 11 is provided with a height scale mark 7. The rotation axis is made of 8mm threaded screws. The width of the horizontal angle steel bracket 6 and the vertical angle steel bracket 11 is consistent with the length of the glass lens 1, both of which are 40cm. The glass lens 1 is mounted on the rotation axis 2. The rotation axis 2 is respectively mounted in the 1cm wide rotation axis fixing groove 5 of the lens angle adjustment bracket 12 through the prefabricated holes. The outer fixing screws of the rotation axis are selected from butterfly screws with an aperture of 8mm, and the inner screws are selected from hexagonal screws with an aperture of 8mm. The height adjustment of the rotation axis can be achieved by loosening and tightening the fixing screws. During installation, first screw in the left butterfly screw from the right, then insert the rotating shaft 2 into the left fixing slot of the lens angle adjustment bracket, then screw in the two hexagonal screws inside the rotating shaft from the right, and finally insert the rotating shaft 2 into the right fixing slot, screw in the right butterfly screw, and tighten the screws on both sides to fix the rotating shaft. The rotating shaft 2 and the glass lens 1 are bonded and fixed with Brothers Good adhesive. The rotating shaft handle 4 is a wooden cylindrical handle with a length of 10 cm and a diameter of 3 cm. A hole with a diameter of 1 cm is drilled vertically on the wooden handle, and the rotating shaft 2 is inserted into the hole, and finally bonded with Brothers Good adhesive.

[0018] A probe bracket 10 is placed on one side of the device, and a HOBO outdoor temperature and humidity probe 9 is arranged on the bracket. The HOBO outdoor temperature and humidity probe 9 is used to monitor the vertical distribution of air temperature and humidity at point B. The monitoring height is 5, 10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 100, and 150 cm. The measurement interval is 10 minutes / time, which can also be adjusted according to actual needs. The refractive index of light in the experimental time period is calculated according to the lens reflection height (h) and the air temperature and humidity monitoring results to determine the temporal and spatial variation process of total reflection.

[0019] When measuring, place the bracket in the center of the phantom sea. First, adjust the device angle, loosen the axis fixing screw, adjust the rotating axis 2 to the highest position, fix the rotating axis 2, and slowly shake the rotating axis handle 4 so that the light from point B can be reflected to the observation point A. Observation point A can see the light reflected from the lens at point B. Make the observation point and the reflected sunlight in the same direction. Objects above the "water surface" are reflected by the "water surface", and the formation mechanism is the same as the real water surface reflection. After observing the bright reflected sunlight at point A, first fix the inclined plane elevation angle, then adjust the screws on both sides of the rotating axis to move the lens up and down, and rotate the rotating axis 2 until the lens is lowered to a certain height. No matter how the lens angle is rotated, observation point A cannot see the scene under the "water surface", that is, the light reflected from point B. Fix the screws, and then measure the vertical height from the lens to the ground, which is the phantom sea height (h). When measuring the height of the phantom sea, the height of the phantom sea is measured multiple times in different time periods to monitor the daily and seasonal changes in the height of the phantom sea, and the height of the phantom sea in different time periods is recorded.

[0020] During the measurement process, the position of the rotating axis 2 is adjusted according to the height scale mark 7 so that the observation point A can see the light reflected by the lens at point B, and the observation point and the reflected sunlight are located in the same position.

[0021] Refractive index calculation. The atmospheric interface is the material basis for the occurrence of phantom seas. The refractive index N is a function of temperature, humidity, and air pressure. Since the atmospheric refractive index n is very close to the vacuum refractive index 1, it is usually expressed as the refractive index difference N, with the unit of one millionth of the difference between the refractive index n and 1, that is, , The greater the refractive index difference, the greater the refractive index.

[0022] (1)

[0023] Where T is the air temperature (K), p is the air pressure (bpar), e is the water vapor pressure (bpar), e=ew×RH%. The fitting formula for the saturated water vapor pressure ew in the temperature range (-30~60℃) is: ,

[0024] t=T-273.16,

[0025] Taking Mogao Grottoes as an example, z is the altitude of point B (1350m). The difference in air pressure and altitude caused by the height difference in the phantom sea layer is very small and can be ignored. The daily fluctuation of air pressure has no effect on the intra-layer sequence as a coefficient, so the local average air pressure during the measurement period (844 hPa) is taken. Substituting them into formula (1) to get:

[0026] (2)

