A method and device for real-time sampling and online analysis of atmospheric pollution particles

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of air pollution detection, and discloses a real-time sampling and online analysis method and device for air pollution particles, including S1) using a filter to screen gas samples; S2) energizing the electromagnet, and using a vacuum pump to pump the airflow carrying air particles to a sampling membrane; S3) disconnecting the electromagnet to obtain air particles on the sampling point of the sampling membrane; S4) using a motor to move the air particles on the sampling point of the sampling membrane to a mass spectrometer inlet; S5) turning off the motor, starting an in-situ ionization source and a mass spectrometer; S6) using an in-situ ionization source to ionize the particles, and using a mass spectrometer to detect; S7) realizing simultaneous sampling and analysis of particles. The present invention combines a particle material collection component with in-situ ionization mass spectrometry analysis to realize real-time particle collection and analysis, and uses a strip sampling membrane for continuous long-term uninterrupted monitoring, without manual operation, and with a high degree of automation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of air pollution detection, and in particular to a method and device for real-time sampling and online analysis of air pollution particles. Background Art

[0002] Atmospheric particulate pollutants themselves have complex and changeable chemical properties, and it is crucial to understand how organic matter in particulate matter changes over space and time. Traditional offline mass spectrometry analysis methods mostly use large-volume canister or bag samplers for collection, and the sampling time ranges from more than ten hours to several days. After that, the substances need to be collected through organic solvent extraction, and finally separated by derivatization chromatography. These methods are lengthy and complex, and cannot reflect the changes of organic matter over space and time. The analysis results are also susceptible to human interference.

[0003] In order to characterize the changes of particulate pollutants in space and time, aerosol particle mass spectrometers came into being. Early aerosol particle mass spectrometers mostly used thermal desorption plus electron bombardment ionization sources. The ionization energy was large, and the molecules of the substance became fragments, making it difficult to determine the original chemical composition. In recent years, online analysis technologies using soft ionization technologies such as synchrotron radiation ultraviolet photoionization or photoelectron resonance capture ionization have begun to appear. However, these ionization devices are complex in structure and expensive, and have not been widely used. Chemical ionization sources are another type of soft ionization technology used in online analysis. The widely used proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer is one of the most representative ones. The ion source of the proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer does not participate in the ionization process of the analyte, but only produces hydronium ion protons as chemical reaction reagents, which react with the analyte to transfer hydrogen ion protons to the analyte. This ionization method has high ionization efficiency and does not fragment the analyte, but it is mostly used to analyze gaseous pollutants and is less used in the detection of atmospheric particulate matter.

[0004] In the national patent publication CN109425565A, a method for detecting suspended particles in air pollution is disclosed. The invention includes the following steps: S1. First, a measurement team is formed, and the work required for measurement is reasonably distributed to the staff in the team. After the distribution is completed, the instruments to be used are selected according to the division of labor, and the location of suspended particle detection is discussed according to the weather conditions of the day. The method for detecting suspended particles in air pollution proposed in the invention requires manual sampling at a specific location, and the filter membrane needs to be stored and then transported to a dust-free laboratory. The process is cumbersome and easily subject to human interference. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for real-time sampling and online analysis of atmospheric pollution particles in order to solve the problems of the existing mass spectrometry analysis method being lengthy, complicated to operate and susceptible to human interference.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A real-time sampling and online analysis device for atmospheric pollution particles, comprising a particle material collection component and an in-situ ionization and analysis component;

[0008] The particulate matter collection component is used to collect atmospheric pollution particulate matter in real time and transmit the collected atmospheric pollution particulate matter to the in-situ ionization and analysis component;

[0009] The in-situ ionization and analysis component is used to ionize the atmospheric pollution particulate matter collected by the particulate matter collection component, and to perform online analysis on the ionized matter.

[0010] Furthermore, the particulate matter collection component includes a conveyor belt component, a gas sampling pipeline component and a sealed sampling component; the conveyor belt component includes a particulate matter belt sampling membrane, a motor, a rotor one and a rotor two; the motor is connected to the rotor two, the rotor two is tightly connected to the winding core two, the rotor one is tightly connected to the winding core one, and the rotor two is linked to the rotor one through the particulate matter belt sampling membrane.

