A recycling device and method for waste lithium batteries

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of recycling equipment and recycling method of waste lithium battery, its technical scheme: including discharge battery, clean water pool, conveying device connected in turn, crushing device, heating stirring device, first separating device, cooling stirring device, second separating device cloth bag dust collector and exhaust fan, discharge battery and clean water pool are connected, lithium battery is entered into crushing device by conveying device and carries out metal crushing, the present application realizes the recycling processing method and equipment of waste lithium battery, compared with traditional mechanical crushing manual screening, can significantly improve production efficiency, automatically and effectively separate the material of battery cell, improve the degree of resource utilization of waste lithium battery, eliminate the toxic gas contacted in traditional production process of manual screening.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of recycling of waste lithium batteries, and in particular to a recycling device and method for waste lithium batteries. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lithium batteries are usually used as power sources for new energy electric vehicles due to their high voltage, large specific capacity and no memory effect. A lithium battery mainly consists of a shell, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte and a separator. The positive electrode is usually formed by dispersing active materials (such as lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, etc.), conductive agents and binders in a solvent to form a uniform gel-like mixture, and then coating it on an aluminum foil. Among them, the active material has the characteristic of deintercalating lithium ions, which determines the basic performance of lithium ion batteries such as voltage and energy density; the conductive agent is usually a graphite compound that can increase the conductivity of the active material. The negative electrode structure is similar to the positive electrode, usually carbon powder is bonded to copper foil to form. Lithium batteries contain valuable metal resources such as cobalt, lithium and nickel. By recycling waste lithium batteries, valuable metals such as cobalt, lithium and nickel can be extracted and recycled. This is an effective way to avoid the risk of upstream raw material scarcity and price fluctuations, with significant economic benefits.

[0003] Currently, the recycling of waste lithium batteries usually adopts mechanical crushing, and the battery shell, battery roll core and even electrolyte are sorted and treated manually. This process cannot effectively separate the electrode materials, and the resource utilization degree of waste lithium batteries is low, and there is also a risk to the health of employees. For example, patent application No. 201821348272.0 discloses a waste lithium battery crushing and sorting device. This device does not sieve the powder in the crushed lithium battery, resulting in incomplete separation and reducing the quality of the recycling. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a recycling device and method for waste lithium batteries, which can automatically and effectively separate the electrode materials, thereby improving the resource utilization degree of waste lithium batteries.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application realizes the following technical scheme: a recycling device for waste lithium batteries, comprising a discharge tank, a clean water tank, a conveying device, a crushing device, a heating and stirring device, a first separation device, a cooling and stirring device, a second separation device, a bag-type dust collector and an exhaust fan, the discharge tank and the clean water tank are connected, and the lithium battery enters the crushing device through the conveying device for metal crushing.

[0006] Preferably, the conveying device comprises a belt conveyor and a bucket elevator connected on one side, the crushing device comprises a metal shredder, a metal crusher and a first screw conveyor, the other side of the bucket elevator is connected with the inlet of the metal shredder, the outlet of the metal shredder is sealingly connected with the inlet of the metal crusher, and the outlet of the metal crusher is connected with one side of the first screw conveyor.

[0007] Preferably, the heating and stirring device comprises a horizontal heating and stirring machine, a first buffer hopper and a second screw conveyor, and the other side of the first screw conveyor is connected with the inlet of the horizontal heating and stirring machine, and the lower side of the horizontal heating and stirring machine is provided with the first buffer hopper.

[0008] Preferably, the first separating device comprises a first air separator, a single-cylinder magnetic separator, a second buffer hopper and a third screw conveyor, the first buffer hopper is connected with the first air separator through the second screw conveyor, the first air separator is connected with the single-cylinder magnetic separator and the second buffer hopper respectively, and the second buffer hopper is connected with the second screw conveyor.

[0009] Preferably, the first air separator is provided with four discharge ports.

[0010] Preferably, the cooling and stirring device comprises a high-temperature rotary furnace, a horizontal cooling and stirring machine, a fourth screw conveyor, and the second buffer hopper is connected with the high-temperature rotary furnace through the third screw conveyor, the outlet of the high-temperature rotary furnace is connected with the inlet of the horizontal cooling and stirring machine, and the outlet of the horizontal cooling and stirring machine is connected with the fourth screw conveyor.

[0011] Preferably, the second separating device comprises a hammer crusher, a cyclone separator, a rotary vibrating screen and a second air separator connected in sequence, and the fourth screw conveyor is connected with the inlet of the hammer crusher.

[0012] Preferably, the first screw conveyor, the second screw conveyor, the third screw conveyor and the fourth screw conveyor are all full-closed conveyors.

