A fuel cell household combined heat and power device

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell household cogeneration device, including a hydrogen storage system, a deionizer, an expansion kettle, a lithium battery system, an air compressor, a fuel cell DC converter, a fuel cell reactor, a fuel cell intercooler and a radiator, wherein the hydrogen storage system and the fuel cell reactor are connected via a hydrogen delivery pipe, the air compressor and the fuel cell intercooler and the fuel cell intercooler and the fuel cell reactor are connected via an air delivery pipe, the radiator, the deionizer, the expansion kettle and the fuel cell reactor are connected in sequence via a coolant recovery pipe, the fuel cell reactor is electrically connected to the fuel cell DC converter, the fuel cell DC converter is electrically connected to the lithium battery system, and the coolant and exhaust gas with a large amount of residual heat at the fuel cell reactor enter the floor heating laying pipeline through a heat output pipeline. The invention has high energy conversion efficiency, high utilization rate, energy saving, environmental protection and no pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to new energy utilization technology, and in particular to a fuel cell household cogeneration device. Background Art

[0002] At present, household electricity, winter heating, hot water supply, etc. mainly use electricity. At the current stage of industrialization and urbanization, energy and environment have become the main contradictions in my country's economic and social development. Energy shortage and environmental degradation are global problems that mankind is currently facing. Fuel cell power generation technology is an advanced and clean power generation technology. Its power generation mechanism is different from traditional power generation methods. Its power generation efficiency is not limited by the Carnot cycle efficiency. It is an efficient power generation equipment. Using fuel cells as power generation devices for building cogeneration systems is a combination of efficient energy conversion methods and efficient energy utilization methods. It has certain research value. Research in this field is of great significance to improving energy utilization and improving environmental quality.

[0003] For example, the patent document with the announcement number CN205177938U discloses a "5kW household low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell cogeneration device", which includes an air intake pump, a fuel cell stack, a photovoltaic array, a DC / AC converter, a household load, a DC / DC converter, a battery, a switching switch, a heating heat exchanger, a hot water heat exchanger, an exhaust gas separator, a hot water insulation box, and a heater. The fuel cell stack converts the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy and thermal energy for users to use. The electrical energy directly supplies power to the household load, and the thermal energy passes through the heating heat exchanger and the hot water heat exchanger in turn to achieve household heating and household hot water. At the same time, solar energy is used to supply power to the household load, and the electrical energy generated by solar energy is used to heat the auxiliary heater of the fuel cell stack to assist in starting the fuel cell stack. The system is equipped with a battery to ensure that the fuel cell stack can be started smoothly at any time. Although the above scheme points out the composition of the cogeneration device, the device needs to be used in the home. Therefore, how to position and set the various components of the device to ensure that the components can work effectively for a long time while minimizing their footprint and facilitating household storage is an urgent problem to be solved by the current common fuel cell cogeneration device. In addition, the energy conversion efficiency needs to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fuel cell household cogeneration device with high energy conversion efficiency, high energy conversion utilization rate, energy saving, environmental protection and no pollution in view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A fuel cell household cogeneration device comprises a hydrogen storage system, a deionizer, an expansion kettle, a lithium battery system, an air compressor, a fuel cell DC converter, a fuel cell reactor, a fuel cell intercooler and a radiator, wherein the hydrogen storage system is connected to the fuel cell reactor via a hydrogen delivery pipe, the air compressor and the fuel cell intercooler and the fuel cell intercooler and the fuel cell reactor are connected via an air delivery pipe, the radiator, the deionizer, the expansion kettle and the fuel cell reactor are connected in sequence via a coolant recovery pipe, the fuel cell reactor is electrically connected to the fuel cell DC converter, the fuel cell DC converter is electrically connected to the lithium battery system, and coolant and exhaust gas with a large amount of waste heat at the fuel cell reactor enter the floor heating laying pipeline through a heat output pipeline.

[0007] In the above scheme, hydrogen and compressed air react chemically in the fuel cell reactor through the action of catalysts to generate electricity, water with a large amount of waste heat, and exhaust gas. The generated electricity can be directly connected to the home power grid through AC / DC conversion and voltage conversion for home electricity use; the coolant and exhaust gas with a large amount of waste heat enter the floor heating pipeline through the heat output pipeline to exchange heat to achieve the purpose of winter heating. It has the characteristics of energy saving, environmental protection, pollution-free, and high efficiency, and the energy conversion utilization rate can reach more than 90%.