[0011] The second wheel is equivalent to a driving wheel, and the first wheel is equivalent to a driven wheel. Both the second wheel and the first wheel are provided with a winding core, and the second wheel is linked with the first wheel through the particle strip sampling membrane. The particle strip sampling membrane is in the shape of a scroll on both wheels, and the two winding cores are closely connected to the first wheel and the second wheel respectively. When the motor is started, the second wheel is driven by the motor, and the motor drives the second wheel to roll, and the first wheel follows, and the sampling point on the particle strip sampling membrane is driven to move from the first wheel to the second wheel.

[0012] Furthermore, the gas sampling pipeline assembly includes a filter, an upper sampling pipeline, a lower sampling pipeline and an air pump; the filter is used to filter particles of different particle sizes, the filter is connected to the front end of the upper sampling pipeline, the air pump is connected to the end of the lower sampling pipeline, and the front end of the lower sampling pipeline is separated from the end of the upper sampling pipeline by a preset distance.

[0013] Furthermore, the sealed sampling assembly includes an upper pipeline sealing ring, a lower pipeline sealing ring, an upper pipeline electromagnet and a lower pipeline iron sheet. The diameter of the upper pipeline sealing ring matches the diameter of the sampling upper pipeline, and the upper pipeline sealing ring is sleeved on the end of the upper sampling pipeline; the diameter of the lower pipeline sealing ring matches the diameter of the sampling lower pipeline, and the lower pipeline sealing ring is sleeved on the front end of the sampling lower pipeline; the side surface of the upper pipeline sealing ring is connected to the upper pipeline electromagnet, and the side surface of the lower pipeline sealing ring is connected to the lower pipeline iron sheet; the particle strip sampling membrane passes between the upper pipeline sealing ring and the lower pipeline sealing ring.

[0014] Furthermore, the filter is a cutting head or a particle size filter.

[0015] Driven by the vacuum pump, the gas sample containing atmospheric pollution particles first passes through a cutting head or a particle size filter to filter out particles of the required size, and then enters the sampling upper pipeline. By setting a filter when collecting gas samples of atmospheric pollution particles, it is helpful to filter out particles of the required size for targeted research.

[0016] Furthermore, the bottom surface of the upper pipeline sealing ring is 1-5 mm away from the top surface of the lower pipeline sealing ring.

[0017] The bottom surface of the upper pipeline sealing ring is separated from the top surface of the lower pipeline sealing ring by a certain distance, and the particle strip sampling membrane passes between the bottom surface of the upper pipeline sealing ring and the top surface of the lower pipeline sealing ring. When the upper pipeline electromagnet is energized, it has magnetism, causing the lower pipeline iron sheet to be sucked upward, and then the lower pipeline sealing ring connected to the side of the lower pipeline iron sheet is also moved upward, and the particle strip sampling membrane between the bottom surface of the upper pipeline sealing ring and the top surface of the lower pipeline sealing ring is lifted and moved upward until the particle strip sampling membrane is tightly fitted and clamped with the upper pipeline sealing ring and the lower pipeline sealing ring at the same time.

[0018] Furthermore, the in-situ ionization and analysis component includes an in-situ ionization source and a mass spectrometer. The in-situ ionization source is used to ionize the particulate matter collected on the particulate matter strip sampling membrane; the mass spectrometer is used to absorb the ionized particulate matter into the mass spectrometer injection port and detect the ionized particulate matter.

[0019] Furthermore, the in-situ ionization source is an electrospray ionization source or a plasma ionization source.

[0020] Electrospray ionization sources mainly use organic solvents to extract polar compounds contained in particles on the sampling membrane, and then add a high voltage of several thousand volts to the solvent. Different electrospray ionization methods have different ways of contact between the solution and the substance, and different methods of producing compound ions. Some extract substances by building a liquid bridge between two capillaries and on the sample sampling membrane. The substances in the solution are charged after Coulomb explosion at the tip of the latter capillary; others directly spray the extraction solution at high speed through the capillary, and the charged droplets hit the surface of the sampling membrane, causing the analyte to be chemically sputtered and desorbed from the sampling membrane and ionized. Plasma ionization sources ionize the gas between the electrodes by adding a high voltage of several thousand volts between the positive and negative electrodes, generating ions, electrons, and excited gas. This gas state is called plasma. Plasma bombards the surface of the sampling membrane, desorbs the substances in it, and reacts with the desorbed substances, or reacts with water, nitrogen, etc. in the air to ionize the substances on the sampling membrane.

