Aqueous composition comprising 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid and ammonia

Abstract

The present invention relates to an aqueous composition comprising 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid and ammonia.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to an aqueous composition comprising 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid and ammonia.

[0002] Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and reproduction. About 25% of the plant-available nitrogen (ammonium and nitrates) in the soil originates from the decomposition processes (mineralization) of organic nitrogen compounds such as humus, plant and animal residues, and organic fertilizers. About 5% is derived from rainfall. However, on a global basis, the largest part (70%) is supplied to plants by inorganic nitrogen fertilizers. Without the use of nitrogen fertilizers, the Earth would not be able to support its current population.

[0003] Soil microorganisms convert organic nitrogen into ammonium (NH4 + ), which is subsequently oxidized to nitrate (NO3 - ). Although very important for agriculture, nitrates are highly mobile in soil and can be easily lost from the soil by leaching into groundwater. Nitrogen is further lost as gaseous nitrogen by microbial denitrification. Due to various losses, approximately 50% of the applied nitrogen is lost in the year the fertilizer is added (see Nelson and Huber; Nitrification Inhibitors for Corn Production (2001), National Corn Handbook, Iowa State University).

[0004] Nitrification inhibitors such as pyrazole compounds can be used to reduce nitrification, thereby improving fertilization efficiency and reducing nitrogen content in groundwater and surface water and nitrogen oxide content in the atmosphere. A problem associated with the use of pyrazole compounds is their volatility, which leads to loss of nitrification inhibitors during storage. To solve this problem, pyrazole derivatives with hydrophilic groups have been described in the prior art.

[0005] WO 96 / 24566 describes a process for preparing low-volatility pyrazole derivatives having a hydrophilic group, such as 2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, which are used as nitration inhibitors.

[0006] WO 2011 / 032904 and WO 2013 / 121384 describe 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid as nitration inhibitor.

[0007] WO 2015 / 086823 relates inter alia to a formulation of 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, which is an aqueous solution comprising 20-40% by weight of 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, wherein the solution has a pH value of greater than 7.

[0008] However, the formulations of 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid described in the prior art have disadvantages. In particular, alkaline pH values ​​may be disadvantageous for alkali-sensitive fertilizers, such as ammonium-containing and / or urea-containing fertilizers, with which nitrification inhibitors can be applied in combination. Due to the alkaline pH values, ammonium is converted into ammonia, resulting in a loss of nitrogen in the soil. In addition, it is necessary to provide formulations with a higher active ingredient content in order to improve transport logistics. In addition, it is desirable to provide formulations in the form of solutions without having to add organic solvents.

[0009] Therefore, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a formulation, preferably a 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid solution, which is compatible with alkali-sensitive fertilizers, such as ammonium- and / or urea-containing fertilizers.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is to provide a formulation, preferably a solution of 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, which is advantageous with regard to transport logistics, i.e. by being able to use higher concentrations of 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid according to the present invention, the formulation contains less water, so that the weight that has to be transported over long distances is reduced. In addition, the water input on the fertilizer, which may have a negative impact on the physico-chemical properties of the fertilizer, can be reduced by applying highly concentrated 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid.

[0011] It has surprisingly been found that one or both of the above objects can be achieved by an aqueous composition as described herein.

[0012] Thus, in one embodiment, the present invention is directed to an aqueous composition comprising 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid and ammonia.

[0013] The amount of ammonia used can make the pH of the composition 7 or lower. However, due to the presence of ammonia, 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is at least partially present in the form of hydrogen succinate and / or succinate, which is beneficial for solubility. Therefore, a high-concentration 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid solution can be obtained.

[0014] If higher amounts of ammonia are used, even higher concentrations of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid can be obtained in the solution. Although these solutions have a pH of greater than 7, they are very advantageous because concentrations of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid greater than 40 wt. % can be obtained, which is advantageous for transport logistics.

[0015] Preferred embodiments of the invention can be found in the claims and the description. It should be understood that the above-mentioned features of the subject matter of the invention and the features to be described below are preferred not only in the respective given combination, but also in other combinations without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0016] In conjunction with the above aspects of the invention, the following definitions are provided.

[0017] As used herein, the term "2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid" (also abbreviated as DMPSA) preferably refers to 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid or a combination thereof. It should be understood that 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid may be present in the composition of the present invention in a deprotonated form, thereby forming the corresponding hydrogen succinate (monoanion) or succinate (dianion). This is particularly applicable to the alkaline pH values ​​of the composition of the present invention.

