92 results about "Metal ions in aqueous solution" patented technology

The invention discloses a preparation method of functional polymer, in particular to the preparation method of activated carbon composites which is used in water treatment in the technical field of environmental purification material. The procedures of the method are as following: firstly, putting powdered activated carbon materials into nitric acid to stir, wash, filter and dry; secondly, scattering monomer of polymer evenly into solvent to prepare into solution; thirdly, putting the solution obtained from the second procedure into the active carbon processed in the first procedure to stir evenly; fourthly, putting the solution into a sealed container in zero DEG C; filling the container with nitrogen and sealing the container for the solution to make polyreaction; washing up the obtained complexes with ethanol, then drying up the complexes and then obtaining a polymer which is active carbon complexes. The functional polymer which is activated carbon composites prepared by the invention keeps high specific surface, has functionality from polymer, has good adsorption performance to the metallic ion and organic matter in aqueous solution and is a novel composite material for water pollution treatment and environment purification.

The invention relates to the modification technology of natural zeolite material and aims to provide a nitrogen oxide adsorbent prepared through ion exchange modification of the natural zeolite. The adsorbent is prepared through the following step: adding the natural zeolite after dealumnization processing and ammonium exchange processing into metal salt aqueous solution to be subjected to metal ion exchange; and washing, drying and then roasting at the high temperature of 300-600 DEG C for 1-5 hours to obtain the nitrogen oxide adsorbent of modified natural zeolite containing corresponding metal elements, wherein the metal salt is any one of hydrochloride, nitrate, sulfate or oxalate of Na, Ca, K, Ba, Ti, Mn, Ni or Cu. The nitrogen oxide adsorbent prepared through modification of the natural zeolite can be used as an environment function material for adsorbing and purifying the industrial tail gas, flue gas and automobile exhaust containing nitrogen oxide. The nitrogen oxide adsorbent is low in production cost and large in adsorption quantity, and has a broad market prospect as the environment function material.

The present invention relates to a small fuel cell and a small fuel cell stack each allowing for improved output. Conventionally, in a direct methanol fuel cell, carbon dioxide gas produced at an anode electrode side is exhausted together with a methanol aqueous solution. From the methanol aqueous solution, the carbon dioxide gas is separated, and then the methanol aqueous solution is reused as fuel. In this case, a liquid-gas separation device needs to be provided additionally, which results in a large fuel cell with an increased weight, disadvantageously. The present invention is made to solve such a problem by providing a fuel cell including a first unit cell having a cathode electrode, an electrolyte membrane, an anode electrode, and an anode collector layer in this order; and one or more spacers arranged on the anode collector layer. The anode collector layer has a fuel flow path for supplying fuel to the anode electrode, and a through hole for exhausting a reaction product generated by reaction in the anode electrode. Each of the spacers has an exhaust flow path for exhausting the reaction product to outside the fuel cell. The through hole and the exhaust flow path communicate with each other.

The invention discloses methods for making conducting polymer modified active carbon, relating to a method for preparing compound materials. The invention discloses two methods for preparing conducting polymer modified active carbon and application thereof in the field of environment purifying materials. The methods are characterized in that under the condition of an ultrasonic vibration or a solid phase reaction, a conducting polymer monomer is subjected to in situ polymerization reaction on the surface of the active carbon to obtain the active carbon/conducting polymer compound materials. The conducting polymer modified active carbon prepared by the methods still keeps higher specific surface area of the active carbon, has functionalities from the conducting polymer and excellent absorption performance to metal ions and organic materials in a water solution, and is a novel compound material for processing water pollution and purifying environment.

The invention provides an active/controllable graphene oxide surface ion imprinted polymer, and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of preparation and separation of materials, wherein the graphene oxide surface ion imprinted polymer is prepared from a coupling agent, a functional monomer, a cross-linking agent and an initiator by using graphene oxide as a substrate and metal ions as a template in a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization manner. The problems to be solved in the invention are as follows: the thickness of a surface polymer layer is uncontrollable; template molecules cannot be thoroughly eluted because of being embedded deeply; and the adsorption rate is low, etc; the graphene oxide surface ion imprinted polymer is mainly used for adsorbing corresponding metal ions in aqueous solution and has good absorption effect at room temperature and obvious selective separation effect; and the graphene oxide surface ion imprinted polymer can be reused frequently.