[0021] A method for real-time sampling and online analysis of atmospheric pollution particles, comprising the steps of:

[0022] S1) obtaining a gas sample containing atmospheric pollutant particles, screening the gas sample using a cutting head or a particle size screening instrument, and obtaining atmospheric particles of preset specifications after screening;

[0023] S2) energizing the electromagnet at the end of the upper sampling pipeline, and using an air pump to draw airflow carrying atmospheric particles of preset specifications to the particle belt sampling membrane;

[0024] S3) after a preset time, the electromagnet is powered off to obtain the atmospheric particulate matter on the sampling point of the particulate matter strip sampling membrane;

[0025] S4) starting the motor, setting the injection distance, and using the motor to move the atmospheric particulate matter on the sampling point of the particulate matter strip sampling membrane to the injection distance of the mass spectrometer injection port;

[0026] S5) when the atmospheric particulate matter reaches the injection distance of the mass spectrometer injection port, the motor is turned off, and the in-situ ionization source and the mass spectrometer are started;

[0027] S6) using the charged organic solvent or plasma ejected from the in-situ ionization source to ionize the particulate matter at the sampling point of the sampling belt to obtain ionized substances, sucking the ionized substances into the mass spectrometer injection port through a mass spectrometer, and detecting the ionized substances in the mass spectrometer;

[0028] S7) Repeat steps S1) to S6) in sequence, the electromagnet is energized again, and the particulate matter is sampled to another point on the particulate matter belt sampling membrane, thereby achieving simultaneous sampling and analysis of the particulate matter.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the in-situ ionization technology used in the present invention greatly reduces the reliance of mass spectrometer analysis on sample pretreatment, and can even avoid a long pretreatment process, and directly ionize the collected samples. Moreover, the in-situ ionization technology is mostly a soft ionization source, which will not excessively fragment the organic molecules, making it easier to determine their chemical composition. The present invention combines the particulate matter collection component with the in-situ ionization mass spectrometry analysis to achieve real-time particulate matter collection and analysis, and uses a strip sampling membrane for continuous long-term uninterrupted monitoring without manual operation. It has a high degree of automation and is suitable for the detection of types and concentrations of organic compounds in particulate matter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of the real-time sampling and online analysis method of atmospheric pollution particles of the present invention.

[0032] 1. Rotor 1; 2. Rotor 2; 3. Core 1; 4. Core 2; 5. Motor; 6. Particle sampling strip membrane; 7. Upper pipeline electromagnet; 8. Lower pipeline iron sheet; 9. Upper pipeline sealing ring; 10. Lower pipeline sealing ring; 11. Sampling upper pipeline; 12. Sampling lower pipeline; 13. Cutting head; 14. Vacuum pump; 15. Mass spectrometer inlet; 16. In-situ ionization source; 17. Mass spectrometer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation methods described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0034] Embodiment 1, as Figure 1 As shown, a real-time sampling and online analysis device for atmospheric pollution particles includes a particle material collection component and an in-situ ionization and analysis component;

[0035] The particulate matter collection component is used to collect atmospheric pollution particulate matter in real time and transmit the collected atmospheric pollution particulate matter to the in-situ ionization and analysis component;

[0036] The in-situ ionization and analysis component is used to ionize the atmospheric pollution particulate matter collected by the particulate matter collection component, and to perform online analysis on the ionized matter.

[0037] The particulate matter collection component includes a conveyor belt component, a gas sampling pipeline component and a sealed sampling component; the conveyor belt component includes a particulate matter belt sampling membrane 6, a motor 5, a wheel 1 and a wheel 2 2; the motor 5 is connected to the wheel 2 2, the wheel 2 2 is tightly connected to the winding core 2 4, the wheel 1 is tightly connected to the winding core 1 3, and the wheel 2 2 is linked to the wheel 1 through the particulate matter belt sampling membrane 6.

