Precast walls, connection structures between upper and lower walls, and wall formwork

Abstract

The present invention discloses a prefabricated wall, comprising at least a cast-in-place cavity constructed at the bottom of the prefabricated wall; the prefabricated wall also has vertical steel bars, the top of which extends from the top of the prefabricated wall, and at least a portion of the vertical steel bars is inclined along the length direction of the wall, and the degree of inclination is such that when the wall is assembled, the top of the vertical steel bars can extend into the cast-in-place cavity of the upper prefabricated wall. The present invention also discloses an upper and lower wall connection structure and a wall mold of the above-mentioned prefabricated wall.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of assembled walls, in particular to a connection structure of a prefabricated wall and a connection structure of an upper and lower wall thereof. Background Art

[0002] Prefabricated walls are prefabricated in factories using molds, with cast-in-place areas and crisscrossed steel bars inside. During construction, the prefabricated walls are transported to the construction site, assembled, adjacent steel bars are connected by tying, and then the cast-in-place areas are poured with concrete to complete the construction work.

[0003] In the related art, when assembling the lower prefabricated wall and the upper prefabricated wall, there is a problem that the anchoring is not strong enough.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a prefabricated wall and a groove connection structure thereof, so as to improve the anchoring stability during the upper and lower assembly of the wall.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a prefabricated wall, comprising a cast-in-place cavity at least constructed at the bottom of the prefabricated wall; the prefabricated wall also has vertical steel bars, characterized in that:

[0007] The top of the vertical steel bar extends out from the top of the prefabricated wall, and at least a portion of the vertical steel bar is inclined along the length direction of the wall. The degree of inclination is such that when the wall is assembled, the top of the vertical steel bar can extend into the cast-in-place cavity of the upper prefabricated wall.

[0008] Furthermore, a vertically arranged keyway is constructed at the bottom of the cast-in-place cavity, and the top of the vertical steel bar extends into the keyway.

[0009] Furthermore, the vertical steel bars are inclined inside the prefabricated wall or are inclined after extending from the top of the wall.

[0010] Furthermore, the cast-in-place cavity is located at the bottom of the prefabricated wall, and a concrete pouring channel is also constructed in the prefabricated wall; the upper end of the concrete pouring channel leads to the top of the prefabricated wall, and the lower end is connected to the cast-in-place cavity.

[0011] Furthermore, the top of the prefabricated wall has an enlarged pouring area, and the enlarged pouring area is connected to the concrete pouring channel.

[0012] Furthermore, the portion of the vertical steel bar extending from the top of the prefabricated wall is a U-shaped steel bar.

[0013] Furthermore, a plurality of the cast-in-place cavities are arranged at intervals in the length direction of the prefabricated wall, wherein the bottoms of at least two adjacent cast-in-place cavities are connected via a concrete through groove.

[0014] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a connection structure of an upper wall and a lower wall, wherein the upper wall and the lower wall are both the above-mentioned prefabricated walls, and the connection structure comprises:

[0015] The vertical reinforcement of the lower wall extends from the top of the lower wall and extends into the cast-in-place cavity at the bottom of the upper wall.

[0016] Furthermore, a vertically arranged keyway is constructed at the bottom of the cast-in-place cavity, and the top of the vertical steel bar extends into the keyway.

[0017] Furthermore, the portion of the vertical steel bar extending from the top of the prefabricated wall is a U-shaped steel bar.

[0018] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a wall mold of the above-mentioned prefabricated wall, comprising a mold frame, wherein the mold frame is provided with a first module for constructing a cast-in-place cavity at the bottom of the wall, and the top of the cast-in-place cavity module is connected to a mold pipe for constructing a concrete pouring channel.

[0019] Furthermore, a second module for constructing an enlarged concrete entry area is provided on the top of the mold pipe.

[0020] Furthermore, the first module is also provided with a third module for constructing a keyway on the inner wall of the cast-in-place cavity.

[0021] Furthermore, the third module is a rubber strip independently arranged on the first module, or the third module is integrally formed with the first module.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the vertical reinforcement of the prefabricated wall is at least partially inclined, so that it can extend into the cast-in-place cavity at the bottom of the upper wall during assembly, so that the top of the vertical reinforcement extends into the interior of the upper wall, thereby increasing the anchorage of the wall connection, and the steel bar keyway provided in the preferred embodiment increases the bonding area of ​​the new and old concrete in the cast-in-place area, and can also play a role in increasing the anchorage. At the same time, the keyway for accommodating the steel bar also facilitates the alignment of the upper and lower walls during assembly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A front view of a prefabricated wall provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top view of

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Bottom view of

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the location of the cast-in-place cavities and grooves at the bottom of the precast wall;

[0027] Figure 5 for Figure 4 An enlarged schematic diagram of the location of the cast-in-place cavity and groove;

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the prefabricated wall;

[0029] Figure 7 To show Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the internal reinforcement arrangement structure of the prefabricated wall (i.e. Figure 1 perspective view);

[0030] Figure 8 for Figure 1 Side view of the prefabricated wall when it is assembled and connected as the upper and lower walls (the floor slab is omitted);

[0031] Fig. 9 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the prefabricated wall when it is assembled and connected as the upper and lower walls (the floor slab is omitted);

[0032] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of the connection (the floor slab is omitted);

[0033] Fig.11 for Figure 1 A perspective view of the main view of the prefabricated wall when it is assembled and connected as an upper and lower wall;

[0034] Fig.12 for Fig.11 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of the connection between the upper and lower walls;

[0035] Fig.13 It is a structural schematic diagram of U-shaped vertical reinforcement;

[0036] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a prefabricated wall (without thermal insulation exterior wall) provided in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Fig.15 for Fig.14 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of the connection point when the prefabricated wall is used as the upper and lower wall assembly connection;

[0038] Fig.16A schematic diagram of the structure of a prefabricated wall (interior wall) provided in another embodiment of the present invention when being assembled and connected as an upper and lower wall;

