A comprehensive early warning method for tailings pond seepage monitoring system

Abstract

The invention discloses a tailings pond seepage monitoring system and a comprehensive early warning method thereof. The invention adopts advanced technical methods, and adopts a hydrological and meteorological monitoring module, a dry beach monitoring module and a soil monitoring module for monitoring the dam body of the tailings pond. The invention processes various monitoring results such as the measured hydrological and meteorological data of the tailings pond, the dry beach data, the soil seepage data, etc., and compares them with each other, and focuses on combining parameters such as rainfall, dry beach length, and seepage volume, so as to comprehensively predict the risk of overtopping and collapse of the tailings pond, thereby providing an early warning method with high feasibility and more perfect mechanism for the early warning of tailings pond seepage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tailings pond safety monitoring, and in particular to a tailings pond seepage monitoring system and a comprehensive early warning method thereof. Background Art

[0002] my country has a rich variety of mineral resources, and the reserves of some minerals are among the highest in the world. However, the overall characteristics of my country's mineral resources are that there are more poor ores and fewer rich ores, more polymetallic ores and fewer single minerals, the metal grade is generally low, and there is a lot of solid waste generated during the mining process, resulting in a large number of mining deposits. The development of the mining industry has made great contributions to my country's economic development, but it has also brought serious environmental pollution, making mining companies and society face severe comprehensive environmental governance issues.

[0003] The development and utilization of mines often produces a large amount of tailings. At present, there is no economical and effective method to deal with the tailings of the dressing plant. However, tailings often contain various toxic and harmful substances. Direct discharge will cause serious pollution and ecological damage to the air, groundwater and soil around the mine. Therefore, it is very important to use a tailings pond formed by damming the valley mouth or enclosing the land as a place to store tailings or other industrial waste after ore selection in metal or non-metal mines.

[0004] At present, most tailings are stored in tailings ponds near mining areas. With the changes in weathering and other conditions around tailings ponds, tailings ponds have become a man-made debris flow hazard source with high potential energy. Once a dam breach occurs, the destructive debris flow will surge to the downstream area, causing great harm to the human living environment, such as the surrounding air, groundwater, soil, vegetation and ecological environment. Therefore, the safety monitoring of tailings ponds is of great significance for strengthening the safety supervision of tailings ponds, grasping the safety status of tailings ponds, and reducing accidents and accidents in tailings ponds.

[0005] At present, the main technical parameters for the safe operation of tailings ponds in my country, such as dam deformation displacement, reservoir water level, and immersion line depth, are all measured manually on site using traditional instruments on a regular basis. The workload of safety monitoring is large and is affected by many factors such as weather, labor, and on-site conditions. There are large system errors and manual errors. At the same time, manual monitoring also has the characteristics of being unable to monitor the various technical parameters of the tailings pond in a timely manner and it is difficult to grasp the various safety technical indicators of the tailings pond in a timely manner. These will affect the safety production and management level of the tailings pond. Therefore, my country's mine safety production urgently needs real-time and automated monitoring technology and systems for tailings ponds.

[0006] The tailings pond online monitoring system uses sensor technology, signal transmission technology, computer graphics and image processing technology, network technology and software engineering technology to monitor various key technical indicators that affect the safety of tailings ponds and dams from an all-round perspective that combines macro and micro, theory and practice. It analyzes future trends based on recorded historical data and existing real-time data in order to assist enterprises and governments in making decisions, improve the safety level of tailings ponds, and effectively prevent and curb the occurrence of major accidents.

[0007] At present, the commonly used monitoring method for tailings ponds is mainly to analyze some single-point monitoring data. First, the monitoring data of some single points is not comprehensive enough. Secondly, the monitoring results have different errors according to different monitoring methods. In addition, such monitoring results cannot accurately grasp the deformation and strength of the tailings pond as a whole. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to better solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a tailings pond seepage monitoring system and a comprehensive early warning method thereof, which can better realize the online and automated monitoring of the tailings pond, and accurately achieve the real-time, authenticity, stability and accuracy of the monitoring data, so as to effectively grasp the seepage conditions of the tailings pond for mining enterprises and do a good job in risk control for safe production.