[0038] The gas sampling pipeline assembly includes a filter, an upper sampling pipeline 11, a lower sampling pipeline 12 and an air pump 14; the upper sampling pipeline 11 and the lower sampling pipeline 12 are preferably stainless steel pipes with a pipeline diameter of 5-20 mm. The filter is used to filter particles of different particle sizes, and the filter uses a cutting head 13 or a particle size filter. The filter is connected to the front end of the upper sampling pipeline 11, and the air pump 14 is connected to the end of the lower sampling pipeline 12. The front end of the lower sampling pipeline 12 is located directly below the end of the upper sampling pipeline 11, and the front end of the lower sampling pipeline 12 is separated from the end of the upper sampling pipeline 11 by a preset distance.

[0039] The gas sample containing atmospheric pollution particles is driven by the vacuum pump, first passes through the cutting head 13 or the particle size screening instrument to screen out particles of the required particle size, and then enters the sampling upper pipeline. By setting a filter when collecting the gas sample of atmospheric pollution particles, it is helpful to screen out particles of the required particle size for targeted research.

[0040] The sealed sampling assembly includes an upper pipeline sealing ring 9, a lower pipeline sealing ring 10, an upper pipeline electromagnet 7 and a lower pipeline iron sheet 8. The upper pipeline sealing ring 9 and the lower pipeline sealing ring 10 are preferably made of Teflon material, and the sealing ring wraps the metal part of the pipeline port. The bottom thickness of the upper pipeline sealing ring 9 and the lower pipeline sealing ring 10 is preferably 1-5mm, and the side wall thickness of the upper pipeline sealing ring 9 and the lower pipeline sealing ring 10 is preferably 0.2-1mm. The diameter of the upper pipeline sealing ring 9 matches the diameter of the upper sampling pipeline 11, and the upper pipeline sealing ring 9 is sleeved on the end of the upper sampling pipeline 11; the diameter of the lower pipeline sealing ring 10 matches the diameter of the lower sampling pipeline 12, and the lower pipeline sealing ring 10 is sleeved on the front end of the lower sampling pipeline 12; the side of the upper pipeline sealing ring 9 is connected to the upper pipeline electromagnet 7, and the side of the lower pipeline sealing ring 10 is connected to the lower pipeline iron sheet 8; the particle belt sampling membrane 6 passes between the upper pipeline sealing ring 9 and the lower pipeline sealing ring 10. The top surface of the lower pipeline sealing ring 10 is located directly below the bottom surface of the upper pipeline sealing ring 9, and the bottom surface of the upper pipeline sealing ring 9 and the top surface of the lower pipeline sealing ring 10 are 1-5mm apart.

[0041] When the upper pipeline electromagnet 7 is energized, it becomes magnetic, causing the lower pipeline iron sheet 8 to be sucked upward, and then the lower pipeline sealing ring 10 connected to the side of the lower pipeline iron sheet 8 is also stretched and moved upward due to its elasticity. The particle strip sampling membrane 6 between the bottom surface of the upper pipeline sealing ring 9 and the top surface of the lower pipeline sealing ring 10 is lifted by the lower pipeline sealing ring 10 and moves upward until the upper pipeline sealing ring 9 and the lower pipeline sealing ring 10 simultaneously fit and clamp the particle strip sampling membrane 6 tightly.

[0042] The in-situ ionization and analysis component includes an in-situ ionization source 16 and a mass spectrometer 17. The in-situ ionization source 16 is used to ionize the particles collected on the particle belt sampling membrane; the in-situ ionization source 16 includes but is not limited to an electrospray ionization source or a plasma ionization source. The mass spectrometer 17 is used to absorb the ionized particles into the mass spectrometer injection port and detect the ionized particles.

