Straw chopping and returning device

Abstract

The invention discloses a straw chopping and returning device for fields, wherein the initial cutters of each section of the device are arranged in sequence according to the working order of the engine with a circumferential phase difference of , and the two initial cutters arranged in sequence according to the working order of the engine are not in adjacent sections, and at the same time, the cutters in each section are evenly distributed in the axial and circumferential directions of a rotating cutter roller, and the circumferential phase difference of adjacent cutters in each section is such that the cutters can cut the straw symmetrically and staggeredly, thereby avoiding the chopped straw being transported to one side and the occurrence of uneven cutter wear, improving the cutter chopping performance, improving the overall chopping effect of the straw and the uniformity of the straw scattering and returning to the field, reducing the vibration amplitude of the cutter roller, and at the same time ensuring the stable operation of the rotating cutter roller, and extending the service life of the rotating cutter roller and the bearings at both ends.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural equipment, and particularly relates to a straw chopping and returning device to the field. Background Art

[0002] In today's world, energy, materials, and the ecological environment are crucial factors influencing the survival and development of human society. Crop straw refers to the roots, stems, and other waste left after the harvest of rice, wheat, and other crops. my country produces approximately 800 million tons of straw annually, accounting for approximately 30% of the world's total straw output, ranking first in the world. Straw primarily comes from crops like rice, wheat, and corn. Because crop straw contains various mineral nutrients and organic matter essential for crop growth, returning it to the fields can effectively increase soil organic matter, improve soil structure, enhance soil fertility, promote microbial activity and crop growth, and ultimately increase crop yields and incomes. Furthermore, returning straw to the fields can reduce environmental pollution caused by straw burning and excessive fertilizer use, making it an important environmentally friendly technology. Therefore, research and development of mechanized crop straw returning technology and related machinery has become a crucial research topic for the healthy development of Chinese agriculture.

[0003] Current straw chopping and returning machines generally use hammer claw or cutter type working parts to chop straw. The straw is sucked into the chopping chamber under the action of negative pressure at the feed inlet, and the straw is chopped by the high-speed rotation of the chopping knife. Finally, the chopped straw is thrown out of the chopping chamber by the airflow and evenly scattered on the ground. The arrangement of the cutters generally adopts a spiral arrangement. Although this arrangement has the advantages of simple structure, uniform force on the chopping roller, and reduced vibration of the machine, because the spiral lines of the cutters on the same side have the same rotation direction, there are usually problems such as the chopped straw being transported to one side, cutter wear and uneven straw scattering, and poor working stability of the cutter roller during operation. In order to eliminate the shortcomings of existing straw chopping and returning machines, it is necessary to design a new type of rice and wheat straw chopping and returning device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a straw chopping and returning device for the field. The straw chopping and returning device is used to improve the smooth operation of the knife roller, prevent the straw from moving to one side and wrapping around the knife roller, improve the overall chopping effect and uniformity of the straw scattering and returning to the field, reduce the vibration amplitude of the knife roller, and extend the service life of the tool.

[0005] Technical solution: The straw chopping and returning device described in the present invention comprises a chopping chamber shell, a rotating knife roller arranged inside the chopping chamber shell, and a plurality of knives arranged on the surface of the rotating knife roller; the direction from one end of the rotating knife roller to the other end is the positive direction, and the spacing between adjacent knives in the positive direction is the same; the rotating knife roller is divided into a plurality of sections along the positive direction, and the number of knives arranged in each section is the same. The knives in each section are arranged in sequence along the positive direction, and the initial knives in each section are arranged in sequence according to the engine working order. The circumferential phase difference is The two initial cutters arranged in the order of engine power generation are not in adjacent segments, where m is the number of equally divided segments; the cutters in each segment are evenly distributed on the circumference of the rotating cutter roller, and the circumferential phase difference between adjacent cutters in each segment is Where n is the number of tools in each section.

[0006] The rotating blade roller is provided with a plurality of flow-disturbing parts at intervals along the positive direction, and the intervals between two adjacent flow-disturbing parts are the same.

[0007] The flow-disturbing part includes a plurality of flow-disturbing blades uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotating cutter roller, and the flow-disturbing blades of different flow-disturbing parts are aligned with each other in the axial direction of the rotating cutter roller.

[0008] The shredding chamber shell includes an arc-shaped cover shell and side plates fixed to both ends of the arc-shaped cover shell; a plurality of fixed knives are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the arc-shaped cover shell along the positive direction.

[0009] In the positive direction, the fixed knife and the cutting tool are arranged at intervals from each other.

[0010] The tool includes a tool holder and a tool group installed on the tool holder; the tool group includes a straight knife and two L-improved curved knives, the straight knife protrudes outward along the radial direction of the rotating knife roller, and the two L-improved curved knives are respectively arranged on both sides of the straight knife and are respectively bent toward the fixed knife direction on both sides.

[0011] It also includes a driving device, which includes rolling bearings arranged on two side plates, a rotating shaft passing through the rolling bearings and connected to both ends of the rotating knife roller, and a belt pulley connected to the outer end of the rotating shaft.