[0009] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a tailings pond seepage monitoring system, including a hydrological and meteorological monitoring module, a dry beach monitoring module and a soil monitoring module for monitoring the tailings pond dam body;

[0010] The hydrological and meteorological monitoring module is used for real-time monitoring of the temperature, rainfall and rainfall change rate of the tailings pond, and includes a rainfall monitoring module, which transmits the real-time monitored data to the water level monitoring module;

[0011] The dry beach monitoring module includes a beach top elevation monitoring module and the water level elevation monitoring module. The dry beach monitoring module is used to monitor the safety parameters of the dry beach of the tailings pond in real time and transmit the real-time monitored data to the soil monitoring module;

[0012] The soil monitoring module is used to combine the received real-time monitoring data and monitor the empty pipe length of the vertical shaft monitoring points inside the tailings dam, and then transmit the monitored empty pipe length data to the infiltration line monitoring module and the infiltration surface monitoring module for processing. The processing results of the infiltration line monitoring module are transmitted to the infiltration surface monitoring module for combined prediction to obtain the early warning value.

[0013] Furthermore, the rainfall monitoring module includes a rain gauge and an MCU data processing module, which calculates hourly rainfall and daily rainfall data by real-time monitoring of the instantaneous rainfall of the rain gauge.

[0014] Furthermore, the water level elevation monitoring module is used to receive data from the rainfall monitoring module and monitor the water level elevation of the tailings in real time. The dry beach monitoring module includes a level meter, a laser rangefinder, a 485 bus module and a laser communication module. The tailings water level elevation and the beach top elevation are measured by the level meter at the monitoring point. The dry beach length and slope ratio are measured and calculated by the laser rangefinder combined with the beach top elevation, the reservoir water level elevation and the inclination angle of the laser rangefinder.

[0015] Furthermore, the dry beach monitoring module can also perform combined monitoring through image sensors such as cameras and drones.

[0016] Furthermore, the soil monitoring module includes an empty pipe length monitoring module, and the empty pipe length monitoring module is used to monitor the empty pipe length of the vertical shaft monitoring point inside the tailings dam.

[0017] Furthermore, the infiltration line monitoring module and the infiltration surface monitoring module both include a piezometer and an MCU data processing module. Each monitoring point is a vertical deep well structure, and an piezometer sensor is installed at the bottom of each deep well.

[0018] A comprehensive early warning method for a tailings pond seepage monitoring system, the comprehensive early warning method is used to perform a single-point early warning on a section of a tailings pond, and the comprehensive early warning method comprises the following steps:

[0019] S1: Obtain the pressure of the piezometer at all the infiltration line monitoring points on the cross section and calculate the water depth at each monitoring point;

[0020] S2: According to the buried depth and water depth of the piezometer at each monitoring point, the empty pipe length of the monitoring point is obtained by subtracting the two;

[0021] S3: According to the empty pipe length alarm threshold determined during the design of the tailings pond, determine whether each monitoring point needs to be alarmed;

[0022] S4: Calculate the water surface elevation of each monitoring point based on the elevation and water depth of the piezometer installed at each monitoring point;

[0023] S5: According to the position of the water surface center point of each monitoring point, the approximate function of the infiltration line of the section is calculated using the least square method;

[0024] S6: Using the monitoring point as the dividing point, the infiltration line is divided into multiple intervals;

[0025] S7: On the infiltration line between two adjacent monitoring points, count 10 to 20 infiltration points at equal intervals and calculate the distance between the infiltration points and the surface line in the direction perpendicular to the infiltration line;

[0026] S8: Calculate the line spacing of all monitoring points, the average value, maximum value, minimum value of the line spacing, and the positions of the maximum value and minimum value;

[0027] S9: Based on the warning thresholds of the average and minimum line spacing determined during the design of the tailings pond, determine whether an alarm is needed, and determine the alarm interval location and alarm point location.

[0028] The advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] 1. The influence of hydrological and climatic conditions on tailings ponds; the rainfall varies greatly in different climates. The reservoir water level, dry beach length and its change rate will directly cause the tailings pond to be flooded. The infiltration line, empty pipe length and its change rate will cause the tailings pond to be damaged by seepage. Therefore, the present invention focuses on strengthening the monitoring of tailings ponds under different hydrological and climatic conditions to effectively grasp the seepage situation of tailings ponds and reduce the probability of accidents.