[0043] Driven by the vacuum pump 14, the gas sample containing atmospheric particles first passes through the cutting head 13 (or the particle size screening instrument) to screen the particles of the required particle size, and then the airflow with the particles of the required particle size enters the upper sampling pipeline 11. At this time, the gas sampling mode is entered, the motor 5 is turned off, and the rotating wheel 2 and the winding core 2 4 stop rotating, and then the rotating wheel 1 and the winding core 1 3 also stop rotating, and the particle belt sampling membrane 6 also stops moving. The upper pipeline electromagnet 7 is energized and has magnetism, which sucks the lower pipeline iron sheet 8 upward, and the lower pipeline sealing ring 10 connected to the side of the lower pipeline iron sheet 8 is also moved upward, and then the particle belt sampling membrane 6 above the lower pipeline sealing ring 10 is lifted by the lower pipeline sealing ring 10 and moves upward until the particle belt sampling membrane 6 and the upper pipeline sealing ring 9 and the lower pipeline sealing ring 10 are tightly fitted and clamped. At this time, the upper sampling pipeline 11 and the lower sampling pipeline 12 are connected and sealed under the action of the sealing ring (upper pipeline sealing ring 9 and lower pipeline sealing ring 10). The air pump 14 draws the airflow carrying particulate matter through the particulate matter belt sampling membrane 6, and the atmospheric pollution particulate matter is collected by the particulate matter belt sampling membrane 6. After 30 minutes of sampling, the upper pipeline electromagnet 7 is disconnected and the electromagnetic property disappears, and the lower pipeline iron sheet 8 is separated and falls, and the sampling belt 6 originally sandwiched therein also falls back to the initial height. The motor 5 driving the second wheel to rotate is powered on, the second wheel 2 and the winding core 2 4 resume rotation, the first wheel 1 and the winding core 1 3 also resume rotation, and the sampling site containing particulate matter on the particulate matter belt sampling membrane 6 moves toward the second wheel 2 until the in-situ ionization and analysis component, that is, about 2 cm in front of the mass spectrometer injection port 15, at which time the motor 5 is powered off. The in-situ ionization source 16 and the mass spectrometer 17 are started to analyze the sampling site containing particulate matter. The charged organic solvent or plasma ejected from the in-situ ionization source 16 ionizes the material on the sampling belt 6, and the sample ions are then sucked into the mass spectrometer injection port 15 for subsequent detection in the mass spectrometer 17. At the same time, the upper pipeline electromagnet 7 is energized again, and the particles are sampled at another point of the sampling membrane, so that the particle sampling and analysis are performed simultaneously.

[0044] A method for real-time sampling and online analysis of atmospheric pollution particles, comprising the steps of:

[0045] S1) obtaining a gas sample containing atmospheric pollutant particles, screening the gas sample using a cutting head or a particle size screening instrument, and obtaining atmospheric particles of preset specifications after screening;

[0046] S2) energizing the electromagnet at the end of the upper sampling pipeline, and using an air pump to draw airflow carrying atmospheric particles of preset specifications to the particle belt sampling membrane;

[0047] S3) after a preset time, the electromagnet is powered off to obtain the atmospheric particulate matter on the sampling point of the particulate matter strip sampling membrane;

[0048] S4) starting the motor, setting the injection distance, and using the motor to move the atmospheric particulate matter on the sampling point of the particulate matter strip sampling membrane to the injection distance of the mass spectrometer injection port;

[0049] S5) when the atmospheric particulate matter reaches the injection distance of the mass spectrometer injection port, the motor is turned off, and the in-situ ionization source and the mass spectrometer are started;

[0050] S6) using the charged organic solvent or plasma ejected from the in-situ ionization source to ionize the particulate matter at the sampling point of the sampling belt to obtain ionized substances, sucking the ionized substances into the mass spectrometer injection port through a mass spectrometer, and detecting the ionized substances in the mass spectrometer;

[0051] S7) Repeat steps S1) to S6) in sequence, the electromagnet is energized again, and the particulate matter is sampled to another point on the particulate matter belt sampling membrane, thereby achieving simultaneous sampling and analysis of the particulate matter.

[0052] By adopting the above technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the following beneficial effects are obtained:

[0053] The present invention collects aerosol particles, i.e., atmospheric pollution particles, in air samples through a belt-shaped sampling device driven by a motor, and can perform continuous long-term sampling, thereby improving sample collection efficiency, simplifying operation steps, and eliminating the need for manual operation for a long time, and achieving high automation control efficiency. In addition, corresponding to different analysis targets, the present invention can flexibly switch to use different types of soft ionization sources, and can identify a variety of organic compound types and determine their contents.

