A compression and shear simulation experimental device and experimental method for plate-type rubber bearings

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of experimental devices, and specifically relates to a compression and shear simulation experimental device and experimental method for a plate-type rubber bearing. Its main technical scheme: It includes a clamping plate mechanism with multiple guide screws, a locking nut is arranged at the end of the guide screw, a friction pair composed of a middle seat plate and a stainless steel plate is arranged in the clamping plate mechanism, the clamping plate mechanism presses the plate-type rubber bearing and the friction pair and locks them with a locking nut, the middle seat plate has a rough surface in contact with the plate-type rubber bearing, and a baffle with a pushing screw is arranged on the side of the clamping plate mechanism, the pushing screw is used to push the middle seat plate to slide, and the tightening nut on the pushing screw is tightened with the baffle to simulate the continuous state of the plate-type rubber bearing being subjected to compression and shear. The experimental device can objectively and truly simulate the continuous state of the plate-type rubber bearing being subjected to compression and shear, and can intuitively and accurately obtain the degree of compression and shear deformation in each time period. It has the characteristics of simple structure and easy use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of experimental devices, and specifically relates to a compression and shear simulation experimental device and an experimental method for a plate-type rubber bearing. Background Art

[0002] Plate rubber bearings are a type of bridge bearing product that is inlaid, bonded, and vulcanized with multiple layers of rubber and thin steel plates. This type of rubber bearing has sufficient vertical stiffness to withstand vertical loads, can reliably transmit the pressure of the upper structure to the pier, and has good elasticity to adapt to the rotation of the beam end. More importantly, it should have a large shear deformation to meet the horizontal displacement of the upper structure.

[0003] Because after the plate rubber bearing is installed on the bridge support, it is continuously affected by various forces and changes in shape during use. It is usually impossible to timely observe the changes of the plate rubber bearing at each stage after use, and the law of performance changes cannot be obtained. In order to timely understand and grasp the changes of the plate rubber bearing under different working conditions and environmental conditions, seek the trend and law of performance changes, and make preventive improvements to product quality, it is very necessary to conduct performance tests on the plate rubber bearing before it is put into production, especially for the compression and shear deformation performance test.

[0004] Conventional test equipment, such as presses, can achieve shear deformation of plate rubber bearings when they are compressed, but ordinary test machines do not have environmental test chambers and cannot reflect the continuous state of compression and shear force of plate rubber bearings in different environments. Therefore, the experimental data obtained cannot truly reflect the performance indicators of plate rubber bearings. If an environmental test chamber is added, the cost will increase significantly, and the test machine will be occupied for a long time, which is easy to cause waste of resources. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel compression and shear simulation experimental device which can objectively and truly simulate the continuous compression and shear state of a plate-type rubber bearing and can intuitively and accurately obtain the compression and shear deformation degree in each period.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A compression and shear simulation experimental device for a plate-type rubber bearing, characterized in that it includes a clamping plate mechanism having a plurality of guide screws, a locking nut is arranged at the end of the guide screw, a friction pair consisting of a middle seat plate and a stainless steel plate is arranged in the clamping plate mechanism, the clamping plate mechanism presses the plate-type rubber bearing and the friction pair and locks them with a locking nut, the middle seat plate has a rough surface in contact with the plate-type rubber bearing, a baffle plate with a pushing screw is arranged on the side of the clamping plate mechanism, the pushing screw is used to push the middle seat plate to slide, and the tightening nut on the pushing screw is tightened with the baffle plate to simulate the continuous state of the plate-type rubber bearing being subjected to compression and shear.