[0030] Second, a new comprehensive early warning method for infiltration lines is proposed; the comprehensive early warning algorithm for infiltration lines proposed in the present invention can effectively simulate the degree of infiltration inside the tailings pond, and can calculate and predict the distance between many infiltration points on the infiltration line except the center point of the water surface of the monitoring well and the surface line, thereby effectively predicting the distance between the entire infiltration line and the surface line, focusing on the importance of the average value and minimum value of the line spacing between the two, and at the same time performing nonlinear prediction and characterizing the soil infiltration conditions as infiltration lines and infiltration surfaces, making the monitoring of the tailings pond dam clearer and more intuitive, and providing an important solution for ensuring the safety of the tailings pond dam; Third, a comprehensive early warning method for seepage is proposed; the present invention processes various monitoring results such as the measured tailings pond hydrological and meteorological data, dry beach data, soil seepage data, etc., and compares them with each other, focusing on combining parameters such as rainfall, dry beach length, seepage volume, etc., to comprehensively predict the risk of overtopping and collapse of the tailings pond, providing a highly feasible and more complete early warning method for the seepage early warning of the tailings pond. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a tailings pond seepage monitoring system of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rainfall history record of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the infiltration line cross section of the present invention;

[0035] Markings in the figure: 1-tailings pond seepage monitoring system, 2-hydrological and meteorological monitoring module, 3-dry beach monitoring module, 4-soil monitoring module, 5-rainfall monitoring module, 6-water level elevation monitoring module, 7-beach top elevation monitoring module, 8-empty pipe length monitoring module, 9-infiltration line monitoring module, 10-infiltration surface monitoring module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] A tailings pond seepage monitoring system, comprising a hydrological and meteorological monitoring module 2 for monitoring the tailings pond dam body, a dry beach monitoring module 3 and a soil monitoring module 4;

[0038] The hydrological and meteorological monitoring module 2 is used for real-time monitoring of the temperature, rainfall and rainfall change rate of the tailings pond, and includes a rainfall monitoring module 5, which transmits the real-time monitored data to the water level monitoring module 6;

[0039] The dry beach monitoring module 3 includes a beach top elevation monitoring module 7 and the water level elevation monitoring module 6. The dry beach monitoring module 3 is used for real-time monitoring of the safety parameters of the dry beach of the tailings pond and transmitting the real-time monitored data to the soil monitoring module 4; the soil monitoring module 4 is used to combine the received real-time monitoring data and monitor the empty pipe length of the vertical shaft monitoring point inside the tailings pond dam, and then transmit the monitored empty pipe length data to the infiltration line monitoring module 8 and the infiltration surface monitoring module 10 for processing. The processing result of the infiltration line monitoring module 8 is transmitted to the infiltration surface monitoring module 10 for combined prediction to obtain an early warning value.

[0040] Furthermore, the rainfall monitoring module 5 includes a rain gauge and an MCU data processing module, which calculates hourly rainfall, daily rainfall and other data by real-time monitoring of the instantaneous rainfall of the rain gauge. Since hourly rainfall and daily rainfall are the accumulation of instantaneous rainfall in each time period, the water level elevation and its change rate in the reservoir under different rainfall conditions can be effectively estimated. Figure 2 As shown;

[0041] Furthermore, the water level elevation monitoring module 6 is used to receive data from the rainfall monitoring module 5 and monitor the water level elevation of the tailings in real time. The dry beach monitoring module 3 includes a level meter, a laser rangefinder, a 485 bus module and a laser communication module. The tailings water level elevation and the beach top elevation are measured by the monitoring point level meter, and the dry beach length and slope ratio are measured and calculated by the laser rangefinder combined with the beach top elevation, the reservoir water level elevation and the laser rangefinder inclination angle.

[0042] Furthermore, the dry beach monitoring module 3 may also perform combined monitoring through image sensors such as cameras and drones.

[0043] Furthermore, the soil monitoring module 4 includes an empty pipe length monitoring module 8, and the empty pipe length monitoring module 8 is used to monitor the empty pipe length of the vertical shaft monitoring point inside the tailings dam.

[0044] Furthermore, the seepage problem of the tailings pond soil adopts a single-point monitoring of the empty pipe length and its rate of change with each unit time, and a multi-point relative monitoring of the change of the dam body infiltration line. The infiltration line monitoring module and the infiltration surface monitoring module realize real-time monitoring of the water content inside the tailings pond. The infiltration line monitoring module 8 and the infiltration surface monitoring module 10 both include a piezometer and an MCU data processing module. Each monitoring point is a vertical deep well structure, and an osmometer sensor is installed at the bottom of each deep well. It should be noted that the processing result of the infiltration line monitoring module 8 is transmitted to the infiltration surface monitoring module 10 for combined prediction according to the empty pipe length determined during the design of the tailings pond, and the early warning value is obtained. By real-time monitoring the pressure of each sensor, the water surface elevation of the detection point is calculated, and then the empty pipe length is calculated, and its value is equal to the difference between the buried depth of the piezometer and the water depth, and the rate of change of the empty pipe length with each unit time length is calculated at the same time. And the infiltration line and its rate of change with each unit time length are calculated using the water surface elevation of multiple detection points installed on a certain section of the dam body. The infiltration surface monitoring module mainly uses the data prediction method to combine the empty pipe length and the infiltration line for processing, and obtains a more vivid and effective warning value, and obtains the infiltration line profile as follows Figure 3 As shown; due to the stepped shape of the tailings pond, Figure 3 The surface line in the middle is shown. The soil infiltration degree is monitored by drilling wells inside the monitoring points on the single-layer dam to obtain the empty pipe length of the monitoring point. Single-point warning can be carried out according to the empty pipe length warning value provided during the design of the tailings pond.

