1247 results about "Microgram" patented technology

The present invention relates to a double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) having a nucleotide sequence which is substantially identical to at least a part of a target gene and which is no more than 49, preferably less than 25, nucleotides in length, and which comprises a complementary (antisense) RNA strand having a 1 to 4 nucleotide overhang at the 3′-end and a blunt 5′-end. The invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the dsRNA and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The pharmaceutical compositions are useful for inhibiting the expression of a target gene, as well as for treating diseases caused by expression of the target gene, at low dosages (i.e., less than 5 milligrams, preferably less than 25 micrograms, per kg body weight per day). The invention also relates to methods for inhibiting the expression of a target gene, as well as methods for treating diseases caused by the expression of the gene.

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for eliciting an immune response and the prevention and treatment of primary and metastatic neoplastic diseases and infectious diseases. The methods of the invention comprise administering a composition comprising an effective amount of a complex, in which the complex consists essentially of a heat shock protein (hsp) noncovalently bound to an antigenic molecule. Optionally, the methods further comprise administering antigen presenting cells sensitized with complexes of hsps noncovalently bound to an antigenic molecule. "Antigenic molecule" as used herein refers to the peptides with which the hsps are endogenously associated in vivo as well as exogenous antigens/immunogens (i.e., with which the hsps are not complexed in vivo) or antigenic/immunogenic fragments and derivatives thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the complex is autologous to the individual. In a specific embodiment, the effective amounts of the complex are in the range of 0.1 to 9.0 micrograms for complexes comprising hsp70, 5 to 49 micrograms for hsp90, and 0.1 to 9.0 micrograms for gp96.

A method for inhibiting drug-induced insulin resistance is provided which includes administering a dietary chromium complex to an individual receiving a contemporaneous dose of a drug that induces insulin resistance, wherein the amount of chromium complex administered is an amount effective to inhibit the development of insulin resistance. Advantageously, the amount of chromium complex administered per day is between about 300 and 1,000 micrograms per day. Compositions including a drug which induces insulin resistance in combination with a chromium complex are similarly described.

Systems and methods are described that allow the high-throughput preparation, processing, and study of arrays of samples, each of which comprises at least one compound. Particular embodiments of the invention allow a large number of experiments to be performed in parallel on samples that comprised of one or more compounds on the milligram or microgram quantities of compounds. Other embodiments of the invention encompass methods and devices for the rapid screening of the results of such experiments, as well as methods and devices for rapidly determining whether or not similarities exist among groups of samples in an array. Particular embodiments of the invention encompass methods and devices for the high-throughput preparation of different forms of compounds (e.g., different crystalline forms), for the discovery of new forms of old compounds, and for the discovery of new methods of producing such forms. Embodiments of the invention also allow for the high-throughput determination of how specific compounds or forms of compounds behave when exposed to other chemicals or environmental conditions.

Systems and methods are described that allow the high-throughput preparation, processing, and study of arrays of samples, each of which comprises at least one compound. Particular embodiments of the invention allow a large number of experiments to be performed in parallel on samples that comprised of one or more compounds on the milligram or microgram quantities of compounds. Other embodiments of the invention encompass methods and devices for the rapid screening of the results of such experiments, as well as methods and devices for rapidly determining whether or not similarities exist among groups of samples in an array. Particular embodiments of the invention encompass methods and devices for the high-throughput preparation of different forms of compounds (e.g., different crystalline forms), for the discovery of new forms of old compounds, and for the discovery of new methods of producing such forms. Embodiments of the invention also allow for the high-throughput determination of how specific compounds or forms of compounds behave when exposed to other chemicals or environmental conditions.

The present invention relates to the field of human nutrition, and in particular to pharmaceutical compositions and nutritional supplements comprising an effective daily dose of menaquinone 7. In particular, the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions, nutritional supplements and food products that comprise from about 10 to about 200 micrograms of menaquinone 7. In some embodiments, the menaquinone 7 is provided in a natto extract.