[0018] In the context of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinate hydrogen, the term "succinate hydrogen" means that one of the two acidic groups of the succinic acid group of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is deprotonated.

[0019] In the context of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinate, the term "succinate" means that both acidic groups of the succinic acid group of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid are deprotonated.

[0020] As used herein, the term "2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt" refers to 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid hydrogen salt, 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinate salt or a mixture thereof. Preferably, a mixture of acid, hydrogen succinate and succinate salt is present in the aqueous composition of the present invention in chemical equilibrium.

[0021] Different isomers of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salts are possible. As used herein, the term "isomer" describes compounds having the same chemical formula and molecular weight, but different chemical structures. In the context of the present invention, 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salts may preferably be present in the following forms:

[0022] 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid in the form of hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt;

[0023] - in the form of 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt; or

[0024] - in the form of an isomeric mixture comprising

[0025] (i) 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt; and

[0026] (ii) 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt.

[0027] Preferably, 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is present as an isomer mixture as defined above. The possible isomers differ only in the position of the methyl group on the pyrazole group.

[0028] As used herein, the term "aqueous composition" refers to a composition comprising water as a solvent. Preferably, the aqueous composition according to the present invention does not contain any additional solvent in significant amounts. In particular, it is preferred that the composition comprises less than 30% by weight, preferably less than 25% by weight, more preferably less than 20% by weight, even more preferably less than 15% by weight, still more preferably less than 10% by weight, and most preferably less than 5% by weight of additional solvent. It is particularly preferred that the composition comprises less than 3% by weight, more preferably less than 1% by weight, and even more preferably less than 0.1% by weight of organic solvent. Most preferably, the composition does not contain an organic solvent. In addition, it is preferred that, of the total amount of solvent in the aqueous composition, at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight, even more preferably at least 90% by weight, most preferably at least 95% by weight, particularly preferably at least 99% by weight, and particularly preferably at least 99.9% by weight is water.

[0029] As used herein, in the context of an aqueous composition according to the present invention, the term "solution" refers to an aqueous composition in which 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or a succinate salt is dissolved. In particular, at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, more preferably at least 99% by weight, and most preferably at least 99.9% by weight of the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or a succinate salt is dissolved. It is particularly preferred that 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or a succinate salt is completely dissolved.

[0030] Preferred embodiments of the aqueous compositions of the present invention are described below.

[0031] As stated above, the present invention relates to an aqueous composition comprising 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid and ammonia.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is at least partially present in the form of hydrogen succinate and / or succinate.

[0033] In another preferred embodiment, the ammonia is at least partly present in the form of ammonium cations.

[0034] Therefore, it should be understood that 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid and ammonia exist in an acid-base equilibrium in the composition of the present invention. In particular, to some extent, one or two protons of the succinic acid moiety of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid can be transferred to one or two equivalents of ammonia to form hydrogen succinate or succinate anion, and one ammonium cation per hydrogen succinate anion, and two ammonium cations per succinate anion.

[0035] The present invention therefore also relates to an aqueous composition comprising 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinate hydrogen and / or 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinate and ammonium cations. In other words, the present invention relates to an aqueous composition comprising 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ammonium hydrogen succinate and / or 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)diammonium succinate. In a preferred embodiment, due to the acid-base balance in the aqueous composition, the composition additionally contains 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid and ammonia. Furthermore, if the composition is obtained by using an excess of ammonia compared to the acidic groups of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, an additional amount of ammonia may be present.

[0036] In view of the above, it is preferred that the aqueous composition of the present invention comprises 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate and ammonia and / or ammonium cations. These components are preferably present in an acid-base equilibrium.

[0037] With regard to the above-mentioned aqueous composition according to the invention, it is preferred that 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or a succinate salt is present in dissolved form.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the aqueous composition of the present invention is a solution. In particular, preferably at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, more preferably 99% by weight, and most preferably 99.9% by weight of the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is dissolved. It is particularly preferred that 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is completely dissolved.

[0039] The solubility of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt may depend on the ratio of the two isomeric forms present in the aqueous composition.

[0040] In one embodiment, 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, its hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is present in the form of:

[0041] -2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt forms.

[0042] In another embodiment, 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt thereof is present in the form of:

[0043] -2-(4,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt forms.

[0044] In another embodiment, 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt thereof is present in the form of:

[0045] - in the form of an isomeric mixture comprising

[0046] (i) 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt; and

[0047] (ii) 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt.