[0012] Wherein, it also includes a grass cleaning knife, which is fixed on the rotating shaft and located between the rotating knife roller and the side plate.

[0013] The grass cleaning knife includes four blades, and the four blades are evenly distributed at 90 degrees around the rotation axis.

[0014] Beneficial effect: The initial cutters of each section of the straw chopping and returning device are arranged in the order of engine working, and the circumferential phase difference is The two initial cutters arranged in the order of engine power generation are not in adjacent sections. At the same time, the cutters in each section are evenly distributed in the axial and circumferential directions of the rotating cutter roller, and the circumferential phase difference of adjacent cutters in each section is The cutter can cut the straw symmetrically and staggeredly on the left and right, avoiding the phenomenon of chopped straw being transported to one side and uneven wear of the cutter, improving the cutter chopping performance, improving the overall chopping effect of the straw and the uniformity of scattering and returning to the field, reducing the vibration amplitude of the cutter roller, and at the same time ensuring the smooth operation of the rotating cutter roller, extending the service life of the rotating cutter roller and the bearings at both ends. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a perspective structural diagram of the straw chopping and returning device of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the distribution of 24 sets of cutting tools on the unfolded plane of the rotating cutting roller in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the distribution of 36 groups of cutting tools on the unfolded plane of the rotating cutter roller in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, a straw chopping and returning device includes a chopping chamber shell, a rotating knife roller 14 arranged inside the chopping chamber shell, a plurality of knives arranged on the surface of the rotating knife roller 14, a driving device for driving the rotating knife roller 14 to rotate, a spoiler part, and a grass cleaning knife 4.

[0019] Among them, the shredding chamber shell includes an arc-shaped cover shell 7 and side plates 1 welded and fixed at both ends of the arc-shaped cover shell 7. Fixed knives 6 pointing to the rotating knife roller 14 are evenly arranged axially between the front and top of the inner side of the arc-shaped cover shell 7. The fixed knives 6 are welded to the fixed knife seat and fixed to the arc-shaped cover shell 7 by bolts 8. In the axial direction, the fixed knife 6 is an ordinary straight knife with hardened cutting edges on both ends. The fixed knife 6 and the tool are arranged at intervals to form a cutting support between the two.

[0020] The rotating blade roller 14 is a large, hollow steel roller with a rotating shaft 12 welded to each end. The shaft 12 is threaded through a rolling bearing 2 mounted on the side panel 1. One end of the shaft 12 extends outside the shredder housing and is splined to an external belt pulley 13. The grass-clearing blades 4 at each end of the rotating blade roller 14 are fixed to the shaft 12 via splines 3. The four blades of the grass-clearing blades 4 are evenly spaced at 90° angles around the shaft 12.

[0021] The surface of the rotating knife roller 14 is welded with a knife seat 5, and the knife group is fixed to the knife seat 5 by a hinge 15. The spoiler parts are respectively arranged between the adjacent knife seats 5 in the axial direction, and each spoiler part is evenly spaced in the axial direction, that is, the distance between two adjacent spoilers is the same. Figure 1 For example, the first spoiler from the left is placed between the first and second blade holders 5, and a spoiler is placed every three blade holders thereafter. The spoiler comprises four spoiler blades 11 evenly spaced around the circumference of the rotating blade roller 14. That is, the four spoiler blades 11 in each spoiler are evenly spaced at 90° around the same circumference. The spoiler blades 11 on different circumferential surfaces have a phase difference of 0° at the same axial section, meaning that the spoiler blades 11 in different spoiler sections are aligned with each other in the axial direction of the rotating blade roller 14.

[0022] Will Figure 1 The direction from the left end of the rotating knife roller 14 to the right end is recorded as the positive direction. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the spacing between adjacent cutters in the positive direction is consistent. The rotating cutter roller 14 is divided into m equal sections along the positive direction, and n cutters are arranged in each section. The cutters in each section are sorted in sequence along the positive direction. The initial cutters in each section are arranged in sequence according to the engine working order. The circumferential phase difference is m is the number of equally divided sections, and the two initial tools arranged in the order of engine working are not in adjacent sections, that is, the initial tools of each section are spaced according to the order of engine working. The cutters in each section are evenly distributed at equal angles on the circumference of the rotating cutter roller 14, and the circumferential phase difference between adjacent cutters in each section is n is the number of tools in each section.

[0023] See again Figure 2 and Figure 3 , 24 and 36 cutters are respectively provided on the surface of the rotating knife roller 14, and the rotating knife roller 14 is divided into the first section, the second section, the third section, the fourth section, the fifth section and the sixth section along the positive direction. The sections are arranged in the order of the engine working order of the initial cutters as the first section, the fifth section, the third section, the sixth section, the second section and the fourth section, and the circumferential phase difference of the arrangement of the initial cutters in each section is 60°.

