An internal centering chuck for vertical lathe

Abstract

An inner circle centering chuck for a vertical lathe comprises a circular bottom plate, the triangular positioning shaft is arranged on the upper surface of the circular bottom plate, the triangular positioning shaft is a cylindrical structure of three equilateral sizes formed by cutting off three pieces of a cylinder, the three arc sides of the triangular positioning shaft are distributed at 120 degrees, and the central part of the triangular positioning shaft has a three-section central through hole concentric with the outer diameter of the triangular positioning shaft; the inner tapered hole at the upper part of the central through hole matches the vertebral body at the upper end of a conical adjusting body, the central part of the conical adjusting body has only one step hole, and the step large hole at the lower end of the conical adjusting body matches with a first spring; the three arc sides of the triangular positioning shaft are respectively provided with a trapezoidal groove in the axial direction, a U-shaped opening groove is provided on one side of the trapezoidal groove, and half of the second spring is provided in the U-shaped opening groove; by lifting and lowering the conical adjusting body, the three trapezoidal centering blocks can be pushed to expand outward at the same time, so as to achieve the centering and alignment of the inner diameter of the part to be processed, and the effect of no gap can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical processing, in particular to an inner circle centering chuck for a vertical lathe. Background Art

[0002] Engine housing parts are generally large in size and weight, with concentric large and small inner diameters. When rough machining is performed, it is necessary to clamp the small inner diameter to perform rough machining on the large hole. At this time, a CNC vertical lathe is required, but the size of the chuck attached to the general vertical lathe cannot meet the clamping requirements, so a special tooling is required for clamping. Currently, the commonly used ones are generally clamping tools with fixed mandrel centering and movable mandrels that simulate the chuck function adjusted by hydraulic devices. Although the tooling with a fixed mandrel can clamp the parts, there is generally a certain gap between the Xinzhou size and the size of the part blank hole, otherwise it will be difficult to clamp. Due to the structural space limitation, the movable mandrel of the hydraulic device can be centered and expanded from the center, but it is difficult to press it from the top with a pressure plate, and the cost of hydraulic tooling is generally relatively high. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art and to provide an internal circle centering chuck for a vertical lathe, which can achieve gapless adjustment and alignment of the centering part without affecting the function of the clamping part, thereby saving tooling manufacturing costs.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: an internal circle centering chuck for a vertical lathe, characterized in that it includes a circular bottom plate and a triangular positioning shaft, the triangular positioning shaft is arranged on the upper surface of the circular bottom plate, the triangular positioning shaft is a cylindrical structure formed by cutting three pieces of a cylinder, the three arc edges of the triangular positioning shaft are distributed at 120 degrees, the central part of the triangular positioning shaft has a three-section central through hole concentric with the outer diameter of the triangular positioning shaft, the upper part of the central through hole is a tapered inner cone hole, and the middle part of the central through hole is an inner cylindrical hole, The lower part of the central through hole is an inner cylindrical hole with a diameter larger than that of the middle part. The diameter of the inner cylindrical hole in the lower part of the central through hole is larger than the diameter of the first nut. The first nut is coaxially arranged on the circular bottom plate with the triangular positioning axis. A through threaded hole is arranged at the relative position between the circular bottom plate and the first nut. The inner conical hole in the upper part of the central through hole matches the cone at the upper end of the conical adjusting body. The inner cylindrical hole in the middle part of the central through hole is clearance-matched with the cylinder at the lower end of the conical adjusting body. The length of the cylinder at the lower end of the conical adjusting body is smaller than the inner cylindrical hole in the middle part of the central through hole. There is a stepped through hole in the center of the conical adjusting body, the stepped small hole at the upper end of the stepped through hole cooperates with the clamping support rod, the stepped large hole at the lower end of the stepped through hole cooperates with the first spring, and the aperture of the stepped large hole is larger than the outer diameter of the first spring, the clamping support rod is a cylindrical rod with external threads at both the upper and lower ends, the bottom end of the clamping support rod cooperates with the first nut thread, and the upper end of the clamping support rod cooperates with the second nut thread; the three arc edges of the triangular positioning shaft are respectively provided with a trapezoidal groove in the axial direction, and a U-shaped opening groove is provided on one side of the trapezoidal groove , a side block whose length is smaller than that of the U-shaped opening groove is arranged in the U-shaped opening groove, a trapezoidal centering block is arranged in the trapezoidal groove, the trapezoidal centering block is clearance-matched with the trapezoidal groove, and the cross-section is a trapezoid, the end of the trapezoidal centering block pointing to the axis is an inclined surface with the same taper angle as the cone part of the conical adjusting body, the end of the trapezoidal centering block facing the U-shaped opening groove is provided with a U-shaped groove with the same width as the U-shaped opening groove, the depth of the U-shaped groove is greater than the radius of the second spring, and the other half of the second spring is arranged in the U-shaped opening groove.