[0039] Fig.17 for Fig.16 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of the connection between the middle and upper walls;

[0040] Fig.18 A schematic diagram of the structure of a prefabricated wall provided by another embodiment of the present invention (the steel bars are extended and then tilted);

[0041] Fig.19 for Fig.18 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of the connection between the middle and upper walls;

[0042] Fig. 20 To expand the structural diagram of the pouring area;

[0043] Fig.21 A front view of a prefabricated wall (interior wall) provided as a variation of the present invention;

[0044] Fig. 22 for Fig.21 A top view of

[0045] Fig.23 for Fig.21 Bottom view of

[0046] Fig.24 for Fig.21 Schematic diagram of the location and structure of the cast-in-place cavity at the bottom of the prefabricated wall;

[0047] Fig.25 for Fig.21 Perspective view of the precast wall;

[0048] Fig.26 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a prefabricated wall (with an insulating outer wall) provided in another variant of the present invention;

[0049] Fig. 27 for Fig.26 Perspective drawing of the facade of the prefabricated wall (with thermal insulation exterior wall);

[0050] Fig.28 for Fig.26 The schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure when the middle prefabricated wall is assembled and connected as the upper and lower walls;

[0051] Fig.29 for Fig.28 A partial enlarged structural diagram of the connection position (omitting the floor slab);

[0052] Fig.30 for Fig.26 The elevation perspective view of the middle and upper walls when connected;

[0053] Fig.31 for Fig.30 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of the middle connection;

[0054] Fig.32 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a prefabricated wall (external wall without insulation) provided in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Fig.33 for Fig.32 The schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure when the middle prefabricated wall is assembled and connected as the upper and lower walls;

[0056] Fig.34 for Fig.33 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of the connection in the middle.

[0057] Fig.35 A schematic diagram of the structure of a prefabricated wall provided by another embodiment of the present invention (the steel bars are extended and then tilted);

[0058] Fig.36 for Fig.35 perspective drawing;

[0059] Fig.37 for Fig.35 A partial enlarged perspective structural diagram of the connection between the upper and lower walls.

[0060] Fig.38 It is a structural schematic diagram of U-shaped vertical reinforcement;

[0061] Fig.39 To expand the structural diagram of the pouring area;

[0062] Fig.40 It is a side view schematic diagram of the first upper and lower wall connection structure (inner wall);

[0063] Fig.41 It is a side view schematic diagram of the first upper and lower wall connection structure (exterior wall);

[0064] Fig.42 It is a side view schematic diagram of the second upper and lower wall connection structure (inner wall);

[0065] Fig.43 It is a side view schematic diagram of the second upper and lower wall connection structure (exterior wall);

[0066] Fig.44 It is a side view schematic diagram of the third upper and lower wall connection structure (inner wall);

[0067] Fig.45 It is a side view schematic diagram of the third upper and lower wall connection structure (exterior wall);

[0068] Fig.46 is a side view schematic diagram of a fourth upper and lower wall connection structure (inner wall);

[0069] Fig.47 is a side view schematic diagram of a fourth upper and lower wall connection structure (exterior wall);

[0070] Fig.48 is a side view schematic diagram of the fifth upper and lower wall connection structure (inner wall);

[0071] Fig.49 is a side view schematic diagram of the fifth upper and lower wall connection structure (exterior wall);

[0072] Fig.50 is a side view schematic diagram of the sixth upper and lower wall connection structure (inner wall);

[0073] Fig.51 is a side view schematic diagram of the sixth upper and lower wall connection structure (exterior wall);

[0074] Fig.52 It is a structural schematic diagram of a corner wall;

[0075] Fig.53 It is a side view schematic diagram of the steel bars in the concrete (inner wall) when the upper and lower layers of the corner wall are connected;

[0076] Fig.54 It is a side view schematic diagram of the steel bars inside the concrete (external wall) when the upper and lower layers of the corner wall are connected;

[0077] Fig.55 It is a side view schematic diagram of the exposed steel bars (inner wall) when the upper and lower layers of the corner wall are connected;

[0078] Fig.56 It is a side view schematic diagram of the exposed steel bars (external wall) when the upper and lower layers of the corner wall are connected;

[0079] Fig.57 It is a structural schematic diagram of the inner wall mold of the prefabricated wall;

[0080] Fig.58 It is a structural schematic diagram of the prefabricated wall exterior mold;

[0081] Fig.59 is a schematic structural diagram of a third module integrated with the first module;

[0082] Fig.60 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the folded longitudinal reinforcement at the bottom of the inner wall;

[0083] Fig.61 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the longitudinal reinforcement at the bottom of the inner wall is folded back and has annular stirrups;

[0084] Fig.62This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the folded longitudinal reinforcement at the bottom of the exterior wall;

[0085] Fig.63 It is a structural schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the mold and the steel bars when the steel bars at the bottom of the wall are folded back;

[0086] Fig.64 It is a schematic diagram of the structure with side baffles on the mold;

[0087] Fig.65 is a schematic diagram of a wall structure with an observation window;

[0088] Fig.66 It is a structural schematic diagram of a prefabricated wall in a modified example of the present invention;

[0089] Fig.67 for Fig.66 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at the bottom;

[0090] Fig.68 for Fig.66 Elevation perspective drawing of

[0091] Fig.69 It is a schematic structural diagram of a prefabricated wall with a thermal insulation layer in a modified example of the present invention;

[0092] Fig.70 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure in which upper and lower walls are connected in a modified example of the present invention;

[0093] Fig.71 for Fig.70 A schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at the connection;

[0094] Fig.72 It is a schematic diagram of the side view structure of the connection between the upper and lower walls in a modified example of the present invention;

[0095] Fig.73 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the upper and lower wall connection structure with the insulation layer in a modified example of the present invention;

[0096] Fig.74 It is a side view of the upper and lower wall connection structure with insulation layer in a modified example of the present invention;

[0097] Fig.75 A schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom of the corner wall in a modified example of the present invention;

[0098] Fig.76 It is a side view of the upper and lower layers connection structure of the corner wall in a modified example of the present invention;

[0099] Fig.77 It is a side view of the upper and lower connection structure of the corner wall with insulation layer in a modified example of the present invention;

[0100] Fig.78A schematic diagram of the core mold structure for making a prefabricated wall of a modified example of the present invention;

[0101] Fig.79 It is a schematic side view of the structure of the upper and lower connection of longitudinal steel bars in the prefabricated wall of the modified example of the present invention;

[0102] Fig.80 for Fig.79 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at the connection.