[0048] Preferably, 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate thereof are present as the above-mentioned isomer mixture. The solubility of the isomer mixture may be higher than that of a single isomer.

[0049] Regarding the isomeric mixture, preference is given to

[0050] (i) 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt; and

[0051] (ii) 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt are present in a molar ratio of 5:95-95:5, preferably 50:50-95:5, more preferably 70:30-90:10.

[0052] The aqueous composition of the present invention can be obtained by mixing 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid and ammonia in water.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the composition is obtained by using ammonia in an amount such that the molar ratio of ammonia to 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is 1:1-10:1, preferably 2:1-6:1. By varying the amount of ammonia relative to 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, the pH of the aqueous composition can be varied. Further details on this and on the amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid in the aqueous composition are provided below.

[0054] In another embodiment, the present invention is a method for preparing an aqueous composition for inhibiting nitrification, comprising the steps of:

[0055] - Mix 2-(Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid and ammonia in water.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is suspended in water and then ammonia is added.

[0057] In another preferred embodiment, 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is added to the aqueous ammonia solution.

[0058] A suitable molar ratio of ammonia to 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is 1: 1 to 10: 1, preferably 2: 1 to 6: 1. Further details on this and on the amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid in the aqueous composition are provided below.

[0059] In another embodiment, the invention relates to an aqueous composition obtainable by a process as defined above.

[0060] With regard to the aqueous composition according to the invention and with regard to the process according to the invention, the following preferences are relevant with regard to the amounts of ammonia and / or ammonium and 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogensuccinate and / or succinate.

[0061] In order to improve transport logistics, it is generally preferred that the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is present in the composition in an amount corresponding to at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 20% by weight, of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid based on the total weight of the composition.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment, the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is present in the composition in an amount corresponding to 10-70% by weight, preferably 20-60% by weight, of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid based on the total weight of the composition.

[0063] Depending on the pH of the composition, various concentrations of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate, and / or succinate salts may be achieved to provide compatibility with base-sensitive fertilizers and / or to further improve transport logistics.

[0064] In one embodiment, the pH of the composition in water is 7 or less, preferably 4-6.9.

[0065] In this regard, it is preferred that the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is present in the composition in an amount corresponding to 10-40% by weight, preferably 20-35% by weight, of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid based on the total weight of the composition.

[0066] Preferably, the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is present in the composition in an amount corresponding to 15-30% by weight, preferably 15-20 or 20-25% by weight of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid based on the total weight of the composition.

[0067] In the following preferred embodiments, the term "2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate" is referred to as "DMPSA and / or its derivatives", and "2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid" is referred to as "DMPSA". All of these preferred embodiments are optionally also preferably combined with the above-mentioned pH value of 7 or lower, preferably 4-6.9, of the composition.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 10-15% by weight of DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0069] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 15-20 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0070] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 16-21 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0071] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 17-22 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0072] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 18-23 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0073] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 19-24 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0074] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 20-25 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0075] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 21-26 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0076] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 22-27 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0077] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 23-28 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0078] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 24-29 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0079] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 25-30 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0080] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 26-31 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0081] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 27-32 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0082] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 28-33 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0083] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 29-34 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0084] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 30-35 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0085] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 31-36 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0086] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 32-37 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0087] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 33-38 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0088] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 34-39 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0089] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 35-40 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0090] As mentioned above, these DMPSA concentrations are preferably obtained when the pH of the composition is 7 or lower, preferably in the range of 4-6.9. More preferably, the pH is 4.5-6.5, especially 4.8-6.2. The pH can be adjusted by the amount of ammonia in the composition, as further explained below.

[0091] In a particularly preferred embodiment, compositions having the parameters of Table A are preferred according to the invention.

[0092] Table A

[0093]

[0094]

[0095] *Total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives, calculated as % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition

[0096] ** pH measured in water, i.e., aqueous compositions

[0097] With regard to the above embodiments involving compositions having an acidic pH and / or certain DMPSA concentrations, it is further preferred that the composition is obtained by using ammonia in an amount such that the molar ratio of ammonia to 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is 1:1-2.5:1, preferably 1.8:1-2.5:1. In particular, such a ratio preferably establishes an acidic pH as defined above. It should be understood that the ratio relates to the components before any acid-base reaction occurs. Thus, after the chemical equilibrium in the composition is established, the molar ratio relates to the total amount of ammonia and ammonium relative to the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinate hydrogen salt and 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinate salt.