[0013] A recycling method of waste lithium batteries, comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1, immerse the waste lithium battery in a discharge tank, the inside of the discharge tank is 5% to 20% salt water solution, and the waste lithium battery is discharged for 1 to 4 hours and washed in a clean water tank to drain;

[0015] S2, the waste lithium battery cell is conveyed to the metal shredder through the belt conveyor and the bucket elevator, the metal shredder is used to crush the waste lithium battery cell to 20 to 50 mm at one time, and the mixed fragments of the cell are obtained, the metal shredder is connected with nitrogen to prevent oxygen and water, and the tail gas is extracted after shredding and sent to a tail gas treatment system;

[0016] S3, the discharge material to the metal crusher, the second crushing of the mixed fragments of the battery cell to 5-10mm, to obtain the required size of the mixed fragments of the battery cell, the metal crusher is connected to the nitrogen gas to prevent oxygen and water, and the tail gas is extracted after crushing to the tail gas treatment system;

[0017] S4, the mixed fragments of the battery cell are transported to the horizontal heating mixer by the first screw conveyor, the horizontal heating mixer stirs and heats the mixed fragments of the battery cell to 80-100℃, and the appropriate amount of water vapor is introduced for hydrolysis of LiPF6 electrolyte lithium salt, the mixed fragments of the battery cell are stirred and heated to 200-300℃, and the electrolyte solvent and water vapor are evaporated to obtain solid mixed fragments; the tail gas is extracted after decomposition and evaporation to the tail gas treatment system, and the remaining solid material is discharged to the first buffer hopper for buffering;

[0018] S5, the solid mixed fragments are transported to the first air separator by the second screw conveyor, the first air separator separates the solid mixed fragments by air, the separation wind speed is 1-3m / s, and the light separator plastic fragments and steel shell aluminum shell are separated;

[0019] S6, the heavy aluminum shell and steel shell are discharged to the single-cylinder magnetic separator for separation, the magnetic field strength is 2000-10000Gs, and the non-magnetic aluminum shell and the magnetic steel shell are separated;

[0020] S7, the second buffer hopper is used for transferring and conveying the positive and negative electrode sheet fragments, the medium positive and negative electrode sheet fragments are transported to the high-temperature rotary furnace by the third screw conveyor, the high-temperature rotary furnace pyrolyzes the electrode sheet fragments to 300-500℃, and the pyrolysis mixed fragments are obtained, the further high-temperature rotary furnace is connected to the nitrogen gas to prevent oxygen and balance the air pressure, and the tail gas is extracted from the high-temperature rotary furnace to the tail gas treatment system;

[0021] S8, the horizontal cooling mixer cools the pyrolysis mixed fragments to room temperature, and the room temperature pyrolysis mixed fragments are transported to the hammer crusher by the fourth screw conveyor;

[0022] S9, the hammer crusher crushes the pyrolysis mixed fragments three times to 1-2mm, and obtains solid mixed particles;

[0023] S10, the solid mixed particles are transported to the rotary vibrating screen by the cyclone separator, and the dust is separated at the same time, the rotary vibrating screen separates the solid mixed particles, the screen hole is selected to be 0.5-1mm, the small particle active material is separated, and the large particle copper foil and aluminum foil are obtained;

[0024] S11, the second air separator is further used to separate the large particle copper foil and aluminum foil by air, the separation wind speed is 0.5-1m / s, the light aluminum foil particles are separated, and the heavy copper foil particles are obtained;

[0025] S12, the dust is collected by the bag dust collector connected to each crushing and separation process, the active material dust is separated by the bag dust collector, and the clean tail gas is discharged into the high-altitude atmosphere by the exhaust fan.

[0026] The present application has the beneficial effects of:

[0027] By crushing the waste lithium battery cell, the cell component materials are automatically and effectively separated, compared with the traditional mechanical crushing and manual screening, the production efficiency can be significantly improved, the resource utilization degree of the waste lithium battery can be improved, and the toxic gas contact in the manual screening process in the traditional production can be avoided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 The present application has the beneficial effects of:

[0029] The drawings show that: 1 is a discharge battery; 2 is a water tank; 3 is a belt conveyor; 4 is a bucket elevator; 5 is a metal shredder; 6 is a metal crusher; 7 is nitrogen; 8 is a tail gas treatment system; 9 is a first screw conveyor; 10 is a horizontal heating mixer; 11 is water vapor; 12 is a first buffer hopper; 13 is a second screw conveyor; 14 is a first air separator; 15 is a single-cylinder magnetic separator; 16 is a second buffer hopper; 17 is a third screw conveyor; 18 is a high-temperature rotary furnace; 19 is a horizontal cooling mixer; 20 is a fourth screw conveyor; 21 is a hammer crusher; 22 is a cyclone separator; 23 is a rotary vibration screen; 24 is a second air separator; 25 is a bag dust collector; and 26 is an exhaust fan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The preferred embodiments of the present application are further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Example one,