[0103] In the figure: 1-prefabricated wall; 2-transverse reinforcement; 3-vertical reinforcement; 4-cast-in-place cavity; 5-concrete pouring channel; 6-concrete through-groove; 7-groove; 8-casting trough; 9-insulation layer; 101-lower wall; 102-upper wall; 103-floor slab; 301-vertical reinforcement of lower wall; 302-vertical reinforcement of upper wall; 401-front inner wall; 402-rear inner wall; 403-side inner wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0104] The principle and spirit of the present invention will be described below with reference to several exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these embodiments are described only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

[0105] <Example 1>

[0106] The prefabricated wall 1 provided in the embodiment of the present invention is prefabricated with concrete, and a plurality of horizontally and vertically staggered steel bars are distributed inside the wall to form a grid-like distribution structure. It should be noted that the prefabricated wall can be an inner wall (such as Figure 16-17 ), or it can be an outer wall, which can be an outer wall with an insulation layer 9 on the outside of the prefabricated wall 1 (such as Figure 1-7 As shown), it can also be an outer wall without insulation layer (such as Figure 14-15 ). Prefabricated walls can be straight walls, T-shaped walls, L-shaped walls and other walls located at corners.

[0107] Please refer to Figure 1-7 The transverse reinforcement 2 in the prefabricated wall 1 passes through the concrete part in the wall and extends from both sides of the wall. When the transversely adjacent prefabricated walls 1 are butt-jointed, the part of the transverse reinforcement 2 extending from the side of the wall can be tied and fixed. The part of the transverse reinforcement 2 extending from the side of the wall can be a U-shaped reinforcement, that is, two adjacent transverse reinforcements inside the wall are extended and connected together by arc reinforcement, which is beneficial to improve the shear strength of the wall connection.

[0108] The vertical reinforcement 3 of the prefabricated wall 1 extends upward from the bottom of the wall and passes through the top of the wall. The part passing through the top of the wall can also be made of U-shaped reinforcement (such as Figure 6, Fig.13 shown).

[0109] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a cast-in-place cavity 4 is constructed at the bottom of the prefabricated wall 1, and the top of the cast-in-place cavity 4 is connected to a concrete pouring channel 5, which leads all the way to the top of the wall. During on-site casting, the prefabricated wall is assembled, and then concrete is poured into the concrete pouring channel 5. The concrete enters the cast-in-place cavity 4 and fills the cast-in-place cavity 4 and the concrete pouring channel 5, thereby completing the on-site casting operation. The cast-in-place cavity 4 and the concrete pouring channel 5 are both prefabricated in the factory by reserving corresponding vacant positions through the mold of the prefabricated wall 1. The cast-in-place concrete cavities 4 and the corresponding concrete pouring channels 5 can be arranged in multiple groups at intervals in the length direction of the prefabricated wall 1.

[0110] Of course, in other embodiments, the cast-in-place cavity 4 is not only located at the bottom of the prefabricated wall, but runs through the entire prefabricated wall from bottom to top, forming a large cavity that is connected from bottom to top.

[0111] In some embodiments, multiple cast-in-place cavities 4 are arranged at intervals in the length direction of the prefabricated wall, wherein the bottoms of at least two adjacent cast-in-place cavities 4 are connected by concrete through grooves 6. In this way, when the cast-in-place cavities on both sides are cast, water leaks in a combined manner of concrete flow and cast-in-place area, thereby replacing mortar leveling.

[0112] The cast-in-place cavity 4 can have a variety of shapes. For example, in some embodiments, the cast-in-place cavity 4 is constructed by a square box-shaped mold during the manufacturing process of the prefabricated wall, and the cast-in-place cavity left is generally in the shape of a cube (such as Figure 5 Of course, the mold can also be a mold box with flat front and rear surfaces and curved side surfaces, so that the front and rear inner walls of the cast-in-place cavity formed are flat and the side inner walls are curved (as shown in FIG. Figure 5As shown on the lower left side of the figure). As mentioned above, the inner wall of the cast-in-place cavity 4 can generally include a front inner wall 401, a rear inner wall 402 and side inner walls 403 on both sides. The front inner wall 401 and the rear inner wall 402 are parallel to the front and back panels of the prefabricated wall 1, and the side inner walls 403 on both sides are parallel to the side surfaces of the wall. In some embodiments, a groove 7 for the lower layer of vertical steel bars to extend into is constructed on at least one side of the front inner wall 401 and the rear inner wall 402, and the cross section of the groove 7 can be T-shaped, concave, semicircular, arc-shaped or other geometric shapes. For example, the groove 7 can be arranged vertically on the front and rear inner walls of the cast-in-place cavity 4, extending from the bottom of the cast-in-place cavity 4 of the wall to the top of the cast-in-place cavity 4 (when there is a concrete pouring channel 5 above the cast-in-place cavity 4), or the groove 7 only extends to the length in the cast-in-place cavity that can be penetrated by the lower layer of vertical steel bars and terminates (when the cast-in-place cavity 4 is a large cavity that runs through the wall from top to bottom). In addition, the grooves 7 can be distributed in multiple groups along the length direction (ie, transverse direction) of the wall to accommodate more steel bars.