A method of screening solution conditions suitable for the crystallization of macromolecules with a picogram to a microgram of protein using picoliter or nanoliter volumes is provided. A preferred method comprises preparing a plurality of recipe solutions in milliliter volumes, aspirating protein and recipe solutions, respectively, from a plurality of wells, and dispensing the protein and recipe solutions into a plurality of wells, covering the combined protein and recipe solutions with oil, and maintaining the solution wells until crystallization or precipitation occur therein.

The invention provides a theoretical design and technical design of cell-free protein synthesis for DNA replication, transcription and translation coupling, a preparation, a kit and a preparation method. Specifically, with the application of the in-vitro cell-free synthesis system provided by the invention, complex protein can be synthesized, and moreover, DNA and mRNA can be synthesized; and effective, high-throughput and quite convenient protein synthesis can be completed with the use of a DNA template by a minute quantity (nanogram-microgram).

It has been found that the treatment of depression using known serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (NRIs) may be improved by the administration therewith of folic acid or a precursor which produces folate in the patient. The daily dose of NRI or SRI is as prescribed for treatment of depression in the usual way. The daily dose of the folic acid or precursor should be such as to provide a folate dosage of 300-5000 micrograms/day.

The invention relates to the preparation of brominated flavanonollignan and an application in medicines for treating viral hepatitis B, in particular to a B cyclo-dioxane flavanonollignan compound and a preparation method thereof as well as the application of the compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in the preparation of medicines for eliminating hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigens (HBeAg) and medicines for inhibiting HBV DNA replication. The compound has obvious activity of inhibiting HBsAg and HBeAg, and the intensities of the compound for eliminating HBsAg and HBeAg under the concentration of 20 microgram/millimeter are respectively 2.1 times and 1.2 times larger than the corresponding activity of a positive control medicine alpha-interferon; meanwhile, the compound displays high inhibition ratio more than 57% on HBV DNA at the concentration. The results show that the favonolignan or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be expected to be used for preparing non-nucleoside type medicines for eliminating HBsAg and HBeAg, inhibiting HBV DNA replication and treating HBV infected diseases.

The invention relates to application of aromatic carbamoyl dehydro-silibinin as a medicament for treating viral hepatitis B, in particular to application of todehydro-silibinin flavonolignans with a ring A and a ring E which are substituted by double base aromatic carbamoyl methoxyl and pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for preparing medicaments for removing HBsAg and HBeAg and medicaments for inhibiting HBV DNA. The todehydro-silibinin flavonolignans has extremely obvious activity on inhibiting the HBsAG and the HBeAg, has the intensity of 46.2 percent and 68.9 percent for respectively removing the HBsAG and the HBeAg in the presence of the concentration of 100 microgram/milliliter, which is 2.9 times and 4.1 times higher than that of positive control medicament alpha-interferon, and has the inhibition ratio of 96 percent on HBV DNA in the presence of the concentration of 100 microgram/milliliter, which is higher than that of lamivudine and the alpha-interferon. Accordingly, the flavonolignans and the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be expected to be used for preparing non-nucleoside medicaments applied for removing HBsAg and HBeAg, inhibiting HBV DNA replication and treating hepatitis B virus infection diseases.

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural technologies and particularly relates to a walnut rich in selenium and organic fertilizer rich in selenium for the walnut rich in selenium. The walnut and the organic fertilizer are mainly used for solving the technical problems that the fertilization amount of existing fertilizer for producing subsidiary agricultural products rich in selenium is difficult to control, the environment is polluted, dependence of crops is prone to generation, land is barren, and cost is high. According to the technical scheme, the walnut rich in selenium is obtained through fertilization of the self-made organic fertilizer rich in selenium, the selenium content of a walnut kernel ranges from 200 microgram per kilogram to 800 microgram per kilogram, and the walnut and the organic fertilizer have the advantages of being environmentally friendly, free of pollution and low in cost.