[0032] As Figure 1 described, a waste lithium battery recycling equipment includes a discharge battery 1, a water tank 2, a conveying device, a crushing device, a heating and stirring device, a first separation device, a cooling and stirring device, a second separation device, a bag dust collector 25, and an exhaust fan 26. The discharge battery 1 and the water tank 2 are connected, and the lithium battery enters the crushing device through the conveying device for metal crushing. The conveying device includes a belt conveyor 3 and a bucket elevator 4, and the belt conveyor 3 and the bucket elevator 4 are connected on one side. The crushing device includes a metal shredder 5, a metal crusher 6, and a first screw conveyor 9. The other side of the bucket elevator 4 is connected with the inlet of the metal shredder 5, the outlet of the metal shredder 5 is sealingly connected with the inlet of the metal crusher 6, and the outlet of the metal crusher 6 is connected with one side of the first screw conveyor 9. The sizes of the discharge outlets of the metal shredder 5 and the metal crusher 6 can be set according to actual needs. The metal shredder 5 and the metal crusher 6 are independently connected with a tail gas treatment system 8, and the metal shredder 5 and the metal crusher 6 are independently connected with nitrogen 7.

[0033] The heating and mixing device includes a horizontal heating mixer 10, a first buffer hopper 12, and a second screw conveyor 13. The other side of the first screw conveyor 9 is connected to the inlet of the horizontal heating mixer 10, and the first buffer hopper 12 is installed on the lower side of the horizontal heating mixer 10.

[0034] The first separation device includes a first air separator 14, a second buffer hopper 16, and a third screw conveyor 17. The first buffer hopper 12 is connected to the first air separator 14 via the second screw conveyor 13. The first air separator 14 is connected to both the first air separator 14 and the second buffer hopper 16. The second buffer hopper 16 is connected to the second screw conveyor 13. The first air separator 14 has four discharge ports: a steel / aluminum shell discharge port, a positive / negative electrode plate discharge port, a diaphragm / plastic discharge port, and a dust discharge port. The discharge ports of the first air separator 14 are divided into two types based on the magnetic properties of the fragments: a steel shell discharge port and an aluminum shell discharge port.

[0035] The cooling and mixing device includes a high-temperature rotary furnace 18, a horizontal cooling mixer 19, a fourth screw conveyor 20, and a second buffer hopper 16 connected to the high-temperature rotary furnace 18 via a third screw conveyor 17. The high-temperature rotary furnace 18 is an electrically heated rotary furnace. The outlet of the high-temperature rotary furnace 18 is connected to the inlet of the horizontal cooling mixer 19, and the outlet of the horizontal cooling mixer 19 is connected to the fourth screw conveyor 20.

[0036] The second separation device includes a hammer crusher 21, a cyclone separator 22, a vibrating screen 23, and a second air classifier 24 connected in sequence. The cyclone separator 22 and the second air classifier 24 are respectively connected to a bag filter 25 for dust removal. The bag filter 25 is connected to an exhaust fan 26 and exhausts air outward. The filtered dust falls into a dust hopper. The discharge port of the vibrating screen 23 is divided into two categories according to particle size: an active material discharge port and a copper foil / aluminum foil discharge port. The discharge port of the second air classifier 24 is divided into three categories according to weight: a copper foil discharge port, an aluminum foil discharge port, and a dust discharge port. The fourth screw conveyor 20 is connected to the inlet of the hammer crusher 21. The first screw conveyor 9, the second screw conveyor 13, the third screw conveyor 17, and the fourth screw conveyor 20 are all fully enclosed conveyors.

[0037] This invention recycles waste lithium battery cells by crushing them and then sorting and separating them. This effectively separates and recycles the positive and negative electrode components of the lithium battery. Compared with traditional mechanical crushing and manual screening, it can significantly improve production efficiency and enhance the resource utilization of waste lithium batteries.