The invention relates to a self-reinforced hybrid hydrogel used for artificial muscles and a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, sodium alginate is used as a high-molecular skeleton, acrylamide and derivative thereof are used as polymerizable monomers, divinyl benzene, N,N'-methylene bis acrylamide or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate is used as a chemical cross-linking agent, an aqueous metal salt solution is used as an ion cross-linking agent, and then the hydrogel with high elasticity and high toughness is prepared. During a process of preparing the hydrogel, an organic matter emulsion containing metal ion aqueous solution is added. When the prepared hydrogel is stretched by external forces to a certain extent, the gel deforms to extrude the organic matter emulsion, and metal ions are released and then crosslinked with the sodium alginate in the hybrid gel, thereby substantially improving gel intensity and preventing gel fracture. The preparation method has advantages of good controllability, simple technology and low cost, the obtained hydrogel material can be self-reinforced, and is expected to be applied in fields of artificial cartilage, artificial muscle, flexible robot manufacture, etc.

The present invention relates to a preparation method, structure characteristics and applications of a metal nanowire network/mesoporous silica core-shell structure catalyst. The preparation method comprises: dissolving a surfactant in a hydrophobic solvent, adding a metal salt aqueous solution and a reducing agent, finally adding an orthosilicate compound, transferring to a stainless steel reaction kettle to crystallize, and carrying out washing, drying and calcining to obtain the metal nanowire network/mesoporous silica core-shell structure catalyst. With the preparation method of the present invention, the metal nanowire network catalyst having different metal composition and different mesoporous silica thicknesses can be obtained, the method has characteristics of simple operation, rapid reaction, easy surfactant removing, good stability, and easy synthesis amplifying, and the prepared nanometer catalyst can be used for the fields of petrochemical industry, pollution control, fuel cells and the like.

The invention belongs to the field of chemical power supply, and relates to a rechargeable aqueous ion battery with long life and high energy density. The rechargeable aqueous ion battery comprises an positive pole film, a negative pole film, a diaphragm and electrolyte, and is characterized in that the electrolyte adopts an alkali metal ion aqueous solution containing a buffering agent; cations of the buffering agent are one or more kinds of lithium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, hydrogen ions and ammonium; and anions of the buffering agent are one or more kinds of acetate, phosphate radical, carbonate, citrate and formate. The rechargeable aqueous ion battery has the characteristics that the electrolyte of the aqueous ion battery contains the buffering agent, the buffering agent can stabilize the pH value of the system in the battery charge-discharge process, and side reaction of oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution is inhibited, so that the energy density of the battery is increased, and the cycle life is prolonged. The rechargeable aqueous ion battery has high electrochemical energy, good cycle performance, environmental protection and the like and has broad market prospect.

The invention provides a metal oxide coated lithium nickel manganese oxide material, a preparation method of the metal oxide coated lithium nickel manganese oxide material and a lithium ion battery, belongs to the technical field of the lithium ion battery and can solve the problem that the existing lithium nickel manganese oxide material has poor circulating performance and is unsuitable for large-scale production. The preparation method of the metal oxide coated lithium nickel manganese oxide material, which is provided by the invention, comprises the following steps: preparing aqueous solution of soluble metal salt, adding a lithium nickel manganese oxide material into the aqueous solution and adding a precipitating agent containing carbanion into the aqueous solution to ensure metal ions in the aqueous solution to be precipitated on the material surface of the lithium nickel manganese oxide material to obtain precipitates, wherein the soluble metal salt is soluble nickel salt or soluble manganese salt; and in the oxygen-containing atmosphere, low temperature sintering on the precipitates is carried out to obtain the metal oxide coated lithium nickel manganese oxide material. The lithium nickel manganese oxide material is prepared by the method. An anode of the lithium ion battery provided by the invention comprises the lithium nickel manganese oxide material.

The invention relates to the field of semiconductor materials and aims at providing a preparation method of a three-dimensional porous g-C3N4 material. The preparation method of the three-dimensional porous g-C3N4 material comprises the following three steps: A, dropwise adding an H2SO4 aqueous solution into a melamine aqueous solution at the temperature of 80 DEG C to form white suspension liquid; continuously stirring for 2 hours to obtain precipitate; filtering the precipitate, washing with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying for 24 hours to obtain melamine sulphate; B, putting the melamine sulphate into a corundum boat, then putting the corundum boat in a tubular furnace for sintering, and after the tubular furnace is cooled to room temperature, grinding the obtained yellow polymerization product to obtain powdery particles, namely g-C3N4 particles are obtained; and C, carrying out a g-C3N4 hydrothermal protonation technology. The preparation method of the three-dimensional porous g-C3N4 material has the beneficial effects that polymerization temperature of g-C3N4 is effectively reduced, polymerization energy of melamine is reduced through protonation on the melamine, and the melamine can be polymerized at relatively low temperature to generate graphite-like g-C3N4.