[0113] like Fig.65 As shown, an observation window 11 is also provided on the facade of the prefabricated wall, and the observation window 11 is connected to the cast-in-place cavity 4 inside the wall. A transparent plate material such as an acrylic plate (not shown in the figure) is installed on the observation window 11 to observe the concrete pouring condition in the wall. After the pouring is completed, the transparent plate can be removed and reused on the observation window of other walls.

[0114] In some embodiments, the portion of the vertical reinforcement 3 extending from the prefabricated wall 1 is a U-shaped reinforcement (such as Figure 6 , Fig.13 As shown), that is, the prefabricated wall is distributed with multiple groups of vertical steel bars, each of which contains two vertical steel bars, which are parallel in the wall thickness direction, and the plane where the two vertical steel bars are located is parallel to the side of the prefabricated wall 1. At this time, the parts of the two vertical steel bars extending from the top of the wall are connected together by arc bars to form U-shaped steel bars, wherein the front inner wall 401 and the rear inner wall 402 in the bottom cast-in-place cavity 4 of the upper prefabricated wall are provided with grooves 7 corresponding to each steel bar in the U-shaped bar extending from the lower wall (as shown in FIG. Fig.10 As shown in the figure, the U-shaped reinforcement can accommodate the two steel bars extending from the lower wall at the same time, further increasing the anchoring strength. In addition, the arc-shaped connecting part of the U-shaped reinforcement is also conducive to increasing the bonding area between the steel bars and the cast-in-place concrete inside the cast-in-place cavity, thereby increasing the connection strength of the upper and lower wall connection parts.

[0115] The embodiment of the present disclosure provides the connection structure of the above-mentioned prefabricated wall. As mentioned above, the prefabricated wall in this embodiment can be either the upper wall or the lower wall in the wall assembly process, with the floor 103 in the middle. Figure 8-12As shown, when used as the lower wall 101, the part of the vertical steel bar 301 of the lower wall extending from the top extends into the groove 7 at the bottom of the upper wall 102. Correspondingly, when used as the upper wall 102, the groove 7 of the cast-in-place area at the bottom of the prefabricated wall is for the lower wall vertical steel bar 301 extending from the top of the lower wall 101 to enter. The outer side of the edge of the groove 7 is the vertical steel bar 302 of the upper wall. Thus, the assembled connection of the upper wall 102 and the lower wall 101 is realized. This groove connection structure between the upper wall 102 and the lower wall 101 can make the groove 7 as a reference when the steel bar is butted, thereby improving the accuracy and speed of assembly. In addition, the groove 7 forms a depression relative to the inner wall of the cast-in-place cavity 4, increasing the inner wall area of ​​the cast-in-place cavity 4, thereby increasing the bonding area between the new and old concrete after the cast-in-place concrete enters the cast-in-place cavity 4, and improving the strength of the cast-in-place part.

[0116] In addition, according to the embodiment of the present invention, at least most of the vertical steel bars 3 are located in the concrete inside the wall. For example, the bottom of the vertical steel bar 3 is located in the concrete at the outer edge of the cast-in-place cavity 4 and extends upward. At this time, if the vertical steel bar 3 is an absolutely vertical steel bar like the vertical bars in the related art, it cannot enter the steel bar groove of the upper layer. For this reason, when arranging the vertical steel bars 3 in the embodiment of the present invention, it is at least partially inclined in the length direction (i.e., in the horizontal direction) of the wall (e.g., in the horizontal direction). Figure 7 The degree of inclination is such that the vertical reinforcement can extend from the top of the precast wall and enter the reinforcement groove at the bottom of the upper wall.

[0117] In some embodiments, Figure 7 As shown, the vertical steel bars 3 begin to tilt from the inside of the prefabricated wall 1. For example, the vertical steel bars 3 located on both sides of the cast-in-place cavity 4 tilt in a direction in which the top ends of the steel bars approach each other. This tilt is maintained until the vertical steel bars 3 extend from the top of the prefabricated wall 1. The tilt amplitude ensures that the extended part of the vertical steel bars 3 can enter the steel bar groove 7 at the bottom end of the upper wall.

[0118] In other embodiments, the vertical steel bars 3 may remain vertical inside the prefabricated wall 1, and only after the vertical steel bars 3 extend from the top of the prefabricated wall 1 do they tilt toward the steel bar groove 7 at the bottom of the upper wall. Figure 18-19 As shown, after the two groups of vertical steel bars 3 respectively located on both sides of the cast-in-place cavity 4 extend out from the top of the wall, they first tilt in the direction of approaching each other. When the tilt amplitude is sufficient for the vertical steel bars 3 to continue to extend vertically upward, they can enter the steel bar groove 7 at the bottom of the upper wall and stop. At this time, the vertical steel bars 3 continue to extend vertically upward until they extend into the groove 7 at the bottom of the upper wall.

[0119] Accordingly, there are many shapes of the concrete pouring channel 5. In this embodiment, the concrete pouring channel 5 is a through-hole type. When the concrete pouring channel 5 extends from the top of the prefabricated wall 1, if the cast-in-place area is too small, an expanded cast-in-place area can be set at the top of the wall. For example, in this embodiment, a horizontally opened casting trough 8 is set at the top of the wall, and the casting trough 8 is connected to the upper end of each concrete pouring channel 5 (such as Fig. 20 As shown). Of course, in some other embodiments, one or more casting troughs of different shapes may be provided. The casting trough may be continuous, segmented, open at one end, open at both ends, or closed at both ends, and may be in the shape of any set of figures and geometric figures such as trapezoid, square, semicircle, semi-ellipse, etc. It can be used for interior walls, exterior walls with insulation, and exterior walls without insulation.

[0120] <Modification 1>

[0121] Compared with the prefabricated wall in the above embodiment, the main difference of this modification is that there is no structural groove on the inner wall of the bottom cast-in-place cavity. When the upper and lower walls are butted, the vertical steel bars on the top of the lower wall directly extend into the cast-in-place cavity at the bottom of the upper wall, forming a pure cavity connection structure. This wall is described in detail below.