[0045] Connect the center points of the water surface in each monitoring point with a smooth curve to obtain the infiltration line of the section, such as Figure 3 As shown by the infiltration line. Figure 3 It can be seen that the distance between the infiltration line and the surface line directly reflects the water content inside the tailings pond and the risk of collapse. To this end, the infiltration line on the section is divided into multiple monitoring intervals with the monitoring well as the dividing point, such as Figure 3As shown in intervals 1 to 5. On the infiltration line between two adjacent monitoring points, 10 to 20 infiltration points are counted at equal intervals, and the distance between the infiltration points and the surface line in the direction perpendicular to the infiltration line is calculated, as shown in Figure 3 Calculate the line spacing of all monitoring points, as well as the average, maximum, and minimum values ​​of the line spacing, and the locations of the maximum and minimum values. Add a comparison between the average and minimum values ​​of the spacing and the set threshold. If both the average and minimum values ​​are lower than the threshold, immediately issue an early warning for the location of the monitoring point.

[0046] A comprehensive early warning method for the infiltration line of a tailings pond seepage monitoring system, the comprehensive early warning method is used to perform a single-point early warning on the cross section of the tailings pond, and the comprehensive early warning method comprises the following steps:

[0047] S1: Obtain the pressure of the piezometer at all the infiltration line monitoring points on the cross section and calculate the water depth at each monitoring point;

[0048] S2: According to the buried depth and water depth of the piezometer at each monitoring point, the empty pipe length of the monitoring point is obtained by subtracting the two;

[0049] S3: Determine whether each monitoring point needs to be alarmed according to the empty pipe length alarm threshold determined during the design of the tailings pond;

[0050] S4: Calculate the water surface elevation of each monitoring point based on the elevation and water depth of the piezometer installed at each monitoring point;

[0051] S5: According to the position of the water surface center point of each monitoring point, the approximate function of the infiltration line of the section is calculated using the least square method;

[0052] S6: Using the monitoring point as the dividing point, the infiltration line is divided into multiple intervals;

[0053] S7: On the infiltration line between two adjacent monitoring points, count 10 to 20 infiltration points at equal intervals and calculate the distance between the infiltration points and the surface line in the direction perpendicular to the infiltration line;

[0054] S8: Calculate the line spacing of all monitoring points, the average value, maximum value, minimum value of the line spacing, and the positions of the maximum value and minimum value;

[0055] S9 Comprehensive seepage warning: Based on the warning thresholds of the average and minimum line spacing determined during the design of the tailings pond, determine whether an alarm is needed and determine the alarm interval location and alarm point location.

[0056] The comprehensive seepage warning is mainly based on the rainfall, dry beach length and seepage volume. The relationship between the three and the warning level is shown in Table 1.

[0057] Table 1 Comprehensive safety warning of tailings dam based on seepage

[0058]

[0059] This system realizes the functions of collecting, processing and integrating the monitoring data of the tailings pond. During the software design process, the collection and calculation methods of multiple data have been improved:

[0060] 1. The impact of hydrological and climatic conditions on tailings ponds; The rainfall in different climates varies greatly. The reservoir water level, dry beach length and their change rate will directly cause the tailings pond to be flooded. The infiltration line, empty pipe length and their change rate will cause the tailings pond to be damaged by seepage. Therefore, the present invention focuses on strengthening the monitoring of tailings ponds under different hydrological and climatic conditions to effectively grasp the seepage situation of tailings ponds and reduce the probability of accidents.

[0061] 2. A new comprehensive early warning method for infiltration lines is proposed; the comprehensive early warning algorithm for infiltration lines proposed in the present invention can effectively simulate the degree of infiltration inside the tailings pond, and can calculate and predict the distance between many infiltration points on the infiltration line except the center point of the water surface of the monitoring well and the surface line, thereby effectively predicting the distance between the entire infiltration line and the surface line, and emphasizing the importance of the average and minimum values ​​of the line spacing between the two, and at the same time performing nonlinear prediction on the soil infiltration conditions as infiltration lines and infiltration surfaces, making the monitoring of the tailings pond dam clearer and more intuitive, and providing an important solution for ensuring the safety of the tailings pond dam.