[0054] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time sampling and online analysis device for atmospheric pollution particles, characterized in that: It includes a particulate matter collection component and an in-situ ionization and analysis component; The particulate matter collection component is used to collect atmospheric pollution particulate matter in real time and transmit the collected atmospheric pollution particulate matter to the in-situ ionization and analysis component; The particulate matter collection assembly includes a conveyor belt assembly, a gas sampling pipeline assembly and a sealed sampling assembly; the conveyor belt assembly includes a particulate matter belt sampling membrane, a motor, a first rotor and a second rotor; the motor is connected to the second rotor, the second rotor is tightly connected to the second winding core, the first rotor is tightly connected to the first winding core, and the second rotor is linked to the first rotor through the particulate matter belt sampling membrane; The gas sampling pipeline assembly includes a filter, an upper sampling pipeline, a lower sampling pipeline and an air pump; the filter is used to filter particles of different particle sizes, the filter is connected to the front end of the upper sampling pipeline, the air pump is connected to the end of the lower sampling pipeline, and the front end of the lower sampling pipeline is separated from the end of the upper sampling pipeline by a preset distance; The sealing sampling assembly comprises an upper pipeline sealing ring, a lower pipeline sealing ring, an upper pipeline electromagnet and a lower pipeline iron sheet. The diameter of the upper pipeline sealing ring matches the diameter of the upper sampling pipeline, and the upper pipeline sealing ring is sleeved on the end of the upper sampling pipeline; the diameter of the lower pipeline sealing ring matches the diameter of the lower sampling pipeline, and the lower pipeline sealing ring is sleeved on the front end of the lower sampling pipeline; the side surface of the upper pipeline sealing ring is connected to the upper pipeline electromagnet, and the side surface of the lower pipeline sealing ring is connected to the lower pipeline iron sheet; the particle belt sampling membrane passes between the upper pipeline sealing ring and the lower pipeline sealing ring; The filter is a cutting head or a particle size filter; The in-situ ionization and analysis component is used to ionize the atmospheric pollution particulate matter collected by the particulate matter collection component, and to perform online analysis on the ionized matter; The in-situ ionization and analysis component includes an in-situ ionization source and a mass spectrometer. The in-situ ionization source is used to ionize the particulate matter collected on the particulate matter belt sampling membrane; the mass spectrometer is used to absorb the ionized particulate matter into the mass spectrometer injection port and detect the ionized particulate matter; The in-situ ionization source is an electrospray ionization source or a plasma ionization source.

2. The real-time sampling and online analysis device for atmospheric pollution particles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom surface of the upper pipeline sealing ring is 1-5 mm away from the top surface of the lower pipeline sealing ring.

3. A method for real-time sampling and online analysis of atmospheric pollution particles, applicable to the real-time sampling and online analysis device for atmospheric pollution particles as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Includes steps: S1) obtaining a gas sample containing atmospheric pollutant particles, screening the gas sample using a cutting head or a particle size screening instrument, and obtaining atmospheric particles of preset specifications after screening; S2) energizing the electromagnet at the end of the upper sampling pipeline, and using an air pump to draw the airflow carrying the atmospheric particles of the preset specification to the particle belt sampling membrane; S3) after a preset time, the electromagnet is powered off to obtain the atmospheric particulate matter on the sampling point of the particulate matter strip sampling membrane; S4) starting the motor, setting the injection distance, and using the motor to move the atmospheric particulate matter on the sampling point of the particulate matter belt sampling membrane to the injection distance of the mass spectrometer injection port; S5) when the atmospheric particulate matter reaches the injection distance of the mass spectrometer injection port, the motor is turned off, and the in-situ ionization source and the mass spectrometer are started; S6) using the charged organic solvent or plasma ejected from the in-situ ionization source to ionize the particulate matter at the sampling point of the sampling belt to obtain ionized substances, sucking the ionized substances into the mass spectrometer injection port through a mass spectrometer, and detecting the ionized substances in the mass spectrometer; S7) repeats steps S1) to S6) in sequence, the electromagnet is energized again, and the particulate matter is sampled to another point on the particulate matter belt sampling membrane, thereby achieving simultaneous sampling and analysis of the particulate matter.

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