[0038] A method for recycling used lithium batteries includes the following steps:

[0039] S1, the waste lithium battery is immersed in the discharge battery 1, the inside of the discharge battery 1 is 5% salt solution, and the waste lithium battery is discharged for 2 hours and washed in the clean water tank 2 to drain;

[0040] S2, the waste lithium battery cell is conveyed to the metal shredder 5 through the belt conveyor 3 and the bucket elevator 4, the metal shredder 5 is used to break the waste lithium battery cell to 20mm at one time, the mixed fragments of the cell are obtained, the metal shredder 5 is connected with nitrogen 7 to prevent oxygen and water, and the tail gas is extracted after shredding to the tail gas treatment system 8;

[0041] S3, the material is discharged to the metal crusher 6, the mixed fragments of the cell are broken to 5mm at the second time, the mixed fragments of the cell with the required size are obtained, the metal crusher 6 is connected with nitrogen 7 to prevent oxygen and water, and the tail gas is extracted after crushing to the tail gas treatment system 8;

[0042] S4, the mixed fragments of the cell are conveyed to the horizontal heating stirrer 10 through the first spiral conveyor 9, the mixed fragments of the cell are stirred and heated to 80 DEG C in the horizontal heating stirrer 10, and appropriate water vapor is introduced to hydrolyze LiPF6 and other electrolyte lithium salts, the mixed fragments of the cell are stirred and heated to 200 DEG C, the electrolyte solvent and water vapor are evaporated, and the solid mixed fragments are obtained; the tail gas is extracted after decomposition and evaporation to the tail gas treatment system 8, and the remaining solid material is discharged to the first buffer hopper 12 for buffering;

[0043] S5, the solid mixed fragments are conveyed to the first air separator 14 through the second spiral conveyor 13, the solid mixed fragments are separated by air in the first air separator 14, the separation wind speed is 1m / s, the light weight diaphragm plastic fragments and the steel shell aluminum shell are separated;

[0044] S6, the heavy aluminum shell and the steel shell are discharged to the first air separator 14 for separation, the magnetic field strength is 2000Gs, the non-magnetic aluminum shell is discharged into the aluminum shell material barrel, the magnetic steel shell is discharged into the steel shell material barrel, the light weight diaphragm and plastic are discharged into the diaphragm material barrel, the active material dust is discharged into the active material material barrel through the separator, and the medium weight positive and negative electrode sheets are discharged into the second buffer hopper 16, the first air separator 14 and the first air separator 14 are respectively connected with the bag dust collector 25 for dust removal;

[0045] S7, the second buffer hopper 16 is used for transferring and conveying the positive and negative electrode sheet fragments, the medium positive and negative electrode sheet fragments are conveyed to the high-temperature rotary furnace 18 through the third spiral conveyor 17, nitrogen 7 is introduced into the high-temperature rotary furnace 18 to prevent oxygen, the high-temperature rotary furnace 18 pyrolyzes the electrode sheet fragments to 300 DEG C, the pyrolysis mixed fragments are obtained, nitrogen 7 is further introduced into the high-temperature rotary furnace 18 to prevent oxygen and balance the gas pressure, and the tail gas is extracted from the high-temperature rotary furnace 18 to the tail gas treatment system 8;

[0046] S8, the pyrolysis mixed fragments are cooled to room temperature in the horizontal cooling stirrer 19, and the room temperature pyrolysis mixed fragments are conveyed to the hammer crusher 21 through the fourth spiral conveyor 20.

[0047] S9, the hammer crusher 21 thrice crushes the pyrolysis mixed fragments to 1 mm, and the crushed fragments are sucked into the cyclone separator 22 to separate solid mixed particles;

[0048] S10, the solid mixed particles are transported to the rotary vibrating screen 23 through the cyclone separator 22, and dust is separated at the same time, the rotary vibrating screen 23 separates the solid mixed particles, the screen hole is selected to be 0.5 mm, small particle active materials are separated, and large particle copper foil and aluminum foil are obtained;

[0049] S11, the small particle active materials are discharged to the active material hopper through the screen, and the large particle copper foil, aluminum foil and active materials are discharged to the second air separator 24 for air separation, the separation wind speed is 0.5 m / s, the heavy copper foil is discharged to the copper foil hopper, the light quality aluminum foil is discharged to the aluminum foil hopper, and the active material dust is discharged to the active material hopper through the separator;

[0050] S12, each crushing and separating process is connected with a bag dust collector 25 to collect dust, the active material dust is separated after being dedusted by the bag dust collector 25, and the dust is filtered into a dust hopper, and the clean tail gas is discharged into the high-altitude atmosphere through an exhaust fan 26.

[0051] Example two,

[0052] A recycling method of waste lithium batteries, comprising the following steps:

[0053] S1, the waste lithium battery is immersed in a discharge battery 1, the inside of the discharge battery 1 is a 10% salt water solution, and the waste lithium battery is safely discharged for 1-4 hours and then washed in a clean water pool 2 and drained;

[0054] S2, the waste lithium battery cell is transported to a metal shredder 5 through a belt conveyor 3 and a bucket elevator 4, the metal shredder 5 once crushes the waste lithium battery cell to 30 mm to obtain cell mixed fragments, the metal shredder 5 is connected with nitrogen 7 to prevent oxygen and water, and the tail gas after shredding is extracted to a tail gas treatment system 8;

