A device and method for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device and method for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness, belonging to the field of rail transit technology. The device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness of the present invention comprises a pedal, a sliding plate and a fixed plate assembly which are installed on the inner side of the track and are parallel to each other. The sliding plate is connected to the pedal and the fixed plate assembly through a slide rail mechanism, and an elastic element is connected between the sliding plate and the pedal; the sliding plate is also connected to the driving mechanism through a rocker transmission mechanism. The technical solution of the present invention can realize real-time dynamic detection of radial runout of train wheel treads, and its detection accuracy and the structural stability of the detection device are effectively improved compared with the existing detection mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rail transportation, and more specifically, relates to a device and method for accurately detecting abrasions and out-of-roundness of wheel treads. Background Art

[0002] During the operation of the train, there will be different degrees of wear, which will affect the safe operation of the wheels. The uneven wear will cause the wheel tread scratches and radial runout to cause the wheel tread to be out of round. The wheel tread out of round poses a serious threat to the safety of train operation, greatly increasing the dynamic effect of the train on the line and itself, and will also bring additional vibration and impact, reduce the critical speed of the train, and make the stability and comfort of the train worse. Therefore, the measurement of wheel tread out of roundness is of great significance to the safe operation of the train.

[0003] The detection methods of wheel out-of-roundness are mainly divided into static detection and dynamic monitoring. Static detection needs to be carried out when the train is stopped or the wheels are removed, which not only takes up the train's turnover time, but is also slow and labor-intensive. Dynamic monitoring can not only realize online monitoring of wheelsets, but also has a high degree of automation, does not take up vehicle turnover time, and is convenient for storing information. The dynamic monitoring methods currently used for out-of-roundness are vibration acceleration detection method and contact measurement method. Among them, the vibration acceleration detection method extracts the wheel out-of-roundness information by analyzing the vibration of the track when the entire train passes the detection point, but this method is affected by the sensor installation fixture and the vibration attenuation of the sleepers, and the measurement accuracy is not high.

[0004] The contact measurement method is typically the parallelogram method, such as the application number 200720082608.9, the invention name is: Lifting type wheel tread damage and out-of-roundness online dynamic detection device, and the application number 201210307496.8, the invention name is: A wheel tread damage and out-of-roundness online detection device. Both applications disclose online measurement methods and improvements of parallelogram structures. In the above applications, the displacement sensor is connected to a support fixed on a steel rail that constitutes one side of the parallelogram mechanism. The sensor can directly measure the change in relative height between the wheel tread and the wheel rim. The displacement sensor records the diameter of the entire tread circumference. When the tread is out-of-round, the sensor outputs a curve to derive the out-of-roundness. However, the above methods are not suitable for detection when a train passes at high speed, and their detection accuracy needs to be further improved. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above problems existing in the existing train wheel tread radial runout detection, and to provide a device and method for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness. The technical solution of the present invention can realize real-time dynamic detection of train wheel tread radial runout, and its detection accuracy and structural stability of the detection device are effectively improved compared with the existing detection mechanism.

[0007] 2. Technical solution

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0009] The present invention discloses a device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness, comprising a pedal, a sliding plate and a fixed plate assembly which are installed on the inner side of a track and are parallel to each other. The sliding plate is connected to the pedal and the fixed plate assembly through a slide rail mechanism, and an elastic element is connected between the sliding plate and the pedal. The sliding plate is also connected to a driving mechanism through a rocker transmission mechanism.

[0010] Furthermore, the rocker arm transmission mechanism includes an upper slider fixing plate, a rocker arm and a lower slider fixing plate, wherein the two ends of the rocker arm are rotatably connected to the upper slider fixing plate and the lower slider fixing plate respectively to form a parallelogram mechanism, the upper slider fixing plate is fixedly connected to the sliding plate, and the lower slider fixing plate is drivingly connected to the driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism drives the lower slider fixing plate to move in the horizontal direction.

[0011] Furthermore, the rocker transmission mechanism is slidably connected to the base plate assembly through a slide rail mechanism, and the base plate assembly is fixedly installed at the bottom of the track; the fixed plate assembly and the driving mechanism are both installed on the base plate assembly.

[0012] Furthermore, the driving mechanism uses a motor or a servo electric cylinder as a driving source.