The invention relates to application of ring A coupling flavonolignan in preparing medicaments for treating viral hepatitis B, in particular to application of a compound of the formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in preparing medicaments for clearing away HBsAg (Hepatitis B Surface Antigen) and HBeAg (Hepatitis B e Antigen) and suppressing the HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) DNA replication. The intensities of the flavonolignan for clearing away the HBsAg and the HBeAg are respectively 29.4 percent and 29.1 percent in the presence of a concentration of 20 micrograms/milliliter, which is respectively 1.8 times and 1.7 times of the corresponding activity of a positive control medicament (10,000 units/milliliter of alpha-interferon). What is even more exciting is that in the presence of the concentration, the suppression rate of the flavonolignan to the HBV DNA is higher than 83 percent, which is higher than that of Lamivudine which is a positive control and is 2.2 times of that of the alpha-interferon to the HBV DNA. Accordingly, the flavonolignan and the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are indicated to be capable of being expected to be used for preparing non-nucleoside medicaments for clearing away the HBsAg and the HBeAg, suppressing the HBV DNA replication and treating HBV infection diseases.

The invention discloses a hot pepper rich in organic selenium and a production method thereof. The total selenium content in the hot pepper rich in organic selenium is 10-300 micrograms per kilogram and the content of the organic selenium is equal to or more than 80% of the total selenium content. The method comprises the following steps: using a selenium-enriched seedling culture matrix of hot pepper to culture the seedlings of the hot pepper rich in organic selenium; transplanting the seedlings together with soil into a land; and finally harvesting the hot pepper rich in organic selenium, wherein a selenium-enriched seedling culture matrix of hot pepper contains nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent, garden soil, organic fertilizer, pond sludge and plant ash, and the mass ratio of the nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent to the garden soil to the organic fertilizer to the pond sludge to the plant ash is (0.001-0.1): (2-8):(1-4): (1-4): (0.5-1). The hot pepper is rich in selenium element and the whole content is uniform. By using the method, the proportion of organic selenium is increased, the problem of the prior art of the stability of selenium content in the hot peppers grown in different batches is solved, the uniform selenium content in the hot pepper is ensured, and the standard mass production can be realized.

The invention relates to application of ring E iodine substituted silybin in preparing medicaments for treating viral hepatitis B, in particular to application of a compound of a formula (1) and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in preparing medicaments for clearing away hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) and hepatitis e antigens (HBeAg) and suppressing the HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) DNA replication. The compound has definite activity of suppressing the HBsAg and the HBeAg, and in the presence of a concentration of 100 micrograms/milliliter, the intensities of the compound for clearing away the HBsAg and the HBeAg are respectively 20.0 percent and 29.0 percent which exceed that of a positive control medicament (10,000 units/milliliter of alpha-interferon) by 24 percent and 72 percent. Meanwhile, in the presence of the concentration, the suppression ratio of the compound on the HBV DNA is 32.6 percent which is close to that of the alpha-interferon. Accordingly, the flavone lignan or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are indicated to be capable of being used for preparing non-nucleoside medicaments for clearing away the HBsAg and the HBeAg, suppressing the HBV DNA replication and treating HBV infection diseases.

The invention relates to application of ring B ethyoxyl silybin in preparing medicaments for treating viral hepatitis B, in particular to application of ring B ethyoxyl substituted silybin ester or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in preparing medicaments for clearing away HBsAG (Hepatitis B Surface Antigen) and HBeAg (Hepatitis B e Antigen) and suppressing the HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) DNA replication. The compound has strong activity on suppressing the HBsAG and the HBeAg, and in the presence of a concentration of 20 micrograms/milliliter, the intensities for clearing the HBsAg and the HBeAg are respectively 64.6 percent and 44.8 percent which are 4.0 times and 2.7 times of that of alpha-interferon which is a positive control medicament. In the presence of the concentration, the suppression rate of the compound on the HBV DNA is 58.1 percent which is 1.5 times of the corresponding activity of the alpha-interferon. Accordingly, the flavonolignan or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are indicated to simultaneously have strong efficacy on suppressing the HBsAg, the HBeAg and the HBV DNA and can be expected to be used for preparing non-nucleoside medicaments for treating HBV infection diseases.