[0055] S3, the material is discharged to a metal crusher 6, the cell mixed fragments are twice crushed to 8 mm, and the cell mixed fragments of the required size are obtained, the metal crusher 6 is connected with nitrogen 7 to prevent oxygen and water, and the tail gas after crushing is extracted to the tail gas treatment system 8;

[0056] S4, the cell mixed fragments are transported to a horizontal heating mixer 10 through a first screw conveyor 9, the horizontal heating mixer 10 stirs and heats the cell mixed fragments to 90°C, and appropriate water vapor is introduced for hydrolysis of LiPF6 and other electrolyte lithium salts, the cell mixed fragments are stirred and heated to 250°C, the electrolyte solvent and water vapor are evaporated, and solid mixed fragments are obtained; the tail gas after decomposition and evaporation is extracted to the tail gas treatment system 8, and the remaining solid material is discharged to a first buffer hopper 12 for buffering;

[0057] S5, the solid mixed fragments are transported to the first air separator 14 by the second screw conveyor 13, the first air separator 14 air separates the solid mixed fragments, the separation air speed is 2 m / s, the light weight diaphragm plastic fragments and the steel shell aluminum shell are separated;

[0058] S6, the heavy aluminum shell and the steel shell are discharged together to the first air separator 14 for separation, the magnetic field strength is 6000Gs, the non-magnetic aluminum shell is discharged into the aluminum shell barrel, the magnetic steel shell is discharged into the steel shell barrel, the light weight diaphragm and plastic are discharged into the diaphragm barrel, the active material dust is discharged into the active material barrel through the separator, and the medium weight positive and negative pole pieces are discharged into the second buffer hopper 16, the first air separator 14 and the first air separator 14 are respectively connected with the bag dust collector 25 for dust removal;

[0059] S7, the second buffer hopper 16 is used for transferring and conveying the positive and negative pole piece fragments, the medium weight positive and negative pole piece fragments are transported to the high temperature rotary furnace 18 by the third screw conveyor 17, the high temperature rotary furnace 18 is connected with the nitrogen gas 7 to isolate oxygen, the high temperature rotary furnace 18 pyrolyzes the pole piece fragments to 400℃, and the pyrolysis mixed fragments are obtained, the nitrogen gas 7 is further introduced into the high temperature rotary furnace 18 to isolate oxygen and balance the air pressure, and the tail gas is extracted from the high temperature rotary furnace 18 to the tail gas treatment system 8;

[0060] S8, the horizontal cooling stirrer 19 cools the pyrolysis mixed fragments to room temperature, and the room temperature pyrolysis mixed fragments are transported to the hammer crusher 21 by the fourth screw conveyor 20;

[0061] S9, the hammer crusher 21 crushes the pyrolysis mixed fragments three times to 1.5mm, and after the crushing is completed, the pyrolysis mixed fragments are sucked into the cyclone separator 22 to obtain solid mixed particles;

[0062] S10, the solid mixed particles are transported to the rotary vibration screen 23 by the cyclone separator 22, and dust is separated at the same time, the solid mixed particles are separated by the rotary vibration screen 23, the screen hole is selected to be 0.8mm, small particle active material is separated, and large particle copper foil and aluminum foil are obtained;

[0063] S11, the small particle active material is discharged to the active material barrel through the screen, and the large particle copper foil, aluminum foil and active material are discharged to the second air separator 24 for air separation, the separation air speed is 0.8m / s, the heavy copper foil is discharged to the copper foil barrel, the light weight aluminum foil is discharged to the aluminum foil barrel, and the active material dust is discharged to the active material barrel through the separator;

[0064] S12, the dust is collected by the bag dust collector 25 connected with each crushing and separation process, the active material dust is separated by the bag dust collector 25, and after the dust is filtered, it falls into the dust barrel, and the clean tail gas is discharged into the high altitude atmosphere by the exhaust fan 26.

[0065] Example three,

[0066] A recycling method of waste lithium batteries, comprising the following steps:

[0067] S1, immerse the waste lithium battery into the discharge battery 1, the inside of the discharge battery 1 is 10% salt water solution, and the waste lithium battery is discharged for 4 hours and then washed in the clean water tank 2 to drain;

[0068] S2, the waste lithium battery cell is conveyed to the metal shredder 5 through the belt conveyor 3 and the bucket elevator 4, the waste lithium battery cell is once broken to 50mm in the metal shredder 5, the mixed fragments of the battery cell are obtained, the metal shredder 5 is oxygen-proof and water-proof by introducing nitrogen 7, and the tail gas is extracted after shredding to the tail gas treatment system 8;