[0008] Furthermore, the radiator is connected to the outlet of the floor heating pipeline through a cold recovery pipe, and is used to recover and cool the coolant used in the floor heating pipeline, so that the coolant can be recycled.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a rack, the rack includes four columns and at least two bearing racks, a plurality of the bearing racks are spaced apart along the height direction of the columns, the four corners of each of the bearing racks are respectively connected and fixed to the four columns, the hydrogen storage system, deionizer, expansion kettle, lithium battery system, air compressor, fuel cell DC converter, fuel cell reactor, fuel cell intercooler, radiator, hydrogen delivery pipe, air delivery pipe and coolant recovery pipe are separately arranged on the plurality of the bearing racks. This is conducive to the hierarchical distribution of multiple devices and reduces the floor space.

[0010] Furthermore, there are four support racks, the hydrogen storage system, the deionizer and the expansion kettle are arranged on the support rack on the fourth layer, the lithium battery system is arranged on the support rack on the third layer, the air compressor, the fuel cell DC converter, the fuel cell reactor and the fuel cell intercooler are arranged on the support rack on the second layer, and the radiator is arranged on the support rack on the first layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the four corners of each of the carriers are respectively mounted on the four columns and can move along the height direction of the columns. At least one screw extending along the height direction of the columns is respectively provided on the opposite sides of the carriers. The bottommost carrier is fixedly connected to the screw, and the remaining carriers are connected to the screw through a gear with a middle hole. The inner wall of the middle hole of the gear is threadedly connected to the screw. The gear and the carrier are rotatably connected. The gears of the same carrier are connected through a chain, and the chain is meshed with an adjustment wheel. This is conducive to adjusting the spacing between multiple carriers, and can be changed horizontally and smoothly, which is conducive to facilitating the disassembly and maintenance of air compressors, fuel cell DC converters, fuel cell reactors and other components.

[0012] Furthermore, the column is provided with scale marks.

[0013] Furthermore, through holes are provided on opposite sides of the support frame corresponding to the screw rods, and the upper end or the lower end of the gear passes through the through hole and is locked by a connecting piece, and the gear is rotatable relative to the through hole.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes an auxiliary radiator arranged on the first layer of the support frame, and the auxiliary radiator is used to dissipate heat for the expansion kettle, the air compressor and the fuel cell DC converter through a water cooling pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a buffer tank arranged on the first layer of the support frame, which is used to discharge the water and exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell reactor after being buffered in the buffer tank.

[0016] Furthermore, the bottom ends of the four columns are provided with running wheels, and the bottom of the bottommost support frame is provided with a plurality of jacks evenly spaced around its edge, which is conducive to the convenience of moving and parking the household cogeneration device.

[0017] After adopting the above technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: it can realize clean energy-type household power supply and household heating, energy saving and environmental protection, and high energy utilization rate; the coolant with waste heat is used for household heating heat exchange at the same time as the hot air, and the coolant can be recycled, with less consumables and full utilization of thermal energy; a frame is provided, and the various components can be arranged in layers, the overall footprint is small, and the use space is saved; a screw, a gear chain and an adjusting wheel are provided, which is conducive to adjusting the spacing between the carriers by rotating the adjusting wheel, and the adjustment synchronization and stability are guaranteed, which is conducive to the disassembly and maintenance of various functional components in the device; the carrier is locked with the gear by a connecting piece, so that the gear and the carrier are relatively detachable, which is conducive to improving the maintainability of the vulnerable parts of the device; the provision of walking wheels and jacks is conducive to facilitating the movement and parking of the household cogeneration device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the accompanying drawings are as follows:

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a preferred fuel cell household cogeneration device provided by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a fuel cell household cogeneration device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a preferred three-dimensional structure of a rack provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the carrier frame and gear assembly provided by the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 1-hydrogen storage system, 2-deionizer, 3-expansion kettle, 4-lithium battery system, 5-air compressor, 6-fuel cell DC converter, 7-fuel cell reactor, 8-fuel cell intercooler, 9-radiator, 11-hydrogen delivery pipe, 12-air delivery pipe, 13-coolant recovery pipe, 14-heat output pipe, 110-column, 120-carrying frame, 91-auxiliary radiator, 10-buffer tank, 130-screw, 140-gear, 150-chain, 160-adjusting wheel, 121-through hole, 141-connector, 170-travel wheel, 180-jack. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings to further describe the technical solution of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0025] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a fuel cell household cogeneration device, including a hydrogen storage system 1, a deionizer 2, an expansion kettle 3, a lithium battery system 4, an air compressor 5, a fuel cell DC converter 6, a fuel cell reactor 7, a fuel cell intercooler 8 and a radiator 9, wherein the hydrogen storage system 1 is connected to the fuel cell reactor 7 through a hydrogen delivery pipe 11 for delivering hydrogen to the fuel cell reactor 7, the air compressor 5 and the fuel cell intercooler 8 and the fuel cell intercooler 8 and the fuel cell reactor 7 are connected through an air delivery pipe 12 for delivering air to the fuel cell reactor 7, the radiator 9, the deionizer 2, the expansion kettle 3 and the fuel cell reactor 7 are connected in sequence through a coolant recovery pipe 13 for recovering coolant, the fuel cell reactor 7 is electrically connected to the fuel cell DC converter 6, the fuel cell DC converter 6 is electrically connected to the lithium battery system 4, the lithium battery system 4 is connected to the household power grid to power household appliances, and the coolant and exhaust gas with a large amount of residual heat at the fuel cell reactor 7 enter the floor heating laying pipeline through the heat output pipeline 14.

[0026] In the above scheme, hydrogen and compressed air react chemically in the fuel cell reactor 7 through the action of the catalyst to generate electricity, water with a large amount of waste heat and exhaust gas. The generated electricity is converted into DC through the AC / DC conversion of the fuel cell DC converter 6, and the voltage conversion of the lithium battery system 4 can be directly connected to the home power grid for home electricity use; the coolant and exhaust gas with a large amount of waste heat enter the floor heating laying pipeline through the heat output pipeline 14, and heat exchange is carried out to achieve the purpose of winter heating. It has the characteristics of energy saving, environmental protection, pollution-free and high efficiency, and the energy conversion utilization rate can reach more than 90%.

[0027] Furthermore, the radiator 9 is connected to the outlet of the floor heating pipeline through a cold recovery pipe, and is used to recover and cool the coolant after the floor heating pipeline is used for heating. The coolant can be recycled. The coolant consumption is reduced, the utilization rate is improved, and energy saving is more environmentally friendly. In order to facilitate the recovery of the coolant, the cold recovery pipe or the coolant recovery pipe 13 is preferably connected to a water pump.

[0028] Furthermore, if Figure 2As shown, it also includes a frame, the frame includes four columns 110 and at least two carriers 120, and the multiple carriers 120 are spaced apart along the height direction of the columns 110. The four corners of each carrier 120 are respectively connected and fixed to the four columns 110, which can be fixed in an integral connection manner, such as welding or integral casting, or can be fixed in a detachable manner, such as screwing through angle codes. The hydrogen storage system 1, deionizer 2, expansion kettle 3, lithium battery system 4, air compressor 5, fuel cell DC converter 6, fuel cell reactor 7, fuel cell intercooler 8, radiator 9, hydrogen delivery pipe 11, air delivery pipe 12 and coolant recovery pipe 13 are separately arranged on the multiple carriers 120. According to the distribution of the pipelines, the above-mentioned functional components are reasonably arranged, which is conducive to the hierarchical distribution of multiple devices and reduces the floor space and space occupation.

[0029] In a specific implementation mode, there are four carriers 120, which are the first carrier 120 to the fourth carrier 120 from bottom to top. The hydrogen storage system 1, the deionizer 2 and the expansion kettle 3 are arranged on the carrier 120 on the fourth layer. Specifically, the deionizer 2 and the expansion kettle 3 are arranged close to each other. The lithium battery system 4 is arranged on the carrier 120 on the third layer. The air compressor 5, the fuel cell DC converter 6, the fuel cell reactor 7 and the fuel cell intercooler 8 are arranged on the carrier 120 on the second layer. The radiator 9 and the main water pump are arranged on the carrier 120 on the first layer. The radiator 9 is arranged on the lowest layer, which is convenient for connecting with the floor heating pipeline for coolant recovery and cooling. The main water pump is arranged on the lowest layer, which is convenient for the operation of coolant and water circulation. The hydrogen storage system 1 is arranged on the fourth layer. For safety reasons, hydrogen can be directly discharged into the atmosphere in the event of danger.

