Gas-solid fluidized bed with self-adaptive adjustment internal component under ocean working condition

Abstract

The invention discloses a gas-solid fluidized bed with a self-adaptive adjustment internal component under an ocean working condition, the gas-solid fluidized bed comprises a container and the internal component, the internal component comprises a pendulum bob suspended at the center position of an initial bed layer in a container fluidized bed, the pendulum bob and the inertia of particles in the container fluidized bed are not synchronous, and particle aggregation is effectively disturbed; the volume of the connecting piece accounts for 0.5%-5% of the volume of an initial bed layer of the fluidized bed, so that the connecting piece occupies a key space without being blocked, and the problem of inhibiting particle aggregation is solved; by controlling the volume and inertia of the pendulum bob and combining with a multi-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional swinging space, a dynamic physical occupation structure for a particle accumulation area is formed, so that the gas-solid phase contact efficiency is improved, and the problems that the particle accumulation area cannot be eliminated and the maintenance cost is high in the prior art are solved; and the operation stability and the working efficiency of the fluidized bed under the swinging working condition of the ocean floating platform are obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to fluidized bed equipment, in particular to a gas-solid fluidized bed with self-adaptive regulating internal components under marine working conditions. Background Art

[0002] In the fields of petrochemicals, energy conversion, and environmental treatment, gas-solid fluidized beds are highly efficient multiphase reaction devices. By fluidizing solid particles under the action of a gas flow, they enable important industrial processes such as catalytic reactions, material drying, and gas purification. With the increasing development of marine resources, the direct deployment of fluidized bed reactors on offshore floating platforms, such as drilling rigs and floating production storage and offloading vessels, allows for in-situ catalytic cracking of crude oil and real-time treatment of ship exhaust gases while avoiding the costs and safety risks associated with raw material transportation. However, the unique characteristics of the marine environment present significant challenges to fluidized bed operation: the non-periodic oscillation of the platform caused by wave action causes solid particles within the bed to accumulate toward the inclined side due to inertia, while gas accumulates in the opposite direction. This dynamic imbalance not only results in localized excessive or insufficient particle concentrations but also encourages bubble fusion to form destructive cavities, severely reducing gas-solid contact efficiency. To address this issue, existing technologies employ composite internal component structures, such as the "boom-fin" combination disclosed in Patent CN117414770A. This type of technology has significant drawbacks: First, the boom relies on a dense fin structure to actively cut bubbles, but the gaps between the fins are easily clogged or even entangled by particles, exacerbating the flow resistance in the fluidized bed. Second, the complex assembly of the multi-layer ring and the boom significantly increases manufacturing costs and failure rates. Third, and most importantly, this type of structure can only cut already generated bubbles, but cannot solve the problem of dense phase areas formed by inertial aggregation of particles. That is, when the fluidized bed tilts, the particles continue to migrate and accumulate to the lower side under the action of inertial force, and the lightweight design of the boom makes it impossible to generate sufficient mass inertia to destroy the particle aggregation area. Frequent particle entanglement and structural failures in this type of device increase maintenance costs. At the same time, the particle aggregation area and gas enrichment area that are not eliminated significantly reduce the contact efficiency between the phases, causing the transfer efficiency of the marine fluidized bed to be lower than that of the stable environment on land, seriously restricting the industrial application of offshore resource processing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a gas-solid fluidized bed with self-adaptive adjustment internal components for marine working conditions with high efficiency, reliable operation and simple structure.

[0004] Technical solution: The gas-solid fluidized bed with adaptively adjustable internal components under marine conditions described in the present invention includes a container and an internal component. The internal component includes a pendulum suspended at the center of the initial bed layer in the container. The pendulum is asynchronous with the inertia of the particles in the container, effectively disturbing the aggregation of particles. The volume of the pendulum accounts for 0.5%-5% of the volume of the initial bed layer of the fluidized bed to ensure that the connecting parts occupy the critical space without being blocked, thereby suppressing the growth of bubbles and solving the problem of bubble merging.