[0069] S3, the material is discharged to the metal crusher 6, the mixed fragments of the battery cell are twice broken to 10mm, the mixed fragments of the battery cell with the required size are obtained, the metal crusher 6 is oxygen-proof and water-proof by introducing nitrogen 7, and the tail gas is extracted after crushing to the tail gas treatment system 8;

[0070] S4, the mixed fragments of the battery cell are conveyed to the horizontal heating stirrer 10 through the first spiral conveyor 9, the mixed fragments of the battery cell are stirred and heated to 100 DEG C in the horizontal heating stirrer 10, and appropriate water vapor is introduced for hydrolysis of LiPF6 and other electrolyte lithium salts, the mixed fragments of the battery cell are stirred and heated to 300 DEG C, the electrolyte solvent and water vapor are evaporated, and solid mixed fragments are obtained; the tail gas is extracted after decomposition and evaporation to the tail gas treatment system 8, and the remaining solid material is discharged to the first buffer hopper 12 for buffering;

[0071] S5, the solid mixed fragments are conveyed to the first air separator 14 through the second spiral conveyor 13, the solid mixed fragments are air-separated in the first air separator 14, the separation wind speed is 3m / s, the light weight diaphragm plastic fragments and the steel shell aluminum shell are separated;

[0072] S6, the heavy aluminum shell and the steel shell are discharged together to the first air separator 14 for separation, the magnetic field strength is 10000Gs, the non-magnetic aluminum shell is discharged into an aluminum shell material barrel, the magnetic steel shell is discharged into a steel shell material barrel, the light weight diaphragm and plastic are discharged into a diaphragm material barrel, the active material dust is discharged into an active material material barrel through a separator, and the medium weight positive and negative electrode sheets are discharged into the second buffer hopper 16, and the first air separator 14 and the first air separator 14 are respectively connected to the bag dust collector 25 for dust removal;

[0073] S7, the second buffer hopper 16 is used for transferring and conveying the positive and negative electrode sheet fragments, the medium weight positive and negative electrode sheet fragments are conveyed to the high-temperature rotary furnace 18 through the third spiral conveyor 17, nitrogen 7 is introduced into the high-temperature rotary furnace 18 for oxygen isolation, the high-temperature rotary furnace 18 pyrolyzes the electrode sheet fragments to 500 DEG C, pyrolysis mixed fragments are obtained, nitrogen 7 is further introduced into the high-temperature rotary furnace 18 for oxygen isolation and pressure balance, and the tail gas is extracted from the high-temperature rotary furnace 18 to the tail gas treatment system 8;

[0074] S8, the horizontal cooling mixer 19 cools the pyrolysis mixed fragments to room temperature, and the room temperature pyrolysis mixed fragments are transported to the hammer crusher 21 by the fourth screw conveyor 20;

[0075] S9, the hammer crusher 21 crushes the pyrolysis mixed fragments three times to 2 mm, and the crushed fragments are separated by the cyclone separator 22 to obtain solid mixed particles;

[0076] S10, the solid mixed particles are transported to the rotary vibration screen 23 by the cyclone separator 22, while dust is separated, the rotary vibration screen 23 separates the solid mixed particles, the screen hole is selected to be 1 mm, the small particle active material is separated, and the large particle copper foil and aluminum foil are obtained;

[0077] S11, the small particle active material is discharged to the active material bin through the screen, and the large particle copper foil, aluminum foil and active material are discharged to the second air separator 24 for air separation, the separation wind speed is 1 m / s, the heavy copper foil is discharged to the copper foil bin, the light quality aluminum foil is discharged to the aluminum foil bin, and the active material dust is discharged to the active material bin through the separator;

[0078] S12, each crushing and separating process is connected to the bag dust collector 25 to collect dust, the active material dust is separated by the bag dust collector 25, and after the dust is filtered, it falls into the dust bin, and the clean exhaust gas is discharged into the high atmosphere by the exhaust fan 26.

[0079] Example four,

[0080] A recycling method of waste lithium batteries, comprising the following steps:

[0081] S1, the waste lithium battery is immersed in the discharge battery 1, the inside of the discharge battery 1 is 8% salt water solution, and the safe discharge is carried out for 1-4 hours and then washed in the clean water pool 2 and drained;

[0082] S2, the waste lithium battery cell is transported to the metal shredder 5 by the belt conveyor 3 and the bucket elevator 4, the metal shredder 5 once crushes the waste lithium battery cell to 30 mm, and obtains the cell mixed fragments, the metal shredder 5 is connected with nitrogen 7 to prevent oxygen and water, and the tail gas is extracted to the tail gas treatment system 8 after shredding;

[0083] S3, the discharge material is discharged to the metal crusher 6, the cell mixed fragments are twice crushed to 8 mm, and the cell mixed fragments of the required size are obtained, the metal crusher 6 is connected with nitrogen 7 to prevent oxygen and water, and the tail gas is extracted to the tail gas treatment system 8 after crushing;

