213 results about "Polyaromatic hydrocarbon" patented technology

The invention relates to libraries of synthetic test compound attached to separate phase synthesis supports. In particular, the invention relates to libraries of synthetic test compound attached to separate phase synthesis supports that also contain coding molecules that encode the structure of the synthetic test compound. The molecules may be polymers or multiple nonpolymeric molecules. Each of the solid phase synthesis support beads contains a single type of synthetic test compound. The synthetic test compound can have backbone structures with linkages such as amide, urea, carbamate (i.e., urethane), ester, amino, sulfide, disulfide, or carbon-carbon, such as alkane and alkene, or any combination thereof. Examples of subunits suited for the different linkage chemistries are provided. The synthetic test compound can also be molecular scaffolds, such as derivatives of monocyclic of bicyclic carbohydrates, steroids, sugars, heterocyclic structures, polyaromatic structures, or other structures capable of acting as a scaffolding. Examples of suitable molecular scaffolds are provided. The invention also relates to methods of synthesizing such libraries and the use of such libraries to identify and characterize molecules of interest from among the library of synthetic test compound.

The present invention relates to smoking articles such as cigarettes, and in particular to catalytic systems containing metallic or carbonaceous particles that reduce the content of certain harmful or carcinogenic substances, including polyaromatic hydrocarbons, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, carbazole, phenol, and catechol, in mainstream cigarette smoke and in side stream cigarette smoke.

A low energy method of pyrolysis of rubber or other hydrocarbon material is provided. The hydrocarbon material is heated while maintaining a vacuum, using a clay catalyst. In an additional embodiment, the temperature of the reaction chamber and corresponding fuel input is varied either over time or spatially within the reaction chamber, to take advantage of the exothermic properties of the reaction. With the method of the present invention, a higher quality solid reaction product can be achieved, as well as a liquid having reduced polyaromatic hydrocarbons and oxidized organic contaminants.

Disclosed is a ribbon of graphene less than 3 nm wide, more preferably less than 1 nm wide. In a more preferred embodiment, there are multiple ribbons of graphene each with a width of one of the following dimensions: the length of 2 phenyl rings fused together, the length of 3 phenyl rings fused together, the length of 4 phenyl rings fused together, and the length of 5 phenyl rings fused together. In another preferred embodiment the edges of the ribbons are parallel to each other. In another preferred embodiment, the ribbons have at least one arm chair edge and may have wider widths.The invention further comprises a method of making a ribbon of graphene comprising the steps of:a. placing one or more polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) precursors on a substrate;b. applying UV light to the PAH until one or more intermolecular bonds are formed between adjacent PAH molecules; andc. applying heat to the PAH molecules to increase the number of intermolecular bonds that are formed to create a ribbon of graphene.The invention further comprises an electrical device structure having two or more ribbons of graphene in surface to surface contact with a non conductive substrate. Each of the ribbons has a width less than 3 nm and each of the ribbons has edges that are parallel to one another. In a preferred embodiment the ribbons comprise a channel in a Field Effect Transistor (FET).

The invention relates to a method for producing high-arene environment-friendly rubber oil. The method comprises the steps of taking heavy-solvent extract oil of a lubricating-oil solvent-refining device as raw material, adding an auxiliary agent to the raw material and then refining solvent, wherein the heavy-solvent extract oil has the flash point higher than 200 DEG C, the kinematic viscosity greater than 15.0 mm<2> / s at 100 DEG C and the CA value greater than 35.0 percent; the auxiliary agent is single-hydrocarbon or light-hydrocarbon oil with low density, low viscosity and boiling point between 80 and 300 DEG C; the solvent is N-methyl pyrrolidone, phenol or furfural; a refining tower has the temperature between 50 and 100 DEG C on the top and has the temperature between 30 and 100 DEG C on the bottom; and the mass ratio of the raw material to the auxiliary agent to the solvent is 1.0:0.1-0.5:2.0-5.0. Refined oil is high in arene content; the CA value of the refined oil is above 19.0 percent; the arene content of the refined oil is greater than 50.0 percent; the PCA content of the refined oil determined by an IP346 method is less than 3.0 percent; the benzopyrene of the refined oil is less than 1 PPM; and the total content of eight specific polyaromatic hydrocarbon is less than 10 PPM.

