A pressed decontaminant with decontamination and radiation shielding functions and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a pressed detergent with decontamination and radiation shielding functions and a preparation method thereof, wherein the detergent is composed of the following raw materials in mass percentage: composite film-forming emulsion: 40-60%, nano-ceramic dispersion: 5-30%, surfactant: 0.5-15%, complexing agent: 0.5-10%, and auxiliary agent 0.5-5%. The present invention adopts a plurality of emulsions for compounding and modification, shortens the drying film-forming time while ensuring its basic film-forming performance, improves the toughness and structural strength of the coating film to improve the later peeling performance; the nano-ceramic dispersion made of nano-ceramic radiation-proof powder material is added, and the surface effect of the nano-material is used to improve the radiation shielding performance of the material, which can greatly reduce the radiation hazard of harmful rays to operators.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering decontamination, and in particular relates to a pressed decontaminant with dual functions of high-efficiency decontamination and radiation shielding and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As we all know, nuclear accidents such as leakage accidents in nuclear facilities such as nuclear power plants and experimental reactors, nuclear and radiation terrorist incidents are inevitable around the world. Once the radioactive substances produced spread, they will cause serious harm to the environment and public safety.

[0003] At present, the common idea of ​​dealing with large-scale radioactive contamination is to collect the pollutants settled on the contaminated surface and transfer them to a safe area for burial or storage. Stripping type pressing decontamination technology is a common technology for removing radioactive pollutants, which has the advantages of simple operation, easy control, only producing a single solid waste, and no secondary pollution. However, the common pressing decontaminants currently used have the disadvantages of large decontamination workload, long pollution removal time, and lack of radiation shielding and protection capabilities, which restricts them in the removal of radioactive pollutants. For example, the comparative patent with the authorization announcement number: CN1332398C and the invention name: Stripping type pressing decontaminant adopts a pressing decontamination material composed of two components A and B. Although it can play the role of pressing and decontaminating pollutants, the material itself does not have a radiation shielding function. It is necessary to wait until the decontamination material is dried and solidified (6 to 12 hours) and stripped and removed before it can play the role of removing pollutants. The overall timeliness of the operation is poor and it does not have the shielding and protection capabilities for personnel. For another example, the authorization announcement number is: CN 107129736B, and the name of the invention is: A radioactive contamination control and removal material with radiation shielding ability. Although the patent adopts a chemical reaction method to introduce shielding metal lead into the polymer film-forming emulsion to enable the decontamination material to have radiation shielding ability, the polymer film-forming emulsion and the shielding functional component in the patent formula must be fully compatible, otherwise the shielding functional element cannot be introduced through chemical reaction, which greatly limits the selection range of the polymer emulsion in the removal material and the regulation of the comprehensive performance of the decontamination material, and the introduction of lead reduces the environmental friendliness of the decontamination material.

[0004] It can be seen from this that the currently commonly used pressed decontamination materials either do not have radiation shielding capabilities, and the radioactive contamination during the decontamination operation causes a large radiation dose to the workers, which limits their application in radiation contamination removal; or even if they have certain radiation shielding capabilities, they have technical limitations such as poor environmental protection and weak comprehensive performance control capabilities. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the pressed decontaminants in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a pressed decontaminant with decontamination and radiation shielding functions and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A pressed detergent with decontamination and radiation shielding functions, composed of the following raw materials in mass percentage: composite film-forming emulsion: 40-60%, nano-ceramic dispersion: 5-30%, surfactant: 0.5-15%, complexing agent: 0.5-10%, auxiliary agent 0.5-5%;

[0008] The composite film-forming emulsion is prepared by compounding the following components in percentage by weight: 50% water-soluble acrylic emulsion, 20-40% water-soluble acetic acid acrylic emulsion, and 10-30% water-soluble rubber emulsion;

[0009] The surfactant is a mixture of one or more of alkylbenzene sulfonate, fatty alcohol sulfate, ethoxylated fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate, secondary alkyl sulfonate, and alcohol ether carboxylate;

[0010] The complexing agent is a mixture of one or more of aminocarboxylates, carboxylcarboxylates, and alcoholamine complexing agents;

[0011] The auxiliary agent is a mixture of a dispersant, a defoamer and a viscosity regulator.

