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Catalytic adsorbents obtained from municipal sludges, industrial sludges, compost and tobacco waste and process for their production

a technology of catalysts and adsorbents, which is applied in the direction of physical/chemical process catalysts, organic compound/hydride/coordination complex catalysts, and separation processes, etc., can solve the problems of weak dispersion interaction with the carbon surface, the chemical state of these species and their dispersion on the surface, and the potency of activated carbons. to retain certain molecules

Inactive Publication Date: 2007-05-24
RES FOUND THE CITY UNIV OF NEW YORK
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Benefits of technology

[0080] Advantages of the present invention include the fact that the sorbents obtained from industrial sludge have five times higher capacity for hydrogen sulfide removal than unmodified carbons. Their capacity is comparable to that of caustics impregnated carbon used worldwide as hydrogen sulfide adsorbents in sewage treatment plants. Furthermore, the kinetics of the removal process are very fast and no heat is released. Moreover, during adsorption, H2S reacts with inorganic matter and is oxidized to elemental sulfur. The product is environmentally inert. Importantly, the pH of the spent material is basic, so it can be safely discarded. Only small amounts of SO2 are released. Another advantage of the invention is that, since the sorbents are obtained from waste sludge, the significant amount of industrial and municipal waste can be recycled and reused in sewage treatment plants. The sorbents can be also used in desulfurization of gaseous fuels (for fuel cell applications) and in hydrothermal vents. The sorbents find another environmental application in removal of mercury from waste water. Furthermore, there is the possibility of regeneration of spent materials using heating to about 300° C. to remove elemental sulfur.
is that, since the sorbents are obtained from waste sludge, the significant amount of industrial and municipal waste can be recycled and reused in sewage treatment plants. The sorbents can be also used in desulfurization of gaseous fuels (for fuel cell applications) and in hydrothermal vents. The sorbents find another environmental application in removal of mercury from waste water. Furthermore, there is the possibility of regeneration of spent materials using heating to about 300° C. to remove elemental sulfur.

Problems solved by technology

This is owing to their large surface area and high volume of pores.
Often, these characteristics of activated carbons are not potent enough to retain certain molecules, especially small ones, for which the dispersive interactions with the carbon surface are rather weak.
To have the removal process efficient, the chemical state of these species and their dispersion on the surface are important issues.
Another important challenge is preservation of carbon porosity which is a crucial asset for the retention / storage of pollutants.
Taking into account the above requirements, in some cases modifications of a carbon surface, besides being a challenge, can also be associated with high expenses, especially when noble or catalytic metals are involved.

Method used

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  • Catalytic adsorbents obtained from municipal sludges, industrial sludges, compost and tobacco waste and process for their production
  • Catalytic adsorbents obtained from municipal sludges, industrial sludges, compost and tobacco waste and process for their production
  • Catalytic adsorbents obtained from municipal sludges, industrial sludges, compost and tobacco waste and process for their production

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

[0081] The homogeneous mixtures of waste sludges were prepared as listed in Table 3 and dried at 120° C. The dried samples were then crushed and pyrolized in a horizontal furnace at 950° C. for 30 min. The temperature ramp was 10 degrees / minute. An inert atmosphere was provided by 10 ml / min. flow of nitrogen. The yields, ash content and densities of materials are listed in Table 3.

TABLE 3Adsorbents' composition, yields, ash content and densities.WetDryYieldcompo-Solidcompo-(dryAshγSamplesitioncontentsitionmass)content*[g / cm3]WOWO:23.6WO:29920.48100%100%SSSS: 100%24.6SS: 100%45800.46MSMS: 100%23.4MS: 100%47@0.85WOSSWO: 50%—WO: 49%34@0.46SS: 50%SS: 51%WOMSWO: 50%—WO: 50%50@0.47MS: 50%MS: 50%WOSSMSWO: 40%—WO: 46%41@0.46SS: 40%SS: 31%MS 10%MS 23%

*Determined as mass left at 950° C. after in TA run in air.

@ - not determined due to reaction with air during burning

[0082] The performance of materials as sorbents for hydrogen sulfide was evaluated using lab developed breakthrough tests. A...

example 2

[0086] The homogeneous mixtures of waste sludges were prepared as listed in Table 8 and dried at 120° C. The dried samples were then crushed and pyrolized in a horizontal furnace at 650° C. for 30 min. The temperature ramp was 10 degrees / minute. An inert atmosphere was provided by 10 ml / min flow of nitrogen. The yields, ash content and densities of materials are listed in Table 8.