[0013] Furthermore, the driving mechanism includes a driving motor, a lead screw and a lead screw nut, wherein the output shaft of the driving motor is fixedly connected to one end of the lead screw, the other end of the lead screw passes through the lead screw nut and is threadedly connected to the lead screw nut, and the lead screw nut is fixedly connected to the rocker transmission mechanism.

[0014] Furthermore, the end of the lead screw is also fixedly connected to the electromagnetic brake.

[0015] Furthermore, the fixed plate assembly includes a main fixed plate, end fixed plates located at both ends of the main fixed plate, and an upper sealing plate located on the top of the main fixed plate. The main fixed plate, the end fixed plates and the upper sealing plate together form a box-type structure; further, an intermediate fixed plate is also provided between the pedal and the sliding plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the slide rail mechanism between the sliding plate and the pedal is installed obliquely relative to the sliding plate, and the slide rail mechanism between the sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly is installed vertically relative to the sliding plate; a displacement sensing plate is fixed on the pedal, and a fixed displacement sensor is correspondingly provided above or below the displacement sensing plate.

[0017] Furthermore, the elastic element adopts a spring; further, the elastic element adopts a compression spring structure, which is fixedly mounted on the sliding plate through an elastic element support, and the pedal is correspondingly provided with an elastic element support plate that acts on the piston rod end of the elastic element, and an elastic element adjustment plate is also fixed on the sliding plate, and the elastic element adjustment plate is provided with a top screw and a nut, and the top screw is installed opposite to the top surface of the elastic element support plate.

[0018] A method for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness of the present invention adopts the detection device of the present invention, and the detection process is as follows:

[0019] Step 1: Adjust the pedal height: According to the wheel rim height of the train wheel to be tested, the driving mechanism drives the swing rod transmission mechanism to swing, thereby driving the sliding plate to move up and down. At this time, there is no relative movement between the pedal and the sliding plate, and the pedal moves up and down synchronously with the sliding plate. When the pedal is lifted to the specified position, the driving mechanism stops working;

[0020] Step 2: Wheel radial runout detection: When the wheel presses on the pedal, the pedal is pressed down by the wheel rim, resulting in a downward displacement along the slide rail. During the pedal descent, the sliding plate remains stationary relative to the fixed plate assembly under the action of the driving mechanism. At this time, the displacement sensor generates a relative displacement relative to the displacement sensing plate. The displacement of the pedal assembly pressed down by the wheel rim when the wheel passes by is obtained through conversion. The radial runout of the train wheel tread can be obtained by processing the data collected by the displacement sensor within the entire wheel tread circumference.

[0021] Step 3: When the wheel leaves, the pedal returns to its initial position under the action of the elastic element; at this time, the drive mechanism continues to start working, and the drive pedal descends to a specified position, where the wheel rim cannot press the pedal no matter how high the wheel rim is passing by.

[0022] 3. Beneficial effects

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following significant effects:

[0024] (1) The present invention provides a device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness, comprising a pedal, a sliding plate and a fixed plate assembly which are installed on the inner side of a track and are parallel to each other, wherein the sliding plate is connected to a driving mechanism via a rocker transmission mechanism. When the wheel passes over the pedal surface, the pedal moves downward along the slide rail mechanism relative to the sliding plate. At this time, the sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly remain relatively still. By measuring the change in the downward displacement of the pedal relative to the sliding plate over the entire circumference of the train wheel, the radial runout of the train wheel tread can be dynamically measured online, thereby greatly improving the measurement efficiency. In addition, the measurement accuracy and the structural stability of the entire measuring device are significantly improved compared with the existing parallelogram measuring mechanism.

[0025] (2) The device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness of the present invention has an elastic element connected between the sliding plate and the pedal, and the pedal can automatically return to its initial position under the restoring force of the elastic element when the wheel leaves. At the same time, the sliding plate is connected to the driving mechanism through a rocker transmission mechanism. Before the train arrives, the driving mechanism drives the sliding plate to move up and down, so that the pedal and the sliding plate can be synchronously raised and lowered under the action of the elastic element, and the initial height of the pedal can be adjusted to meet the measurement requirements of wheels with different wheel rim heights, prevent the wheel from causing a large impact on the pedal, and help ensure the measurement accuracy.

