Deformed drill bits and drill rigs

Abstract

The present invention discloses a deformable drill bit and a drilling machine, wherein the deformable drill bit comprises a main drill bit assembly, a positioning assembly, two auxiliary drill bit assemblies and an adjustment assembly; the main drill bit assembly comprises a main drill rod and a main drill bit, the cross section of the main drill rod is a polygon, and the main drill bit is installed at the end of the main drill rod; the positioning assembly fixes the two auxiliary drill bit assemblies on both sides of the main drill rod respectively; the auxiliary drill bit assembly comprises a mounting portion, an auxiliary drill rod, an elastic member, an auxiliary drill rod and an auxiliary drill bit, and the adjustment assembly comprises a first bearing and a connecting member, the inner ring and the outer ring of the first bearing sleeve are respectively connected to the main drill rod and the connecting member, and the connecting member is connected to the positioning assembly. The technical solution of the present invention can improve the tunnel hole blasting effect and improve the over-excavation and under-excavation phenomenon.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel blasting excavation, in particular to a deformable drill bit and a drilling machine. Background Art

[0002] my country has a vast territory, with mountains and hills accounting for about 75% of the country's land area. When a highway passes through a mountainous area or a hilly area, it is inevitable to build a tunnel to cross the mountain. Tunnels are not only the basic form of underground space utilization, but also an important part of transportation networks such as railways, highways, and urban subways. However, various adverse conditions are prone to occur during tunnel excavation and construction.

[0003] Existing drilling holes all use "I"-shaped drill bits or "plum blossom"-shaped drill bits, and the holes are all circular; in order to facilitate the loading of gunpowder and adapt to the hole shape, the gunpowder rolls are also made into long strips with circular cross-sections. The gunpowder rolls are detonated in the circular hole, and their energy is evenly diffused in the cross-sectional direction. The probability of splitting in each direction is the same, resulting in uneven and smooth contours around the tunnel after blasting. As a result, the displacement of the surrounding area of ​​the tunnel face during the excavation process is prone to over-excavation and under-excavation. Over-excavation has a significant harmful effect on the stability of the surrounding rock, and under-excavation will reduce the efficiency of construction operations. Both are uneconomical. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the invention is to provide a deformable drill bit, aiming to improve the tunnel hole blasting effect and improve the over-break and under-break phenomenon.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the deformable drill bit proposed in the present invention comprises a main drill bit assembly, a positioning assembly, two auxiliary drill bit assemblies and an adjustment assembly;

[0006] The main drill bit assembly comprises a main drill rod and a main drill bit. The cross section of the main drill rod is polygonal. The main drill bit is installed at the end of the main drill rod and is used to drill a main hole forward on the tunnel surface.

[0007] The positioning assembly fixes the two auxiliary drill bit assemblies on both sides of the main drill rod respectively;

[0008] The auxiliary drill bit assembly comprises a mounting portion, a plurality of elastic members, an auxiliary drill rod and an auxiliary drill bit, the mounting portion being connected to the positioning assembly, the auxiliary drill rod being slidably mounted on the mounting portion, one end of the elastic member being connected to the auxiliary drill rod and the other end being connected to the mounting portion, the auxiliary drill rod being perpendicular to the main drill rod, and one end of the auxiliary drill rod away from the main drill rod being connected to the auxiliary drill bit; the auxiliary drill rod is in contact with the peripheral wall of the main drill rod, and the auxiliary drill bit assembly has an original position in which the auxiliary drill bit is retracted and a striking position in which the auxiliary drill bit is extended under the pushing action of the main drill rod and the telescopic action of the elastic member; the auxiliary drill bit assembly switches between the original position and the striking position to drill two side holes on the two side walls of the main hole;

[0009] The adjusting assembly includes a first bearing and a connecting piece, the inner ring and the outer ring of the first bearing sleeve are respectively connected to the main drill rod and the connecting piece, the connecting piece is connected to the positioning assembly, and the connecting piece can rotate around the first bearing to drive the positioning assembly and the auxiliary drill bit assembly fixed on the positioning assembly to rotate around the main drill rod.

[0010] Preferably, the positioning assembly comprises a sleeve sleeved outside the main drill rod, the sleeve is provided with two positioning windows arranged opposite to each other, and the two auxiliary drill bit assemblies are respectively installed in the two positioning windows.