[0005] Preferably, the internal component also includes a bracket, a connector and a connecting seat. The bracket is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the container, the connector is rotatably connected to the connecting seat, the center of gravity of the pendulum coincides with the central axis of the initial bed layer of the container, and the hanging position, volume share and swing space of the pendulum in the initial bed layer of the container together constitute a physical occupation structure of the particle aggregation area, dynamically occupying the particle aggregation core area, thereby enhancing the mixing of solid particles and gas.

[0006] Preferably, the connecting member includes a ball head rotatably connected to the connecting seat and a swing rod connecting the ball head and the pendulum, and the ball head is nested in the connecting seat to form a rotating pair.

[0007] Preferably, the connecting seat further includes a limiting mechanism for limiting the pendulum swing angle to 5°-15°.

[0008] Preferably, the bracket is a cross-shaped or straight-line frame, the branch ends of which are fixedly connected to the circumferential inner wall of the fluidized bed, and the bracket is perpendicular to the axial direction of the container.

[0009] Preferably, the center of gravity of the pendulum is colinear with the axial center line of the container in a static state.

[0010] Preferably, the pendulum is in the shape of a spherical body or a regular polyhedron.

[0011] Preferably, the swing rod is a telescopic structure, and its length can be adjusted according to needs.

[0012] Preferably, the surface of the connector is provided with a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating.

[0013] Preferably, two or more internal components are spaced apart along the axial direction of the container, and the pendulum swing trajectories of adjacent internal components do not interfere with each other, so that the aggregated particles at different heights of the container are evenly stirred.

[0014] Preferably, the bracket is connected to the inner wall of the container by bolts or welding.

[0015] Beneficial effects: Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following significant advantages: by controlling the volume and inertia of the pendulum and combining it with the three-dimensional swinging space with multiple degrees of freedom, a dynamic physical occupation structure of the particle aggregation area is formed, thereby realizing effective regulation of the internal particle distribution when the fluidized bed swings, thereby improving the contact efficiency between the gas and solid phases, and solving the problem of the particle aggregation area that cannot be eliminated and the high maintenance cost caused by the fin winding and lightweight boom of the existing device, thereby significantly improving the operating stability and work efficiency of the fluidized bed under the swinging condition of the ocean floating platform. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the fluidized bed of the present invention when it is in a stationary state.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the fluidized bed after swinging and tilting of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the fluidized bed of the present invention when it is in a stationary state.

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the fluidized bed after swinging and tilting of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Example 1:

[0022] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the gas-solid fluidized bed with adaptively adjustable internal components under marine conditions of the present invention has a core composed of a container 5 and internal components, and the internal components are collaboratively composed of a bracket 1, a connector 2, a connecting seat 3 and a pendulum 4. The bracket 1 adopts a cross-shaped frame structure and is firmly mounted on the circumferential inner wall of the container 5 by welding, ensuring that its branch ends are evenly distributed in the radial plane of the container 5, providing stable installation conditions for the connector 2. A connecting seat 3 is fixedly connected to the center position of the bottom of the bracket 1. The connecting seat 3 is rotatably connected to the connector 2. The connector 2 includes a ball head rotatably connected to the connecting seat 3 and a swing rod connecting the ball head and the pendulum 4. The ball head is nested in the internal spherical cavity of the connecting seat 3 to form a three-dimensional rotation pair.

[0023] The swing rod is a telescopic structure with adjustable length and a wear-resistant coating. The density of pendulum 4 differs from the apparent density of the fluidized particles. This density difference creates asynchrony between the inertial motion of pendulum 4 and the fluidized particles, effectively disrupting particle aggregation. In its static state, the center of gravity of pendulum 4 coincides with the central axis of the initial bed of container 5, and its volume accounts for 0.5%-5% of the initial bed volume of container 5. This ensures that pendulum 4 occupies critical space without clogging, inhibiting bubble growth and addressing bubble coalescence. The pendulum 4's suspended position, volume share, and swinging space within the initial bed of container 5 collectively form a physical occupation structure for the particle accumulation zone, dynamically occupying the core of the particle accumulation region and thereby enhancing mixing of solid particles and gas. Furthermore, pendulum 4 adopts a spherical or regular polyhedron shape to reduce the risk of particle entanglement. In actual use, multiple groups of internal components are evenly arranged along the axial direction of container 5, based on the overall structure and dimensions of container 5, to address the uneven particle distribution that occurs when the particle bed at different dry heights is shaken.