[0027] The refractive index difference is a function of temperature and relative humidity. Therefore, by monitoring the air temperature and relative humidity at point B, the change in its refractive index can be obtained. The air temperature and humidity are monitored using a HOBO outdoor micro temperature and humidity monitor ( Figure 3 The air temperature and humidity at different heights (5, 10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 100, and 150 cm) at point B in the center of the sea were monitored, with a measurement interval of once every 10 minutes. The refractive index difference was calculated based on the actual monitoring results of temperature and humidity.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] The structure of the device is the same as that of Example 1, except that the glass lens 1 is embedded in the rotating shaft fixing grooves 5 on both sides of the mirror angle adjustment bracket 12, the lens 1 is covered with a shading cloth 13, the length of the mirror angle adjustment bracket 12 is the same as the length of the glass mirror 1, and the length of the horizontal angle steel bracket 6 is slightly larger than the length of the glass mirror 1, which is conducive to the stability of the bracket (see Figure 2 ).

[0030] During measurement, the special measuring device for the height of the Desert Fantasy Sea is placed at the reflection point B, and the shading cloth 13 on the lens is moved up, down, left, and right so that the observation point A can see the light reflected from point B. Then, the angle of the universal angle steel bracket is determined according to the angle of the glass mirror 1, and the inclination angle of the mirror support bracket is the same as the observed mirror reflection angle.

[0031] The glass mirror surface 1 is gradually shaded downward with a shading cloth 13. When no light is visible at the observation point A, the vertical height (h) of the shading point from the ground is measured.

Claims

1. A special device for measuring the height of a desert sea, comprising a glass lens (1), a rotating shaft (2), a rotating shaft fixing screw (3), a rotating shaft handle (4), a rotating shaft fixing groove (5), a horizontal angle steel bracket (6), a height scale mark (7), an angle steel connecting screw (8), a HOBO temperature and humidity monitoring probe (9), a probe bracket (10), a vertical angle steel bracket (11) and a lens angle adjustment bracket (12), wherein the device is characterized in that: The horizontal angle steel bracket (6) is connected to the vertical angle steel bracket (11) through the angle steel connecting screw (8); the top end of the lens angle adjustment bracket (12) is connected to the vertical angle steel bracket (11), and the bottom end is connected to the horizontal angle steel bracket (6); the lens angle adjustment bracket (12) forms an inclined surface with the vertical angle steel bracket (11) and the horizontal angle steel bracket (6); the bracket has a prefabricated hole every 2.5 cm, and the vertical angle steel bracket (11) is provided with a height scale mark (7); the glass lens (1) is mounted on the rotating shaft (2), and the rotating shaft (2) is respectively mounted in the rotating shaft fixing grooves (5) on the two sides of the lens angle adjustment bracket (12), and is fixed by the rotating shaft fixing screw (3); one end of the rotating shaft (2) is connected to the rotating shaft handle (4); a probe bracket (10) is provided on one side of the device, and a HOBO temperature and humidity monitoring probe (9) is installed on the probe bracket (10); the length of the lens angle adjustment bracket (12) is 60 cm.

2. A special device for measuring the height of a desert sea, comprising a glass lens (1), a rotating shaft fixing slot (5), a horizontal angle steel bracket (6), a height scale mark (7), an angle steel connecting screw (8), a HOBO temperature and humidity monitoring probe (9), a probe bracket (10), a vertical angle steel bracket (11), a lens angle adjustment bracket (12) and a shading cloth (13), wherein the device is characterized in that: The horizontal angle steel bracket (6) is connected to the vertical angle steel bracket (11) through the angle steel connecting screw (8); the top end of the lens angle adjustment bracket (12) is connected to the vertical angle steel bracket (11), and the bottom end is connected to the horizontal angle steel bracket (6); the lens angle adjustment bracket (12) forms an inclined surface with the vertical angle steel bracket (11) and the horizontal angle steel bracket (6); the bracket has a prefabricated hole every 2.5 cm, and the vertical angle steel bracket (11) is provided with a height scale mark (7); a probe bracket (10) is provided on one side of the device, and a HOBO temperature and humidity monitoring probe (9) is installed on the probe bracket (10); the length of the mirror angle adjustment bracket (12) is the same as that of the glass lens (1), and the glass lens (1) is embedded in the rotating shaft fixing grooves (5) on both sides of the mirror angle adjustment bracket (12), and the glass lens (1) is covered with a shading cloth (13); the length of the lens angle adjustment bracket (12) is 60 cm.

Images