[0011] Preferably, the connecting member comprises a connecting ring, a dial and a positioning pointer, the connecting ring is connected to the sleeve via bolts, the dial is mounted on the connecting ring, and the positioning pointer is mounted on the connecting ring.

[0012] Preferably, the adjustment assembly further comprises a driving device, wherein the driving device is connected to the connecting member and is used for driving the connecting member to rotate.

[0013] Preferably, the driving device is a dividing motor.

[0014] Preferably, the adjustment component further includes a control circuit board, and the control circuit board is electrically connected to the driving device and is used to control the operation of the driving device.

[0015] Preferably, the positioning assembly further comprises a second bearing, and the end of the sleeve away from the adjustment assembly is positioned and mounted with the main drill rod via the second bearing.

[0016] Preferably, the cross section of the main drill pipe is a regular hexagon or a regular pentagon.

[0017] Preferably, the diameter of the main drill bit is 3-6 cm, and the diameter of the auxiliary drill bit is 1-3 cm smaller than the diameter of the main drill bit.

[0018] The present invention also provides a drilling machine, including a deformable drill bit, wherein the deformable drill bit comprises a main drill bit assembly, a positioning assembly, two auxiliary drill bit assemblies and an adjustment assembly;

[0019] The main drill bit assembly comprises a main drill rod and a main drill bit. The cross section of the main drill rod is polygonal. The main drill bit is installed at the end of the main drill rod and is used to drill a main hole forward on the tunnel surface.

[0020] The positioning assembly fixes the two auxiliary drill bit assemblies on both sides of the main drill rod respectively;

[0021] The auxiliary drill bit assembly comprises a mounting portion, an auxiliary drill rod, an elastic member, an auxiliary drill rod and an auxiliary drill bit, the mounting portion being connected to the positioning assembly, the auxiliary drill rod being slidably mounted on the mounting portion, one end of the elastic member being connected to the auxiliary drill rod and the other end being connected to the mounting portion, the auxiliary drill rod being perpendicular to the main drill rod, and one end of the auxiliary drill rod away from the main drill rod being connected to the auxiliary drill bit; the auxiliary drill rod is in contact with the peripheral wall of the main drill rod, and the auxiliary drill bit assembly has an original position in which the auxiliary drill bit is retracted and a striking position in which the auxiliary drill bit is extended under the push of the main drill rod and the expansion and contraction of the elastic member; the auxiliary drill bit assembly switches between the original position and the striking position to drill two side holes on the two side walls of the main hole;

[0022] The adjusting assembly includes a first bearing and a connecting piece, the inner ring and the outer ring of the first bearing sleeve are respectively connected to the main drill rod and the connecting piece, the connecting piece is connected to the positioning assembly, and the connecting piece can rotate around the first bearing to drive the positioning assembly and the auxiliary drill bit assembly fixed on the positioning assembly to rotate around the main drill rod.

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention can form two side holes on both sides of the main hole by designing an auxiliary drill bit on each side of the main drill bit, so that the drill hole formed by the deformed drill bit during work is a special-shaped hole similar to an ellipse. The long axis direction of the special-shaped hole will be the main direction of the energy release of the charge roll, which is conducive to the release of energy in a fixed direction during blasting. By setting a positioning component and an adjustment component, the relative position of the auxiliary drill bit and the main drill bit can be adjusted, so the long axis direction of the special-shaped hole can be selected to be consistent with or close to the direction of the connecting center line of the two adjacent holes, which can effectively reduce the wall thickness between adjacent special-shaped holes. In the process of continuous drilling, the angle can be adjusted according to the tunnel boundary line, ensuring that the crack disconnects the rock mass along the connecting center line, so that a ring blasting path is formed along the tunnel boundary line after blasting, thereby reliably improving the tunnel hole blasting effect and improving the over-excavation and under-excavation phenomenon. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a deformable drill bit of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A structural diagram of the deformed drill bit from another perspective;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a working schematic diagram of the deformable drill bit of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of the deformed drill bit from another perspective with the main drill bit omitted;

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustment assembly of the medium deformation drill bit;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a functional block diagram of the adjustment component in another embodiment of the deformable drill bit of the present invention.

