A combined heat and power device

Abstract

A cogeneration device belongs to the technical field of small-scale methanol or methane reforming hydrogen production and power generation. Specifically, methanol or methane is reformed into hydrogen through a small reformer, and the hydrogen is input into a water-cooled fuel cell for power generation, and the heat generated in the process is stored and utilized in the form of hot water. Since the present invention recovers the main heat source with a heat exchanger and stores it in a hot water storage tank in the form of hot water; the heat emitted into the chassis by the reformer, fuel cell, and electrical components is concentrated on the top of the chassis in the form of hot air, and the hot air is sucked into the combustion air pump through the upper port of the ventilation duct and blown to the combustion chamber of the reformer for combustion; the whole machine has only two heat loss sources, the combustion exhaust gas discharge port and the cathode exhaust gas discharge port. Since the combustion exhaust gas and the cathode exhaust gas have been cooled by the heat exchanger, their discharge temperature is only slightly higher than the ambient temperature, so the energy utilization rate of the whole machine is extremely high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of small-scale methanol or methane reforming hydrogen production and power generation. Specifically, methanol or methane is reformed into hydrogen through a small-scale reformer, and the hydrogen is input into a water-cooled fuel cell for power generation. At the same time, the heat generated in the process is stored and utilized in the form of hot water. Background Art

[0002] Since the reformer and water-cooled fuel cell are integrated in the cogeneration device, they will generate heat while generating electricity during operation. The equivalent power of this heat accounts for about 50% of the energy consumption of the whole machine. In addition, in order to maintain the normal operation of the reformer and water-cooled fuel cell, electrical components such as water pumps, fans, and solenoid valves are required. The power consumption of these electrical components accounts for about 20% of the power generation of the whole machine, and is eventually dissipated into the chassis in the form of heat. If the above heat is directly discharged into the atmosphere, the energy utilization rate of the whole machine will be greatly reduced. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an efficient and energy-saving design scheme, which can not only generate electricity for users, but also recycle the heat generated during reforming hydrogen production and fuel cell power generation in the form of hot water, thereby greatly improving the energy utilization rate of the whole machine.

[0004] A cogeneration device includes a chassis, a reformer, a fuel cell, an air humidifier, and a hot water storage tank;

[0005] The reformer comprises a combustion air inlet, a synthesis gas outlet, a combustion tail gas outlet, an anode waste gas re-burning port, a fuel input port, and a raw material input port, and a combustion air fan is connected to the combustion air inlet;

[0006] The fuel cell comprises a reaction air inlet, a cathode exhaust gas outlet, a hydrogen inlet, an anode exhaust gas outlet, a cooling water inlet, and a cooling water outlet; the outlet of the hot water circulation pump is connected to the cooling water inlet;

[0007] The air humidifier comprises a fresh cold air inlet, a fresh hot air outlet, a waste hot air inlet and a waste cold air outlet; the outlet of the reaction air blower is connected to the fresh cold air inlet, the fresh hot air outlet is connected to the reaction air inlet, and the waste hot air inlet is connected to the cathode exhaust gas outlet;

[0008] Its characteristics are:

[0009] The hot side of the combustion exhaust gas heat exchanger is connected in series between the combustion exhaust gas outlet and the combustion exhaust gas discharge port;

[0010] A hot side of a syngas heat exchanger is connected in series between the syngas outlet and the hydrogen inlet;

[0011] The hot side of the anode exhaust gas heat exchanger is connected in series between the anode exhaust gas outlet and the anode exhaust gas reburning port;

[0012] The hot side of the stack cooling water heat exchanger is connected in series between the cooling water outlet and the inlet of the hot water circulation pump;

[0013] The hot side of the cathode exhaust gas heat exchanger is connected in series between the exhaust cooling air outlet and the cathode exhaust gas discharge port;

[0014] A heat collecting water pump and a water tank are also provided in the chassis. The water inlet of the heat collecting water pump is connected to the water tank. Between the water outlet of the heat collecting water pump and the hot water storage tank, the cold side of the cathode exhaust gas heat exchanger, the cold side of the anode exhaust gas heat exchanger, the cold side of the stack cooling water heat exchanger, the cold side of the synthesis gas heat exchanger, and the cold side of the combustion exhaust gas heat exchanger are connected in series in sequence.