[0012] Furthermore, the nano-ceramic dispersion is prepared by hybridizing one or more of the oxides or nitrides of tungsten, barium, aluminum, nickel, and zinc to obtain nano-ceramic powder, and then subjecting the nano-ceramic powder to ball milling or ultrasonic dispersion to prepare a nano-ceramic dispersion slurry.

[0013] Furthermore, the nano-ceramic dispersion is composed of nano-aluminum oxide and nano-zinc oxide in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0014] Furthermore, the surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.

[0015] Furthermore, the complexing agent is disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate.

[0016] A method for preparing a pressed decontaminant having decontamination and radiation shielding functions comprises the following steps:

[0017] (1) Add the weighed nano-ceramic powder, water and dispersant into a ball mill according to the ratio and mill for 10 hours to obtain a nano-ceramic dispersion for later use;

[0018] (2) Add the weighed water, dispersant and defoamer to the dispersion tank according to the ratio, adjust the speed to 150-200 r / min, disperse evenly, then add the water-soluble acrylic emulsion, water-soluble acetic acid propylene emulsion and water-soluble rubber emulsion to the dispersion tank in sequence according to the ratio, adjust the speed to 800-1000 r / min, and prepare the composite film-forming emulsion for standby use;

[0019] (3) Weighing a surfactant and the nano-ceramic dispersion prepared in step (1) according to the ratio, adding them to the composite film-forming emulsion prepared in step (2), and continuing to stir for 8 to 10 minutes at a speed of 800 to 1000 r / min to prepare a mixed solution;

[0020] (4) Weigh the complexing agent according to the ratio and add it to the mixed solution prepared in step (3), continue stirring for 5 minutes, add a viscosity regulator to adjust the viscosity to 650-850 mPa·s, and complete the preparation of the pressed detergent with decontamination and radiation shielding functions.

[0021] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0022] (1) Adopting a variety of emulsion compounding modification to shorten the drying film-forming time while ensuring its basic film-forming properties, and to improve the toughness and structural strength of the coating to improve the later peeling performance;

[0023] (2) The addition of surfactants greatly improves the wetting ability of detergents on non-water-soluble pollutant particles; the addition of complexing agents improves the chelating and removal ability of detergents on ionic nuclides, which can comprehensively improve the removal ability of detergents on radioactive pollutants;

[0024] (3) The nano-ceramic dispersion made of nano-ceramic radiation-proof powder material utilizes the surface effect of the nano-material to improve the radiation shielding performance of the material, which can greatly reduce the radiation hazard of harmful rays to operators. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In the present invention, the composite film-forming emulsion is prepared by mixing a water-soluble acrylic emulsion, a water-soluble acetic acid acrylic emulsion and a water-soluble rubber emulsion in a certain mass ratio, wherein the acrylic emulsion has excellent stripping performance after film formation, the acetic acid acrylic emulsion has excellent decontamination ability, the water-soluble rubber emulsion can shorten the drying and curing time of the composite emulsion, and in addition, the water-soluble rubber emulsion can also improve the toughness and structural strength of the coating film, which is beneficial to the stripping and recovery of the decontamination film body. After the three are compounded in a suitable ratio, the comprehensive decontamination performance of the film-forming emulsion is excellent.

[0026] By adding nano-ceramic dispersion, the pressed detergent of the present invention has a radiation shielding effect. Its ultra-large specific surface area makes the atoms exposed on its surface much more than conventional materials. When irradiated by radiation, the probability of effective collision between nanoparticles and high-energy radiation increases, thereby playing a radiation shielding role.