[0122] An embodiment of the present invention provides a prefabricated wall, which is suitable for use as an interior wall (such as Figure 21-25 ), external wall (including external wall including thermal insulation layer 9 (such as Figure 26-27 ) and exterior walls without insulation (such as Fig.32 )), it can be used as a straight wall or a corner wall (such as a T-shaped wall or an L-shaped wall).

[0123] Please refer to Figure 21-25 , 26-27, 32, 38, the prefabricated wall 1 is formed by pouring concrete. When the prefabricated wall 1 is produced in a factory, a mold frame is first built using a four-sided mold, and internal modules of various shapes and structures can be designed in the mold frame, so that various cavity structures are formed in the prefabricated wall 1 after pouring.

[0124] According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the prefabricated wall 1 is constructed with a cast-in-place cavity 4 at least at the bottom. For example, the cast-in-place cavity 4 may be located only at the bottom of the prefabricated wall 1 (forming a bottom cast-in-place cavity 4b), and a concrete pouring channel 5 constructed in the prefabricated wall 1 is connected above the cast-in-place cavity 4, and the concrete pouring channel 5 is connected to the top of the prefabricated wall 1. Of course, the cast-in-place cavity 4 can be completely penetrated from the bottom of the prefabricated wall 1 to the top of the prefabricated wall 1 (forming a through cast-in-place cavity 4a), forming a cavity structure with a substantially constant cross-section, which is equivalent to the entire cast-in-place cavity having the function of a concrete pouring channel at the same time.

[0125] The shape and structure of the cast-in-place cavity 4 can be varied, which can be achieved by designing modules of different shapes during the production of the prefabricated wall 1. For example, the cast-in-place cavity 4 can be a cube, an ellipse, a racetrack (i.e., the front and rear sides are straight and the sides are curved), or other geometric shapes.

[0126] The concrete pouring channel 5 may also have various shapes, for example, it may be a cylindrical through hole, which is connected from the top of the prefabricated wall 1 to the top of the cast-in-place cavity 4. Of course, other shapes and structures may also be used.

[0127] In some embodiments, the top of the prefabricated wall 1 has an enlarged pouring area 10, which is connected to the concrete pouring channel 5 to increase the fluidity of the concrete when pouring the top of the prefabricated wall. Of course, the configuration of the enlarged pouring area 10 can be in many ways, such as the enlarged pouring area can be segmented, one end can be open, both ends can be open, or neither can be open, and the shape can be a trapezoid, square, semicircle, semi-ellipse, etc. Any set of graphics and geometric graphics combined graphics. It can be used for interior walls, exterior walls with insulation, and exterior walls without insulation.

[0128] Furthermore, a plurality of cast-in-place cavities 4 are arranged at intervals in the length direction of the prefabricated wall 1, wherein the bottoms of at least two adjacent cast-in-place cavities 4 are connected by a concrete through groove 6 ( Fig.39 As shown). In this way, when pouring the cast-in-place cavities on both sides, water is leaked in the form of concrete flow and cast-in-place area, thereby replacing mortar leveling.

[0129] Multiple transverse reinforcements 2 and multiple vertical reinforcements 3 are arranged in a horizontal and vertical manner inside the prefabricated wall 1, thus forming a grid structure. The transverse reinforcements 2 are located in the concrete part of the prefabricated wall 1. Of course, if the transverse reinforcements 2 encounter vacant positions inside the wall such as the cast-in-place cavity 4, they can bypass these vacant positions or directly pass through these vacant positions. The transverse reinforcements 2 extend from both sides of the prefabricated wall 1, respectively, and are used to bind and connect with the transverse reinforcements 2 of the prefabricated wall 1 adjacent to the side. The portion of the transverse reinforcement 2 exposed from the prefabricated wall can be a U-shaped reinforcement, and the plane where the U-shaped reinforcement is located is parallel to the top surface of the prefabricated wall. The U-shaped reinforcement is conducive to increasing the bonding area with the concrete in the transverse connection point, thereby improving the connection strength and shear resistance.

[0130] The following describes the arrangement of the vertical steel bars 3 in the embodiment of the present disclosure. On the one hand, the vertical steel bars 3 are arranged in the concrete part during the production of the prefabricated wall 1 to strengthen the overall strength of the prefabricated wall 1. On the other hand, the top of the vertical steel bars 3 also extends a distance from the top of the prefabricated wall 1, and the extended portion is used to connect with the bottom of the upper wall when the upper and lower walls are assembled.

[0131] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the top of the vertical steel bar 3 can be inserted into the cast-in-place cavity at the bottom of the upper wall, so that the cast-in-place concrete and the vertical steel bars inserted from the lower steel bars are wrapped during casting, increasing the anchor strength of the upper and lower wall connection points. However, since the vertical steel bars are kept in an absolutely vertical arrangement, they will always remain in the concrete part of the prefabricated wall and cannot enter the cast-in-place cavity of the upper wall. In order to solve this technical problem, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the bottom of the vertical steel bar 3 is arranged in the concrete part of the prefabricated wall 1 to ensure the strengthening effect of the foundation, and at the same time, the vertical steel bar 3 is at least partially tilted in the upward extending part. The direction of the tilt is toward the inner side of the positive projection area of ​​the cast-in-place cavity 4 in the wall height direction. The so-called positive projection area 91 of the cast-in-place cavity in the wall height direction refers to the space area formed after the cross section of the cast-in-place cavity in the horizontal direction (such as the top and bottom surfaces of the cast-in-place cavity in the wall facade state) is projected in the wall height direction. Taking the square box-shaped cast-in-place cavity 4 in the embodiment of the present disclosure as an example, its orthographic projection area 91 in the wall height direction is the upward projection of the rectangular bottom surface of the cast-in-place cavity 4, and the projection trajectory forms a space that vertically penetrates the wall, and this cavity is the aforementioned orthographic projection area 91. Correspondingly, the inclination direction of the vertical steel bar 3 is toward the inner side of the orthographic projection area 91, which means that the vertical steel bar 3 gradually approaches the center of the orthographic projection area 91, and the degree of inclination ensures that the top of the vertical steel bar 3 can be inserted into the cast-in-place cavity 4 at the bottom of the upper wall after it is extended.