[0026] (3) The present invention is a device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness. The rocker transmission mechanism includes an upper slider fixing plate, a rocker and a lower slider fixing plate. The present invention uses a rocker transmission mechanism to drive the lower slider fixing plate to move left and right in the horizontal direction by a driving mechanism, so that the sliding plate can be lifted and lowered in the vertical direction. This is beneficial to ensure the smoothness of the lifting and lowering movement of the sliding plate and effectively prevent the sliding plate from tilting when the wheel presses over the pedal. On the other hand, it can also effectively save the installation space of the driving mechanism and directly convert the horizontal movement of the output end of the driving mechanism into the lifting and lowering movement of the sliding plate.

[0027] (4) The present invention is a device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness, wherein the driving mechanism includes a driving motor, a lead screw and a lead screw nut. The motor drives the lead screw to rotate, causing the lead screw nut to move horizontally along the lead screw axis, thereby driving the movement of the rocker transmission mechanism. The sliding plate can be raised and lowered by means of the swing of the rocker transmission mechanism.

[0028] (5) The present invention is a device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness, wherein the end of the lead screw is also fixedly connected to the electromagnetic brake. When the motor is driven, the electromagnetic brake opens the brake, and the motor can smoothly move the sliding plate up and down; and when the wheel presses on the pedal, the motor remains stationary, and the electromagnetic brake works to maintain the brake, thereby ensuring that the lead screw nut does not move horizontally, thereby preventing the sliding plate from being displaced up and down under the rolling action of the wheel and affecting the accuracy of the measurement result.

[0029] (6) The device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness of the present invention, the fixing plate assembly includes a main fixing plate, end fixing plates located at both ends of the main fixing plate, and an upper sealing plate located at the top of the main fixing plate, the main fixing plate, the end fixing plates and the upper sealing plate together surround to form a box-type structure, thereby further improving the structural strength and stability of the entire detection device and the stability of the relative movement between the sliding plate and the pedal and the fixing plate assembly. An intermediate fixing plate is also provided between the sliding plate and the pedal, thereby further improving the structural stability of the device.

[0030] (7) The present invention is a device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness, wherein the slide rail mechanism between the sliding plate and the pedal is installed obliquely relative to the sliding plate, and the slide rail mechanism between the sliding plate and the fixed plate assembly is installed vertically relative to the sliding plate, thereby further improving the stability of the structure and operation of the entire measuring device, and effectively reducing the impact of the wheel on the detection device, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the measurement result. A displacement sensing plate is fixed on the pedal of the present invention, and a fixed displacement sensor is correspondingly provided above or below the displacement sensing plate. The radial runout of the wheel can be directly obtained by processing the change data of the distance between the displacement sensor and the displacement sensing plate.

[0031] (8) The method for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness of the present invention optimizes the structure of the online dynamic detection device, thereby enabling real-time online dynamic detection of wheel radial runout, and its detection efficiency and detection accuracy are improved compared to the existing detection device. In addition, by adopting the method of the present invention, the initial height of the pedal assembly can be adjusted according to the wheel rim height of the train wheel, thereby meeting the detection requirements of wheels with different wheel rim heights, and effectively reducing the impact generated when the train wheel is pressed over. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 The overall structure schematic diagram of a device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the fixing plate assembly of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness of the present invention (I);

[0035] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness of the present invention (II);

[0036] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sliding plate lifting drive and transmission mechanism of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the base plate assembly of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the lifting drive mechanism of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spiral tension spring of the present invention;

[0040] Fig. 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the spring pin of the present invention.

[0041] Explanation of the symbols in the schematic diagram:

[0042] 1. Track; 2. Pedal; 3. Sliding plate; 4. Fixed plate assembly; 401. Main fixed plate; 402. End fixed plate; 403. Upper sealing plate; 404. Intermediate fixed plate; 5. Bottom plate assembly; 501. Bottom support plate; 502. First track pressure plate; 503. Pressure plate bolt; 504. Pressure plate nut; 505. Tie rod bolt; 506. Fixing ear; 507. Reinforcement rib; 508. Second track pressure plate; 6. Driving mechanism; 601. Driving motor; 602. Motor mounting seat; 603. Lead screw; 604. Lead screw nut; 605. Lead screw fixing seat; 701 , first slide rail; 702, second slide rail; 703, third slide rail; 704, fourth slide rail; 8, elastic element; 801, elastic element support; 802, elastic element adjustment plate; 803, elastic element support plate; 804, spring pin; 805, hook groove; 901, displacement sensor; 902, sensor mounting seat; 903, displacement sensing plate; 10, rocker transmission mechanism; 1001, upper slider fixing plate; 1002, rocker; 1003, lower slider fixing plate; 1004, slider; 1005, guide rail; 1006; nut connecting rod; 11, electromagnetic brake. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to further understand the content of the present invention, the present invention is now described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] Combination Figure 1-Figure 5 The device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness of the present embodiment includes a pedal 2, a sliding plate 3 and a fixed plate assembly 4 which are installed on the inner side of a track 1 and are parallel to each other. The sliding plate 3 is connected to the pedal 2 and the fixed plate assembly 4 through a slide rail mechanism, and an elastic element 8 is connected between the sliding plate 3 and the pedal 2; the sliding plate 3 is also connected to the driving mechanism 6 through a rocker transmission mechanism 10.