[0015] A ventilation duct is connected to the air intake of the combustion-supporting fan, and the upper end of the ventilation duct is arranged on the top of the chassis;

[0016] The upper part of the chassis is in a closed state, and the hot air on the top of the chassis cannot be dissipated into the outside air. The outside air can enter the chassis from the chassis air inlet holes at the lower part or bottom of the chassis.

[0017] After adopting this scheme, the main heat sources are recovered by the heat exchanger and stored in the hot water storage tank in the form of hot water; the heat emitted into the chassis by the reformer, fuel cell and electrical components is concentrated on the top of the chassis in the form of hot air, and the hot air is sucked into the combustion chamber of the reformer through the upper port of the ventilation duct by the combustion air pump and blown to the combustion chamber of the reformer for combustion assistance; the whole machine has only two heat loss sources, namely the combustion exhaust gas emission port and the cathode exhaust gas emission port. Since the combustion exhaust gas and the cathode exhaust gas have been cooled by the heat exchanger, their emission temperature is only slightly higher than the ambient temperature, so the energy utilization rate of the whole machine is extremely high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0019] In the figure: chassis 10, chassis air inlet 11, reformer 20, combustion air inlet 21, synthesis gas outlet 22, combustion exhaust gas outlet 23, anode exhaust gas reburning port 24, synthesis gas heat exchanger 25, combustion exhaust gas heat exchanger 26, combustion exhaust gas discharge port 27, combustion fan 28, fuel cell 30, reaction air inlet 31, cathode exhaust gas outlet 32, hydrogen inlet 33, anode exhaust gas outlet 34, cooling water inlet 35, cooling water outlet 36, hot water circulation pump 37, stack cooling water heat exchanger 38, anode exhaust gas heat exchanger 39, air humidifier 40, fresh cold air inlet 41, fresh hot air outlet 42, waste hot air inlet 43, waste cold air outlet 44, reaction air fan 45, hot water storage tank 50, ventilation duct 60, ventilation duct upper port 61, tap water tank 70, heat collecting water pump 80, cathode exhaust gas heat exchanger 90, cathode exhaust gas discharge port 91. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Figure 1 This is an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the dotted arrow represents the gas flow direction, the thin solid arrow represents the liquid flow direction, and the thick solid line represents components and pipelines; the hot side and the cold side of the heat exchanger conduct heat to each other but do not conduct the two fluid channels. The fluid temperature on the hot side is higher than the fluid temperature on the cold side, and the fluid on the cold side absorbs the heat of the fluid on the hot side.

[0021] The cogeneration device of this embodiment includes a chassis 10 , a reformer 20 , a fuel cell 30 , an air humidifier 40 , and a hot water storage tank 50 .

[0022] The reformer 20 includes a combustion air inlet 21, a synthesis gas outlet 22, a combustion tail gas outlet 23, an anode waste gas reburning port 24, a fuel input port, and a raw material input port (to simplify the drawing, the fuel input port and the raw material input port are not shown in the figure), and the combustion air inlet 21 is connected to a combustion fan 28; the air intake of the combustion fan 28 is connected to a ventilation duct 60, and the upper port 61 of the ventilation duct is set on the top of the chassis 10; the ventilation duct 60 can be made of a metal pipe or a plastic pipe, and can also be a plain wall pipe or a corrugated pipe.

[0023] The hot side of the combustion exhaust gas heat exchanger 26 is connected in series between the combustion exhaust gas outlet 23 and the combustion exhaust gas discharge port 27 of the reformer 20 .

[0024] The gas output from the synthesis gas outlet 22 of the reformer 20 includes hydrogen, CO2 and other gases, collectively referred to as synthesis gas, among which the hydrogen can be used for fuel cell power generation; the hot side of the synthesis gas heat exchanger 25 is connected in series between the synthesis gas outlet 22 of the reformer 20 and the hydrogen inlet 33 of the fuel cell 30.

[0025] The fuel cell 30 includes a reaction air inlet 31, a cathode exhaust gas outlet 32, a hydrogen inlet 33, an anode exhaust gas outlet 34, a cooling water inlet 35, and a cooling water outlet 36; the cooling water inlet 35 is connected to the outlet of a hot water circulation pump 37, and the hot side of the stack cooling water heat exchanger 38 is connected in series between the cooling water outlet 36 of the fuel cell 30 and the inlet of the hot water circulation pump 37 to form a cooling water circuit.