[0005] As a preferred solution of the present invention, three internal threaded holes at an angle of 120° to each other are arranged on the bottom surface of the triangular positioning shaft, three countersunk holes are arranged on the circular bottom plate at positions relative to the threaded holes on the bottom surface of the triangular positioning shaft, and the circular bottom plate and the triangular positioning shaft are fixedly connected by a second screw.

[0006] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the outer edge of the circular bottom plate has four U-shaped fixing grooves that are 90 degrees to each other.

[0007] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the depth of the U-shaped opening groove on the triangular positioning shaft is the same as the depth of the trapezoidal groove, the width of the U-shaped opening groove is smaller than the length of the trapezoidal groove, there is an internal threaded hole at the bottom of the U-shaped opening groove, and a through hole is arranged at a position corresponding to the threaded hole at the bottom of the U-shaped opening groove of the side block, and the side block is fixedly connected to the triangular positioning shaft by a first screw.

[0008] As a preferred solution of the present invention, a gasket is provided at the bottom end of the second nut.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the external thread on the upper end of the clamping support rod is longer than the external thread on the lower end.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the length of the inclined surface of the trapezoidal centering block is smaller than the length of the conical part of the conical regulating body.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the other end of the trapezoidal centering block is a convex arc.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the other end of the trapezoidal centering block is a sharp angle surface.

[0013] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that compared with the prior art, the present invention can simultaneously push the three trapezoidal centering blocks to expand outward by lifting the conical adjusting body, so as to achieve the centering and alignment of the inner diameter of the parts to be processed, and can achieve a gap-free effect. At the same time, the clamping support rod arranged in the middle part of the conical adjusting body can simultaneously meet the operational requirements of clamping the parts to be processed, effectively saving the tooling manufacturing cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 This is a top view of the main structure of this chuck.

[0015] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view in the AA direction.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a partial assembly view of the trapezoidal centering block and the triangular locating shaft.

[0017] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A-axis view of the local assembly view

[0018] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of chuck clamping in a specific example.

[0019] In the figure: 1. circular base plate; 2. part to be processed; 3. triangular positioning shaft; 4. conical adjusting body; 5-1. first nut; 5-2. second nut; 6. clamping support rod; 7. first spring; 8. trapezoidal centering block; 9. second spring; 10. side block; 11. first screw; 12. gasket; 13. second screw; 14. pressure plate for part to be processed; 15. support rod for part to be processed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are now described clearly and completely in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. This figure is a simplified schematic diagram, which only illustrates the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner.

[0021] according to Figure 1-2 As shown, the triangular positioning shaft 3 is a cylinder with three equal sides formed by cutting off three pieces of a cylinder. The central part of the triangular positioning shaft 3 has a three-section center hole concentric with the outer diameter. The upper part of the center is an inner tapered hole with a certain taper, and the middle part is a cylindrical hole. The inner tapered hole and the cylindrical hole surface must have a high degree of finish. The through hole diameter must be larger than the diameter of the clamping support rod 6. The lower part is an inner cylindrical hole with a diameter larger than the middle part, and the diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the first nut 5-1, which can prevent assembly interference; the bottom surface of the triangular positioning shaft 3 has three internal threaded holes at 120 degrees to each other, which are used with the second The screw 13 fixes the triangular positioning shaft to the circular bottom plate. A trapezoidal groove with a certain depth and angle is milled from the center in the three arc directions of the top surface of the triangular positioning shaft 3. The trapezoidal groove is a trapezoidal structure with a small top and a large bottom. A U-shaped opening groove with a certain width and parallel to the left and right is milled from the middle part on the right side of the trapezoidal groove to place the side block 10. The depth of the U-shaped opening groove is the same as the depth of the trapezoidal groove, and the width is less than the length of the trapezoidal groove. The three sides of the U-shaped groove need to have a relatively smooth surface. There is a threaded hole of a certain depth at the bottom of the U-shaped opening groove, which is used to fix the side block 10 in the U-shaped groove with screws. The three trapezoidal grooves and the U-shaped groove are distributed at 120 degrees from the center of the triangular positioning shaft;