An embodiment of the invention is a composition of diesel, biodiesel or blended fuel (DF) with exhaust gas (EG) mixtures or with liquid CO2. The composition is in a liquid state near the supercritical region or a supercritical fluid mixture such that it quasi-instantaneously diffuses into the compressed and hot air as a single and homogeneous supercritical phase upon injection in a combustion chamber. Suitable temperatures and pressures are greater than about 300° C. and 100 bar, and the mole fraction of EG or CO2 (XEG or XCO2) in DF is in the range of 0.0-0.9. In a combustion process embodiment, composition embodiments are injected into a combustion chamber under supercritical conditions. The content of EG or CO2 in DF can be controlled as a function of engine operating parameters such as rpm and load. The thermodynamic and transport properties of supercritical DF-EG or DF-CO2 compositions can be more easily tuned and controlled than subcritical two-phase compositions. Delivery of the DF-EG or DF-CO2 composition into the combustion chamber as a homogeneous isotropic single-phase composition provides a significant increase in engine efficiency. Combustion process and fuel system embodiments of the invention provide an improved composition process with reduced formation of particulate matter (PM), aldehydes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), CO, NOx, and SOx.

The invention discloses achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp.xylosoxidans LH-N25 with CGMCC No.6972. The invention also discloses a heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification microorganism bactericide. The microorganism bactericide comprises achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp.xylosoxidans LH-N25 or also comprises paracoccus aminovorans LH-N40; and the strains are combined according to any ratio. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the microorganism bactericide. The microorganism bactericide disclosed by the invention not only can solve the problem that total nitrogen cannot be easily removed in the traditional reactor, but also can effectively remove ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in a water body in the same reactor, and has tolerance and degradation ability on the toxic substances such as phenols, amines, hetercyclics, cyanogens and polyaromatic hydrocarbon in the wastewater at the same time. The microorganism bactericide is especially suitable for chemical wastewater containing nitrogen, is simple in treatment process, stable in effect, and resistant to impact of environmental toxic substances, and has a wide application prospect in treatment of chemical wastewater containing nitrogen.

The invention discloses an acclimatization and screening method for heterotrophic nitrification aerobic denitrifying bacteria. According to the invention, the heterotrophic nitrification aerobic denitrifying bacteria are obtained through shaking flask enrichment, sludge accumulation, SBR reactor batch acclimation and low-DO (Dissolved Oxygen) process gradual acclimation and isolation and screening, and a method for efficiently acquiring target strains is established. According to the screening method of the invention, the heterotrophic nitrification aerobic denitrifying bacteria can be successfully screened, further, microbial preparation prepared with the screened bacteria as active components can be used for effectively depriving ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in the water, meanwhile, and the preparation has tolerance and degradation ability for phenols, amines, heterocyclic materials, cyanogens and polyaromatic hydrocarbons and other toxic materials in waste water, has strong accommodative ability and has great application prospect in actual engineering application.

A hydrocarbon composition is provided containing:at least 5 wt. % of hydrocarbons having boiling point in the range from an initial boiling point of the composition up to 204° C.;at least 10 wt. % of hydrocarbons having a boiling point in the range from 204° C. up to 260° C.;at least 25 wt. % of hydrocarbons having a boiling point in the range from 260° C. up to 343° C.;at least 30 wt. % gram of hydrocarbons having a boiling point in the range from 343° C. to 538° C.; andat most 3 wt. % of hydrocarbons having a boiling point of greater than 538° C.;wherein the composition contains aromatic hydrocarbons including mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, di-aromatic hydrocarbons, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, where the combined mono-aromatic hydrocarbon compounds and di-aromatic hydrocarbon compounds are present in a weight ratio relative to the polyaromatic hydrocarbon compounds of at least 1.5:1.0.

