A frequency-variable adaptive distributed antenna load

Abstract

The present invention relates to a frequency-variable adaptive distributed antenna load, wherein the distributed antenna load is composed of N high-frequency paths and N low-frequency paths in parallel, wherein the N high-frequency paths are arranged at intervals between the N low-frequency paths, wherein the high-frequency paths are composed of M groups of RC series circuits in series, wherein the RC series circuits are composed of a low-inductance high-voltage resistor and a high-voltage pulse capacitor, and wherein the low-frequency paths are composed of M low-inductance high-voltage resistors in series. The antenna load provided by the present invention is a frequency-variable adaptive distributed antenna load suitable for the construction of an electromagnetic pulse bounded wave simulator. The antenna load and the antenna system matched therewith can obtain a pulse electric field that meets the requirements in the working space without substantially affecting the waveform, and the pulse source only needs 1% to 5% of the energy stored in the traditional way; the system cost is greatly reduced, and the operation safety problem is also greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to electromagnetic pulse bounded wave radiation antenna technology, in particular to a frequency-variable adaptive distributed antenna load. Background Art

[0002] The bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator is a device for conducting electromagnetic pulse radiation effect experiments. It can undertake equipment-level and system-level effect experiments, protection performance testing and evaluation tasks. At present, there are many types of bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulators built abroad, which can simulate electromagnetic pulses of high-altitude nuclear explosions, electromagnetic pulses of ground nuclear explosions, and lightning electromagnetic pulses, etc., with high performance indicators and large construction scale. Domestic simulation equipment is mainly based on simulating high-altitude nuclear explosion electromagnetic pulses. The radiation field environment indicators are already comparable to the international level, but the number and scale of simulators are still far behind those abroad. At the same time, a small-scale ground nuclear explosion low-frequency strong electromagnetic pulse simulation experiment system has also been established, which can meet the effect and protection experiments of small and medium-sized test pieces.

[0003] The existing bounded wave simulator antenna is a parallel line structure, the antenna load is centralized or distributed, and the resistance is fixed. When the antenna height is high, in order to keep the field strength in the parallel line unchanged, the energy storage of the pulse capacitor group needs to be very high, which directly leads to the high cost of the pulse source. At the same time, high energy also poses a safety hazard. In order to solve this problem, it is urgent to develop a new type of antenna load with variable resistance to reduce the requirements for pulse source energy storage, thereby solving this problem. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings in the background technology research, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a frequency-variable adaptive distributed antenna load. By using this antenna load and an antenna system matching it, in the construction of a bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator, without basically affecting the waveform, the pulse source only needs 1% to 5% of the energy stored in the traditional way to obtain a pulse electric field that meets the requirements in the working space; since the energy storage is greatly reduced, the system cost is also greatly reduced, and the operation safety issues are also greatly reduced.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A frequency-variable adaptive distributed antenna load comprises a bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator, the bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator comprises a pulse source and an antenna system, the antenna system is arranged on the right side of the pulse source, the antenna system comprises an upper pole plate, a lower pole plate and a distributed antenna load, wherein the lower pole plate is arranged horizontally, the upper pole plate is arranged above the lower pole plate through an antenna bracket, and the distributed antenna load is arranged between the right end of the upper pole plate and the right end of the lower pole plate; the distributed antenna load is composed of N high-frequency paths and N low-frequency paths in parallel, the N high-frequency paths are arranged between the N low-frequency paths at intervals, the high-frequency paths are composed of M groups of RC series circuits in series, the RC series circuits are composed of a low-inductance high-voltage resistor and a high-voltage pulse capacitor, and the low-frequency paths are composed of M low-inductance high-voltage resistors in series; the upper pole plate is composed of 2N parallel metal wires, the left ends of the 2N parallel metal wires are connected to the high-voltage output end of the pulse source, and the right ends are respectively connected to the left end of the distributed antenna load, the right end of the distributed antenna load is respectively connected to the right end of the lower pole plate, and the left end of the lower pole plate is connected to the zero potential end of the pulse source.