[0026] The hot side of the anode exhaust gas heat exchanger 39 is connected in series between the anode exhaust gas outlet 34 of the fuel cell 30 and the anode exhaust gas re-combustion port 24 of the reformer 20 .

[0027] The air humidifier 40 includes a fresh cold air inlet 41, a fresh hot air outlet 42, a waste hot air inlet 43, and a waste cold air outlet 44; the fresh cold air inlet 41 is connected to the reaction air blower 45, the fresh hot air outlet 42 is connected to the reaction air inlet 31 of the fuel cell 30, and the waste hot air inlet 43 is connected to the cathode exhaust gas outlet 32 ​​of the fuel cell 30, and the hot side of the cathode exhaust gas heat exchanger 90 is connected in series between the waste cold air outlet 44 of the humidifier 40 and the cathode exhaust gas discharge port 91.

[0028] The water intake port of the heat collection pump 80 is connected to the tap water tank 70. Between the water outlet of the heat collection pump 80 and the hot water storage tank 50, the cold side of the cathode exhaust gas heat exchanger 90, the cold side of the anode exhaust gas heat exchanger 39, the cold side of the stack cooling water heat exchanger 38, the cold side of the synthesis gas heat exchanger 25, and the cold side of the combustion exhaust gas heat exchanger 26 are connected in series in sequence.

[0029] The upper part of the chassis 10 is in a closed state, and the hot air on the top of the chassis cannot be dispersed into the outside air. The outside air can enter the chassis from the chassis air inlet 11 at the lower part or bottom of the chassis.

[0030] During operation, the combustion-supporting fan 28 delivers the hot air located at the top of the chassis 10 into the combustion chamber of the reformer 20, and burns with the fuel to generate heat, providing the required heat for the reforming of methane or methanol into hydrogen. The exhaust gas after combustion is cooled by the combustion exhaust gas heat exchanger 26 and discharged out of the machine from the combustion exhaust gas exhaust port 27, and the outside air enters the chassis from the chassis air inlet 11 to replenish the consumed air.

[0031] The reaction raw materials enter the reforming chamber of the reformer 20, and under the action of high temperature and catalyst, methane or methanol is reformed into synthesis gas containing hydrogen and CO2. After being cooled by the synthesis gas heat exchanger 25, the synthesis gas enters the fuel cell 30 from the hydrogen inlet 33 to generate electricity. The incompletely reacted gas enters the hot side of the anode exhaust gas heat exchanger 39 from the anode exhaust gas outlet 34, and after being cooled and dehydrated, it returns to the combustion chamber of the reformer 20 from the anode exhaust gas reburning port 24 to be burned.

[0032] The reaction air blower 45 delivers fresh air into the chassis from the chassis air inlet 11.

[0033] The fresh cold air inlet 41 of the air humidifier 40 absorbs moisture in the cathode exhaust gas of the fuel cell 30 flowing in from the waste heat air inlet 43 and heats up, and then enters the reaction air inlet 31 of the fuel cell 30 from the fresh hot air inlet 42, reacts with the hydrogen ions penetrating from the anode side of the fuel cell 30, generates water and generates electricity; the incompletely reacted air is output from the cathode exhaust gas outlet 32, and enters the waste heat air inlet 43 of the air humidifier 40, and after absorbing heat and water from the fresh cold air, enters the cathode exhaust gas heat exchanger 90 from the waste cold air outlet 44, and is discharged out of the machine from the cathode exhaust gas outlet 91 after cooling.

[0034] The hot water circulation pump 37 inputs cooling water into the fuel cell 30 from the cooling water inlet 35. After the cooling water absorbs the heat generated by the fuel cell 30 when generating electricity and heats up, it enters the stack cooling water heat exchanger 38 from the cooling water outlet 36. After being cooled by the stack cooling water heat exchanger 38, the cooling water enters the hot water circulation pump 37 again, thus forming a cycle.