[0024] Under the operating conditions of the offshore platform, when fluidizing gas is introduced from the bottom of container 5, the particle bed begins to fluidize. Affected by the platform's wave motion, container 5 produces periodic tilting, and particles gather toward the lower side due to inertia, forming a high-concentration area of ​​particle accumulation. At the same time, lighter gas will gather toward the upper side due to swinging. At this time, a particle accumulation area and a gas accumulation area are formed, resulting in an uneven distribution of particles in the gas-solid fluidized bed. At this time, the pendulum 4 swings in three dimensions around the center of the connecting seat 3 under the action of gravity and fluid resistance. The relative density of the pendulum 4 is different from the apparent density of the fluidized particles, so the two movements are not synchronized. Due to the effect of inertia, the pendulum 4 takes precedence over or lags behind the particles and tilts toward the lower side, occupying the space of the particles. At this time, the particles are forced to move toward the upper side under the action of the pendulum 4, thereby reducing the volume of the particle accumulation area. The movement of particles toward the gas accumulation area also enhances the contact between the gas and solid phases, thereby destroying the gas accumulation area, so that the gas and solid phases maintain a high degree of mixing during the swinging process and enhance interphase transfer. At the same time, the pendulum 4 squeezes the surrounding bubbles during the swing process, preventing them from merging and growing, and destroys the large bubbles that have already formed, turning them into small bubbles, making the mixing between the gas and solid phases more uniform. The container 5 continues to swing, and the tilt direction of the container 5 changes. The pendulum 4 also changes its position accordingly, continuously destroying the aggregation area of ​​particles and gas. The pendulum 4 dynamically changes its posture as the swing posture of the container 5 changes, thereby achieving dynamic regulation of the uniformity of the fluidized particles, strengthening the transfer of the gas-solid fluidized bed, and achieving efficient and stable operation of the fluidized bed on the offshore platform, so that its operating gas-solid mixing efficiency, that is, the average expanded bed height, average porosity and solid phase distribution uniformity are close to those of fluidized bed equipment operating in a stable environment on land. In addition, the present invention has a simple structure, reliable operation and high efficiency, and can effectively solve the problems of reduced efficiency and unstable operation caused by the swing of the offshore platform fluidized bed reactor.

[0025] Example 2:

[0026] To verify the control effect of internal components under tilted conditions, a multi-degree-of-freedom pseudo-two-dimensional fluidized bed experimental platform was constructed. Its core consists of a rectangular fluidized bed container 5 and internal components. The structural parameters of container 5 are 150*50*600mm (internal length*width*height). A cross-shaped bracket is installed inside container 5. The center of the bracket is suspended through a ball joint 3, and solid spherical pendulums 4 with diameters of 20mm and 40mm, respectively (corresponding to an initial bed volume share of 0.28% and 2.23%) are suspended. The center of pendulum 4 is 50mm above the bed bottom. The experiment uses 0.1-0.2mm glass microspheres as solid particles, an initial bed height of 200mm, and air as the fluidizing medium. The performance of three operating conditions, no internal components, a 20mm pendulum 4, and a 40mm pendulum 4, is compared at static tilt angles of 5° and 10°, respectively.

[0027] Table 1 Experimental results of static 5° tilted fluidized bed

[0028]

[0029] Table 2 Experimental results of static 10° tilted fluidized bed

[0030]

[0031] In the performance evaluation of fluidized beds, the minimum fluidizing gas velocity and the effective bed height at a specific superficial gas velocity are two core indicators. Their comparison can intuitively reveal the regulatory effect of internal components on the uniformity of particle distribution: a decrease in the minimum fluidizing gas velocity and an increase in the bed height both represent improved uniformity of particle distribution and enhanced gas-solid mass transfer efficiency.