[0007] The overall structure of the antenna system is composed of a front cone section, a parallel section and a load section. The front cone section is located on the left side of the parallel section and is adjacent to the pulse source, and the load section is located on the right side of the parallel section, wherein the left section of the upper pole plate and the left section of the lower pole plate constitute the front cone section, the right section of the upper pole plate and the middle section of the lower pole plate constitute the parallel section, and the distributed antenna load and the right section of the lower pole plate constitute the load section; in the parallel section, 2N metal wires of the upper pole plate are arranged in parallel in a plane and are parallel to the lower pole plate, and the space between the upper pole plate and the lower pole plate in the parallel section is the experimental space of the electromagnetic pulse simulator; in the front cone section, the 2N metal wires of the upper pole plate form a downward-inclined conical slope at the left end of the parallel section; in the load section, N high-frequency paths and N low-frequency paths of the distributed antenna load are arranged in parallel at intervals and form a downward-inclined slope at the right end of the parallel section, and the right end of the slope intersects with the right end of the lower pole plate.

[0008] The 2N metal wires of the upper electrode plate are arranged at equal intervals in the parallel section of the antenna system; the N high-frequency paths and the N low-frequency paths of the distributed antenna load are also arranged at equal intervals.

[0009] The lower electrode plate of the antenna is a metal mesh or a plurality of metal wires.

[0010] The pulse source is a pulse power source based on the Marx principle.

[0011] The principle of the present invention is as follows: the frequency-variable adaptive distributed antenna load is composed of a series of high-frequency low-inductance capacitors and low-inductance resistors, and the switching of the circuit load is realized by frequency spanning; at high frequencies, the adaptive load exhibits low impedance, which can prevent the front high-frequency components from being reflected back to the experimental workspace, thereby not causing distortion to the electric field waveform of the experimental workspace; at low frequencies, the frequency-variable adaptive load exhibits high impedance, and relative to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating at this time, the antenna can be regarded as an electrically small-size device, and the pulse width is determined by the equivalent impedance of the frequency-variable adaptive load and has nothing to do with the antenna impedance.

[0012] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The antenna load provided by the present invention is a frequency-variable adaptive distributed antenna load suitable for the construction of an electromagnetic pulse bounded wave simulator. The antenna load and the antenna system matched therewith can obtain a pulse electric field that meets the requirements in the working space without substantially affecting the waveform, and the pulse source only needs 1% to 5% of the energy stored in the traditional way; since the energy storage is greatly reduced, the system cost is greatly reduced, and the operation safety problem is also greatly reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic top view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 It is a front view schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 3 : This is a waveform diagram of the electric field in the working space obtained under the frequency-variable adaptive load in the embodiment.

[0016] Figure 4 Graph showing the frontier curve of the electric field waveform in the working space in the embodiment.

[0017] Figure 5 FIG. 4 is a curve diagram showing the impedance of the frequency-variable adaptive load changing over time in the embodiment.

[0018] In the figure, 1. pulse source, 2. antenna system, 201. front cone section, 202. parallel section, 203. load section, 3. upper electrode plate, 4. lower electrode plate, 5. distributed antenna load, 501. high frequency path, 502. low frequency path, 6. RC series circuit, 601. low inductance high voltage resistor, 602. high voltage pulse capacitor, 7. metal wire. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, a frequency-variable adaptive distributed antenna load includes a bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator, the bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator includes a pulse source 1 and an antenna system 2, the antenna system 2 is arranged on the right side of the pulse source 1, the antenna system 2 includes an upper pole plate 3, a lower pole plate 4 and a distributed antenna load 5, wherein the lower pole plate 4 is arranged horizontally, the upper pole plate 3 is arranged above the lower pole plate 4 through an antenna bracket, and the distributed antenna load 5 is arranged between the right end of the upper pole plate 3 and the right end of the lower pole plate 4; the distributed antenna load 5 is composed of N high-frequency paths 501 and N low-frequency paths 502 in parallel, and the N high-frequency paths 501 are arranged at intervals. It is arranged between N low-frequency paths 502, the high-frequency path 501 is composed of M groups of RC series circuits 6 connected in series, the RC series circuit 6 is composed of a low-inductance high-voltage resistor 601 and a high-voltage pulse capacitor 602, and the low-frequency path 502 is composed of M low-inductance high-voltage resistors connected in series; the upper electrode 3 is composed of 2N parallel metal wires 7, the left ends of the 2N parallel metal wires 7 are connected to the high-voltage output end of the pulse source 1, and the right ends are respectively connected to the left ends of the distributed antenna loads 5, the right ends of the distributed antenna loads 5 are respectively connected to the right ends of the lower electrode plates 4, and the left end of the lower electrode plates 4 is connected to the zero potential end of the pulse source 1.