[0035] The heat collecting water pump 80 is connected to the tap water tank 70 to supply tap water for collecting heat; the outlet of the heat collecting water pump 80 is first connected to the cold side of the cathode exhaust gas heat exchanger 90, and after absorbing the heat of the cathode exhaust gas, it enters the cold side of the anode exhaust gas heat exchanger 39, and after absorbing the heat of the anode exhaust gas, it enters the cold side of the stack cooling water heat exchanger 38, and after absorbing the heat of the stack cooling water, it enters the cold side of the synthesis gas heat exchanger 25, and after absorbing the heat of the synthesis gas, it enters the cold side of the combustion exhaust gas heat exchanger 26, and after absorbing the heat of the combustion exhaust gas, it enters the hot water storage tank 50. Finally, the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 50 has a temperature of 60-70°C and can be used as domestic hot water.

[0036] After adopting this scheme, the main heat sources are recovered by the heat exchanger and stored in the hot water storage tank in the form of hot water; the heat emitted into the chassis by the reformer, fuel cell and electrical components is concentrated on the top of the chassis in the form of hot air, and the hot air is sucked into the combustion air pump through the upper port of the ventilation duct and blown to the combustion chamber of the reformer for combustion; the whole machine has only two heat loss sources, the combustion exhaust gas exhaust port and the cathode exhaust gas exhaust port. Since the heat of the combustion exhaust gas and the cathode exhaust gas has been absorbed by the tap water in the heat exchanger, the emission temperature of the combustion exhaust gas and the cathode exhaust gas is slightly higher than the ambient temperature, so the energy utilization rate of the whole machine is extremely high.

[0037] The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes and combinations can be made based on the principles of the above embodiments.

Claims

1. A cogeneration device, comprising a chassis (10), a reformer (20), a fuel cell (30), an air humidifier (40), and a hot water storage tank (50); The reformer (20) comprises a combustion air inlet (21), a synthesis gas outlet (22), a combustion tail gas outlet (23), an anode waste gas re-combustion port (24), a fuel input port, and a raw material input port, and a combustion air blower (28) is connected to the combustion air inlet (21); The fuel cell (30) comprises a reaction air inlet (31), a cathode exhaust gas outlet (32), a hydrogen inlet (33), an anode exhaust gas outlet (34), a cooling water inlet (35), and a cooling water outlet (36); the outlet of a hot water circulation pump (37) is connected to the cooling water inlet (35); The air humidifier (40) comprises a fresh cold air inlet (41), a fresh hot air outlet (42), a waste hot air inlet (43), and a waste cold air outlet (44); a reaction air blower (45) is connected to the fresh cold air inlet (41), the fresh hot air outlet (42) is connected to the reaction air inlet (31), and the waste hot air inlet (43) is connected to the cathode waste gas outlet (32); Its characteristics are: The hot side of the combustion exhaust gas heat exchanger (26) is connected in series between the combustion exhaust gas outlet (23) and the combustion exhaust gas discharge port (27); The hot side of the synthesis gas heat exchanger (25) is connected in series between the synthesis gas outlet (22) and the hydrogen inlet (33); The hot side of the anode exhaust gas heat exchanger (39) is connected in series between the anode exhaust gas outlet (34) and the anode exhaust gas reburning port (24); The hot side of the stack cooling water heat exchanger (38) is connected in series between the cooling water outlet (36) and the inlet of the hot water circulation pump (37); The hot side of the cathode exhaust gas heat exchanger (90) is connected in series between the exhaust cooling air outlet (44) and the cathode exhaust gas discharge port (91); A heat collecting water pump (80) and a water tank (70) are also provided in the chassis (10); the water inlet of the heat collecting water pump (80) is connected to the water tank (70); and between the water outlet of the heat collecting water pump (80) and the hot water storage tank (50), the cold side of the cathode exhaust gas heat exchanger (90), the cold side of the anode exhaust gas heat exchanger (39), the cold side of the stack cooling water heat exchanger (38), the cold side of the synthesis gas heat exchanger (25), and the cold side of the combustion exhaust gas heat exchanger (26) are connected in series in sequence; A ventilation duct (60) is connected to the air intake port of the combustion-supporting fan (28), and an upper port (61) of the ventilation duct is arranged on the top of the housing (10); The upper part of the chassis (10) is in a closed state, and the hot air on the top of the chassis cannot be dispersed into the outside air. The outside air can enter the chassis from the chassis air inlet (11) at the lower part or bottom of the chassis.

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