[0032] Experimental data show that when the fluidized bed is tilted, the minimum fluidizing gas velocity (minimum fluidizing gas velocity) increases significantly, reaching 0.133 m / s at a 5° tilt and 0.150 m / s at a 10° tilt. Furthermore, at the same superficial gas velocity, the effective bed height decreases significantly. For example, at a gas velocity of 0.35 m / s, the bed height at a 10° tilt is only 250-255 mm, confirming that the tilt makes particle fluidization difficult and exacerbates uneven distribution. The introduction of a 20 mm pendulum (4) slightly decreases the minimum fluidizing gas velocity to 0.148 m / s at a 10° tilt, but has little effect on bed height. The 40 mm pendulum (4) significantly reduces the minimum fluidizing gas velocity to 0.135 m / s, a 10% decrease at a 10° tilt, while maintaining a stable bed height of 260-265 mm at a gas velocity of 0.35 m / s, comparable to normal fluidization without tilt. This demonstrates that the large pendulum effectively suppresses particle aggregation. At the same time, the 40mm pendulum 4 can make the bed height close to the same at both 5° and 10° inclinations, highlighting its adaptability to working conditions.

[0033] The 20mm pendulum 4, with its 0.28% bed volume, lacks sufficient inertial mass to significantly disrupt particle motion. In contrast, the 40mm pendulum 4, with its 2.23% bed volume, significantly enhances gas-solid mixing by occupying the particle aggregation zone and forcing particles to diffuse into the dilute phase. Multiple experiments have shown that a pendulum 4 volume percentage of 0.5% to 5% maintains smooth flow and achieves optimal particle control. A percentage below 0.5% is minimal, while a percentage above 5% can easily cause localized blockage and a surge in pressure drop.

Claims

1. A gas-solid fluidized bed with self-adaptive internal components under marine conditions, comprising a container (5) and internal components, characterized in that: The internal component comprises a pendulum (4) suspended at the center of the initial bed layer in the container (5). The pendulum (4) is asynchronous with the inertia of the particles in the container (5), and its volume accounts for 0.5%-5% of the volume of the initial bed layer of the fluidized bed.

2. The gas-solid fluidized bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The internal component further comprises a bracket (1), a connector (2) and a connecting seat (3); the bracket (1) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the container (5); the connector (2) is rotatably connected to the connecting seat (3); the center of gravity of the pendulum (4) coincides with the central axis of the initial bed layer of the container (5); and the hanging position, volume proportion and swing space of the pendulum (4) in the initial bed layer of the container (5) together constitute a physical occupation structure of the particle aggregation area.

3. The gas-solid fluidized bed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting member (2) comprises a ball head rotatably connected to the connecting seat (3) and a swing rod connecting the ball head and the pendulum (4); the ball head is nested in the connecting seat (3) to form a rotating pair.

4. The gas-solid fluidized bed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting seat (3) also includes a limiting mechanism for limiting the swing angle of the pendulum (4) to 5°-15°.

5. The gas-solid fluidized bed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support (1) is a cross-shaped or straight-line frame, and its branch ends are fixedly connected to the circumferential inner wall of the container (5). The support (1) is perpendicular to the axial direction of the fluidized bed.

6. The gas-solid fluidized bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center of gravity of the pendulum (4) is collinear with the axial center line of the container (5) in a static state.

7. The gas-solid fluidized bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pendulum (4) is in the shape of a spherical body or a regular polyhedron.

8. The gas-solid fluidized bed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The swing rod is a telescopic structure, and its length can be adjusted according to needs.

9. The gas-solid fluidized bed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The surface of the connecting piece (2) is provided with a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating.

10. The gas-solid fluidized bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two or more internal components are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the container (5), and the swinging trajectories of the pendulums (4) of adjacent internal components do not interfere with each other.

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