A process for reducing content of sulphur compounds and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in a hydrocarbon feed having a boiling range between 200° C. and 600° C., which process comprises in combination contacting the feed and hydrogen over a hydrotreating catalyst and hydrotreating feed at hydrotreating conditions, cooling the hydrotreated effluent and hydrogen-rich gas from the hydrotreating reactor contacting said effluent and hydrogen gas over a hydrotreating catalyst in a post-pretreatment reactor at a temperature sufficient to lower the polyaromatic hydrocarbon content.

The invention relates to a method for refining vacuum gas oil, which can be used for producing environment-friendly rubber extending oil with a high content of aromatic hydrocarbon and a low content of polyaromatic hydrocarbon. The method is characterized in that furfural, N-methyl pyrrolidone, phenol and dimethyl sulfoxide are used as solvent for extraction in an extraction tower, the solvent is fed in from the upper part of the extraction tower, vacuum distillate is fed in from the lower part of the extraction tower, the solvent and the vacuum distillate are in countercurrent contact, then refined solution flows out of the top of the extraction tower, and refined oil can be obtained after solvent recovery through evaporation and stripping; and primary extract solution on the tower bottom is fed into the middle upper part of a secondary extraction tower, extract oil is fed into the lower part of the secondary extraction tower, fresh solvent is fed into the upper part of the secondary extraction tower, then secondary refined solution flows out of the top of the secondary extraction tower, secondary refined oil can be obtained after solvent recovery through evaporation and stripping and can be used as the environment-friendly rubber extending oil with a high content of aromatic hydrocarbon, secondary extract solution flows out of the bottom of the secondary extraction tower, extract oil can be obtained after solvent recovery through evaporation and stripping, part of the extract oil returns to the lower part of the secondary extraction tower, and the rest of the extract oil is thrown out as the product.

The invention discloses a method for preparing an absorbent for a polyaromatic hydrocarbon pollutant. The method comprises the following step that: a biomass porous adsorption material and cationic surfactant are subjected to modification reaction, wherein a cationic surfactant comprises a quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant and a polymeric cationic surfactant, and is a cationic surfactant, of which the molecules carry C8-C24 alkyl, which can be dissolved in water, can generate ionization, and can remarkably affect wettability between solid and liquid. The invention also discloses the adsorbent for the polyaromatic hydrocarbon pollutant and application thereof. The adsorbent for the polyaromatic hydrocarbon pollutant can be used for polyaromatic hydrocarbon treatment of domestic sewage advanced treatment, and removal rate can be over 95 percent; and the preparation method has the advantages of wide raw material sources, low cost and simple process.

Polymer fibers having a novel cross-sectional geometry are used as stationary phase materials for liquid chromatography separations. Fibers of 20 to 50 micrometer diameters have surface-channel structures extending their entire lengths. Bundles of fibers having this novel cross-sectional geometry are packed in columns. Different polymer compositions permit the “chemical tuning” of the separation process. Channeled fibers composed of polystyrene and polypropylene have been used to separate mixtures of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Pb-containing compounds and fatty acids. Use of channeled fibers allows a wide range of liquid flow rates with very low backing pressures. Applications in HPLC, cap-LC, prep-scale separations, analytical separations, single fiber separations, waste remediation / immobilization, extraction of selected organic molecules / ions from solution, purification of liquid streams (process waste, drinking water, pure solvents), selective extraction of cell matter and bacteria from growth media, and immobilization of cell matter and bacteria are envisioned.

The invention relates to a flight time mass spectrometer, in particular to a sampling device for on-line detection of the flight time mass spectrometer by organic matters, comprising a quartz capillary, a ferrule-type tee pipe coupling and the like; two interfaces of the ferrule-type tee pipe coupling are arranged on the same straight line, wherein the inner wall of one of the interface is provided with a PTFE sleeving in an inserting manner; the inner wall of the other interface is provided with a metallic heat conducting tube in an inserting manner; the quartz capillary is sheathed in the metallic heat conducting tube in a penetrating manner; the two ends of the quartz capillary both stretch out of the metallic heat conducting tube and one end thereof probes into a TFE sleeving; a gap is reserved between the PTFE sleeving and the metallic heat conducting tube on the third interface of the ferrule-type tee pipe coupling; and the electric heating casing is coated on the outer wall of the ferrule-type tee pipe coupling. The invention is combined with the mass spectrometer to detect polyaromatic hydrocarbon gas samples, the response time is within 50s, the samples are quantified accurately and no memory effect exists in the analysis process.