[0084] S4, the mixed scrap of the battery cell is transported to the horizontal heating mixer 10 by the first screw conveyor 9, the horizontal heating mixer 10 stirs and heats the mixed scrap of the battery cell to 90℃, and appropriate water vapor is introduced for hydrolysis of LiPF6 and other electrolyte lithium salts, the mixed scrap of the battery cell is stirred and heated to 250℃, the electrolyte solvent and water vapor are evaporated, and solid mixed scrap is obtained; the tail gas after decomposition and evaporation is extracted to the tail gas treatment system 8, and the remaining solid material is discharged to the first buffer hopper 12 for buffering;

[0085] S5, the solid mixed scrap is transported to the first air separator 14 by the second screw conveyor 13, the first air separator 14 separates the solid mixed scrap by air, the separation air speed is 2.5m / s, and the light weight diaphragm plastic scrap and the steel shell aluminum shell are separated;

[0086] S6, the heavy aluminum shell and the steel shell are discharged together to the first air separator 14 for separation, the magnetic field strength is 8000Gs, the non-magnetic aluminum shell is discharged into an aluminum shell barrel, the magnetic steel shell is discharged into a steel shell barrel, the light weight diaphragm and plastic are discharged into a diaphragm barrel, the active material dust is discharged into an active material barrel through a separator, and the medium weight positive and negative electrode sheets are discharged into the second buffer hopper 16, the first air separator 14 and the first air separator 14 are respectively connected to the bag dust collector 25 for dust removal;

[0087] S7, the second buffer hopper 16 is used for transferring and conveying the positive and negative electrode sheet scrap, the medium weight positive and negative electrode sheet scrap is transported to the high-temperature rotary furnace 18 by the third screw conveyor 17, the high-temperature rotary furnace 18 introduces nitrogen 7 to isolate oxygen, the high-temperature rotary furnace 18 pyrolyzes the electrode sheet scrap to 450℃, and obtains pyrolysis mixed scrap, further, the high-temperature rotary furnace 18 introduces nitrogen 7 to isolate oxygen and balance the air pressure, and the tail gas is extracted from the high-temperature rotary furnace 18 to the tail gas treatment system 8;

[0088] S8, the horizontal cooling mixer 19 cools the pyrolysis mixed scrap to room temperature, and the room temperature pyrolysis mixed scrap is transported to the hammer crusher 21 by the fourth screw conveyor 20;

[0089] S9, the hammer crusher 21 crushes the pyrolysis mixed scrap three times to 2mm, and after the crushing is completed, the pyrolysis mixed scrap is sucked into the cyclone separator 22 to obtain solid mixed particles;

[0090] S10, the solid mixed particles are transported to the rotary vibration screen 23 by the cyclone separator 22, and dust is separated at the same time, the rotary vibration screen 23 separates the solid mixed particles, the screen hole is selected to be 0.8mm, small particle active materials are separated, and large particle copper foil and aluminum foil are obtained;

[0091] S11, the small particles of active material are discharged to the active material hopper through the screen, and the large particles of copper foil, aluminum foil and active material are discharged to the second air separator 24 for air separation, the separation air speed is 0.8 m / s, the heavy copper foil is discharged to the copper foil hopper, the light aluminum foil is discharged to the aluminum foil hopper, and the active material dust is discharged to the active material hopper through the separator;

[0092] S12, each crushing and separating process is connected with a bag dust collector 25 to collect dust, the active material dust is separated and dusted through the bag dust collector 25, the dust is filtered and falls into the dust hopper, and the clean tail gas is discharged into the high-altitude atmosphere through the exhaust fan 26.