[0046] The train wheel consists of a tread part and a rim part. The tread is worn out of round due to long-term contact with the track, while the rim does not contact other objects and remains a standard circle. Therefore, when the wheel tread contacts the rail at different positions, the distance from the rim vertex to the rail top surface is different. In this embodiment, a pedal 2 is installed on the track. When the wheel passes, the top surface of the pedal 2 always keeps in contact with the rim vertex. The pedal 2 generates a downward displacement under the pressure of the wheel rim, and the displacement varies with the different contact points between the tread and the track. By collecting the changes in the displacement of the pedal 2 during the wheel passing through the pedal 2, the out-of-round situation of the wheel tread can be described.

[0047] Because in actual use, the wheel rim heights of all wheels on a train will be different, the pedal 2 will be higher than the wheel rim by a certain value as the preload during measurement. The preload value cannot be too large, otherwise the wheel will seriously hit the pedal 2, causing damage to the pedal 2 and reducing the measurement accuracy; the preload value cannot be too small, otherwise the wheel rim will not be able to press the pedal 2, resulting in no data detection. In this embodiment, through the split structural design of the pedal 2, the sliding plate 3 and the fixed plate assembly 4, and the action of the driving mechanism 6, the wheel tread defects can be measured and the initial height of the pedal 2 can be adjusted, thereby meeting the measurement requirements of wheels with different wheel rim heights, reducing the greater impact of the wheel on the pedal 2, and ensuring the measurement accuracy. Specifically, before the train arrives, according to the wheel rim height of the train wheel to be measured, the driving mechanism 6 drives the swing rod transmission mechanism 10 to swing, thereby driving the sliding plate 3 to rise and fall relative to the fixed plate assembly 4, and under the action of the elastic element 8, the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3 are synchronously lifted and lowered, thereby realizing the adjustment of the initial height of the pedal assembly 2. When the height of the pedal 2 reaches the set value, the driving mechanism 6 stops working.

[0048] When the train wheel presses on the pedal 2, the pedal 2 moves downward along the slide rail mechanism relative to the sliding plate 3 under the rolling action of the wheel. At this time, the sliding plate 3 does not slide relative to the fixed plate assembly 4 under the support of the driving mechanism 6; and when the train wheel leaves the pedal 2, the pedal 2 gradually and automatically moves upward along the slide rail mechanism relative to the sliding plate 3 under the restoring force of the elastic element 8. By processing the downward displacement data of the pedal 2, the radial runout, tread scratch and wear data of the train wheel tread can be obtained, realizing the online dynamic measurement of the train wheel defects and greatly improving the measurement efficiency. This embodiment optimizes the structure of the detection device, guides the movement of the pedal 2 with the help of the slide rail mechanism, and makes it perform a restoring motion through the action of the elastic element 8, so that the structural stability and measurement accuracy of the measurement device are effectively improved compared with the existing parallelogram measurement mechanism.