[0027] The surfactant is added mainly to improve the wettability of the decontaminant of the present invention to radioactive dust particles, which can increase the decontaminant's ability to dissolve and wet dust particles, especially the ability to wet non-water-soluble radioactive particles in pollutants, thereby improving the ability to remove non-water-soluble radioactive particles.

[0028] The purpose of adding the complexing agent is to improve the chelating ability of the decontaminant of the present invention to the ionic nuclides soluble in water in the radioactive pollutants, thereby increasing the removal ability to this part of the pollutants.

[0029] The decontamination material of the present invention has a strong performance control capability. By controlling the content of each component in the decontamination agent of the present invention, the comprehensive decontamination performance and radiation shielding performance of the decontamination agent, such as film-forming performance, stripping performance, and decontamination rate, can be effectively controlled, thereby achieving the dual functions of high-efficiency decontamination and radiation shielding.

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A pressed detergent with decontamination and radiation shielding functions is composed of the following raw materials in mass percentage: composite film-forming emulsion: 50%, nano-ceramic dispersion: ~30%, surfactant: 10%, complexing agent: 7%, and auxiliary agent 3%; wherein the composite film-forming emulsion is compounded by the following components in mass percentage: 50% water-soluble acrylic emulsion, 30% water-soluble acetic acid propylene emulsion, and 20% water-soluble rubber emulsion.

[0033] In this embodiment, the nano-ceramic dispersion is prepared by mixing zinc and aluminum hybrid oxides in a mass ratio of 1:1, hybridizing the nano-ceramic powder, and then ball milling or ultrasonic dispersion of the nano-ceramic powder to prepare a nano-ceramic dispersion slurry.

[0034] The surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and the complexing agent is disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate.

[0035] The auxiliary agent is a mixture of a dispersant, a defoamer and a viscosity regulator, wherein the dispersant is triethanolamine oleate, the defoamer is dimethyl polysiloxane, and the viscosity regulator is glycerol.

[0036] The method for preparing the above-mentioned pressed decontaminant with decontamination and radiation shielding functions comprises the following steps:

[0037] (1) Add the weighed nano-ceramic powder, water and dispersant into a ball mill according to the ratio and mill for 10 hours to obtain a nano-ceramic dispersion for later use;

[0038] (2) Add the weighed water, dispersant and defoamer to the dispersion tank according to the ratio, adjust the speed to 150-200 r / min, disperse evenly, then add the water-soluble acrylic emulsion, water-soluble acetic acid propylene emulsion and water-soluble rubber emulsion to the dispersion tank in sequence according to the ratio, adjust the speed to 800-1000 r / min, and prepare the composite film-forming emulsion for standby use;

[0039] (3) Weighing sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and the nano-ceramic dispersion prepared in step (1) according to the ratio, adding them to the composite film-forming emulsion prepared in step (2), and continuing to stir for 8 to 10 minutes at a speed of 800 to 1000 r / min to obtain a mixed solution;

[0040] (4) Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate is weighed according to the ratio and added to the mixed solution prepared in step (3), and the mixture is stirred for 5 min. A viscosity regulator is added to adjust the viscosity to 650-850 mPa·s, thereby completing the preparation of the pressed decontaminant having decontamination and radiation shielding functions of the present invention.

[0041] 3g of radioactive uranium dust was evenly spread on a 100mm×100mm cement board, and then the decontaminant in this embodiment was spread on the contaminated cement board. In actual application, the decontamination rate of uranium dust was 90%, and the radiation shielding rate was 85%.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] A pressed detergent with decontamination and radiation shielding functions is composed of the following raw materials in mass percentage: composite film-forming emulsion: 60%, nano-ceramic dispersion: 20%, surfactant: 10%, complexing agent: 8%, and auxiliary agent 2%; wherein the composite film-forming emulsion is compounded by the following components in mass percentage: 50% water-soluble acrylic emulsion, 35% water-soluble acetic acid propylene emulsion, and 15% water-soluble rubber emulsion.

