1099 results about "Solid reaction" patented technology

A method of removing at least a portion of a silicon oxide material is disclosed. The silicon oxide is removed by exposing a semiconductor structure comprising a substrate and the silicon oxide to an ammonium fluoride chemical treatment and a subsequent plasma treatment, both of which may be effected in the same vacuum chamber of a processing apparatus. The ammonium fluoride chemical treatment converts the silicon oxide to a solid reaction product in a self-limiting reaction, the solid reaction product then being volatilized by the plasma treatment. The plasma treatment includes a plasma having an ion bombardment energy of less than or equal to approximately 20 eV. An ammonium fluoride chemical treatment including an alkylated ammonia derivative and hydrogen fluoride is also disclosed.

A process for production of a polyethylene blend in situ comprising contacting ethylene and at least one alpha-olefin with a magnesium/titanium based catalyst system including a partially activated precursor and a cocatalyst in each of two fluidized bed reactors connected in series, one of the provisos being that the precursor is formed by contacting an alkylaluminum halide with a solid reaction product prepared from a magnesium alkoxide, a titanium tetraalkoxide, and a solubility enhancing agent.

Methods of filling high aspect ratio, narrow width (e.g., sub-50 nm) gaps on a substrate are provided. The methods provide gap fill with little or no incidence of voids, seams or weak spots. According to various embodiments, the methods depositing dielectric material in the gaps to partially fill the gaps, then performing multi-step atomic layer removal process to selectively etch unwanted material deposited on the sidewalls of the gaps. The multi-step atomic layer removal process involves a performing one or more initial atomic layer removal operations to remove unwanted material deposited at the top of the gap, followed by one or more subsequent atomic layer removal operations to remove unwanted material deposited on the sidewalls of the gap. Each atomic layer removal operation involves selectively chemically reacting a portion of the fill material with one or more reactants to form a solid reaction product, which is then removed.

The invention discloses a method for preparing nitrogen-doped graphene which comprises the following steps of: drying a mixture of a carbon-containing precursor and a carbon-nitrogen-containing precursor; raising the temperature of the dried mixture to be 450-600 DEG C, and keeping the temperature to generate gray solid; and continuously raising the temperature of the gray solid to be 700-1000 DEG C, introducing protective gas, keeping the temperature to generate black solid, and obtaining the nitrogen-doped graphene. According to the method for preparing nitrogen-doped graphene in the embodiment, the nitrogen-doped graphene is obtained under normal pressure and high temperature through a solid-phase reaction, the whole preparation method is simple in process, the nitrogen-doped graphene can be obtained without complex equipment, and industrial production is easily performed. In addition, the invention also provides nitrogen-doped graphene.

(Problem)

In conventional method for producing artificial graphite, in order to obtain a product having excellent crystallinity, it was necessary to mold a filler and a binder and then repeat impregnation, carbonization and graphitization, and since carbonization and graphitization proceeded by a solid phase reaction, a period of time of as long as 2 to 3 months was required for the production and cost was high and further, a large size structure in the shape of column and cylinder could not be produced. In addition, nanocarbon materials such as carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber and carbon nanohorn could not be produced.

(Means to Solve)

A properly pre-baked filler is sealed in a graphite vessel and is subsequently subjected to hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment, thereby allowing gases such as hydrocarbon and hydrogen to be generated from the filler and precipitating vapor-phase-grown graphite around and inside the filler using the generated gases as a source material, and thereby, an integrated structure of carbide of the filler and the vapor-phase-grown graphite is produced. In addition, nanocarbon materials are produced selectively and efficiently by adding a catalyst or adjusting the HIP treating temperature.

The invention relates to a preparation method of lithium iron phosphate for the carbon cladding of a lithium ion battery. The prior lithium iron phosphate preparation technical art is complex, and has high cost. The invention has the synthetic process that: ferric oxide, phosphoric acid, simple organics and doped element compound are mixed and dried, the mol ratio of phosphate radical ion, ferric ion and doped element ion is 1:y:z, wherein, y is larger than or equal to 0.95 and smaller than or equal to 1, and y plus z is equal to 1; the mixture is added with lithium source compound, added with water to be mixed and dried, the mol ratio of lithium ion and phosphate radical ion is x:1, and x is larger than or equal to 0.95 and smaller than or equal to 1.05; the mixture which reacts for 2 to 20 hours under 500 to 800 DEG C is cooled in a furnace. The invention finally produces the precursor uniformly mixed with superfine crystal grain, and during the subsequent high temperature solid phase reaction, the end product lithium iron phosphate can be produced through shorter distance diffuseness of atoms. The end product has high purity, the crystallisation is good, the capacity is high, and the cycle stability is good.