The invention relates to a derivative electrocatalyst for growing Prussian blue or Prussian blue analogues in situ on a metal substrate and a preparation method of the derivative electrocatalyst. Themethod comprises the following steps: pre-treating the metal substrate, immersing the metal substrate into a metal cyanate aqueous solution or a metal cyanate alcoholic solution, and adding an acid into the system so as to obtain a substrate on which Prussian blue or Prussian blue analogues grow; and calcining the substrate so as to obtain the derivative electrocatalyst for growing Prussian blue or Prussian blue analogues in situ on the metal substrate. According to the method disclosed by the invention, in-situ growth of derivatives of the Prussian blue or Prussian blue analogues can be realized on multiple metal substrates, varieties of metal cyanide ions are regulated, products of different morphologies, compositions and physicochemical properties can be obtained, the prepared electrocatalyst can directly serve as an electrode, use of an adhesive is avoided, the preparation process is simplified, the resistance is reduced, and rapid electron transfer and effective mass transfer processes can be ensured, so that the catalytic activity is improved.

The invention discloses a macroscopic quantity preparation method of dispersed silver nanowires and belongs to the technical field of silver nanowire preparation. The method includes the steps that firstly, silver salt, surfactant and a reductive polyalcohol solvent are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: (0.2-5): (0.4-50), and a uniform reaction solution A is formed; secondly, a metal haloid aqueous solution 0.002 time to 2 times of the mass of the reaction solution A is added into the reaction solution A, uniform stirring is performed, and a reaction solution B is obtained; and thirdly, the reaction solution B is placed in a container, heat preservation is performed for 3 h to 30 h at the temperature ranging from 100 DEG C to 300 DEG C, cooling is performed till room temperature is achieved, a cleaning agent of the same volume as the reaction solution B is used for cleaning the reaction solution B, and then the silver nanowires are obtained. The method is simple in step and easy to operate and has the beneficial effects that operation is convenient and fast, macroscopic quantity preparation of the silver nanowires can be achieved, the obtained silver nanowires have very good crystallinity, uniformity and high length-diameter ratio, and industrialized production is convenient.

A fuel cell system is provided which can constantly control a fuel concentration of a liquid fuel supplied to a fuel cell, such as a DMFC. A DMFC system comprises a high-concentration cartridge in which a methanol aqueous solution having a concentration higher than a target fuel concentration is sealed, a water cartridge in which water is sealed, a mixing tank for mixing the methanol aqueous solution from the high-concentration cartridge with the water from the water cartridge to prepare the methanol aqueous solution having the target fuel concentration, and the DMFC for generating electricity by being supplied with the methanol aqueous solution from the mixing tank and air.

The invention discloses double-stimulation response drug based on EGCG and metal ions and a preparation method. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) adding water-soluble drug in a dimethyl imidazole aqueous solution, pouring the mixture in water which contains polyvinylpyrrolidone and zinc nitrate, stirring and centrifuging, and washing with deionized water to obtain zeolimidazole skeleton-8 particles which contains the water-soluble drug; and (2) dispersing the zeolimidazole skeleton-8 particles which contains the water-soluble drug in deionized water, adding an epigallocatechin gallate aqueous solution, vibrating to enable the components to be dispersed uniformly, adding a metal salt aqueous solution, vibrating to enable the components to be dispersed uniformly, adding a 3-(N-morpholine) sodium proparesulfonic acid salt buffer solution, vibrating, centrifuging, washing with water, washing with an EDTA aqueous solution, and washing with deionized water to obtain the double-stimulation response drug based on EGCG and metal ions. Preparation conditions are gentle, activity of the water-soluble drug and use safety of a carrier are guaranteed, raw materials are low in cost and easy to obtain, and the preparation process is simple.

The invention relates to a methanol steam reforming hydrogen production copper-based catalyst activation method. The method includes steps: heating a catalyst bed layer from the normal temperature toan activation temperature, keeping the temperature constant, subjecting activator methanol aqueous solution to preheating vaporization in a preheater, feeding into the catalyst bed layer, carrying outcatalyst activation reaction, cooling outlet tail gas of a reactor bed layer in an activation process through a condenser, performing gas-liquid separation, analyzing separated gas phase composition,and stopping feeding of the methanol aqueous solution after activation is finished when the gas phase composition is stable. The activation process is simple and easy to control, high in reduction efficiency, low in activation cost and can be widely applied to activation of methanol steam reforming hydrogen production copper-based catalysts in methanol fuel cell systems.