[0030] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0033] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0034] The invention provides a deformable drill bit which is installed on a drilling rig and is used for blasting and excavating a tunnel face.

[0035] See also Figures 1 to 3 In an embodiment of the present invention, the deformable drill bit includes a main drill bit assembly 100, a positioning assembly 200, two auxiliary drill bit assemblies 300 and an adjustment assembly 400;

[0036] The main drill bit assembly 100 includes a main drill rod 110 and a main drill bit 120. The cross section of the main drill rod 110 is polygonal. The main drill bit 120 is installed at the end of the main drill rod 110 and is used to drill a main hole 510 forward on the tunnel surface.

[0037] The positioning assembly 200 fixes the two auxiliary drill bit assemblies 300 on both sides of the main drill rod 110 respectively;

[0038] See also Figure 4 The auxiliary drill bit assembly 300 includes a mounting portion 310, a plurality of elastic members 320, an auxiliary drill rod 330 and an auxiliary drill bit 340. The mounting portion 310 is connected to the positioning assembly 200. The auxiliary drill rod 330 can be slidably mounted on the mounting portion 310. One end of the elastic member 320 is connected to the auxiliary drill rod 330 and the other end is connected to the mounting portion 310. The auxiliary drill rod 330 is perpendicular to the main drill rod 110 and is away from the main drill rod 110. One end of the main drill rod 110 is connected to the auxiliary drill bit 340; the auxiliary drill rod 330 is in contact with the peripheral wall of the main drill rod 110, and the auxiliary drill bit assembly 300 has an original position in which the auxiliary drill bit 340 is retracted and a striking position in which the auxiliary drill bit 340 is extended under the pushing action of the main drill rod 110 and the telescopic action of the elastic member 320; the auxiliary drill bit assembly 300 switches between the original position and the striking position to drill two side holes 520 on the two side walls of the main hole 510;

[0039] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 The adjusting assembly 400 includes a first bearing 410 and a connecting piece 420. The inner ring and the outer ring of the first bearing 410 are respectively connected to the main drill rod 110 and the connecting piece 420. The connecting piece 420 is connected to the positioning assembly 200. The connecting piece 420 can rotate around the first bearing 410 to drive the positioning assembly 200 and the auxiliary drill bit assembly 300 fixed on the positioning assembly 200 to rotate around the main drill rod 110.

[0040] During operation, the main drill rod 110 is connected to the drilling machine and rotates under the drive of the drilling machine. The main drill bit 120 is fixed to the main drill rod 110, and the main drill bit 120 rotates together with the main drill rod 110. Since the cross section of the main drill rod 110 is polygonal, there is a certain difference between the radius of the inscribed circle and the longest diagonal line. When the main drill rod 110 is rotated to different positions, the relative position of the main drill rod 330 of the auxiliary drill bit assembly 300 is different. When the main drill rod 110 is working, it drives the main drill bit 120 to drill the main hole 510 into the wall. At the same time, the main drill rod 110 also continuously pushes the auxiliary drill rod 330, driving the auxiliary drill rod 330 to move. The auxiliary drill rod 330 is continuously reset through the elastic member 320, so as to drive the auxiliary drill bit 340 to expand and contract, thereby causing the auxiliary drill bit 340 to continuously drill the side wall surrounding rock of the main hole 510, and finally forming two side holes 520 on the side wall surrounding rock of the main hole 510. After the drilling is completed, the drilled hole is an elliptical special-shaped drilled hole. After one special-shaped hole is drilled, the connecting piece 420 is rotated to adjust the relative position between the auxiliary drill bit 340 and the main drill bit 120 to a required angle, and then the drilling operation of the next special-shaped hole is performed, and this process is repeated to complete all the drilling operations.

[0041] The technical solution of the present invention can form two side holes 520 on both sides of the main hole 510 by designing an auxiliary drill bit 340 on each side of the main drill bit 120, so that the drill hole formed by the deformed drill bit during operation is a special-shaped hole similar to an ellipse. The long axis direction of the special-shaped hole will be the main direction of the energy release of the drug roll, which is conducive to the release of energy in a fixed direction during blasting. By setting the positioning component 200 and the adjustment component 400, the relative position of the auxiliary drill bit 340 and the main drill bit 120 can be adjusted, so the long axis direction of the special-shaped hole can be selected to be consistent with or close to the direction of the connecting center line of the two adjacent holes, which can effectively reduce the wall thickness between adjacent special-shaped holes. In the process of continuous drilling, the angle can be adjusted according to the tunnel boundary line, ensuring that the crack disconnects the rock mass along the connecting center line, so that a ring blasting path is formed along the tunnel boundary line after blasting, thereby reliably improving the tunnel hole blasting effect and improving the over-excavation and under-excavation phenomenon.