[0030] Another specific embodiment: Compared with the aforementioned specific embodiment, it also includes an auxiliary radiator 91 arranged on the first layer of the support frame 120, and the auxiliary radiator 91 is used to dissipate heat for the expansion kettle, the air compressor and the fuel cell DC converter through a water cooling pipe. The water cooling pipe is connected to an auxiliary water pump for water cooling circulation to fully dissipate the heat of the above-mentioned components.

[0031] It also includes a buffer tank 10 disposed on the first layer of the carrier frame 120, which is used to discharge the excess water and exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell reactor 7 after buffering in the buffer tank 10. The buffer tank 10 is installed on the lowest layer, which is conducive to the centralized and smooth discharge of the surplus water and exhaust gas in the device.

[0032] In this specific embodiment, there are two expansion kettles 3, one of which is an expansion kettle for the main cooling system, which is used to connect the main cooling system composed of a main water pump, a radiator 9, a fuel cell reactor 7, a fuel cell intercooler 8, etc., to replenish deionized water and deionized water expansion and pressure relief, and the other is an expansion kettle for the auxiliary cooling system, which is connected to the auxiliary cooling system composed of an auxiliary water pump, an auxiliary radiator 91, a controller of an air compressor 5 and a fuel cell DC converter 6, etc., to replenish coolant and relieve pressure.

[0033] Furthermore, if Figure 3 As shown, the four corners of each of the carriers 120 are respectively mounted on the four columns 110 and can move along the height direction of the columns 110. At least one screw 130 extending along the height direction of the columns 110 is respectively provided on the opposite sides of the carrier 120. The outer surface of the screw 130 has a thread. The bottom layer of the carrier 120 is fixedly connected to the screw 130 to ensure that the screw 130 is arranged parallel to the column 110 and will not rotate or move. The remaining carriers 120 are connected to the screw 130 through a gear 140 with a center hole. The inner wall of the center hole of the gear 140 is threadedly connected to the screw 130. The gear 140 and the carrier 120 are rotatably connected. All the gears 140 of the same carrier 120 are connected through a chain 150. The gear 140 is meshed with the chain 150. The chain 150 is meshed with an adjusting wheel 160. The adjusting wheel 160 can be a hand wheel or a gear. When it is necessary to adjust the height position of a certain carrier 120, only one operator is required to manually rotate the corresponding adjusting wheel 160 to drive the chain 150 and all the gears 140 meshing on the chain 150 to rotate, and the gears 140 then drive the corresponding carrier 120 to move up and down, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the distance between the carriers 120. The above adjustment not only only requires one person to operate, but also the carrier 120 can be completely raised or lowered in a completely horizontal manner.

[0034] The above design is conducive to adjusting the spacing between the multiple carriers 120, and can be changed horizontally and smoothly, which is conducive to facilitating the disassembly, assembly and maintenance of components such as the air compressor 5, the fuel cell DC converter 6, the fuel cell reactor 7, etc.

[0035] The column 110 is provided with a scale mark for marking the lifting height and for providing an adjustment reminder for the operator to rotate the adjusting wheel 160.

[0036] like Figure 4As shown, through holes 121 are provided on opposite sides of the carrier 120 corresponding to the screw rod 130, and the upper end or the lower end of the gear 140 passes through the through hole 121 and is locked by a connecting piece 141. For example, an external threaded portion is formed at the upper end or the lower end of the gear 140, and the connecting piece 141 is a nut. The rotating connecting piece 141 can be connected and fixed to the external threaded portion of the upper end or the lower end of the gear 140, and the gear 140 can rotate relative to the through hole 121. When the upper end of the gear 140 passes through the through hole 121 and is locked by the connecting piece 141, the outer gear surface of the gear 140 is located below the corresponding carrier frame 120, so the chain 150 and the adjusting wheel 160 are also located below the carrier frame 120, which can ensure aesthetics; when the lower end of the gear 140 passes through the through hole 121 and is locked by the connecting piece 141, the outer gear surface of the gear 140 is located above the corresponding carrier frame 120, so the chain 150 and the adjusting wheel 160 are also located above the carrier frame 120, which is conducive to facilitating operation by operators, especially when the adjusting wheel 160 is not a hand wheel.