The invention belongs to the field of water pollution treatment, prevention and control, and in particular relates to a magnetic microorganism carrier prepared from biomass waste and application thereof. The magnetic microorganism carrier is prepared by the steps of: crushing cleaned and dried biomass wastes, such as sawdust or peanut shells and the like, soaking with NaOH solution or H2SO4 solution, carrying out suction filtering, washing with water and drying to obtain preliminarily-modified biomass material; then, adding the obtained biomass material into metal salt solution containing Fe and / or Ni ion of certain concentration, stirring for certain time with a magnetic stirrer and heating; slowly dripping alkali liquor until pH is more than 12 while quickly stirring; reacting the solution in the water bath or the drying oven at the temperature of 100 DEG C, filtering and washing with water; and finally, placing the biomass material into a drying oven and drying at constant temperature for certain time until the material weight is constant to obtain the product. The magnetic microorganism carrier disclosed by the invention can be used for treating industrial waste water polluted by heavy metal and polyaromatic hydrocarbons and has the advantages of low cost and good effect.

The invention discloses an absorbent for absorbing and separating polyaromatic hydrocarbon in diesel and a preparation method thereof. The absorbent is characterized by comprising silica gel capable of adjusting an aperture or metal-loaded modified silica gel. The preparation method of the absorbent comprises the following steps: (1) mixing a sodium silicate solution with inorganic acid to form glue, and aging, washing and drying the glue to obtain high-purity silica gel; (2) washing the silica gel by utilizing an appropriate amount of alkaline solution or inorganic acid solution, and directionally adjusting pores of the silica gel; and (3) contacting the silica gel with a metal solution to perform metal modification, and preparing the silica gel or metal modified silica gel absorbent. The absorbent has high adsorption capacity for the polyaromatic hydrocarbon in the diesel, can effectively absorb and separate the polyaromatic hydrocarbon in the diesel and is relatively high in selectivity and reusable.

A π-conjugated organic material for detecting ionizing radiation, and particularly for detecting low energy fission neutrons. The π-conjugated materials comprise a class of organic materials whose members are intrinsic semiconducting materials. Included in this class are π-conjugated polymers, polyaromatic hydrocarbon molecules, and quinolates. Because of their high resistivities (≧109 ohm·cm), these π-conjugated organic materials exhibit very low leakage currents. A device for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation can be made by applying an electric field to a layer of the π-conjugated polymer material to measure electron / hole pair formation. A layer of the π-conjugated polymer material can be made by conventional polymer fabrication methods and can be cast into sheets capable of covering large areas. These sheets of polymer radiation detector material can be deposited between flexible electrodes and rolled up to form a radiation detector occupying a small volume but having a large surface area. The semiconducting polymer material can be easily fabricated in layers about 10 μm to 100 μm thick. These thin polymer layers and their associated electrodes can be stacked to form unique multi-layer detector arrangements that occupy small volume.

Processes for the production of Hoodia plant extracts with a high content of steroidal glycosides and for minimizing heavy metal and / or polyaromatic hydrocarbon content in Hoodia extracts.

A low energy method of pyrolysis of rubber or other hydrocarbon material is provided. The hydrocarbon material is heated while maintaining a vacuum, using a clay catalyst. In an additional embodiment, the temperature of the reaction chamber and corresponding fuel input is varied either over time or spatially within the reaction chamber, to take advantage of the exothermic properties of the reaction. With the method of the present invention, a higher quality solid reaction product can be achieved, as well as a liquid having reduced polyaromatic hydrocarbons and oxidized organic contaminants.