[0042] There are many specific configuration methods for the auxiliary drill bit assembly 300, please refer to Figure 4In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the mounting portion 310 is a mounting block, a mounting groove 311 is provided in the middle of the mounting block, and a clearance through hole 312 is provided on the opposite side walls of the mounting groove 311. The auxiliary drill rod 330 is arranged in a T-shape, which includes a positioning rod 331 arranged horizontally in the mounting groove 311 and a driving rod 332 extending from the clearance hole close to the main drill rod 110. The elastic member 320 is a spring, and there are four of them. The four springs are respectively arranged on both sides of the positioning rod 331, so that the auxiliary drill rod 330 can be reset under the action of the spring when moving inward and outward. In order to achieve a more stable driving effect, a guide groove can also be provided in the mounting groove 311, and a guide edge matching the guide groove can be provided on the auxiliary drill rod 330, so as to achieve more stable and reliable outward telescopic drilling.

[0043] The positioning assembly 200 is used to position the auxiliary drill bit assembly 300. The positioning assembly 200 may be arranged in various ways, for example, including two mounting brackets arranged on the main drill rod 110, or including a sleeve arranged outside the main drill rod 110. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 In this embodiment, the positioning assembly 200 includes a sleeve 210 sleeved outside the main drill rod 110, and two positioning windows 211 arranged opposite to each other are provided on the sleeve 210, and the two auxiliary drill bit assemblies 300 are respectively installed in the two positioning windows 211. The sleeve 210 can position the auxiliary drill bit assembly 300 on the one hand, and can also protect the main drill rod 110 on the other hand, thereby improving the stability of the entire deformable drill bit. The auxiliary drill bit assembly 300 can be installed in the positioning window 211 by means of gluing, screw connection, snap connection, etc., which are not limited here.

[0044] For more precise adjustment, please refer to Figure 5 In this embodiment, the connecting member 420 includes a connecting ring 421, a dial 422 and a positioning pointer 423. The connecting ring 421 is connected to the sleeve 210 by bolts, the dial 422 is mounted on the connecting ring 421, and the positioning pointer 423 is mounted above the connecting ring 421. When the connecting ring 421 rotates, the dial 422 rotates together. At this time, the angle of rotation of the auxiliary drill bit assembly 300 can be known according to the angle of rotation of the positioning pointer 423 on the dial 422, so that the direction of the major axis of the special-shaped hole can be accurately controlled.

[0045] See also Figure 6In some embodiments, the adjustment assembly 400 further includes a driving device 430, which is connected to the connecting member 420 and is used to drive the connecting member 420 to rotate. Preferably, the driving device 430 is a dividing motor. In this case, the angle adjustment can be achieved by electric means without manual operation, and the dividing motor has high adjustment accuracy, which can achieve a better adjustment effect.

[0046] The adjustment assembly 400 also includes a control circuit board 440, which is electrically connected to the drive device 430 and is used to control the operation of the drive device 430. The drill bit is controlled by the control circuit board 440 to adjust the angle. The control circuit board for controlling the rotation angle of the indexing motor is a circuit board commonly used in industrial production, and there is no technical obstacle to using it in the deformed drill bit. The advantage of such operation is that the angle of the device body can be adjusted quickly, which is convenient for the staff to adjust and locate the hole position. It provides accurate and efficient drilling.

[0047] In order to achieve a more reliable positioning effect, in some embodiments, the positioning assembly 200 further includes a second bearing (not shown), and the end of the sleeve 210 away from the adjustment assembly 400 is positioned and installed with the main drill rod 110 through the second bearing. At this time, both ends of the sleeve 210 are respectively provided with mechanisms to position and support it, which can ensure that the position of the sleeve 210 is stable, thereby better supporting and adjusting the auxiliary drill bit assembly 300.