[0024] The knife group includes a straight knife 9, two L-improved curved knives 10 and a wear-resistant nylon sleeve, and the end faces of the straight knife 9 and the L-improved curved knife 10 are both serrated structures. The L-improved curved knife 10 and the straight knife 9 are hinged to the knife seat 5 through a hinge 15. The straight knife 9 protrudes outward along the radial direction of the rotating knife roller 14. The two L-improved curved knives 10 are respectively arranged on both sides of the straight knife 9 and are bent toward the fixed knife 6 on both sides. A wear-resistant nylon sleeve is installed between the L-improved curved knife 10 and the straight knife 9. Under the same conditions of working width, straw knife roller speed, and machine forward speed, there is an optimal value for the number of knives, which is generally determined by the arrangement density of the knives, that is, Where C is the density of tool arrangement, N is the total number of tools, and L is the distribution length of the tools on the main tool roller; referring to the agricultural machinery design manual and the tool design specifications for straw chopping and returning to the field device, for straight knives, C is generally taken as 0.05-0.07 pieces / mm, for L and L improved knives, C is generally taken as 0.02-0.04 pieces / mm, for Y-type swing knives, C is generally taken as 0.03-0.04 pieces / mm, and for T-type knives, C is generally taken as 0.01 pieces / mm.

[0025] When the straw chopping and returning device is in operation, the engine power is transmitted to the belt pulley 13 through the transmission system, which in turn drives the rotating cutter roller 14, the cutter holder 5 welded to the rotating cutter roller 14, the spoiler part, and the cutter group (composed of L-type improved curved blades 10 and straight blades 9) hinged to the cutter holder 5 to rotate together. When the spoiler blades 11 rotate, a negative pressure is formed at the front end of the chopping chamber. After the rice and wheat straw is sucked into the chopping chamber, the L-type improved curved blades 10 with good picking performance and the straight blades 9 with good cutting ability, which are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the rotating cutter roller 14, are supported by the fixed blades 6 on the inner side of the arc-shaped cover 7. The straw is chopped evenly on the ground under the positive pressure of the airflow formed at the rear end of the chopping chamber when the spoiler blades 11 rotate. Grass cleaning blades 4 are installed on both sides of the rotating cutter roller 14 to prevent long straw from entering the rotating cutter roller 14 and wrapping around the rotating shaft 12 on both sides.

Claims

1. A straw chopping and returning device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a shredding chamber shell, a rotating knife roller (14) arranged inside the shredding chamber shell, and a plurality of knives arranged on the surface of the rotating knife roller (14); the direction from one end of the rotating knife roller (14) to the other end is the positive direction, and the spacing between adjacent knives in the positive direction is the same; the rotating knife roller (14) is equally divided into a plurality of sections along the positive direction, the number of knives arranged in each section is the same, and the knives in each section are sequentially arranged along the positive direction, and the circumferential phase difference of the initial knives in each section arranged in the order of engine work is , and the two initial tools arranged in the order of engine working are not in adjacent segments, where m is the number of equally divided segments; The cutters in each section are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the rotating cutter roller (14), and the circumferential phase difference between adjacent cutters in each section is , where n is the number of tools in each section; The rotating knife roller (14) is provided with a plurality of flow-turbulating portions at intervals along the positive direction, and the spacing between two adjacent flow-turbulating portions is the same; the chopping chamber shell comprises an arc-shaped cover shell (7) and side plates (1) fixed to both ends of the arc-shaped cover shell (7); a plurality of fixed knives (6) are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the arc-shaped cover shell (7) along the positive direction; 24 or 36 knives are provided on the surface of the rotating knife roller (14), and the rotating knife roller (14) is divided into a first section, a second section, a third section, a fourth section, a fifth section and a sixth section along the positive direction, and the sections are arranged in the order of the engine working order of the initial knives, namely the first section, the fifth section, the third section, the sixth section, the second section and the fourth section; the circumferential phase difference of the initial knives of each section is 60°.

2. The straw chopping and returning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow-disturbing portion comprises a plurality of flow-disturbing blades (11) uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotating knife roller (14), and the flow-disturbing blades (11) of different flow-disturbing portions are aligned with each other in the axial direction of the rotating knife roller (14).

3. The straw chopping and returning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the positive direction, the fixed knife (6) and the cutting tool are arranged at intervals from each other.

4. The straw chopping and returning device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The tool comprises a knife seat (5) and a knife group mounted on the knife seat (5); the knife group comprises a straight knife (9) and two L-improved curved knives (10), the straight knife (9) protrudes outward along the radial direction of the rotating knife roller (14), and the two L-improved curved knives (10) are respectively arranged on both sides of the straight knife (9) and are respectively bent towards the fixed knife (6) on both sides.

5. The straw chopping and returning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a driving device, which includes rolling bearings (2) arranged on two side plates, a rotating shaft (12) passing through the rolling bearings (2) and connected to both ends of the rotating knife roller (14), and a belt pulley (13) connected to the outer end of the rotating shaft (12).

6. The straw chopping and returning device according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a grass-clearing knife (4), which is fixed on the rotating shaft (12) and located between the rotating knife roller (14) and the side plate (1).

7. The straw chopping and returning device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The grass-clearing knife (4) comprises four blades, and the four blades are evenly distributed at 90° around the rotation axis.

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