The invention relates to a method and device for restoring petroleum-polluted soil through composting by enhancing microbial fuel cells, belonging to the field of environment friendliness. The method comprises the steps of smashing kitchen wastes, then, mixing the kitchen wastes with smashed rice hull, hypsizigus marmoreus composts and rice bran according to a certain proportion, and naturally fermenting to obtain a composting product; mixing the composting product and the petroleum-polluted soil, placing the mixture into a composting tank, arranging the microbial fuel cells, and carrying out composting treatment in a natural environment. Anodes of the microbial fuel cells are distributed in the center of the composting tank, and cathodes are distributed on two side walls of the composting tank; an external resistor is connected between the anodes and the cathodes to form a closed circuit. Through enhancing the microbial fuel cells, the degradation of petroleum pollutants can be accelerated, the time for treating polluted soil can be shortened, and the degradation of microorganisms to low-concentration petroleum hydrocarbon at the later period of composting treatment can be promoted; the composting product is inoculated to the soil, so that not only can alkanes and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the petroleum pollutants be degraded, but also the odor generated in a compacting process can be eliminated.

Several mid UV photo acid generators (PAGs), a chemically amplified photo resist (CAMP), and method for improving nested to isolated line bias are provided. Similarly, photo speed may also be improved. Unlike conventional mid UV PAGs, the present invention's PAG compounds, resist composition, and method do not require a mid UV sensitizer. Specifically, PAGs are provided that bear a chromophore capable of receiving mid UV radiation, particularly I-line, and that are suitable for use in a chemically amplified photo resist having a photo speed of 500 mJ / cm2 or less, but preferrably 200 mJ / cm2 or less. For example, the PAGs can be a sulfonium or iodonium salt, such as anthryl, butyl, methyl sulfonium triflate and bis(4-t-butylphenyl)iodonium 9,10-dimethoxyanthracene sulfonate. The chromophore forming a part of the PAGs can be selected from polyaromatic hydrocarbons, for example, chrysenes, pyrenes, fluoranthenes, anthrones, benzophenones, thioxanthones, anthracenes, and phenanthrenes, but preferably anthracenes.

A system for treating sediments contaminated with organic contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other contaminants polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) includes treating the sediments with ozone to react the contaminants. The system is particularly effective for remediation of PCBs. In an in-situ system for remediating sediments in underwater sediment beds that are contaminated with (PCBs) and other contaminants, the contaminated sediments are treated with ozone with an ozonator conveyed over the sediment bed to mix the sediment with the ozone. The ozone reacts with the PCBs to form more reactive and biodegradable products. The treated sediment is then redeposited upon the sediment bed.

The invention relates to a method for detecting organic pollutants by virtue of combination of solid phase micro-extraction and surface enhancement Raman. The method comprises the following steps: with a solid phase micro-extraction probe as a surface enhancement Raman active substrate, extracting for 3-10 hours in the to-be-detected environment under the stirring condition with the temperature of 20-30 DEG C, then putting the solid phase micro-extraction probe on a Raman detection platform, irradiating the solid phase micro-extraction probe by using laser to obtain Raman characteristic peaks of the to-be-detected organic pollutants, and analyzing the detected organic pollutants according to the Raman characteristic peaks. The method for detecting the organic pollutants is integrated with the advantages of the solid phase micro-extraction technology and the surface enhancement Raman technology; the organic pollutants in the environment can be quickly analyzed and detected; the sameness analysis of polyaromatic hydrocarbon can be realized; polyaromatic hydrocarbon mixtures can be detected and analyzed.

The invention relates to a water-base emergent rapid purifying agent for haze (fine particulate matters). The water-base emergent rapid cleaning agent is used for emergently and rapidly purifying heavy haze (the fine particulate matters are more than or equal to 250 microgram / m<3>) and particularly emergently and rapidly purifying harmful components (organic matters, polyaromatic hydrocarbon, bacteria and viruses) in the haze. The water-base emergent rapid purifying agent is prepared from toxic-free, harmless, easily degradable matters and natural edible matters and is safe and environmentally friendly. The water-base emergent rapid purifying agent has the beneficial effect that the cost of the purifying agent which is used for purifying each 1m<3> heavy-polluted hazed air is only 0.00004 Yuan (RMB). Therefore, the water-base emergent rapid purifying agent can be actually used for rapidly purifying the haze in mist of airplanes, killing harmful microorganisms in the haze, catalyzing and decomposing harmful organic matters in the haze and converting the harmful organic matters into water and CO2.