[0048] In some optional embodiments, the cross-section of the main drill rod 110 is a regular hexagon or a regular pentagon. In this case, the main drill rod 110 has higher strength and can push the auxiliary drill bit assembly 300 to drill holes at a suitable frequency, thereby achieving a better drilling effect.

[0049] The sizes of the main drill bit 120 and the auxiliary drill bit 340 can be selected as needed. For example, the diameter of the main drill bit 120 is 3-6 cm, and the diameter of the auxiliary drill bit 340 is 1-3 cm smaller than the diameter of the main drill bit 120. The hole drilled at this time can well meet the placement needs of the medicine roll. The size is selected according to the actual situation. In an optional embodiment, the diameter of the main drill bit 120 can be 42 mm, the diameter of the auxiliary drill bit 340 can be 28 mm, and the extended length of the auxiliary drill bit 340 is flush with the boundary line of the main drill bit. The main drill rod 110 is a regular hexagon, and the radius of the inscribed circle is 32 mm, then the longest diagonal is 36.95 mm, which can provide a length of 4.95 mm for the auxiliary drill bit 340.

[0050] The present invention also proposes a drilling rig, which includes a deformable drill bit. The specific structure of the deformable drill bit refers to the above embodiment. Since the drilling rig adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it also has all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here one by one.

[0051] It should be noted that the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that technical personnel in the field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformation made by using the contents of the present invention description and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deformable drill bit, installed on a drilling rig for tunnel face blasting excavation, characterized in that: The deformable drill bit comprises a main drill bit assembly, a positioning assembly, two auxiliary drill bit assemblies and an adjustment assembly; The main drill bit assembly comprises a main drill rod and a main drill bit. The cross section of the main drill rod is polygonal. The main drill bit is installed at the end of the main drill rod and is used to drill a main hole forward on the tunnel surface. The positioning assembly fixes the two auxiliary drill bit assemblies on both sides of the main drill rod respectively; The auxiliary drill bit assembly comprises a mounting portion, a plurality of elastic members, an auxiliary drill rod and an auxiliary drill bit, the mounting portion being connected to the positioning assembly, the auxiliary drill rod being slidably mounted on the mounting portion, one end of the elastic member being connected to the auxiliary drill rod and the other end being connected to the mounting portion, the auxiliary drill rod being perpendicular to the main drill rod, and one end of the auxiliary drill rod away from the main drill rod being connected to the auxiliary drill bit; the auxiliary drill rod is in contact with the peripheral wall of the main drill rod, and the auxiliary drill bit assembly has an original position in which the auxiliary drill bit is retracted and a striking position in which the auxiliary drill bit is extended under the pushing action of the main drill rod and the telescopic action of the elastic member; the auxiliary drill bit assembly switches between the original position and the striking position to drill two side holes on the two side walls of the main hole; The adjusting assembly includes a first bearing and a connecting piece, the inner ring and the outer ring of the first bearing are respectively connected to the main drill rod and the connecting piece, the connecting piece is connected to the positioning assembly, and the connecting piece can rotate around the first bearing to drive the positioning assembly and the auxiliary drill bit assembly fixed on the positioning assembly to rotate around the main drill rod.

2. The deformable drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning assembly comprises a sleeve sleeved outside the main drill rod, the sleeve is provided with two positioning windows arranged opposite to each other, and the two auxiliary drill bit assemblies are respectively installed in the two positioning windows.

3. The deformable drill bit according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly also includes a driving device, which is connected to the connecting member and is used to drive the connecting member to rotate.

4. The deformable drill bit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The driving device is a dividing motor.

5. The deformable drill bit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjustment component also includes a control circuit board, which is electrically connected to the driving device and is used to control the operation of the driving device.

6. The deformable drill bit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning assembly further comprises a second bearing, and one end of the sleeve away from the adjustment assembly is positioned and mounted with the main drill rod via the second bearing.

7. The deformable drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the main drill rod is a regular hexagon or a regular pentagon.

8. The deformable drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the main drill bit is 3-6 cm, and the diameter of the auxiliary drill bit is 1-3 cm smaller than the diameter of the main drill bit.

9. A drilling rig, characterized in that: The invention comprises the deformed drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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