The invention relates to application of E-ring demethoxy-silibinin for preparing medicaments for treating viral hepatitis B, and particularly to application of compound in formula (1) and pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for preparing medicaments for clearing HBsAg and HBeAg and suppressing HBV DNA replication. The invention has extremely superactive activity for suppressing the HBsAg and HBeAg; in the presence of the concentration of 20 microgram per millilitre, the intensities for clearing the HBsAg and HBeAg are 95.0% and 34.4% respectively, which are 5.9 and 2.0 times corresponding activity of a positive control medicament alpha-interferon; and it should be noticed that the suppression ratio of the medicament for HBV DNA at the concentration is about 91.5%, which is 13% higher than lamivudine and 2.4 times alpha-interferon suppression activity. In summary, the flavonolignans or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be prospectively used for preparing non-nucleoside medicaments for clearing the HBsAg and HBeAg, suppressing HBV DNA replication and treating hepatitis B virus infection disease.

The invention relates to application of B/E bi-methoxy silybin in preparing medicaments for treating viral hepatitis B, in particular to application of silybin ester substituted by the methoxy on the ring B and the ring E or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in preparing medicaments for clearing away HBsAg (Hepatitis B Surface Antigen) and HBeAg (Hepatitis B e Antigen) and suppressing the HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) DNA replication. The B/E bi-methoxy silybin has strong activity on suppressing the HBsAg and the HBeAg, and in the presence of a concentration of 20 micrograms/milliliter, the intensities for clearing away the HBsAg and the HBeAg are respectively 43.9 percent and 43.7 percent which are 2.7 times and 2.6 times of that of alpha-interferon which is a positive control medicament. In the presence of the concentration, the suppression ratio on the HBV DNA is 68.6 percent, and the suppression activity is 1.8 times of that of the alpha-interferon. Accordingly, the flavone lignan or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are indicated to simultaneously have the effects of strongly suppressing the HBsAG, the HBeAg and the HBV DNA and can be expected to be used for preparing the non-nucleoside medicaments for treating HBV infection diseases.

The invention relates to application of B-ring ethyoxyl flavanonol in preparing medicaments for treating hepatitis B viruses, in particular to application of a compound as shown in a formula (1) or a medicinal salt thereof in preparing medicaments for clearing away hepatitis B virus surface antigens (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) and medicaments for inhibiting the duplication of hepatitis B virus desoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA). The compound or the medicinal salt thereof has extremely obvious activity on inhibiting the HBsAg and the HBeAg, and in the presence of a concentration of 20 microgram/milliliter, the intensities for clearing away the HBsAg and the HBeAg of the compound or the medicinal salt thereof are respectively 99.8 percent and 48.5 percent and are 6.2 times and 2.7 times of that of alpha-interferon which is a positive control medicament. More importantly, in the presence of the concentration, the inhibition ratio of the compound or the medicinal salt thereof to the HBV DNA is 64.7 percent, and the activity is 1.7 times of that of the alpha-interferon. Accordingly, the flavone lignan or the medicinal salt thereof can be expected to be used for preparing non-nucleoside medicaments for treating infectious diseases of the hepatitis B viruses.

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for eliciting an immune response and the prevention and treatment of primary and metastatic neoplastic diseases and infectious diseases. The methods of the invention comprise administering a composition comprising an effective amount of a complex, in which the complex consists essentially of a heat shock protein (hsp) noncovalently bound to an antigenic molecule. "Antigenic molecule" as used herein refers to the peptides with which the hsps are endogenously associated in vivo as well as exogenous antigens/immunogens (i.e., with which the hsps are not complexed in vivo) or antigenic/immunogenic fragments and derivatives thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the complex is autologous to the individual. The effective amounts of the complex are in the range of 10-600 micrograms for complexes comprising hsp70, 50-1000 micrograms for hsp90, and 10-600 micrograms for gp96. The invention also provides a method for measuring tumor rejection in vivo in an individual, preferably a human, comprising measuring the generation by the individual of MHC Class I-restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific to the tumor. Methods of purifying hsp70-peptide complexes are also provided.