[0049] Specifically, if there is no scratch on the wheel tread, the vertical position relative to the rail within the entire tread circumference remains unchanged, and the downward displacement of the pedal 2 remains unchanged; on the contrary, if there is scratch or uneven wear on the wheel tread, the relative height from the tread to the top of the wheel rim changes, and the vertical position of the pedal 2 and the rail also changes relatively. At this time, the change in the vertical height of the pedal 2 is the amount of scratch. At the same time, the downward displacement of the pedal 2 at this time is compared with that of a new wheel without wear, and the wear amount of the wheel tread can be obtained. In this embodiment, a displacement sensing plate 903 is fixed on the pedal 2, and a fixed displacement sensor 901 is correspondingly provided above or below the displacement sensing plate 903. When the wheel presses on the pedal 2, the displacement sensing plate 903 rises and falls synchronously with the pedal 2, and the displacement sensor 901 remains fixed. The radial runout of the wheel tread can be directly obtained by the displacement change between the displacement sensor 901 and the displacement sensing plate 903 during the wheel rolling process.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] The present embodiment is a device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness, and its structure is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, and its main difference is that: Figure 3 , Figure 5As shown, the swing rod transmission mechanism 10 of this embodiment includes an upper slider fixing plate 1001, a swing rod 1002 and a lower slider fixing plate 1003, wherein the two ends of a plurality of parallel swing rods 1002 are respectively connected to the upper slider fixing plate 1001 and the lower slider fixing plate 1003 for rotation and form a parallelogram mechanism (in this embodiment, the two ends of the swing rod 1002 are respectively installed with bearings, and the upper slider fixing plate 1001 and the lower slider fixing plate 1003 are respectively fixed with bearing pins matching the above bearings, so as to realize the rotation connection between the swing rod 1002 and the upper slider fixing plate 1001 and the lower slider fixing plate 1003). The upper slider fixing plate 1001 is fixedly connected to the sliding plate 3, and the lower slider fixing plate 1003 is connected to the driving mechanism 6 for driving. The lower slider fixing plate 1003 is driven by the driving mechanism 6 to move in the horizontal direction, and the upper slider fixing plate 1001 will move up and down under the action of the swing rod 1002, thereby driving the sliding plate 3 and the pedal 2 to move up and down synchronously. This embodiment sets up a rocker transmission mechanism and optimizes its structure, which, on the one hand, helps to ensure the smoothness of the lifting movement of the sliding plate 3 and effectively prevents the sliding plate 3 from tilting when the wheel passes over the pedal 2. On the other hand, it can also effectively save the installation space of the driving mechanism 6 and directly convert the horizontal movement of the output end of the driving mechanism 6 into the lifting movement of the sliding plate 3.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] The present embodiment is a device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness, and its structure is basically the same as that of the second embodiment, and the difference lies mainly in that the rocker transmission mechanism 10 of the present embodiment is slidably connected with the bottom plate assembly 5 through the slide rail mechanism, the bottom plate assembly 5 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the track 1, and the fixed plate assembly 4 and the driving mechanism 6 are both installed on the bottom plate assembly 5. Specifically, the slide rail mechanism includes a slider 1004 and a guide rail 1005, wherein the guide rail 1005 is fixedly installed on the bottom plate assembly 5, and the sliders are fixedly installed at intervals at the bottom of the lower slider fixing plate 1003. When the driving mechanism 6 is working, the lower slider fixing plate 1003 is driven to move horizontally along the linear guide rail 1005, so as to ensure the stability of the movement of the rocker transmission mechanism 10.

[0054] Example 4

[0055] The present embodiment is a device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness, and its structure is basically the same as that of the embodiment 3, and its main difference is that: Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 7The bottom plate assembly 5 of this embodiment includes a bottom support plate 501, on which a first track pressure plate 502 and a second track pressure plate 508 are provided. The first track pressure plate 502 is fixedly connected to the bottom support plate 501 by a pressure plate bolt 503, and the two sides of the bottom of the track 1 are respectively pressed and fixed between the first track pressure plate 502, the second track pressure plate 508 and the bottom support plate 501; the bottom support plate 501 is also provided with a pressure plate nut 504, on which a bite shape that imitates the bottom side of the track 1 is processed, and the pressure plate nut 504 is fixedly connected to the fixing ear 506 at the bottom of the bottom support plate 501 by a pull rod bolt 505. When the tie rod bolt 505 fastens the pressure plate nut 504 through the fixing ear 506, the bite distance between the pressure plate nut 504 and the second rail pressure plate 508 is reduced, so that the bottom plate assembly 5 is tightly fixed to the rail; and then the bottom support plate 501 is further connected and fastened to the rail through the pressure plate bolt 503 and the first rail pressure plate 502. In this embodiment, reinforcing ribs 507 are also provided on both sides of the bottom support plate 501. The bottom support plate 501 and the reinforcing ribs 507 are integrated and can be cast or welded to ensure the rigidity of the entire mechanism to meet the measurement accuracy requirements of the entire mechanism.