[0132] Under the above conditions, the vertical steel bars 3 can be tilted in a variety of ways. According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, in some embodiments, the vertical steel bars 3 can be tilted inside the wall. In other embodiments, the vertical steel bars 3 remain vertical inside the wall and only tilt after extending out of the wall.

[0133] In the case where the vertical reinforcement 3 is tilted inside the wall, the bottom of the vertical reinforcement 3 can be located near the outer edge of the cast-in-place cavity. The part of the vertical reinforcement 3 in this embodiment that extends from the prefabricated wall is a U-shaped reinforcement, that is, two vertical reinforcements 3a, 3b respectively close to the front and rear sides of the wall are connected together by a section of arc-shaped reinforcement. The two vertical reinforcements 3a, 3b are both located in the concrete part close to the outer edge of the cast-in-place cavity at the bottom of the wall, one of the vertical reinforcements 3a is close to the rear side of the wall, and the other vertical reinforcement 3b is close to the front side of the wall. The plane where the two vertical reinforcements 3a, 3b are located is perpendicular to the facade (i.e., the board surface) of the prefabricated wall. In order to allow the U-shaped reinforcement parts of the two vertical reinforcements 3a and 3b to enter the cast-in-place cavity 4 at the bottom of the upper wall after being extended, the two vertical reinforcements 3a and 3b are first tilted and gathered in the thickness direction of the wall in the process of extending upwards. At the same time, the two vertical reinforcements 3a and 3b are also tilted in the length direction of the wall toward the aforementioned projection area where the cast-in-place cavity 4 is located. In this way, when the vertical reinforcements 3a and 3b extend from the top of the prefabricated wall 1, the spacing between the two vertical reinforcements 3a and 3b in the thickness direction of the wall becomes narrower, and they can be inserted into the cast-in-place cavity of the upper layer. Compared with two independent reinforcements, the U-shaped reinforcement has a larger bonding area with the cast-in-place concrete after being inserted, which helps to increase the anchoring strength.

[0134] Combination Figure 35-37 As shown, in the case where the vertical steel bars 3 remain vertical inside the prefabricated wall and do not tilt until they extend out of the top of the prefabricated wall, the vertical steel bars 3 may also be U-shaped steel bars, that is, a section of arc-shaped steel bars connects two vertical steel bars 3a and 3b respectively close to the front and rear sides of the wall. At this time, after the two vertical steel bars 3a and 3b extend out, they first tilt toward the inner side of the projection area of ​​the cast-in-place cavity 4 in the height direction, and when the top ends of the two vertical steel bars 3a and 3b are located below the cast-in-place cavity at the bottom of the upper wall 102, they continue to extend vertically upward and are inserted into the cast-in-place cavity at the bottom of the upper wall.

[0135] The length of the vertical steel bar 3 inserted into the cast-in-place cavity 4 can be adjusted according to actual needs. According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, when the cast-in-place cavity 4 is only located at the bottom of the prefabricated wall 1, the top of the vertical steel bar 3 always reaches the top of the cast-in-place cavity 4. In addition, in some embodiments, the circumference of the vertical steel bar 3 contacts the inner wall of the cast-in-place cavity 4. Taking the U-shaped vertical steel bar 3 as an example, the front and rear vertical steel bars 3 can contact the front inner wall and the rear inner wall of the cast-in-place cavity 4 respectively, so that in the process of docking the upper wall 102 and the lower wall 101, the vertical steel bar 3 can generate friction with the inner wall of the cast-in-place cavity, and reduce the shaking of the upper wall 102 during the process of hoisting and falling of the upper wall 102. In addition, the inner surface of the cast-in-place cavity 4 can be a smooth surface, which does not have too many complex structures, can reduce the precision requirements during the production and processing of the prefabricated wall 1, and prevent the structural obstacles to the insertion of the vertical steel bar 3 when the structure is too fine and the processing accuracy is not up to standard.

[0136] Combination Figure 28-31 , 33, 34, and 17, the disclosed embodiment also provides a connection structure when the above-mentioned prefabricated wall is used to connect the upper and lower walls, and the floor 103 is between the upper wall 102 and the lower wall 101. As mentioned above, the above-mentioned prefabricated wall can be used as both the upper wall and the lower wall. When the upper wall and the lower wall are both the above-mentioned prefabricated walls, the lower vertical steel bars 301 extending from the top of the lower wall 101 are inserted into the cast-in-place cavity 4 at the bottom of the upper wall 102. The insertion length can reach the top of the cast-in-place cavity 4 (when there is a concrete pouring channel above the cast-in-place cavity), or other situations. The inserted lower vertical steel bars 301 can be U-shaped steel bars, and the steel bars on the front and rear sides of the U-shaped steel bars can contact the inner wall of the cast-in-place cavity 4. During assembly, when the facade of the lower wall 101 is fixed, the upper wall 102 is hoisted and slowly lowered, so that the lower vertical steel bars 301 of the lower wall 101 are inserted into the cast-in-place cavity 4 at the bottom of the upper wall 102, and then cast-in-place concrete is cast. Then, the upper vertical steel bars 302 at the top of the upper wall 102 are continuously assembled with the wall of the upper layer.

[0137] <Upper and lower wall connection method>

[0138] In summary of the above embodiments and variations, the connection structures of the upper and lower walls of several embodiments of the present invention are briefly summarized below in combination with a side view.

