A granulation-free lightweight material gasification combustion device and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a granulation-free light material gasification combustion device and method, belonging to the technical field of boilers. The device mainly comprises a feeding spiral auger feeder, a furnace, an air inlet, an ash overflow chamber, a gas-solid separator, an afterburner and an ash slag outlet. In the process of gasification reaction after feeding, the medium ash carried by the gasification gas enters the ash overflow chamber in the middle of the furnace through the overflow port and is deposited in the overflow ash chamber, and the heavy ash returns to the bed layer and is discharged from the slag ash outlet; the gasification gas is mixed with the secondary air in the furnace above the bed layer to undergo a combustion reaction, and the flue gas carrying the light ash enters the afterburner from the flue gas outlet at the top of the furnace through the gas-solid separator and burns and then enters the subsequent heat exchange equipment. Compared with the traditional light material gasification combustion furnace, the present invention reduces the primary air rate, increases the bed void ratio, strengthens the solid phase combustion, increases the combustion temperature and combustion efficiency of the afterburner, increases the load adjustment range of the combustion furnace, and increases the effective load in the furnace.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of boiler technology, and specifically relates to a granulation-free lightweight material gasification combustion device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, gasification furnaces are mainly divided into fixed bed gasification furnaces, entrained layer gasification furnaces and fluidized bed gasification furnaces. Among them, entrained layer gasification furnaces and fluidized bed gasification furnaces only account for about 10% of the total number of gasification furnaces, and more than 90% are fixed bed gasification furnaces.

[0003] The physical properties of lightweight materials do not match the requirements of fixed bed feed, which makes their economical utilization very difficult.

[0004] Lightweight materials have small particle size and mass, and are very easy to block the feed port, so they need to be granulated, which increases the pretreatment cost; because the density and mass of lightweight materials after granulation increase, the primary air pressure of the fixed bed gasifier is limited, and too low air pressure will lead to too low material porosity and grate coking.

[0005] During the reaction process of a traditional fixed bed gasifier, the weight of a portion of the ash is equal to the wind pressure in the boiler, and it will remain suspended in the middle of the boiler. Over time, it will gather to form inert matter, attach to the inner wall of the furnace, and cause coking, which will reduce the combustion efficiency of the gasifier. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a new type of granulation-free lightweight material gasification combustion device and method.

[0007] A granulation-free lightweight material gasification and combustion device, the structure of which includes a feeding hopper, a horizontal feeding spiral auger feeder, a vertical feeding spiral auger feeder, a furnace, a primary air inlet A, a primary air inlet B, an ash overflow chamber, a secondary air inlet, a gas-solid separator, an afterburner chamber and an ash outlet. The feeding hopper is connected to the horizontal feeding spiral auger feeder, the horizontal feeding spiral auger feeder is connected to the vertical feeding spiral auger feeder, and the vertical feeding spiral auger feeder is connected to the bottom of the furnace of the granulation-free lightweight material gasification and combustion device; the primary air inlet and the secondary air inlet are arranged on the side of the furnace bottom, and the furnace bottom is also provided with an ash outlet; an overflow port is provided in the middle of the furnace, connected to the ash overflow chamber, and an ash outlet is provided at the bottom of the ash overflow chamber; a secondary air inlet and a smoke outlet are provided at the top of the furnace, the smoke outlet is connected to the gas-solid separator, the gas-solid separator is connected to the afterburner, and the afterburner is provided with an exhaust gas outlet.

[0008] A method for gasification combustion of light materials without granulation. The light materials are added from the feeding hopper and sequentially fed into the furnace interior from the bottom of the device through a horizontal feeding screw auger feeder and a vertical feeding screw auger feeder. Air is blown into the bottom of the furnace through the primary air inlet A and the primary air inlet B, and the surrounding light materials are blown upward along the device to cause gasification reaction in the bed layer of the furnace. The medium ash carried by the gasified gas enters the ash overflow cavity in the middle of the furnace and deposits in the ash overflow cavity when passing through the overflow port, while the heavy ash returns to the bed layer and is discharged from the slag ash outlet. The gasified gas mixes with secondary air in the upper part of the furnace bed layer to undergo a combustion reaction, and the flue gas carrying light ash enters the afterburner through the gas-solid separator at the top of the furnace and enters the subsequent heat exchange equipment after being burned out.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0010] 1. Compared with the traditional gasification combustion furnace for light materials, the present invention solves the problems of high granulation cost of light materials, easy coking of the bed layer and inner wall, and easy blockage of the feeding port of the feeding device; since it does not require granulation, it is lighter in weight and smaller in volume, further reducing the primary air rate, increasing the bed layer porosity, strengthening the solid-phase combustion, and at the same time increasing the combustion temperature in the afterburner and improving the combustion efficiency. 2. The present invention also greatly improves the load adjustment range of the combustion furnace and increases the effective load in the furnace. Description of the Drawings

[0011] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a new type of gasification combustion device for light materials without granulation.