[0021] The overall structure of the antenna system 2 is composed of a front cone section 201, a parallel section 202 and a load section 203. The front cone section 201 is located on the left side of the parallel section 202 and is adjacent to the pulse source 1. The load section 203 is located on the right side of the parallel section 202. The left section of the upper plate 3 and the left section of the lower plate 4 constitute the front cone section 201, the right section of the upper plate 3 and the middle section of the lower plate 4 constitute the parallel section 202, and the distributed antenna load 5 and the right section of the lower plate 4 constitute the load section 203. In the parallel section 202, the 2N metal wires 7 of the upper plate 3 are spaced apart. The upper pole plate 3 and the lower pole plate 4 are arranged in parallel in a plane, and the space between the upper pole plate 3 and the lower pole plate 4 in the parallel section 202 is the experimental space of the electromagnetic pulse simulator; in the front cone section 201, the 2N metal wires 7 of the upper pole plate 3 form a downward-inclined conical slope at the left end of the parallel section 202; in the load section 203, the N high-frequency paths 501 and the N low-frequency paths 502 of the distributed antenna load 5 are arranged in parallel at intervals and form a downward-inclined slope at the right end of the parallel section 202, and the right end of the slope intersects with the right end of the lower pole plate 4.

[0022] The 2N metal wires 7 of the upper electrode plate 3 are arranged at equal intervals in the parallel section 202 of the antenna system 2; the N high-frequency paths 501 and the N low-frequency paths 502 of the distributed antenna load 5 are also arranged at equal intervals.

[0023] The antenna lower electrode plate 4 is a metal mesh or a plurality of metal wires.

[0024] The pulse source is a pulse power source based on the Marx principle. Example 1

[0025] Now, according to the technical solution provided by the present invention, an electromagnetic pulse bounded wave simulator is established. The designed simulator has pulse field parameters of: 70kV / m, pulse width 1ms, pulse front less than 100ns, and its pulse source adopts Marx form, with parameters: output DC high voltage 800kV, and establishment capacitance of 100nF.

[0026] The antenna system is composed of a front cone section, a parallel section, and a frequency-variable adaptive distributed antenna load section. The front cone section is 30 meters long, the parallel section is 15 meters long, 15 meters wide, and 10 meters high. The frequency-variable adaptive distributed antenna load section is about 15 meters long, the total length of the antenna is 60 meters, the width is 15 meters, the aspect ratio is 1.5:1, and the antenna impedance is about 150Ω. The antenna system is set up outdoors, the antenna bracket adopts a glass fiber reinforced plastic winding tube, the crossbeam adopts a metal truss structure, the antenna upper plate adopts metal wire, and the metal wire spacing is not greater than 10cm; the frequency-variable adaptive distributed antenna load section is composed of metal wire series-parallel capacitors and resistors, with a total of 16 branches in parallel; each section of the antenna lower plate adopts a stainless steel mesh, and the mesh size is about 1cm×1cm. Fixed on the cement ground.

[0027] In this embodiment, the high-frequency path is composed of a 150Ω low-inductance high-voltage resistor and a 10nF high-voltage pulse capacitor, and is designed to be 8-way parallel, each of which is composed of 8 groups of single RC series circuits connected in series, and the single RC series circuit is composed of a 150Ω metal film resistor and a 10nF high-voltage pulse capacitor in series. The withstand voltage of a single resistor and capacitor is greater than 100kV, and the loop inductance of each high-frequency path is approximately 500nF; the low-frequency path is composed of a 15kΩ low-inductance high-voltage resistor, and is designed to be 8-way parallel, each of which is 8 15kΩ metal film resistors connected in series, the withstand voltage of a single resistor is greater than 100kV, and the loop inductance is approximately 500nF.

[0028] According to the estimation formula of capacitor discharge pulse width:

[0029] t w =0.69RC (1)

[0030] Where R is the antenna impedance and C is the series capacitor of the Marx generator.

[0031] From formula (1), we can see that when the antenna load is a common load with a resistance of 150Ω, in order to obtain a pulse width of 1ms, the series capacitance of the Marx generator must reach 9.7μF. Therefore, the energy storage of the pulse source is 3.1MJ:

[0032] W=U 2 C / 2=3.1MJ (2)

[0033] After adopting the frequency-variable adaptive load, the load resistance is still 150 ohms at high frequency and 15 kΩ (theoretical value) at low frequency, and the pulse width is mainly determined by the low-frequency impedance. To obtain a pulse width of 1 ms, the series capacitance of the Marx generator must reach 0.097 μF. At this time, the energy storage of the pulse source is about 31 kJ, which is 1% of the energy storage of the traditional method, and a pulse electric field with a pulse width of 1 ms can be obtained in the working space.