[0139] The first connection structure is that the top steel bars of the lower wall are connected to the bottom steel bars of the upper wall in the cast-in-place cavity at the bottom of the wall. Fig.40 , 41 The inner wall and outer wall using this connection structure are shown respectively.

[0140] The difference between the second connection structure and the first connection structure is that the cast-in-place cavity is a full-length cavity that vertically penetrates the prefabricated wall. Fig.42 , 43 The inner wall and outer wall using this connection structure are shown respectively.

[0141] The difference between the third connection structure and the first connection structure is that there is no steel bar in the cast-in-place cavity at the bottom of the upper wall, and the steel bar is in the concrete. Fig.44 , 45 The inner wall and outer wall using this connection structure are shown respectively.

[0142] The difference between the fourth connection structure and the third connection structure is that the cast-in-place cavity is a full-length cavity vertically penetrating the prefabricated wall. Fig.46 , 47 The inner wall and outer wall using this connection structure are shown respectively.

[0143] The difference between the fifth connection structure and the first connection structure is that the steel bars in the cast-in-place cavity at the bottom of the upper wall are in the exposed steel bar grooves. Fig.48 , 49 The inner wall and outer wall using this connection structure are shown respectively.

[0144] The difference between the sixth connection structure and the fifth connection structure is that the cast-in-place cavity is a full-length cavity vertically penetrating the prefabricated wall. Fig.50 , 51 The inner wall and outer wall using this connection structure are shown respectively.

[0145] <Corner wall is the connection method between the upper and lower layers of the corner wall>

[0146] Corner walls refer to walls that form a 90° angle at the edge or middle of a straight wall, such as L-shaped walls and T-shaped walls. Fig.52 As shown, the bottom cast-in-place cavity of the corner wall includes a first corner cavity 4001 and a second corner cavity 4002 which are perpendicular to each other. The grooves described in the above embodiments can also be arranged in the first corner cavity 4001 and the second corner cavity 4002.

[0147] When the upper and lower walls are connected, the bottom longitudinal reinforcement 1001 of the upper wall 102 is located in the concrete (such as Figure 53-54 , respectively, inner wall and outer wall), or the bottom longitudinal reinforcement 1001 of the upper wall 102 is exposed in the cast-in-place cavity (such as Figure 55-56 , inner wall and outer wall respectively).

[0148] <Wall mold>

[0149] like Fig.57As shown, this embodiment also provides a wall mold of the above-mentioned prefabricated wall, including a rectangular mold frame 8001, in which a first module 8002 for constructing a cast-in-place cavity at the bottom of the wall is provided, and the top of the cast-in-place cavity module 8002 is connected to a mold tube 8003 for constructing a concrete pouring channel.

[0150] The mold tube 8003 can be specifically a corrugated tube, the corrugations of which can be embedded in the concrete. This not only improves the strength of the concrete, but also allows the corrugated tube to be retained in the concrete when the mold is removed, thus eliminating the process of removing the mold tube.

[0151] Furthermore, a second module 8004 for constructing an enlarged concrete entry area is provided on the top of the mold pipe 8003.

[0152] Furthermore, a third module 8005 for constructing a keyway on the inner wall of the cast-in-place cavity is also provided on the front and / or back of the first module 8002. The third module 8005 may be a strip with a trapezoidal cross section.

[0153] Furthermore, the third module 8005 is a rubber strip independently arranged on the first module 8002 or the third module 8005 and the first module 8002 are integrally formed.

[0154] Fig.58 It is a schematic diagram of the exterior wall mold. Compared with the interior wall mold, it has an additional layer of exterior wall mold frame 8006 and insulation board 8007.

[0155] like Fig.59 As shown, the first module 8002 can be integrally formed with the third module 8005, and the third module 8005 is a hollow groove-shaped strip. The longitudinal steel bar passes through the cavity of the third module.

[0156] like Fig.64 As shown, a side baffle plate 12 can also be provided on the cast-in-place cavity module. The side baffle plate 12 is connected to the cast-in-place cavity module through a rotating shaft 13. The inner side of the side baffle plate 12 is a long strip opening (not shown in the figure). The side baffle plate 12 is closed during casting. After the side baffle plate 12 is opened, the long strip opening can be used to remove steel bars.

[0157] <The longitudinal reinforcement at the bottom of the wall is folded back and closed>

[0158] In some variations, the longitudinal reinforcement 6001 at the bottom of the wall can be folded back to form a U-shaped reinforcement, such as Fig.60 Shown is the bottom of the interior wall. Fig.62 The bottom of the outer wall. Further, the folded longitudinal reinforcement can be tied around by annular stirrups 6002. When the bottom reinforcement is folded back, the mold used is as follows Fig.63As shown, the third module 8005 is a groove integrally formed with the first module 8002 , and the folded bottom steel bar is located in the third module 8005 .

[0159] <The longitudinal reinforcement at the bottom of the wall is exposed in the cast-in-place cavity and the ends are closed>

[0160] In some variations, in combination Figures 66-77 The longitudinal steel bars 6001 of the prefabricated wall are exposed in the cast-in-place cavity 4. The longitudinal steel bars 6001 include at least one group, and each group includes at least two steel bars. For example, two longitudinal steel bars 6001 are provided, one of which is close to the front inner wall of the cast-in-place cavity 4, and the other is close to the rear inner wall of the cast-in-place cavity 4. The bottom of each group of longitudinal steel bars 6001 is closed, and the steel bars 6003 used for closing can be arc-shaped to form a ring structure, or other shapes can be used.

[0161] The top of the longitudinal reinforcement 6001 extends from the top of the prefabricated wall, and the extended part can extend into the cast-in-place cavity of the upper prefabricated wall, and the top of the extended part is also closed, such as using an arc-shaped reinforcement 6003 for closure to form a ring structure similar to the bottom.