A process of forming silicon-based nanowires heats high-surface-oxygen-content silicon powders to initiate vapor-solid reaction to form nanowires. The reaction gas is charged to react with the Si powders to form the silicon-based nanowires such as silicon nanowires or SiC nanowires. With control of the reaction gas, the components of the nanowires can be exactly controlled without the addition of metallic catalysts. Thereby, the nanowires can be made with reduced cost.

The invention discloses a nano reinforcing method for recycled aggregate concrete, which belongs to the technical fields of recycling comprehensive utilization of waste and production of building materials, and is mainly characterized by comprising the steps of: mixing and stirring a recycled aggregate and a nano particle dispersion for 5-10s; after the surface of the recycled aggregate is in a moist state, further mixing the recycled aggregate with all admixtures for 5-10s; and mixing and stirring with cement, water and a high-efficiency water reducing agent for 20-45s to obtain a nano-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete mixture. The nano reinforcing method has a principle that by changing a stirring process and introducing the nano dispersion, nano particles can be adsorbed into the opening pores and microcracks of the recycled aggregate, an admixture enriched layer is further formed on the surface of the recycled aggregate, the nano particles permeating into the interiors of the opening pores of the recycled aggregate and the admixture enriched layer formed on the surface of the recycled aggregate are used for jointly absorbing calcium hydroxide enriched on the surface and the pores of the recycled aggregate in the strength development process of the recycled aggregate concrete, a gelling material with higher strength is generated through hydration, liquid-phase or solid-phase reactions so as to reinforce the recycled aggregate per se and an interface between the recycled aggregate and set cement, and thus, the strength of the recycled aggregate concrete is enhanced. After the nano reinforcement, the recycled aggregate concrete has the 28-day compression strength improved by around 15-20%.

The invention relates to a solid phase preparation method for gamma-alumina with gradient distribution holes. The method comprises: adopting a solid phase reaction to obtain a precursor ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide, and carrying out calcination to obtain gamma-alumina with a high specific surface area, gradient distribution holes and a large pore volume. The most prominent characteristic of the present invention comprises adopting a raw material solid phase reaction synthesis technology and controlling the property of the resulting gamma-alumina through synthesis conditions. In addition, the method of the present invention has characteristics of simpleness, easy operation, no requirement of addition of a pore-expanding agent, and cost saving, and is suitable for industrial mass production.

The invention relates to a method for preparing black zirconia ceramics at the low temperature and belongs to the technical field of the preparation of high-temperature structural material. The method respectively uses a homogeneous precipitation method for synthesizing a nanometer coloring agent, and a coprecipitation method for synthesizing nanometer zirconia powder, and adopts Fe-Co-Ni-Mn as a coloring agent. The zirconia powder is not added with any sintering additive, only added with small amount of coloring agent and sintered at the temperature of 1150-1350 DEG C, thus obtaining the black zirconia ceramics with excellent performance and bright color. As the homogeneous precipitation method is adopted for synthesizing coloring agent powder, the monodisperse nanometer particles with uniform powder granules, narrow size distribution and high purity are obtained so that the coloring agent easily colors the particles. As the coprecipitation method is used for synthesizing zirconia powder, nanometer particles with small granularity, big superficial area and high activity are obtained, and can reduce the temperature of the solid-phase reaction, greatly reduce the sintering temperature and solve the problem that the black coloring agent oxide decomposes and volatiles at the high temperature. Simultaneously the method adopts the Fe-Co-Ni-Mn as the coloring agent, thus avoiding the poisonous function of Cr on the human body.

Industrial waste derived adsorbents were obtained by pyrolysis of sewage sludge, metal sludge, waste oil sludge and tobacco waste in some combination. The materials were used as media to remove hydrogen sulfide at room temperature in the presence of moisture. The initial and exhausted adsorbents after the breakthrough tests were characterized using sorption of nitrogen, thermal analysis, XRD, ICP, and surface pH measurements. Mixing tobacco and sludges result in a strong synergy enhancing the catalytic properties of adsorbents. During pyrolysis new mineral phases are formed as a result of solid state reaction between the components of the sludges. High temperature of pyrolysis is beneficial for the adsorbents due to the enhanced activation of carbonaceous phase and chemical stabilization of inorganic phase. Samples obtained at low temperature are sensitive to water, which deactivates their catalytic centers.

The invention provides a method for recovering a positive electrode material precursor and lithium carbonate from a positive electrode waste material of a lithium ion battery. The method comprises carrying out mechanical crushing on the waste produced by battery production or waste or old batteries, carrying out sorting to obtain impurity-containing positive electrode powder, carrying out immersion through a reducing agent-containing volatile leaching agent to obtain extract, carrying out concentration rectification, regenerating the volatile leaching agent, adjusting ingredients of the raffinate containing Co, Ni, Mn and Li, carrying out coprecipitation on Co, Ni and Mn, carrying out solid-liquid separation, further treating the Li-rich solution to obtain high-purity lithium carbonate, and carrying out a high temperature solid-phase reaction process on the mixed materials of Co, Ni and Mn precursors to obtain a positive electrode active material. The method is simple and is free of a complicated impurity removal process and an extraction enrichment technology. The extraction agent has a wide source, high extraction selectivity and high extraction efficiency. After the extraction reaction, the extraction agent can be recovered and recycled through concentration rectification. The method reduces a cost, can produce high-quality Co, Ni and Mn precursors and high-quality lithium carbonate and has a good application prospect.