[0008] Additional technical features of the compression-shear simulation test device for the plate-type rubber bearing include:

[0009] The clamping mechanism includes an upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate, the guide screws are evenly arranged on the edges of the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate and penetrated in the guide holes, a spring washer is set between the nut of the guide screw and the upper pressing plate, and the locking nut of the guide screw is tightened with the lower pressing plate;

[0010] ——The upper pressing plate and the advancing screw are driven by a motor or a power cylinder and a pressure sensor is provided at the connection;

[0011] ——The roughness of the rough surface of the middle seat plate in contact with the plate rubber bearing is greater than Ra25;

[0012] - A wear-resistant plate made of modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is arranged between the middle seat plate and the stainless steel plate.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for conducting a compression-shear simulation test of a plate-type rubber bearing using the above-mentioned experimental device, the main steps of which include:

[0014] Step 1: Set the maximum shear deformation generated when the plate rubber bearing is subjected to the maximum bearing pressure as X, and divide the shear deformation of the plate seat into n levels within the range of X to -X as the positive direction;

[0015] Step 2: Use the test device to make the plate rubber bearing maintain the adjusted deformation, conduct simulation tests under different environments, and observe, take pictures, and record.

[0016] A specific experimental cycle constituting the experimental method is:

[0017] a) Adjust the deformation to X, place in a +60℃ aging box for 15 days, take out and observe, take photos and record;

[0018] b) Reduce the deformation by one level, place it outdoors for 15 days, and observe and take photos every day;

[0019] c) Continue to reduce the deformation level in the positive direction, and perform the following operations at each level: place it outdoors for 1 month, observe and take photos every day;

[0020] d) Adjust the deformation to -X, place it in a -40℃ low temperature box for 15 days, take it out for observation and photo recording;

[0021] e) Increase the deformation by one level in the opposite direction, place it outdoors for 15 days, and observe and take photos every day;

[0022] f) Continue to increase the deformation level in the reverse direction, and perform the following operations at each level: place it outdoors for 1 month, observe and take photos every day;

[0023] g) Adjust the deformation to X to complete a cycle.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the compression and shear simulation experimental device for a plate type rubber bearing provided by the present invention has the following advantages: since the compression and shear simulation experimental device includes a clamping plate mechanism moved by a guide screw, and a friction pair consisting of a middle seat plate and a stainless steel plate is arranged in the clamping plate mechanism, the clamping plate mechanism presses the plate type rubber bearing and the friction pair and locks them with a locking nut, and the pushing screw on its side pushes the middle seat plate to slide, and after the tightening nut and the baffle are tightened, the continuous state of the plate type rubber bearing being subjected to compression and shear is simulated. The structure is simple and compact, and the internal force-applying elements are reasonably arranged. It can truly simulate the actual compression and shearing conditions of the plate type rubber bearing, and can also intuitively obtain the degree of its deformation at each stage, providing an accurate reference basis for analyzing the relationship between the two and improving product quality; secondly, by using the above-mentioned experimental device to carry out compression and shear experiments on the plate type rubber bearing, within one experimental cycle, the use state of the plate type rubber bearing can be objectively and truly simulated, including various physical properties under pressure and shearing at different time stages and in different environments, such as elastic deformation, compressive resistance and other experimental data, which has the advantages of convenient and intuitive operation and true and accurate experimental results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a compression and shear simulation experimental device for a plate-type rubber bearing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The structure and working principle of the compression and shear simulation experimental device of a plate-type rubber bearing provided by the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0027] See also Figure 1 , which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a compression and shear simulation experimental device for a plate-type rubber bearing provided by the present invention. The structure of the compression and shear simulation experimental device for the plate-type rubber bearing includes a clamping plate mechanism 2 having a plurality of guide screws 11, a locking nut 12 is arranged at the end of the guide screw 11, a friction pair 3 consisting of a middle seat plate 31 and a stainless steel plate 32 is arranged in the clamping plate mechanism 2, the clamping plate mechanism 2 presses the plate-type rubber bearing a and the friction pair 3 and locks them with the locking nut 12, the middle seat plate 31 has a rough surface 310 in contact with the plate-type rubber bearing a, a baffle 42 having a pushing screw 41 is arranged on the side of the clamping plate mechanism 2, the pushing screw 41 is used to push the middle seat plate 31 to slide, and the tightening nut 43 on the pushing screw 41 is tightened with the baffle 42 to simulate the continuous state of the plate-type rubber bearing a being subjected to compression and shear.