[0162] When using this wall, the connection structure of the upper wall and the lower wall is that the longitudinal steel bar 6001 of the lower wall extends from the top of the lower wall and extends into the cast-in-place cavity at the bottom of the upper wall. The top of the longitudinal steel bar 6001 of the lower wall is a closed structure, and the bottom of the longitudinal steel bar 6001 of the upper wall is also a closed structure. Thus, the upper and lower walls form a ring anchor connection (combined with Fig.79 , 80 ).

[0163] Prefabricated walls can be either with or without insulation, and can be either straight or corner walls.

[0164] like Fig.78 As shown, a wall mold of the above-mentioned prefabricated wall includes a core mold for constructing a cast-in-place cavity, the core mold includes a main body 700 adapted to the shape of the cast-in-place cavity, and the main body 700 has a groove 701 for constructing a rib-exposed groove of the cast-in-place cavity. The groove 701 is integrally formed with the main body 700, which can replace the traditional rubber strip, and is more convenient, fast and cost-saving to use.

[0165] The main body 700 includes a support 702, a rotating shaft 703 on the support 702, a gear 704 and a spring 705 on the rotating shaft 703, the gear 704 cooperates with a rack 706, the rack 706 is fixedly connected to a telescopic plate 708, and the bottom of the telescopic plate 708 has a steel bar groove 709 for the transverse steel bars of the prefabricated wall to pass through. The longitudinal steel bars 6001 are also located at the groove 701 inside the main body. When making the prefabricated wall, the telescopic plate 708 falls to prevent the concrete from entering the inside. When removing the core mold, the telescopic plate 708 rises under the drive of a series of transmission mechanisms such as the rotating shaft, and is not hindered by the transverse steel bars, and is smoothly pulled out of the prefabricated wall.

[0166] The invention concept is described in detail using specific examples herein, and the description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the core idea of ​​the invention. It should be pointed out that any obvious modification, equivalent substitution or other improvement made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the invention concept should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prefabricated wall, comprising at least a cast-in-place cavity constructed at the bottom of the prefabricated wall; the prefabricated wall also has vertical steel bars, characterized in that: The top of the vertical steel bar extends out from the top of the prefabricated wall, and at least a part of the vertical steel bar is inclined along the length direction of the wall. The degree of inclination is such that when the wall is assembled, the top of the vertical steel bar can extend into the cast-in-place cavity of the upper prefabricated wall, and the vertical steel bar is inclined inside the prefabricated wall or after extending from the top of the wall; the part of the vertical steel bar extending from the top of the prefabricated wall is a U-shaped bar; the circumferential surface of the vertical steel bar contacts the inner wall of the cast-in-place cavity, and the front and rear vertical steel bars contact the front inner wall and the rear inner wall of the cast-in-place cavity respectively, so that during the docking process of the upper wall and the lower wall, the vertical steel bar can generate friction with the inner wall of the cast-in-place cavity.

2. The prefabricated wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the cast-in-place cavity is structured with a vertically arranged keyway, and the top of the vertical steel bar extends into the keyway.

3. The prefabricated wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cast-in-place cavity is located at the bottom of the prefabricated wall, and a concrete pouring channel is also constructed in the prefabricated wall; the upper end of the concrete pouring channel leads to the top of the prefabricated wall, and the lower end is connected to the cast-in-place cavity.

4. The prefabricated wall according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top of the prefabricated wall is provided with an enlarged pouring area, and the enlarged pouring area is communicated with the concrete pouring channel.

5. The prefabricated wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of the cast-in-place cavities are arranged at intervals in the length direction of the prefabricated wall, wherein the bottoms of at least two adjacent cast-in-place cavities are connected via a concrete through groove.

6. The prefabricated wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: An observation window is also provided on the facade of the prefabricated wall for observing the pouring of concrete in the cast-in-place cavity.

7. The prefabricated wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical steel bars of the prefabricated wall are exposed in the cast-in-place cavity. The vertical steel bars include at least one group, each group includes at least two steel bars, and the bottom of each group of vertical steel bars is closed.

8. The prefabricated wall according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top of the vertical steel bar extends out from the top of the prefabricated wall, and the extended part can extend into the cast-in-place cavity of the upper prefabricated wall, and the top of the extended part is also closed.

9. A connection structure of an upper wall and a lower wall, wherein both the upper wall and the lower wall are the prefabricated wall according to claim 1, and the connection structure comprises: The vertical reinforcement of the lower wall extends from the top of the lower wall and extends into the cast-in-place cavity at the bottom of the upper wall.

10. The connection structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The bottom of the cast-in-place cavity is structured with a vertically arranged keyway, and the top of the vertical steel bar extends into the keyway.

11. The connection structure according to claim 10, characterized in that: The portion of the vertical reinforcement extending from the top of the prefabricated wall is a U-shaped reinforcement.

12. The connection structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The vertical reinforcement of the lower wall extends from the top of the lower wall into the cast-in-place cavity at the bottom of the upper wall. The top of the vertical reinforcement of the lower wall is a closed structure, and the bottom of the vertical reinforcement of the upper wall is also a closed structure.

13. A wall mold for a prefabricated wall as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises a mould frame, wherein a first module for constructing a cast-in-place cavity at the bottom of a wall is arranged inside the mould frame, and a mould pipe for constructing a concrete pouring channel is connected to the top of the cast-in-place cavity module.

14. The wall mold according to claim 13, characterized in that: A second module for constructing an enlarged concrete entry area is provided on the top of the mold pipe.

15. The wall mold according to claim 13, characterized in that: The first module is also provided with a third module for constructing a keyway on the inner wall of the cast-in-place cavity.

16. The wall mold according to claim 15, characterized in that: The third module is a rubber strip independently arranged on the first module, or the third module is integrally formed with the first module.

17. The wall mold of the prefabricated wall according to claim 13 further comprises a core mold for constructing a cast-in-place cavity, the core mold comprising a main body adapted to the shape of the cast-in-place cavity, the main body having a groove for constructing a reinforcement exposed groove of the cast-in-place cavity.

Images