A bis-phenanthroimidazolyl compound having a following formula is disclosed.Where A1 and A2 comprise identical or different aromatic rings, A3 comprises a polyaromatic hydrocarbon or at least two aromatic groups, and each carbon in A1 to A3 and phenanthrol groups is independently substituted or non-substituted. The bis-phenanthroimidazolyl compound exhibits relatively better thermal properties with higher glass-transition temperature and efficient blue emission. The bis-phenanthroimidazolyl compound may function as a host emitter or charge-transporter. An electroluminescent device is also disclosed.

The invention discloses a ring type hyperbranched polyarylenes containing pyridine and a preparation method thereof. The synthesizing of the polymer of the method is that newly distilled toluene solvent is added with a mixture containing end double alkyne monomers and nitrile monomers and then added with transition metal catalyzer CpCo(CO)2; each gram of a monomer which contains the end double alkyne is added with 10-100ml toluene solvent, 3-8ml nitrile monomer and 0.06-0.1g transition metal catalyst, and then the mixture is irradiated under 300w ultraviolet for reacting for 2 to 20h to obtain the hyperbranched polyarylenes containing pyridine ring. The alkyne-nitrile ring trimerization is a new method for constructing hyperbranched polyarylenes containing pyridine ring. By adopting one step synthesizing method, the polymerization of directly aroma cyclizing of alkyne and nitrile is simple. The hyperbranched polyarylenes shows high brightness and high irradiance efficiency, which is characterized by high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, light specific weight and high strength, etc. and is hopeful to be taken as a high capacity material in spaceflight.

The invention provides a wastewater treatment device of a ship waste gas desulfurizing system. The wastewater of a ship waste gas scrubbing system flows into a waste liquid box from a wastewater inletpipe; an alkaline solution is added into the waste liquid box; the wastewater in the waste liquid box is stirred, homogenized, aerated and the like, and flows into a circular air floating machine through a metering pump; a flocculant is added; after the wastewater is flocculated and aerated in the circular air floating machine, the sulfite, oil dirt, suspension matters and other impurities are oxidized and removed; then, the wastewater flows into a flat plate ceramic film filter to further remove the oil dirt, colloid and other impurities; finally, the wastewater flows into an activated carbon filter via a conveying pump for the third step treatment, so as to remove the polyaromatic hydrocarbon, and improve the water quality; the treated wastewater is detected by a water quality monitoring device; when the treated wastewater reaches the standard, the wastewater flows into a scrubbing wastewater drain pipe through a tee valve, and is drained out of a ship, or flows into a temporary storage box; when the treated wastewater does not reach the standard, the wastewater flows into the waste liquid box via a reflux pipeline to be treated again. The wastewater treatment device has the advantages that the automation degree is high, the structure is compact, and the wastewater treatment device is suitable for installation and use in ships.

The invention discloses a gas chromatography-mass spectrography combined detection method for eight monohydric polyaromatic hydrocarbon in urine. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) respectively transforming the monohydric polyaromatic hydrocarbon and the deuterated monohydric polyaromatic hydrocarbon in a mixed standard solution into corresponding trimethylsiloxy polyaromatic hydrocarbon, carrying out GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis on eight derivative mixed standard solutions; (2) shaking up a urine sample unfrozen under room temperature, and carrying out pretreatment and derivatization on the urine sample, sequentially detecting the content of eight monohydric polyaromatic hydrocarbon in urine sample. The method is suitable for detection and research on biomarkers exposed by polyaromatic hydrocarbon in urine of various common samples, can simultaneously detect eight monohydric polyaromatic hydrocarbon in urine, and has the advantages of being low in detection limit, excellent in stability, simple in pretreatment, rapid and accurate.