[0012] In the figure: 1 feeding hopper; 2 horizontal feeding screw auger feeder; 3 vertical feeding screw auger feeder; 4 furnace; 5 primary air inlet A; 6 primary air inlet B; 7 ash overflow cavity; 8 secondary air inlet; 9 gas-solid separator; 10 afterburner; 11 ash and slag outlet. Detailed Embodiments

[0013] Next, in combination with the drawings and specific implementation schemes, the present invention will be further described.

[0014] Embodiment

[0015] A granulation-free lightweight material gasification combustion device, the structure of which includes a feeding hopper 1, a horizontal feeding screw conveyor 2, a vertical feeding screw conveyor 3, a furnace chamber 4, a primary air inlet A 5, a primary air inlet B 6, an ash overflow chamber 7, a secondary air inlet 8, a gas-solid separator 9, a post-combustion chamber 10 and an ash slag outlet 11; the feeding hopper 1 is connected to the horizontal feeding screw conveyor 2, the horizontal feeding screw conveyor 2 is connected to the vertical feeding screw conveyor 3, and the vertical feeding screw conveyor 3 is connected to the bottom of the furnace chamber 4 of the granulation-free lightweight material gasification combustion device; the primary air inlets 5 and 6 are arranged on the side surface of the bottom of the furnace chamber 4, and the ash slag outlet 11 is also arranged at the bottom of the furnace chamber 4; an overflow port is arranged in the middle of the furnace chamber 4, which is connected to the ash overflow chamber 7, and an ash outlet is arranged at the bottom of the ash overflow chamber 7; a secondary air inlet 8 and a flue gas outlet are arranged at the top of the furnace chamber 4, the flue gas outlet is connected to the gas-solid separator 9, the gas-solid separator (9) is connected to the post-combustion chamber 10, and the post-combustion chamber 10 is provided with a tail gas outlet.

[0016] A method for gasification combustion of granulation-free lightweight materials, in which the lightweight materials are added from the feeding hopper 1, and the lightweight materials are fed into the interior of the furnace chamber 4 from the bottom of the device through the horizontal feeding screw conveyor 2 and the vertical feeding screw conveyor 3 in sequence. Air is blown into the bottom of the furnace chamber 4 through the primary air inlet A 5 and the primary air inlet B 6, and the surrounding lightweight materials are blown upward along the device, so that a gasification reaction occurs in the bed layer of the furnace chamber 4; the medium ash carried by the gasification gas enters the ash overflow chamber 7 in the middle of the furnace chamber 4 and deposits in the ash overflow chamber 7 when passing through the overflow port, and the heavy ash returns to the bed layer and is discharged from the slag ash outlet 11; the gasification gas is mixed with secondary air in the upper part of the bed layer in the furnace chamber to undergo a combustion reaction, and the flue gas carrying lightweight ash enters the post-combustion chamber 10 from the flue gas outlet at the top of the furnace chamber 4 through the gas-solid separator 9, and enters the subsequent heat exchange equipment after being burned out.

Claims

1. A granulation-free lightweight material gasification and combustion device, characterized in that: The structure comprises a feeding hopper (1), a transverse feeding spiral auger feeder (2), a vertical feeding spiral auger feeder (3), a furnace (4), a primary air inlet A (5), a primary air inlet B (6), an ash overflow chamber (7), a secondary air inlet (8), a gas-solid separator (9), an afterburner chamber (10) and an ash discharge port (11); the feeding hopper (1) is connected to the transverse feeding spiral auger feeder (2), the transverse feeding spiral auger feeder (2) is connected to the vertical feeding spiral auger feeder (3), the vertical feeding spiral auger feeder (3) is connected to the free The furnace (4) of the device for gasifying and burning granular light materials is connected to the bottom of the furnace (4); the primary air inlet A (5) and the primary air inlet B (6) are arranged on the side of the bottom of the furnace (4), and the bottom of the furnace (4) is also provided with an ash outlet (11); an overflow port is arranged in the middle of the furnace (4) and connected to an ash overflow chamber (7), and an ash outlet is arranged at the bottom of the ash overflow chamber (7); a secondary air inlet (8) and a smoke outlet are arranged at the top of the furnace (4), and the smoke outlet is connected to a gas-solid separator (9), and the gas-solid separator (9) is connected to an afterburner (10), and the afterburner (10) is provided with an exhaust gas outlet.

2. A method for gasification and combustion of lightweight materials without granulation, characterized in that: Light materials are added from a hopper (1), and are fed into a furnace (4) from the bottom of the device in sequence through a horizontal feeding screw auger feeder (2) and a vertical feeding screw auger feeder (3). Air is blown into the bottom of the furnace (4) through a primary air inlet A (5) and a primary air inlet B (6), and the surrounding light materials are blown upward along the device, so that a gasification reaction occurs in the bed layer of the furnace (4); the medium ash carried by the gasification gas enters the ash overflow chamber (7) in the middle of the furnace (4) through the overflow port and is deposited in the ash overflow chamber (7), and the heavy ash returns to the bed layer and is discharged from the ash outlet (11); the gasification gas is mixed with the secondary air in the furnace above the bed layer to undergo a combustion reaction, and the smoke carrying the light ash enters the afterburner (10) from the smoke outlet at the top of the furnace (4) through a gas-solid separator (9), and enters the subsequent heat exchange equipment after being burned out.

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