[0028] Its working principle is as follows: the clamping mechanism 2 of the device is opened, and the plate rubber bearing a to be tested is placed on the friction pair 3. The clamping mechanism 2 is closed to press the plate rubber bearing a and the friction pair 3 and lock them with the locking nut 12. Due to the rough surface 310 of the middle seat plate 31 of the friction pair 3 in contact with the plate rubber bearing, the middle seat plate 31 can slide relative to the stainless steel plate, while the contact surface with the plate rubber bearing a remains stationary. The pushing screw 41 located on the side of the clamping mechanism 2 pushes the middle seat plate 31 to slide, and the tightening nut 43 on the pushing screw 41 is tightened with the baffle 42 to simulate the continuous state of the plate rubber bearing a being subjected to compression and shear.

[0029] In the structure of the compression-shear simulation test device constituting the above-mentioned plate-type rubber bearing,

[0030] ——In order to ensure the stable operation of the clamping mechanism 2, the clamping mechanism 2 includes an upper pressure plate 21 and a lower pressure plate 22. The guide screw 11 is evenly arranged on the edges of the upper pressure plate 21 and the lower pressure plate 22 and is penetrated in the guide hole, that is, the opening and closing of the upper pressure plate 21 and the lower pressure plate 22 are restricted by the guide screw 11. The locking nut 12 of the guide screw 11 is tightened with the lower pressure plate 22, which provides a stable and continuous pressure for the plate rubber bearing a, and truly simulates its compressed state in the bridge. Since the compression and shear deformation requires a long experimental time, in order to prevent the locking nut 12 from loosening, a spring gasket 13 is set between the nut of the tightening guide screw 11 and the upper pressure plate 21;

[0031] ——Preferably, the upper pressing plate 21 and the pushing screw 41 are driven by a motor or a power cylinder 51 and a pressure sensor 52 is provided at the connection, which improves the experimental operation efficiency and objectively and timely obtains and records the pressure change data. The experimental device can also add other sensing elements, such as temperature sensors, timers, etc., which can be connected to a single-chip microcomputer together with the pressure sensor 52, the motor or the power cylinder 51, and the single-chip microcomputer records the operating parameters of each experimental stage in real time;

[0032] ——In order to increase the friction between the middle seat plate 31 and the plate rubber support a, the surface roughness of the rough surface 310 of the middle seat plate 31 in contact with the plate rubber support a is greater than Ra25, so as to prevent the plate rubber support a from moving along with the middle seat plate 31 when it slides on the stainless steel plate 32, thereby improving the simulation effect of shear deformation. In order to enhance the roughness effect, the upper surface of the middle seat plate 31 can also be processed to make it uneven and pockmarked;

[0033] ——In order to ensure the safe operation of the friction pair 3, a wear-resistant plate 33 made of modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is arranged between the above-mentioned middle seat plate 31 and the stainless steel plate 32. While providing sufficient pressure for the plate rubber bearing, it improves the sliding stability of the middle seat plate 31 and extends the service life of the experimental device.

[0034] The present invention also provides a method for performing a plate-type rubber bearing compression and shearing test using the above experimental device, the main process of which is:

[0035] First, the maximum shear deformation generated when the plate rubber bearing a is subjected to the maximum bearing pressure is set to X, and X is defined accordingly according to the specific product standard. In this embodiment, a circular plate rubber bearing of φ200×42mm is used as the experimental test object, and its maximum shear deformation X is set to 17.5mm, and is divided into eight levels: X, 5X / 7, 3X / 7, X / 7, -X / 7, -3X / 7, -5X / 7, and -X;

[0036] Secondly, the above-mentioned test device is used to make the plate rubber bearing maintain the adjusted deformation level, and simulation tests are carried out in different environments, and observations, photographs and records are made.

[0037] For a φ200×42mm circular plate rubber bearing, a specific test cycle is:

[0038] a) Adjust the deformation to 17.5mm - place in +60℃ aging box for 15 days - take out and observe, take photos and record;

[0039] b) Adjust the deformation to 12.5 mm - place outdoors for 15 days - observe and take photos every day;

[0040] c) Adjust the deformation to 7.5mm - place it outdoors for 1 month - observe and take photos every day;

[0041] d) Adjust the deformation to 2.5 mm - place it outdoors for 1 month - observe and take photos every day;

[0042] e) Adjust the deformation to -2.5mm - place outdoors for 1 month - observe and take photos every day;