[0056] Example 5

[0057] The present embodiment is a device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness, and its structure is basically the same as that of the fourth embodiment, and its main difference is that: Figure 3 , 4 As shown, the slide rail mechanism between the sliding plate 3 and the pedal 2 and the fixed plate assembly 4 includes a slider and a guide rail that cooperate with each other. In this embodiment, the pedal 2 and the fixed plate assembly 4 are respectively fixedly mounted with sliders, and the sliding plate 3 is correspondingly provided with a guide rail that slidably cooperates with the above-mentioned sliders, wherein the slide rail mechanism between the sliding plate 3 and the fixed plate assembly 4 is vertically installed relative to the sliding plate 3, and the slide rail mechanism between the sliding plate 3 and the pedal 2 is tiltedly installed relative to the sliding plate 3, which is beneficial to improve the structural stability of the entire device and effectively reduce the impact of the wheel on the measuring device.

[0058] Example 6

[0059] The device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness in this embodiment has a structure similar to that in Embodiment 5, except that the driving mechanism 6 is driven by a motor. Figure 5 , Figure 7As shown, the driving mechanism 6 of this embodiment includes a driving motor 601, a lead screw 603 and a lead screw nut 604, wherein the driving motor 601 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the bottom support plate 501 through a motor mounting seat 602, and its output shaft is fixedly connected to one end of the lead screw 603 through a coupling, and the other end of the lead screw 603 passes through the lead screw nut 604 and is threadedly connected to the lead screw nut 604, and a lead screw fixing seat 605 is also fixed on the bottom support plate 501, and the lead screw 603 passes through the lead screw fixing seat 605 and is connected to the motor output shaft. The lead screw nut 604 is fixedly connected to the lower slider fixing plate 1003 of the rocker transmission mechanism 10 through a nut connecting rod 1006. In this embodiment, the lower end of the nut connecting rod 1006 is fixedly mounted on the surface of the lead screw nut 604, and the upper end thereof passes through the bottom support plate 501 and is fixedly connected to the lower slider fixing plate 1003. When the motor rotates, the lead screw 603 is driven to rotate, and the lead screw nut 604 will move back and forth along the horizontal direction with the nut connecting rod 1006 and the lower slider fixing plate 1003, thereby realizing the up and down movement of the sliding plate 3. It should be noted that the driving mechanism 6 is not limited to the specific structure of this embodiment, as long as it can realize the horizontal movement of the lower slider fixing plate 1003, for example, a servo electric cylinder is used to directly replace the driving motor 601 of this embodiment, and the cylinder rod of the servo electric cylinder is fixedly connected to the nut connecting rod 1006.

[0060] Example 7

[0061] The present embodiment is a device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness, and its structure is basically the same as that of Embodiment 6, with the main difference being that in the present embodiment, the end of the lead screw 603 is also fixedly connected to the electromagnetic brake 11, and the electromagnetic brake 11 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the bottom support plate 501.

[0062] Due to the needs of the system, when the wheel presses on the pedal 2, the force borne by the pedal 2 at this time will be transmitted to the sliding plate 3 through the elastic element 8. If the sliding plate 3 is displaced, the measurement will be affected, and even the displacement sensor cannot measure the data. At this time, it is particularly important for the sliding plate 3 to keep its position. In this embodiment, an electromagnetic brake 11 is installed at the end of the screw 603. When the motor is driven, the electromagnetic brake 11 opens the brake, and the motor can smoothly move the sliding plate 3 up and down. When the wheel presses on the pedal 2, the motor remains stationary, and the electromagnetic brake 11 keeps braking, thereby ensuring that the screw nut 604 does not move horizontally, and the sliding plate 3 does not move up and down, thereby ensuring the measurement accuracy.

[0063] Example 8

[0064] The present embodiment is a device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness, and its structure is basically the same as that of the embodiment 7, and its main difference is that: Figure 2The fixed plate assembly 4 of this embodiment includes a main fixed plate 401, end fixed plates 402 located at both ends of the main fixed plate 401, and an upper sealing plate 403 located at the top of the main fixed plate 401. The main fixed plate 401, the end fixed plate 402 and the upper sealing plate 403 are surrounded together to form a box-type structure. The sliding plate 3 is slidably connected to the pedal 2 through the first slide rail 701, is slidably connected to the main fixed plate 401 through the second slide rail 702, and is slidably connected to the end fixed plate 402 through the third slide rail 703, so that the stability of the entire device structure and the stability of the sliding plate when moving up and down can be further improved, which is conducive to ensuring the measurement accuracy. Furthermore, an intermediate fixed plate 404 is also provided between the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3, and the sliding plate 3 is slidably connected to the intermediate fixed plate 404 through the fourth slide rail 704. The main fixed plate 401, the end fixed plate 402, the upper sealing plate 403 and the intermediate fixed plate 404 are surrounded together to form a relatively closed box-type structure, and the sliding plate 3 is installed inside the box-type fixed plate assembly. In this embodiment, the displacement sensor 901 is fixedly mounted on the upper sealing plate 403 through a sensor mounting seat 902, and the sensor mounting seat 902 is processed into a C-shaped structure.