[0034] The working space electric field waveform generated by the bounded wave simulator established in Example 1 is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the front edge of the electric field waveform in the working space is as follows Figure 4 As shown, the pulse width of the effective analog waveform is about 1ms and the leading edge is less than 100ns.

[0035] The impedance variation curve of the frequency-variable adaptive load in Example 1 is as follows: Figure 5 As shown. Figure 5 It can be seen that the frequency-variable adaptive load presents low impedance in the pulse leading edge stage and high impedance in the pulse trailing edge stage.

[0036] The frequency-variable adaptive distributed antenna load in Example 1 is suitable for generating a pulse electric field waveform with a very steep pulse front and a large pulse width, and the difference between the two is more than 3 orders of magnitude.

[0037] In summary, the present invention proposes a frequency-variable adaptive distributed antenna load, and the pulse source matched with it only needs 1% to 5% of the energy stored in the traditional way to obtain a pulse electric field that meets the requirements in the working space.

[0038] The parts not described in detail in this invention are prior art.

Claims

1. A frequency-variable adaptive distributed antenna load, comprising a bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator, the bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator comprising a pulse source (1) and an antenna system (2), the antenna system (2) being arranged on the right side of the pulse source (1), the antenna system (2) comprising an upper plate (3), a lower plate (4) and a distributed antenna load (5), wherein: The lower plate (4) is arranged horizontally, the upper plate (3) is arranged above the lower plate (4) through an antenna bracket, and the distributed antenna load (5) is arranged between the right end of the upper plate (3) and the right end of the lower plate (4); the distributed antenna load (5) is characterized in that: the distributed antenna load (5) is composed of N high-frequency paths (501) and N low-frequency paths (502) connected in parallel, the N high-frequency paths (501) are arranged at intervals between the N low-frequency paths (502), the high-frequency path (501) is composed of M groups of RC series circuits (6) connected in series, and the RC series circuit (6) The invention is composed of a low-inductance high-voltage resistor (601) and a high-voltage pulse capacitor (602), wherein the low-frequency path (502) is composed of M low-inductance high-voltage resistors connected in series; the upper electrode plate (3) is composed of 2N parallel metal wires (7), the left ends of the 2N parallel metal wires (7) are connected to the high-voltage output end of the pulse source (1), and the right ends are respectively connected to the left ends of the distributed antenna loads (5), the right ends of the distributed antenna loads (5) are respectively connected to the right ends of the lower electrode plate (4), and the left end of the lower electrode plate (4) is connected to the zero potential end of the pulse source (1).

2. The frequency-variable adaptive distributed antenna load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna system (2) is composed of a front cone section (201), a parallel section (202) and a load section (203), wherein the front cone section (201) is located on the left side of the parallel section (202) and is adjacent to the pulse source (1), and the load section (203) is located on the right side of the parallel section (202), wherein the left section of the upper pole plate (3) and the left section of the lower pole plate (4) constitute the front cone section (201), the right section of the upper pole plate (3) and the middle section of the lower pole plate (4) constitute the parallel section (202), and the distributed antenna load (5) and the right section of the lower pole plate (4) constitute the load section (203); in the parallel section (202), the 2N strips of the upper pole plate (3) The metal wires (7) are arranged in parallel at intervals in a plane and are parallel to the lower electrode plate (4); the space between the upper electrode plate (3) and the lower electrode plate (4) in the parallel section (202) is the experimental space of the electromagnetic pulse simulator; in the front cone section (201), the 2N metal wires (7) of the upper electrode plate (3) form a downwardly inclined conical slope at the left end of the parallel section (202); in the load section (203), the N high-frequency paths (501) and the N low-frequency paths (502) of the distributed antenna load (5) are arranged in parallel at intervals and form a downwardly inclined slope at the right end of the parallel section (202), and the right end of the slope intersects with the right end of the lower electrode plate (4).

3. The frequency-variable adaptive distributed antenna load according to claim 2, characterized in that: The 2N metal wires (7) of the upper electrode plate (3) are arranged at equal intervals in the parallel section (202) of the antenna system (2); the N high-frequency paths (501) and the N low-frequency paths (502) of the distributed antenna load (5) are also arranged at equal intervals.

4. The frequency-variable adaptive distributed antenna load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna lower electrode plate (4) is a metal mesh or a plurality of metal wires.

5. The frequency-variable adaptive distributed antenna load according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulse source is a pulse power source based on the Marx principle.

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