[0022] The conical adjusting body 4 is a component with a cone at the upper end and a cylinder at the lower end. The outer surface of the cone and the cylinder needs to have a high degree of finish, wherein the taper of the cone part is the same as the taper of the inner cone hole at the center of the triangular positioning shaft 3, and the length of the cone is also the same; the diameter of the cylindrical part is the same as the diameter of the inner cylindrical hole at the center of the triangular positioning shaft 3, with a gap and a tight fit to ensure free movement, and the length of the cylinder is less than the length of the matching hole of the triangular positioning shaft 3; there is a stepped through hole at the center of the conical adjusting body 4, the small hole at the upper end of the stepped through hole at the center is gap-fitted with the clamping support rod 6, and the diameter of the large hole at the lower end of the stepped through hole is greater than the outer diameter of the first spring 7;

[0023] The trapezoidal centering block 8 is a rectangular block with a cross section of a trapezoidal shape that is small at the top and large at the bottom. The angle and height of the trapezoidal shape coincide with the trapezoidal groove on the triangular positioning shaft 3. The end of the trapezoidal centering block 8 that points to the axis is an inclined surface with the same taper angle as the conical part of the conical adjusting body 4. The length of the inclined surface is slightly less than the length of the conical part of the conical adjusting body 4. The other end of the trapezoidal centering block 8 is a convex arc surface or a pointed surface. A U-shaped groove is milled out of the trapezoidal centering block 8 toward one end of the U-shaped opening groove. The width of the U-shaped groove is the same as the width of the U-shaped opening groove on the triangular positioning shaft 3, and the depth of the U-shaped groove is greater than the radius of the second spring 9. When the trapezoidal centering block 8 is assembled into the trapezoidal groove, it is ensured that it can slide freely in the groove and will not be too loose.

[0024] There is a through threaded hole in the center of the circular bottom plate 1, which cooperates with the external thread at the bottom of the clamping support rod 6. The external thread at the bottom of the clamping support rod 6 passes through the first nut 5-1 and the threaded hole on the circular bottom plate 1 in turn, and the clamping support rod 6 is locked and fixed by the first nut 5-1. Three countersunk holes are set on the circular bottom plate 1 at positions relative to the threaded holes on the bottom surface of the triangular positioning shaft 3, which are used to fix the triangular positioning plate 3 to the circular bottom plate 1 with screws. There are 4 U-shaped fixing grooves distributed in an array with the center on the outer edge of the circular bottom plate 1, which are used to fix the chuck on the workbench of the vertical lathe with screws;

[0025] The clamping support rod 6 is a cylindrical rod with external threads on both the upper and lower ends, and the external threads on the upper end are longer.

[0026] according to Figure 3 As shown, the U-shaped groove of the trapezoidal centering block 8, the U-shaped opening groove of the triangular positioning shaft 3 and the side block 10 together form a small groove body, the width of the small groove body is slightly larger than the diameter of the second spring 9, and the length of the groove body is slightly shorter than the length of the second spring 9. The second spring 9 is installed in the small groove body and is in a compressed state; when the U-shaped notch of the trapezoidal centering block 8 is aligned with the U-shaped notch on the triangular positioning shaft 3, the inclined surface of one end of the trapezoidal centering block 8 is against the conical surface of the conical adjusting body 4, and the arc surface of the other end extends beyond the outer diameter of the cylinder of the triangular positioning shaft 3. The distances from the farthest points of the three trapezoidal centering blocks 8 to the center of the conical adjusting body 4 should be exactly the same, and the diameter of the fitting circle formed by the three end points should be smaller than the diameter of the clamping opening of the blank to be clamped. When the conical adjusting body 4 moves downward, the conical surface pushes the trapezoidal centering block 8 to move outward, and when the conical adjusting body 4 moves upward, the second spring 9 pushes the trapezoidal centering block 8 back to the state where the U-shaped groove is aligned with it.