[0037] Preferably, the bottom ends of the four columns 110 are provided with running wheels 170, which are one-way wheels or universal wheels. The bottom of the bottommost carrier 120 is evenly spaced around its edge with a plurality of jacks 180. The running wheels 170 can be lifted off the ground by starting the jacks 180 to extend. The fuel cell household heat and power cogeneration device of this embodiment can be stably parked. When it needs to be moved, the jacks 180 can be started to shorten them so that the running wheels 170 are in contact with the ground, and the device can be easily and conveniently moved. This is conducive to the convenient movement and parking of the household heat and power cogeneration device.

[0038] The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in similar ways, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fuel cell household cogeneration device, characterized in that: It includes a hydrogen storage system, a deionizer, an expansion kettle, a lithium battery system, an air compressor, a fuel cell DC converter, a fuel cell reactor, a fuel cell intercooler and a radiator. The hydrogen storage system is connected to the fuel cell reactor through a hydrogen delivery pipe, the air compressor is connected to the fuel cell intercooler and the fuel cell intercooler is connected to the fuel cell reactor through an air delivery pipe, the radiator, the deionizer, the expansion kettle and the fuel cell reactor are connected in sequence through a coolant recovery pipe, the fuel cell reactor is electrically connected to the fuel cell DC converter, the fuel cell DC converter is electrically connected to the lithium battery system, and the coolant and exhaust gas with a large amount of residual heat at the fuel cell reactor enter the floor heating laying pipeline through a heat output pipeline; It also includes a frame, the frame includes four columns and at least two bearing frames, a plurality of the bearing frames are spaced apart along the height direction of the columns, the four corners of each of the bearing frames are respectively connected and fixed to the four columns, and the hydrogen storage system, deionizer, expansion kettle, lithium battery system, air compressor, fuel cell DC converter, fuel cell reactor, fuel cell intercooler, radiator, hydrogen delivery pipe, air delivery pipe and coolant recovery pipe are separately arranged on the plurality of the bearing frames; There are four carriers, the hydrogen storage system, the deionizer and the expansion kettle are arranged on the carrier on the fourth layer, the lithium battery system is arranged on the carrier on the third layer, the air compressor, the fuel cell DC converter, the fuel cell reactor and the fuel cell intercooler are arranged on the carrier on the second layer, and the radiator is arranged on the carrier on the first layer; The four corners of each of the supporting frames are respectively mounted on the four columns and can move along the height direction of the columns. At least one screw extending along the height direction of the columns is respectively provided on the opposite sides of the supporting frames. The bottommost supporting frame is fixedly connected to the screw, and the remaining supporting frames are connected to the screw through a gear with a center hole. The inner wall of the center hole of the gear is threadedly connected to the screw. The gear and the supporting frame are rotatably connected. The gears of the same supporting frame are connected through a chain, and the chain is meshed with an adjusting wheel.

2. A fuel cell household cogeneration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiator is connected to the outlet of the floor heating pipeline through a cold recovery pipeline, and is used to recover and cool the coolant after being used for heating in the floor heating pipeline.

3. A fuel cell household cogeneration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The column is provided with a scale mark.

4. A fuel cell household cogeneration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Through holes are provided on opposite sides of the support frame corresponding to the screw rods, and the upper end or the lower end of the gear passes through the through hole and is locked by a connecting piece, and the gear is rotatable relative to the through hole.

5. A fuel cell household cogeneration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an auxiliary radiator arranged on the first layer of the support frame, and the auxiliary radiator is used to dissipate heat for the expansion kettle, the air compressor and the fuel cell DC converter through a water cooling pipe.

6. A fuel cell household cogeneration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a buffer tank arranged on the first layer of the support frame, which is used to discharge the water and exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell reactor after being buffered in the buffer tank.

7. A fuel cell household cogeneration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom ends of the four columns are provided with walking wheels, and the bottom of the bottommost carrier frame is provided with a plurality of jacks evenly spaced around the edge thereof.

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