An electrolyte membrane includes a nanocomposite ion complex that is a reaction product of a nanocomposite with a basic polymer. The nanocomposite includes a polymer having a sulfonic acid group and an unmodified clay. Either the unmodified clay has a layered structure and is dispersed in the polymer having the sulfonic acid group, and the polymer is intercalated between layers of the clay or the unmodified clay has an exfoliated structure and the exfoliated layers of the unmodified clay are dispersed in the polymer. The electrolyte membrane shows high mechanical strength, high ionic conductivity, and excellent methanol crossover impeding properties even when the degree of sulfonation of the polymer having the sulfonic acid group is high. When a methanol aqueous solution is used as a fuel, the fuel cell including the electrolyte membrane has a low methanol crossover, and thus, has a high operational efficiency and a long lifetime.

The invention discloses a method for differentiating multiple types of metal ions through single indicator. The method comprises the following steps of 1, mixing metal ion indicator with surfactant, or mixing the metal ion indicator with a NaOH aqueous solution, so that the single indicator is obtained; 2, mixing the single indicator with different metal ion aqueous solutions separately, collecting images obtained before and after mixing, and extracting color change data of the images obtained before and after mixing; 3, mixing the metal ion aqueous solution to be detected with the single indicator, collecting color change of the images before and after the metal ion aqueous solution to be detected is mixed with the single indicator, and comparing the color change with the color change data obtained in step 2, so that the categories of the metal ions in the metal ion aqueous solution to be detected are obtained. By means of the method for differentiating multiple types of metal ions through the single indicator, multiple types of metal ions in the aqueous solution can be rapidly detected.

The invention relates to the field of semi-conducting materials and provides a preparation method of an InVO4/g-C3N4 composite material. The preparation method comprises the following steps of dropwisely adding a H2SO4 aqueous solution into a melamine aqueous solution to obtain a white fluid suspension, carrying out stirring at a temperature of 80 DEG C for 2h to obtain precipitates, filtering the precipitates, washing the precipitates by distilled water and anhydrous ethanol, carrying out drying to obtain melamine sulphate, acquiring g-C3N4 particles, dispersing the g-C3N4 particles into anhydrous ethanol to obtain a dispersed system, dropwisely adding an ammonium metavanadate aqueous solution into the mixed solution to obtain a yellow clear solution, carrying out stirring to obtain precipitates, carrying out filtration and washing on the precipitates, adding a surfactant into the precipitates, carrying out a hydrothermal reaction process, and filtering the produced precipitates to obtain the InVO4/g-C3N4 composite material. The preparation method realizes InVO4 nano-crystal nucleation and growth and promotes in-situ growth of the InVO4 nano-crystal on the surfaces of loose g-C3N4 particles.

The invention provides a smoke denitrification method, comprising the following steps: after a metal cation aqueous solution serving as a complexing absorbent is atomized, spraying smoke containing nitric oxide to generate a nitric oxide complex; and decomposing the generated nitric oxide complex into nitrogen and metal cations under the acidic condition. The invention also provides smoke denitrification equipment using the method. In the method, the metal cation aqueous solution serves as the complexing absorbent, and denitrification can be carried out in a simple and easy mode so as to simplify the technical flows and eliminate the possibility of secondary pollution; meanwhile, the concentration of the metal cations is limited within the optimized range obtained from multiple times of experiments so as to improve the efficacy of the production technology; and in addition, an experiment proves that the pH value of the complexing absorbent is set to be within 6-7 so as to quicken the reaction progress and cause no adverse influence on production equipment.