[0065] Example 9

[0066] The device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness in this embodiment has a structure similar to that in Embodiment 7, except that the elastic element 8 may be a spring. Figure 4 As shown, the elastic element 8 of this embodiment adopts a compression spring structure, which is fixedly mounted on the sliding plate 3 through an elastic element support 801 (a mounting hole with the same diameter as the elastic element is processed on the elastic element support 801), and the pedal 2 is correspondingly provided with an elastic element support plate 803 that acts on the piston rod end of the elastic element 8. The elastic element support plate 803 of this embodiment is processed into a Z shape. In this embodiment, an elastic element adjustment plate 802 is also fixed on the sliding plate 3. The elastic element adjustment plate 802 is L-shaped and fixed to the sliding plate 3 with bolts. A threaded hole is processed on the elastic element adjustment plate 802. A top screw passes through the threaded hole and presses on the elastic element support plate 803 of the pedal, that is, the top screw is used to adjust the spring preload. After adjusting to a predetermined position, a nut is used to tighten the top screw.

[0067] When using Figure 8 When the helical tension spring is used as the elastic element, a spring pin 804 is fixed on the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3. Fig. 9 As shown, both ends of the coil tension spring are provided with spring hooks, and the spring pin 804 is processed with a hook groove 805 corresponding to the spring hook, and the two ends of the coil tension spring are fixedly mounted on the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3 respectively through the spring hooks.

[0068] A method for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness in this embodiment uses the device of this embodiment, and the detection process is as follows:

[0069] Step 1: Adjust the pedal height: According to the wheel rim height of the train wheel to be detected, the driving mechanism 6 drives the swing rod transmission mechanism 10 to swing, thereby driving the sliding plate 3 to move up and down. At this time, there is no relative movement between the pedal 2 and the sliding plate 3, and the pedal 2 moves up and down synchronously with the sliding plate 3. When the pedal 2 is lifted to the specified position, the driving mechanism 6 stops working;

[0070] Step 2: Wheel radial runout detection: When the wheel presses on the pedal 2, the pedal 2 is pressed down by the wheel rim, resulting in a downward displacement along the slide rail. During the descending process of the pedal 2, the sliding plate 3 remains stationary relative to the fixed plate assembly 4 under the action of the driving mechanism 6. At this time, the displacement sensor 901 generates a relative displacement relative to the displacement sensing plate 903. The displacement of the pedal 2 pressed down by the wheel rim when the wheel passes by is obtained through conversion. By processing the data collected by the displacement sensor 901 within the entire wheel tread circumference, the radial runout of the train wheel tread can be obtained.

[0071] Step 3, when the wheel leaves, the pedal 2 returns to its initial position under the action of the elastic element 8; at this time, the driving mechanism 6 continues to start working, driving the pedal 2 to descend to the specified position, at which position the wheel rim cannot press on the pedal 2 regardless of the height of the wheel rim passing by.

[0072] The present invention and its embodiments are described schematically above, and the description is not restrictive. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if a person skilled in the art is inspired by it and designs a structural method and an embodiment similar to the technical solution without creativity without departing from the purpose of the invention, they shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness, characterized in that: The invention comprises a pedal (2), a sliding plate (3) and a fixed plate assembly (4) installed on the inner side of a track (1), wherein the pedal (2), the sliding plate (3) and the fixed plate assembly (4) are parallel to each other, the sliding plate (3) and the pedal (2) and the fixed plate assembly (4) are all connected via a slide rail mechanism, and an elastic element (8) is connected between the sliding plate (3) and the pedal (2); the sliding plate (3) is also connected to a driving mechanism (6) via a rocker transmission mechanism (10); the driving mechanism (6) is used to drive the sliding plate (3) to perform lifting movement, so as to drive the pedal (2) to perform synchronous lifting and lowering under the action of the elastic element (8); The rocker transmission mechanism (10) comprises an upper slider fixing plate (1001), a rocker (1002) and a lower slider fixing plate (1003), wherein two ends of the rocker (1002) are rotatably connected to the upper slider fixing plate (1001) and the lower slider fixing plate (1003) respectively to form a parallelogram mechanism, the upper slider fixing plate (1001) is fixedly connected to the sliding plate (3), and the lower slider fixing plate (1003) is drivingly connected to the driving mechanism (6).