[0044] In this embodiment, the nano-ceramic dispersion is prepared by mixing zinc and aluminum hybrid oxides in a mass ratio of 1:1, hybridizing the nano-ceramic powder, and then ball milling or ultrasonic dispersion of the nano-ceramic powder to prepare a nano-ceramic dispersion slurry.

[0045] The surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and the complexing agent is disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate.

[0046] The auxiliary agent is a mixture of a dispersant, a defoamer and a viscosity regulator, wherein the dispersant is triethanolamine oleate, the defoamer is dimethyl polysiloxane, and the viscosity regulator is glycerol.

[0047] The method for preparing the above-mentioned pressed decontaminant with decontamination and radiation shielding functions comprises the following steps:

[0048] (1) Add the weighed nano-ceramic powder, water and dispersant into a ball mill according to the ratio and mill for 10 hours to obtain a nano-ceramic dispersion for later use;

[0049] (2) Add the weighed water, dispersant and defoamer to the dispersion tank according to the ratio, adjust the speed to 150-200 r / min, disperse evenly, then add the water-soluble acrylic emulsion, water-soluble acetic acid propylene emulsion and water-soluble rubber emulsion to the dispersion tank in sequence according to the ratio, adjust the speed to 800-1000 r / min, and prepare the composite film-forming emulsion for standby use;

[0050] (3) Weighing sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and the nano-ceramic dispersion prepared in step (1) according to the ratio, adding them to the composite film-forming emulsion prepared in step (2), and continuing to stir for 8 to 10 minutes at a speed of 800 to 1000 r / min to obtain a mixed solution;

[0051] (4) Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate is weighed according to the ratio and added to the mixed solution prepared in step (3), and the mixture is stirred for 5 min. A viscosity regulator is added to adjust the viscosity to 650-850 mPa·s, thereby completing the preparation of the pressed decontaminant having decontamination and radiation shielding functions of the present invention.

[0052] 3g of radioactive uranium dust was evenly spread on a 100mm×100mm cement board, and then the decontaminant in this embodiment was spread on the contaminated cement board. In actual application, the decontamination rate of uranium dust was 92% and the radiation shielding rate was 85%.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] A pressed detergent with decontamination and radiation shielding functions is composed of the following raw materials in mass percentage: composite film-forming emulsion: 60%, nano-ceramic dispersion: 15%, surfactant: 15%, complexing agent: 8%, and auxiliary agent 2%; wherein the composite film-forming emulsion is compounded by the following components in mass percentage: 50% water-soluble acrylic emulsion, 35% water-soluble acetic acid propylene emulsion, and 15% water-soluble rubber emulsion.

[0055] In this embodiment, the nano-ceramic dispersion is prepared by mixing zinc and aluminum hybrid oxides in a mass ratio of 1:1, hybridizing the nano-ceramic powder, and then ball milling or ultrasonic dispersion of the nano-ceramic powder to prepare a nano-ceramic dispersion slurry.

[0056] The surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and the complexing agent is disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate.

[0057] The auxiliary agent is a mixture of a dispersant, a defoamer and a viscosity regulator, wherein the dispersant is triethanolamine oleate, the defoamer is dimethyl polysiloxane, and the viscosity regulator is glycerol.