[0062] 3. A comprehensive seepage early warning method is proposed; the present invention processes various monitoring results such as the measured tailings pond hydrological and meteorological data, dry beach data, soil seepage data, etc., compares them with each other, and focuses on combining parameters such as rainfall, dry beach length, and seepage volume to comprehensively predict the risk of tailings pond overtopping and collapse, providing a highly feasible and more complete early warning method for tailings pond seepage early warning.

[0063] It should also be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0064] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

Claims

1. A comprehensive early warning method for a tailings pond seepage monitoring system, characterized in that: The tailings pond seepage monitoring system includes a hydrological and meteorological monitoring module, a dry beach monitoring module and a soil monitoring module for monitoring the tailings pond dam body; The hydrological and meteorological monitoring module is used for real-time monitoring of the temperature, rainfall and rainfall change rate of the tailings pond, and includes a rainfall monitoring module, which transmits the real-time monitored data to the water level monitoring module; The dry beach monitoring module includes a beach top elevation monitoring module and the water level elevation monitoring module. The dry beach monitoring module is used to monitor the safety parameters of the dry beach of the tailings pond in real time and transmit the real-time monitored data to the soil monitoring module; The soil monitoring module is used to monitor the empty pipe length of the vertical shaft monitoring point inside the tailings dam in combination with the received real-time monitoring data, and then transmit the monitored empty pipe length data to the infiltration line monitoring module and the infiltration surface monitoring module for processing. The processing result of the infiltration line monitoring module is transmitted to the infiltration surface monitoring module for combined prediction to obtain the early warning value; the infiltration line monitoring module and the infiltration surface monitoring module both include a piezometer and an MCU data processing module, each monitoring point is a vertical deep well structure, and a piezometer sensor is installed at the bottom of each deep well; The comprehensive early warning method is used to provide a single-point early warning for the cross section of the tailings pond, and the comprehensive early warning method includes the following steps: S1: Obtain the pressure of the piezometer at all the infiltration line monitoring points on the cross section and calculate the water depth at each monitoring point; S2: According to the buried depth and water depth of the piezometer at each monitoring point, the empty pipe length of the monitoring point is obtained by subtracting the two; S3: According to the empty pipe length alarm threshold determined during the design of the tailings pond, determine whether each monitoring point needs to be alarmed; S4: Calculate the water surface elevation of each monitoring point based on the elevation and water depth of the piezometer installed at each monitoring point; S5: According to the position of the water surface center point of each monitoring point, the approximate function of the infiltration line of the section is calculated using the least square method; S6: Using the monitoring point as the dividing point, the infiltration line is divided into multiple intervals; S7: On the infiltration line between two adjacent monitoring points, count 10 to 20 infiltration points at equal intervals and calculate the distance between the infiltration points and the surface line in the direction perpendicular to the infiltration line; S8: Calculate the line spacing of all monitoring points, the average value, maximum value, minimum value of the line spacing, and the positions of the maximum value and minimum value; S9: Based on the warning thresholds of the average and minimum line spacing determined during the design of the tailings pond, determine whether an alarm is needed, and determine the alarm interval location and alarm point location.

2. The comprehensive early warning method of a tailings pond seepage monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The rainfall monitoring module includes a rain gauge and an MCU data processing module, and calculates hourly rainfall and daily rainfall data by real-time monitoring of the instantaneous rainfall of the rain gauge.

3. The comprehensive early warning method of a tailings pond seepage monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water level monitoring module is used to receive data from the rainfall monitoring module and monitor the water level of the tailings in real time. The dry beach monitoring module includes a level meter, a laser rangefinder, a 485 bus module and a laser communication module. The tailings water level and beach top elevation are measured by the level meter at the monitoring point. The dry beach length and slope ratio are measured and calculated by a laser rangefinder combined with the beach top elevation, reservoir water level elevation and laser rangefinder inclination.

4. The comprehensive early warning method of a tailings pond seepage monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The dry beach monitoring module performs combined monitoring through camera and drone photography.

5. The comprehensive early warning method of a tailings pond seepage monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The soil monitoring module includes an empty pipe length monitoring module, which is used to monitor the empty pipe length of the vertical shaft monitoring point inside the tailings dam.

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