TABLE 8Adsorbents' composition, yield, and densitiesYieldWetSolidDry(dryγSamplecompositioncontentcompositionmass)[g / cm3]WOLTWO: 100%23.6WO: 100%320.26SSLTSS: 100%24.6SS: 100%470.52MSLTMS: 100%23.4MS: 100%0.47WOSSLTWO: 50%—WO: 49%0.36SS: 50%SS: 51%WOMSLTWO: 50%—WO: 50%580.38MS: 50%MS: 50%WOSSMSLTWO: 40%—WO: 46%460.38SS: 40%SS: 31%MS 10%MS 23%

*Determined as mass left at 950° C. after thermol analyses run in air.

LT—low temperature, 650° C.

[0087] The performance of materials as sorbents for hydrogen sulfide was evaluated using lab developed breakthrough tests. Adsorbent samples were packed into a column (le...

example 3

[0091] The homogeneous mixtures of waste sludges were prepared as listed in Table 12 and dried at 120° C. The dried samples were then crushed and pyrolyzed in a horizontal furnace at 950° C. for 60 min. The temperature ramp was 10 deg / min. An inert atmosphere was provided by 10 ml / min flow of nitrogen. The yields and densities of the materials are listed in Table 12.

TABLE 12Adsorbents' composition and their densitiesWetSolidDryγSamplecompositioncontentcomposition[g / cm3]WO60WO: 100%23.6WO: 100%0.47SS60SS: 100%24.6SS: 100%0.46MS60MS: 100%23.4MS: 100%0.84WOSS60WO: 50%—WO: 49%0.41SS: 50%SS: 51%WOMS60WO: 50%—WO: 50%0.46MS: 50%MS: 50%WOSSMS60WO: 40%—WO: 46%0.45SS: 40%SS: 31%MS 10%MS 23%

[0092] The performance of materials as sorbents for hydrogen sulfide was evaluated using lab developed breakthrough tests. Adsorbent samples were packed into a column (length 60 mm, diameter 9 mm, bed volume 6 cm3) and prehumidified with moist air (relative humidity 80% at 25° C.) for an hour. The amount ...

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Abstract

Industrial waste derived adsorbents were obtained by pyrolysis of sewage sludge, metal sludge, waste oil sludge and tobacco waste in some combination. The materials were used as media to remove hydrogen sulfide at room temperature in the presence of moisture. The initial and exhausted adsorbents after the breakthrough tests were characterized using sorption of nitrogen, thermal analysis, XRD, ICP, and surface pH measurements. Mixing tobacco and sludges result in a strong synergy enhancing the catalytic properties of adsorbents. During pyrolysis new mineral phases are formed as a result of solid state reaction between the components of the sludges. High temperature of pyrolysis is beneficial for the adsorbents due to the enhanced activation of carbonaceous phase and chemical stabilization of inorganic phase. Samples obtained at low temperature are sensitive to water, which deactivates their catalytic centers.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 60 / 715,788 filed Sep. 8, 2005; 60 / 782,593 filed Mar. 14, 2006; and 60 / 801,545 filed May 17, 2006. The entireties of the applications are incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] 1. Field of the Invention [0003] The invention relates to the formation of catalytic adsorbents formed from the pyrolysis of different types of sludges alone or in combination with composting materials. The sludges include municipal, industrial, waste oil and metal based sludges. The composting materials can include tobacco waste. [0004] 2. Discussion of the Related Art [0005] Growing concerns about the environment has resulted in the development of new environmentally friendly technologies, new materials, and new ways to reduce and minimize wastes. One of the wastes produced by contemporary society in abundant quantity is municipal sewage sludge, often...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): B01D53/02
CPCB01D53/02B01J20/3433B01D53/508B01D53/52B01D53/54B01D53/565B01D2253/102B01D2253/104B01D2253/112B01D2253/308B01D2253/311B01D2257/302B01D2257/304B01D2257/408B01D2259/40088B01J20/0229B01J20/0237B01J20/0244B01J20/041B01J20/06B01J20/08B01J20/103B01J20/20B01J20/28061B01J20/2808B01J20/3078B01J20/3483B01J2220/42B01J2220/4887B01J31/26B01J20/28069B01J20/3416B01D53/04B01J20/28059B01J20/24B01J20/22B01J20/3425B01D39/00B01D53/8612B01D2255/20738B01D2255/20761B01D2255/20792B01D2255/2092B01D2255/405B01J21/02B01J23/005B01J23/06B01J23/72B01J23/745
Inventor BANDOSZ, TERESA J.
Owner RES FOUND THE CITY UNIV OF NEW YORK
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