[0058] The method for preparing the above-mentioned pressed decontaminant with decontamination and radiation shielding functions comprises the following steps:

[0059] (1) Add the weighed nano-ceramic powder, water and dispersant into a ball mill according to the ratio and mill for 10 hours to obtain a nano-ceramic dispersion for later use;

[0060] (2) Add the weighed water, dispersant and defoamer to the dispersion tank according to the ratio, adjust the speed to 150-200 r / min, disperse evenly, then add the water-soluble acrylic emulsion, water-soluble acetic acid propylene emulsion and water-soluble rubber emulsion to the dispersion tank in sequence according to the ratio, adjust the speed to 800-1000 r / min, and prepare the composite film-forming emulsion for standby use;

[0061] (3) Weighing sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and the nano-ceramic dispersion prepared in step (1) according to the ratio, adding them to the composite film-forming emulsion prepared in step (2), and continuing to stir for 8 to 10 minutes at a speed of 800 to 1000 r / min to obtain a mixed solution;

[0062] (4) Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate is weighed according to the ratio and added to the mixed solution prepared in step (3), and the mixture is stirred for 5 min. A viscosity regulator is added to adjust the viscosity to 650-850 mPa·s, thereby completing the preparation of the pressed decontaminant having decontamination and radiation shielding functions of the present invention.

[0063] 3g of radioactive uranium dust was evenly spread on a 100mm×100mm cement board, and then the decontaminant in this embodiment was spread on the contaminated cement board. In actual application, the decontamination rate of uranium dust was 95%, and the radiation shielding rate was 75%.

Claims

1. A pressed decontaminant with decontamination and radiation shielding functions, It is characterized in that It is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: composite film-forming emulsion: 40-60%, nano-ceramic dispersion: 5-30%, surfactant: 0.5-15%, complexing agent: 0.5-10%, and auxiliary agent 0.5-5%; The composite film-forming emulsion is prepared by compounding the following components in percentage by weight: 50% water-soluble acrylic emulsion, 20-40% water-soluble acetic acid acrylic emulsion, and 10-30% water-soluble rubber emulsion; The surfactant is a mixture of one or more of alkylbenzene sulfonate, fatty alcohol sulfate, ethoxylated fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate, secondary alkyl sulfonate, and alcohol ether carboxylate; The complexing agent is a mixture of one or more of aminocarboxylates, carboxylcarboxylates, and alcoholamine complexing agents; The auxiliary agent is a mixture of a dispersant, a defoamer and a viscosity regulator.

2. The pressed decontaminant with decontamination and radiation shielding functions according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The nano ceramic dispersion is prepared by mixing one or more oxides or nitrides of tungsten, barium, aluminum, nickel and zinc to obtain nano ceramic powder, and then subjecting the nano ceramic powder to ball milling or ultrasonic dispersion to obtain nano ceramic dispersion slurry.

3. The pressed decontaminant with decontamination and radiation shielding functions according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that The nano ceramic dispersion is composed of nano aluminum oxide and nano zinc oxide in a mass ratio of 1:

1.

4. The pressed decontaminant having decontamination and radiation shielding functions according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and the complexing agent is disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate.

5. A method for preparing a pressed decontaminant having decontamination and radiation shielding functions as claimed in claim 1, It is characterized in that The following steps are involved: (1) Add the weighed nano-ceramic powder, water and dispersant into a ball mill according to the ratio and mill for 10 hours to obtain a nano-ceramic dispersion for later use; (2) Add the weighed water, dispersant and defoamer to the dispersion tank according to the ratio, adjust the speed to 150-200 r / min, disperse evenly, then add the water-soluble acrylic emulsion, water-soluble acetic acid propylene emulsion and water-soluble rubber emulsion to the dispersion tank in sequence according to the ratio, adjust the speed to 800-1000 r / min, and prepare the composite film-forming emulsion for standby use; (3) Weighing a surfactant and the nano-ceramic dispersion prepared in step (1) according to the ratio, adding them to the composite film-forming emulsion prepared in step (2), and continuing to stir for 8 to 10 minutes at a speed of 800 to 1000 r / min to prepare a mixed solution; (4) Weigh the complexing agent according to the ratio and add it to the mixed solution prepared in step (3), continue stirring for 5 minutes, add a viscosity regulator to adjust the viscosity to 650-850 mPa·s, and complete the preparation of the pressed detergent with decontamination and radiation shielding functions.