[0027] according to Figure 4 As shown, a trapezoidal groove with a certain depth and angle is milled from the center in three arc directions of the top surface of the triangular positioning shaft 3. The trapezoidal groove is a trapezoidal structure with a small top and a large bottom. The trapezoidal centering block 8 is assembled in the trapezoidal groove of the triangular positioning shaft 3 that matches the trapezoidal centering block 8.

[0028] During assembly, first pass the external thread at the bottom of the clamping support rod 6 through the first nut 5-1 and the threaded hole on the circular bottom plate 1, and use the first nut 5-1 to lock the clamping support rod 6. Then, after the triangular positioning shaft 3 passes through the center hole of the clamping support rod 6, it is fixed to the bottom plate with three second screws 13, and the three trapezoidal centering blocks 8 are assembled into the three trapezoidal grooves of the triangular positioning shaft 3, with the trapezoidal centering block 8 inclined toward the center of the triangular positioning shaft 3, the arc facing outward, and the U-shaped groove aligned with the U-shaped groove next to the trapezoidal groove of the triangular positioning shaft 3. Then, the three side blocks 10 are fixed into the U-shaped groove of the triangular positioning shaft 3 with the first screws 11, and the U-shaped groove of the trapezoidal centering block 8 and the U-shaped groove of the triangular positioning shaft 3 are aligned. The opening groove and the side block together form a small groove body, and the three second springs 9 are placed in the small groove body; then, the first spring 7 is passed through the upper part of the clamping support rod 6 and falls into the bottom, and then the conical adjusting body 4 is passed through the clamping support rod 6 from the center of the bottom of the cylindrical end, so that the outer cylinder of the conical adjusting body 4 is inserted into the central cylindrical hole of the triangular positioning shaft 3, ensuring that there is a minimum gap for free movement, and at the same time, the inner large-diameter through hole of the conical adjusting body 4 is penetrated by the first spring 7, and the inner end face is against the end face of the first spring 7. The conical surface of the conical adjusting body 4 has the same angle as the upper conical surface of the central hole of the triangular positioning shaft 3, and can be completely fitted. The gasket 12 and the second nut 5-2 are successively passed through the upper part of the clamping support rod 6, and then the second nut 5-2 is screwed to abut against the upper plane of the conical adjusting body 4, and the second nut 5-2 is screwed downward until the conical surface of the conical adjusting body 4 fits with the inclined surface of the trapezoidal centering block 8, ensuring that the distance from the outermost end points of the three trapezoidal centering blocks 8 to the center of the conical adjusting body 4 is the same.

[0029] When in use, the second nut 5-2 is screwed downward to push the conical adjusting body 4 downward, and the conical surface of the conical adjusting body 4 fits with the inclined surfaces of the three trapezoidal centering blocks 8, pushing the three trapezoidal centering blocks 8 to move outward at the same time. At this time, even if the part hole is not placed correctly, the three trapezoidal centering blocks 8 that contact the inner wall of the part successively can push the part in the radial direction until the three outer end points are pressed against the inner wall of the part, and the part is locked at this time; because the three outer end points are always moving outward synchronously, no matter whether the part is placed correctly or not, the three outer end points will finally be pressed until the center of the part coincides with the center of the conical adjusting body 4, that is, the centering function is achieved. When loosening, the second nut 5-2 is rotated upward, and the compression elastic force of the first spring 7 pushes the conical adjusting body 4 upward, and at the same time, the three second springs 9 push the inner side wall of the groove of the trapezoidal centering block 8 to move the trapezoidal centering block 8 inward, and the part is loosened.

[0030] according to Figure 5As shown, the chuck can play a clamping role together with other supporting and clamping components. Three or more support rods 15 for the part to be processed are set on the circular base plate 1 to support the part, and then the nut 5 is rotated to lock and center the part through the chuck. Then, the opening of the part-to-be-processed pressure plate 14 is used to press the corresponding position of the part on the upper part, and the pressure plate is locked with a nut to complete the clamping and fixing of the part.

[0031] The present invention can simultaneously push the three trapezoidal centering blocks to expand outward by lifting the conical adjusting body, thereby achieving the effect of centering and clamping the inner diameter of the part to be processed. At the same time, the clamping support rod arranged in the middle part of the conical adjusting body can cooperate with the push rod and the pressure plate to simultaneously meet the operational requirements of clamping the part to be processed from the top, effectively clamping and fixing the parts, and saving tooling manufacturing costs.