2. The device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rocker transmission mechanism (10) is slidably connected to the base plate assembly (5) via a slide rail mechanism, and the base plate assembly (5) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the track (1); the fixed plate assembly (4) and the driving mechanism (6) are both mounted on the base plate assembly (5).

3. A device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The driving mechanism (6) uses a motor or a servo electric cylinder as a driving source.

4. A device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The driving mechanism (6) comprises a driving motor (601), a lead screw (603) and a lead screw nut (604), wherein the output shaft of the driving motor (601) is fixedly connected to one end of the lead screw (603), the other end of the lead screw (603) passes through the lead screw nut (604) and is threadedly connected to the lead screw nut (604), and the lead screw nut (604) is fixedly connected to the rocker transmission mechanism (10).

5. The device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness according to claim 4, characterized in that: The end of the lead screw (603) is also fixedly connected to the electromagnetic brake (11).

6. A device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The fixing plate assembly (4) comprises a main fixing plate (401), end fixing plates (402) located at both ends of the main fixing plate (401), and an upper sealing plate (403) located at the top of the main fixing plate (401); the main fixing plate (401), the end fixing plates (402), and the upper sealing plate (403) together form a box-type structure; an intermediate fixing plate (404) is also provided between the pedal (2) and the sliding plate (3).

7. A device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The slide rail mechanism between the sliding plate (3) and the pedal (2) is installed obliquely relative to the sliding plate (3), and the slide rail mechanism between the sliding plate (3) and the fixed plate assembly (4) is installed vertically relative to the sliding plate (3); a displacement sensing plate (903) is fixed on the pedal (2), and a fixed displacement sensor (901) is correspondingly provided above or below the displacement sensing plate (903).

8. A device for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The elastic element (8) is a spring fixedly mounted on the sliding plate (3); the pedal (2) is provided with an elastic element support plate (803) corresponding to the end of the piston rod of the elastic element (8); the sliding plate (3) is also fixed with an elastic element adjustment plate (802), and a threaded hole is machined on the elastic element adjustment plate (802), and a top screw passes through the threaded hole and is pressed against the elastic element support plate (803).

9. A method for accurately detecting wheel tread scratches and out-of-roundness, characterized in that: Using the device described in any one of claims 1 to 8, the detection process is: Step 1: Adjusting the pedal height: According to the wheel rim height of the train wheel to be inspected, the driving mechanism (6) drives the swing rod transmission mechanism (10) to swing, thereby driving the sliding plate (3) to move up and down. At this time, there is no relative movement between the pedal (2) and the sliding plate (3), and the pedal (2) moves up and down synchronously with the sliding plate (3). When the pedal (2) moves up and down to a specified position, the driving mechanism (6) stops working; Step 2: Wheel radial runout detection: When the wheel presses on the pedal (2), the pedal (2) is pressed down by the wheel rim, resulting in a downward displacement along the slide rail direction. During the process of the pedal (2) descending, the sliding plate (3) remains stationary relative to the fixed plate assembly (4) under the action of the driving mechanism (6). At this time, the displacement sensor (901) generates a relative displacement relative to the displacement sensing plate (903). The displacement of the pedal (2) pressed down by the wheel rim when the wheel passes by is obtained through conversion. By processing the data collected by the displacement sensor (901) within the entire wheel tread circumference, the radial runout of the train wheel tread can be obtained. The displacement sensing plate (903) is fixedly mounted on the pedal (2), and a fixedly mounted displacement sensor (901) is correspondingly provided above or below the displacement sensing plate (903); Step 3: When the wheel leaves, the pedal (2) returns to its initial position under the action of the elastic element (8); at this time, the drive mechanism (6) continues to start working, driving the pedal (2) to descend to a specified position, at which the wheel rim cannot press on the pedal (2) regardless of the height of the wheel rim of the wheel passing by.

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