The invention provides a novel quasi garnet-structured lithium ion conductor (Li7-xLa3Zr2-xSbxO12, wherein x is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.5) crystalline-state ceramic solid electrolyte material and a synthesis method thereof, and belongs to the field of lithium ion batteries. A novel quasi garnet-structured lithium ion conductor is synthesized by conventional solid-phase reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) diffraction peaks of Sb-doped samples show that the Sb-doped samples all have crystalline -state cubic phase quasi garnet-structures in the Sb doped range. The maximum lithium ion conductivity can reach 3.42*10<-4>S/cm at room temperature (30 DEG C). The sample is synthesized by the conventional solid phase method, a preparation process is simple, and sintering time is short. Zr is partially replaced by high-valence Sb, so the lithium ion vacancy is increased, the ionic conductivity is improved obviously, and antimonous oxide is low in price compared with zirconia, so manufacturing cost is reduced. Therefore, the synthesized compact ceramic solid electrolyte material can be probably applied to a lithium ion battery.

On the premise of deep hydrodesulfurization, the main problem in diesel fuel's hydrotreatment is to rid the refractory sulfide and hydrogenate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Loaded nickel phosphide catalyst demonstrates higher hydrodesulfurization activity and better activity stability. However, the traditional nickel phosphide catalyst is prepared by temperature programming of nickel phosphide, so that dispersion degree of active components is low. In the invention, through solid-phase reaction between phosphorous acid ions and nickel ions, bulk phase and loaded nickel phosphide catalyst with higher active component dispersion degree and fine catalytic activity are obtained at low temperature. The invention is applicable to diesel oil hydroprocessing.

A kinetic parameter analyzer for gas/solid reaction comprises an electric furnace arranged with a thermocouple; a micro-reactor loaded with flowing medium particles and positioned in the electric furnace; a pressure sensor and a temperature control device for controlling the temperature of the flowing medium particles, which are arranged in the reactor; a reactant supplier for supplying solid-state reactant to the flowing medium particles; a gas supply device arranged on the bottom of the reactor for providing gas into the reactor; a gas purifier and a detector sequentially communicated with the upper gas outlets of the reactor; a data collector with the input terminals thereof respectively connected with the output terminals of the pressure sensor, the temperature control device, a temperature display meter and the detector; and a computer for controlling the opening/closing of the reactant supplier and analyzing the data inputted by the data collector. The analyzer adopts a micro-fluidized bed or a micro-spouted bed as the reactor, which facilitates the online addition of the solid-state reactant, so that the reaction environment is more approximate to the actual environment and to the actual reaction conditions and that the measured kinetic parameters are more close to intrinsic reaction kinetics.

The invention discloses methods for making conducting polymer modified active carbon, relating to a method for preparing compound materials. The invention discloses two methods for preparing conducting polymer modified active carbon and application thereof in the field of environment purifying materials. The methods are characterized in that under the condition of an ultrasonic vibration or a solid phase reaction, a conducting polymer monomer is subjected to in situ polymerization reaction on the surface of the active carbon to obtain the active carbon/conducting polymer compound materials. The conducting polymer modified active carbon prepared by the methods still keeps higher specific surface area of the active carbon, has functionalities from the conducting polymer and excellent absorption performance to metal ions and organic materials in a water solution, and is a novel compound material for processing water pollution and purifying environment.

The invention provides a method for manufacturing an intermediate-frequency low-loss MnZn ferrite magnetic core. The method comprises the following steps of: A, preparing materials; B, grinding and mixing; C, pre-sintering; D, performing secondary grinding; E, pelleting; F, molding; and G, sintering. By adding a low-temperature fluxing agent, the solid-phase reaction is accelerated, so that the pre-sintering temperature is reduced, and the energy can be greatly saved on the basis of achieving the same effect of the solid-phase reaction. In addition, due to low pre-sintering temperature and better activity of the powder, the reaction can be carried out at low temperature. Therefore, the sintering temperature is reduced, and the energy is also saved. Meanwhile, the manufactured MnZn ferrite magnetic core has the advantages of lower loss and higher saturation magnetic flux density.

A laser triggered two-element three-primary-color fluorescent powder contains the blue-green powder, which is the barium magnesium aluminate activated by 2-valence Mn and 2-valence Eu and has main emission peaks in blue and green regions, and the red powder, which is the yttrium thioxide activated by 3-valuence Eu and has main emission peak in red region through proportional mixing and high-temp solid-phase reaction.