Claims

1. An internal centering chuck for a vertical lathe, characterized in that: The invention comprises a circular bottom plate (1) and a triangular positioning shaft (3), wherein the triangular positioning shaft (3) is arranged on the upper surface of the circular bottom plate (1), the triangular positioning shaft (3) is a cylindrical structure formed by cutting three pieces of a cylinder, the three arc edges of the triangular positioning shaft (3) are distributed at 120 degrees, the central part of the triangular positioning shaft (3) has a three-section central through hole concentric with the outer diameter of the triangular positioning shaft (3), the upper part of the central through hole is a tapered inner cone hole, the middle part of the central through hole is an inner cylindrical hole, the lower part of the central through hole is an inner cylindrical hole with a diameter larger than the middle part, and the inner cylindrical hole at the lower part of the central through hole The hole diameter is larger than the diameter of the first nut (5-1); the first nut (5-1) and the triangular positioning shaft (3) are coaxially arranged on the circular base plate (1); a through threaded hole is arranged at a relative position between the circular base plate (1) and the first nut (5-1); the inner conical hole at the upper part of the central through hole matches the cone at the upper end of the conical adjusting body (4); the inner cylindrical hole in the middle part of the central through hole matches the cylinder at the lower end of the conical adjusting body (4); the length of the cylinder at the lower end of the conical adjusting body (4) is smaller than the inner cylindrical hole in the middle part of the central through hole; the central part of the conical adjusting body (4) has a stepped through hole The step hole at the upper end of the step through hole cooperates with the clamping support rod (6), the step hole at the lower end of the step through hole cooperates with the first spring (7), and the diameter of the step hole is larger than the outer diameter of the first spring (7), the clamping support rod (6) is a cylindrical rod with external threads at both the upper and lower ends, the bottom end of the clamping support rod (6) is threadedly matched with the first nut (5-1), and the upper end of the clamping support rod (6) is threadedly matched with the second nut (5-2); the three arc edges of the triangular positioning shaft (3) are respectively provided with a trapezoidal groove in the axial direction, and a U-shaped opening groove is provided on one side of the trapezoidal groove, and the U-shaped A side stopper (10) having a length less than that of the U-shaped opening groove is arranged in the opening groove, a trapezoidal centering block (8) is arranged in the trapezoidal groove, the trapezoidal centering block (8) is clearance-matched with the trapezoidal groove, and has a trapezoidal cross-section, the end of the trapezoidal centering block (8) pointing to the axis is an inclined surface with the same taper angle as the cone part of the conical adjusting body (4), the end of the trapezoidal centering block (8) facing the U-shaped opening groove is provided with a U-shaped groove with the same width as the U-shaped opening groove, the depth of the U-shaped groove is greater than the radius of the second spring (9), and the other half of the second spring (9) is arranged in the U-shaped opening groove; The bottom surface of the triangular positioning shaft (3) is provided with three internal threaded holes which are 120 degrees to each other, and the circular bottom plate (1) is provided with three countersunk holes at positions opposite to the threaded holes on the bottom surface of the triangular positioning shaft (3). The circular bottom plate (1) and the triangular positioning shaft (3) are fixedly connected by a second screw (13); The depth of the U-shaped opening groove on the triangular positioning shaft (3) is the same as the depth of the trapezoidal groove, the width of the U-shaped opening groove is smaller than the length of the trapezoidal groove, the bottom of the U-shaped opening groove has an internal threaded hole, the side block (10) is provided with a through hole at a position corresponding to the threaded hole at the bottom of the U-shaped opening groove, and the side block (10) is fixedly connected to the triangular positioning shaft (3) by a first screw (11).

2. The internal centering chuck for vertical lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer edge of the circular bottom plate (1) has four U-shaped fixing grooves which are 90 degrees to each other.

3. The internal centering chuck for vertical lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gasket (12) is provided at the bottom end of the second nut (5-2).

4. The internal centering chuck for vertical lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external thread at the upper end of the clamping support rod (6) is longer than the external thread at the lower end.

5. The internal centering chuck for vertical lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the inclined surface of the trapezoidal centering block (8) is smaller than the length of the conical portion of the conical regulating body (4).

6. The internal centering chuck for vertical lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The other end of the trapezoidal centering block (8) is a convex arc.

7. The internal centering chuck for vertical lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The other end of the trapezoidal centering block (8) is a sharp angle surface.

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