[0093] The above examples are only used to explain the inventive concept of the present application, and are not a limitation on the protection of the present application. Any non-essential modification of the present application using this concept shall fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A recycling apparatus for waste lithium batteries, characterized by: The device comprises a discharging tank, a clean water tank, conveying devices, a crushing device, a heating and stirring device, a first separating device, a cooling and stirring device, a second separating device, a bag-type dust collector and an exhaust fan. The conveying devices comprise a belt conveyor and an elevator, one side of the belt conveyor and the elevator is connected, the crushing device comprises a metal shredder, a metal crusher and a first screw conveyor, the other side of the elevator is connected with the inlet of the metal shredder, the outlet of the metal shredder is connected with the inlet of the metal crusher in a sealed manner, and the outlet of the metal crusher is connected with one side of the first screw conveyor. The heating and stirring device comprises a horizontal heating and stirring machine, a first buffer hopper and a second screw conveyor, the other side of the first screw conveyor is connected with the inlet of the horizontal heating and stirring machine, and the first buffer hopper is arranged below the horizontal heating and stirring machine. The first separating device comprises a first air separator, a single-cylinder magnetic separator, a second buffer hopper and a third screw conveyor, the second screw conveyor is connected with the first air separator, the first air separator is connected with the single-cylinder magnetic separator and the second buffer hopper respectively, the second buffer hopper is connected with one side of the second screw conveyor, and the other side of the second screw conveyor is connected with the cooling and stirring device. The cooling and stirring device comprises a high-temperature rotary furnace, a horizontal cooling and stirring machine, a fourth screw conveyor, the third screw conveyor is connected with the high-temperature rotary furnace, the outlet of the high-temperature rotary furnace is connected with the inlet of the horizontal cooling and stirring machine, and the outlet of the horizontal cooling and stirring machine is connected with the fourth screw conveyor. The high-temperature rotary furnace is an electric heating rotary furnace. The first air separator is provided with four discharge ports. The second separating device comprises a hammer crusher, a cyclone separator, a rotary vibrating screen and a second air separator which are connected in sequence, and the fourth screw conveyor is connected with the inlet of the hammer crusher. The first screw conveyor, the second screw conveyor, the third screw conveyor and the fourth screw conveyor are all full-closed conveyors.

2. A method for recycling a waste lithium battery, characterized by: The device comprises the following steps: S1, the waste lithium battery is immersed in the discharging tank, the inside of the discharging tank is filled with 5%-20% salt water solution, and the waste lithium battery is safely discharged for 1-4 hours and then washed in the clean water tank to be drained; S2, the waste lithium battery is conveyed to the metal shredder through the belt conveyor and the elevator, the metal shredder is used to once crush the waste lithium battery to 20-50mm to obtain mixed fragments of the battery, the metal shredder is connected with nitrogen gas to prevent oxygen and water, and the tail gas is extracted after shredding and then treated; S3, the material is discharged to the metal crusher to be twice crushed to 5-10mm to obtain mixed fragments of the battery with the required size, the metal crusher is connected with nitrogen gas to prevent oxygen and water, and the tail gas is extracted after crushing and then treated; S4, the mixed fragments of the battery are conveyed to the horizontal heating and stirring machine through the first screw conveyor, the mixed fragments of the battery are stirred and heated to 80-100℃ in the horizontal heating and stirring machine, and appropriate amount of water vapor is introduced to hydrolyze LiPF6 lithium salt in the electrolyte, the mixed fragments of the battery are stirred and heated to 200-300℃, the electrolyte solvent and water vapor are evaporated, and solid mixed fragments are obtained. The tail gas after evaporation and decomposition is extracted to a tail gas treatment system, and the remaining solid material is discharged to a first buffer hopper for buffering; S5, the solid mixed fragments are transported to a first air separator by a second screw conveyor, the first air separator separates the solid mixed fragments by air, the separation air speed is 1-3 m / s, and the light diaphragm plastic fragments and the steel shell aluminum shell are separated; S6, the heavy aluminum shell and steel shell are discharged to a single-cylinder magnetic separator for separation, the magnetic field strength is 2000-10000 Gs, and the non-magnetic aluminum shell and the magnetic steel shell are separated; S7, the second buffer hopper is used for transferring and conveying the positive and negative electrode sheet fragments, the medium positive and negative electrode sheet fragments are transported to a high-temperature rotary furnace by a third screw conveyor, the high-temperature rotary furnace pyrolyzes the electrode sheet fragments to 300-500℃, obtains pyrolysis mixed fragments, further nitrogen gas is introduced into the high-temperature rotary furnace to isolate oxygen and balance the air pressure, and the tail gas is extracted from the high-temperature rotary furnace to a tail gas treatment system; S8, the horizontal cooling mixer cools the pyrolysis mixed fragments to room temperature, and the room temperature pyrolysis mixed fragments are transported to a hammer crusher by a fourth screw conveyor; S9, the hammer crusher crushes the pyrolysis mixed fragments three times to 1-2 mm, and obtains solid mixed particles; S10, the solid mixed particles are transported to a rotary vibration screen by a cyclone separator, and dust is separated at the same time, the rotary vibration screen separates the solid mixed particles, the screen hole is selected to be 0.5-1 mm, small particle active materials are separated, and large particle copper foil and aluminum foil are obtained; S11, the large particle copper foil and aluminum foil are further separated by a second air separator, the separation air speed is 0.5-1 m / s, the light aluminum foil particles are separated, and the heavy copper foil particles are obtained; S12, a bag dust collector is connected to each crushing and separation process to collect dust, active material dust is separated and removed by the bag dust collector, and clean tail gas is discharged into the high-altitude atmosphere by an exhaust fan.

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