A process for the preparation of a granulated or pelletized sorption medium from a partially decomposed organic material like peat, followed by low-temperature thermal activation of the sorption medium to produce a high degree of granule or pellet hardness balanced against an efficacious level of ion-exchange and adsorption capacity, followed by chemical treatment of the sorption material via a preselected solution of soluble salts (called “APTsorb II*M”) for use in a wastewater treatment process where competing toxic metal cations are present in the wastewater is provided by this invention. Depending upon the M⁺ cations contributed to the peat granule sorption activity sites by the preselected salt used in the salt solution treatment step, the granules exhibit a selectivity α of a first type of more-toxic metal cations (such as cadmium, lead, copper, or other metals at high concentrations) over a second type of less-toxic metal cations of (such as zinc, aluminum, or iron) in the wastewater; greater adsorption activity for the first type of more-toxic metal cations; and greater breakthrough capacity for the first type of more-toxic metal cations. This allows the end user to target the more-toxic metals for adsorption by the sorption medium containing the cations contributed by the preselected solution of soluble salts.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a double-metal cyanidation complex catalyst. The method comprises the steps that: a metal cyanide aqueous solution is added into a metal salt solution; crown ether is added and a reaction is carried out; an obtained precipitate is separated by centrifugation; the precipitate is grinded, an organic ligand/water mixed liquid is used for pulping and washing the precipitate; a precipitate is then obtained by centrifugation; puling washing and centrifugation are repeated once or twice; an organic ligand is added into an obtained precipitate for pulping, and a precipitate is separated by centrifugation again; the precipitate is dried, such that the double-metal cyanidation complex catalyst is obtained. With the preparation method provided by the invention, a preparation period is substantially reduced; dosages of the metal salt and the ligand are greatly reduced; and the cost is reduced. The catalytic efficiency of the double-metal cyanidation complex catalyst provided by the invention is equal to a double-metal cyanidation complex catalyst prepared by prior art, but is higher than a catalyst which is not prepared by using crown ether under same conditions. The carbonate bond content of a polymer obtained under the catalytic effect of the double-metal cyanidation complex catalyst provided by the invention is higher than that of the catalyst which is not prepared by using crown ether. Also, the high catalytic performance of the catalyst provided by the invention make the catalyst suitable for the productions of polyether glycol.

The invention provides a method for pretreating an aqueous solution containing organic amine compounds and a determination method. The method for pretreating the aqueous solution containing the organic amine compounds comprises the following steps of: adding sodium hydroxide into the aqueous solution, and regulating the pH value of the aqueous solution to be more than 11 so as to ensure that metal ions in the aqueous solution are subjected to chemical reaction to obtain a metal hydroxide precipitate; dry-filtering to obtain a filtrate and the metal hydroxide precipitate, washing the metal hydroxide precipitate and a precipitation reaction container, and collecting a washing liquid into the filtrate; reducing the temperature of the filtrate to ensure that inorganic salts in the filtrate are crystallized and precipitated from the filtrate; and dry-filtering the filtrate which is subjected to temperature reduction to remove inorganic salt crystals and obtain a clear liquid, namely a sample solution. The determination method comprises the following step of: performing assay determination on the sample solution by one or more methods of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to obtain the content of the organic amine compounds.

The invention provides a preparation method of an enhanced aluminum calcium chloride crystal, which mainly solves the problems of special raw material requirements, high possibility of radiation pollution and poor water purification effect in flocculant preparation in the prior art. The method comprises the steps of: 1) preparing a magnesium ion aqueous solution, an aluminum ion aqueous solution, a calcium ion aqueous solution, a hydroxide ion aqueous solution, a surfactant aqueous solution and a sodium carbonate suspension, 2) mixing, heating and stirring the aluminum ion aqueous solution, the calcium ion aqueous solution, the hydroxide ion aqueous solution and the surfactant aqueous solution to prepare a multiphase aluminum calcium chloride suspension, 3) controlling pH (potential of hydrogen) of a reaction solution, mixing, heating and stirring the magnesium ion aqueous solution, the sodium carbonate suspension and the multiphase aluminum calcium chloride suspension to prepare an enhanced multiphase aluminum calcium chloride suspension, performing room temperature standing on the suspension, obtaining a precipitate of the suspension, and drying the precipitate to form the enhanced aluminum calcium chloride crystal. The method is simple in technology, nontoxic, environmentally friendly and low in cost; and the prepared material contributes to improving purification quality of sewage and can be used for water purification treatment.

The invention discloses an empagliflozin quick-release pellet preparation and a preparation method, and relates to the field of pharmaceutic preparation techniques and applications. An administration mode of the quick-release pellet preparation is oral administration; a blank pellet core is taken as a carrier; an empagliflozin aqueous solution containing a cosolvent and an adhesive is a drug layering solution; the dosage of empagliflozin is 0.0025-0.3wt% of the dosage of the pellet core; and the oral dosage of the empagliflozin is not higher than 50mcg. The empagliflozin quick-release pellet preparation has the characteristics of high drug layering rate, good content homogeneity, quick release, rapid effect in abirritation, good clinic compliance, high safety and the like. In addition, a blank pellet core fluidized bed drug layering method is suitable for preparing a very-low-specification oral empagliflozin preparation.