[0043] f) Adjust the deformation to -7.5mm - place outdoors for 1 month - observe and take photos every day;

[0044] g) Adjust the deformation to -12.5mm - place outdoors for 1 month - observe and take photos every day;

[0045] h) Adjust the deformation to -17.5mm - place in a -40℃ low temperature box for 15 days - take out for observation and photo recording;

[0046] i) Adjust the deformation to -12.5mm - place outdoors for 15 days - observe and take photos every day;

[0047] j) Adjust the deformation to -7.5mm - place outdoors for 1 month - observe and take photos every day;

[0048] k) Adjust the deformation to -2.5mm - place outdoors for 1 month - observe and take photos every day;

[0049] l) Adjust the deformation to 2.5mm - place it outdoors for 1 month - observe and take photos every day;

[0050] m) Adjust the deformation to 7.5mm - place it outdoors for 1 month - observe and take photos every day;

[0051] n) Adjust the deformation to 12.5mm - place outdoors for 1 month - observe and take photos every day;

[0052] o) Adjust the deformation to 17.5 mm and complete one cycle.

[0053] According to the above test, the use status of circular plate rubber bearings with specifications of φ200×42mm can be objectively and truly simulated, including various physical properties under pressure and shear at different time stages and in different environments, such as elastic deformation, compressive effect and other experimental data. The experiment has the advantages of convenient and intuitive operation and true and accurate experimental results; it provides an accurate reference basis for analyzing and improving the quality of this product.

Claims

1. A compression and shear simulation test method for a plate-type rubber bearing, characterized in that: The experimental device comprises: a clamping plate mechanism with a plurality of guide screws, a locking nut is arranged at the end of the guide screw, a friction pair consisting of a middle seat plate and a stainless steel plate is arranged in the clamping plate mechanism, the clamping plate mechanism presses the plate-type rubber bearing and the friction pair and locks them with a locking nut, the middle seat plate has a rough surface in contact with the plate-type rubber bearing, a baffle with a pushing screw is arranged on the side of the clamping plate mechanism, the pushing screw is used to push the middle seat plate to slide, and the tightening nut on the pushing screw is tightened with the baffle to simulate the continuous state of the plate-type rubber bearing being subjected to compression and shearing; The clamping mechanism comprises an upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate, the guide screws are evenly arranged on the edges of the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate and penetrated in the guide holes, a spring gasket is set between the nut of the guide screw and the upper pressing plate, and the locking nut of the guide screw is tightened with the lower pressing plate; the roughness of the rough surface of the middle seat plate in contact with the plate-type rubber bearing is greater than Ra25; The steps of the compression shear simulation experiment using the experimental device include: Step 1: Set the maximum shear deformation generated when the plate rubber bearing is subjected to the maximum bearing pressure as X, and divide the shear deformation of the plate seat into n levels within the range of X to -X as the positive direction; Step 2: Use the test device to make the plate rubber bearing maintain the adjusted deformation, conduct simulation tests under different environments, and observe, take photos, and record; A specific experimental cycle constituting the experimental method is: a) Adjust the deformation to X, place in a +60℃ aging box for 15 days, take out and observe, take photos and record; b) Reduce the deformation by one level, place it outdoors for 15 days, and observe and take photos every day; c) Continue to reduce the deformation level in the positive direction, and perform the following operations at each level: place it outdoors for 1 month, observe and take photos every day; d) Adjust the deformation to -X, place it in a -40℃ low temperature box for 15 days, take it out for observation and photo recording; e) Increase the deformation by one level in the opposite direction, place it outdoors for 15 days, and observe and take photos every day; f) Continue to increase the deformation level in the reverse direction, and perform the following operations at each level: place it outdoors for 1 month, observe and take photos every day; g) Adjust the deformation to X to complete a cycle.

2. The compression and shear simulation test method of a plate-type rubber bearing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper pressing plate and the advancing screw are both driven by a motor or a power cylinder and a pressure sensor is arranged at the connection.

3. The compression-shear simulation test method of a plate-type rubber bearing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A wear-resistant plate made of modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is arranged between the middle seat plate and the stainless steel plate.

Images