[0098] Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the molar ratio of (a) ammonia and ammonium to (b) 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid hydrogen salt and 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid salt is 1:1-2.5:1, preferably 1.8:1-2.5:1.

[0099] Therefore, in a particularly preferred embodiment, compositions having the parameters of Table B are preferred according to the invention.

[0100] Table B

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] *Total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives, calculated as % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition

[0104] In another embodiment of the present invention, the pH of the composition in water is greater than 7, preferably 8-12.

[0105] In this regard, it is preferred that the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is present in the composition in an amount corresponding to greater than 40 to 70 wt. %, preferably greater than 40 to 60 wt. % of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid based on the total weight of the composition.

[0106] Preferably, the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is present in the composition in an amount corresponding to greater than 40 to 58 wt. %, preferably greater than 40 to 50 wt. % or 50-58 wt. % of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid based on the total weight of the composition.

[0107] In the following preferred embodiments, the term "2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate" is referred to as "DMPSA and / or its derivatives", and "2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid" is referred to as "DMPSA". All these preferred embodiments are optionally also preferably combined with the above-mentioned pH values ​​of the composition of greater than 7, preferably 8-12.

[0108] In a preferred embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to greater than 40 to 45% by weight of DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0109] In a preferred embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 41-46 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0110] In a preferred embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 42-47 wt. % of DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0111] In a preferred embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 43-48 wt. % of DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0112] In a preferred embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 44-49 wt. % of DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0113] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 45-50 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0114] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 46-51 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0115] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 47-52 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0116] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 48-53 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0117] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 49-54 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0118] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 50-55 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0119] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 51-56 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0120] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 52-57 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0121] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 53-58 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0122] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 54-59 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0123] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 55-60 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0124] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 56-61 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0125] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 57-62 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0126] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 58-63 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0127] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 59-64 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0128] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 60-65 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0129] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 61-66 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0130] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 62-67 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0131] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 63-68 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0132] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 64-69 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0133] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 65-70 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0134] In another preferred embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to more than 40 to 43% by weight of DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0135] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 41-44 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0136] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 42-45 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0137] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or derivatives thereof in the composition corresponds to 43-46 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0138] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 44-47 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0139] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 45-48 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0140] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 46-49 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0141] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 47-50 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0142] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 48-51 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0143] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 49-52 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0144] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 50-53 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0145] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 51-54 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0146] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 52-55 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0147] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 53-56 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0148] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 54-57 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0149] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 55-58 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0150] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 56-59 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0151] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 57-60 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0152] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 58-61 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0153] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 59-62 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0154] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 60-63 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0155] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 61-64 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0156] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 62-65 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0157] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 40-65 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0158] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 42-63 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0159] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 45-60 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0160] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 40-60 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0161] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 40-55 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0162] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 40-50 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0163] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 45-65 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0164] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 45-60 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0165] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 45-55 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0166] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 50-65 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0167] In another embodiment, the total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives in the composition corresponds to 50-60 wt. % DMPSA, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0168] As mentioned above, these DMPSA concentrations are preferably obtained at a pH of the composition greater than 7, preferably 8 to 12. More preferably the pH is 8.5 to 11.5, especially 9 to 11, the pH being adjustable by the amount of ammonia in the composition, as further explained below.

[0169] In a particularly preferred embodiment, compositions having the parameters of Table C are preferred according to the invention.

[0170] Table C

[0171]

[0172]

[0173] *Total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives, calculated as % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition

[0174] ** pH measured in water, i.e., aqueous compositions

[0175] With regard to the above-mentioned embodiments involving compositions having alkaline pH values ​​and / or certain DMPSA concentrations, it is further preferred that the composition is obtained by using ammonia in an amount such that the molar ratio of ammonia to 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is 2:1-10:1, preferably 2:1-5:1. In particular, such a ratio preferably establishes an acidic pH value as defined above. It should be understood that the ratio relates to the components before any acid-base reaction occurs. Therefore, after the chemical equilibrium in the composition is established, the molar ratio relates to the total amount of ammonia and ammonium relative to the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinate hydrogen salt and 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinate salt.

[0176] Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the molar ratio of (a) ammonia and ammonium to (b) 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid hydrogen salt and 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid salt is 2:1-10:1, preferably 2:1-5:1.

[0177] Therefore, in a particularly preferred embodiment, compositions having the parameters of Table D are preferred according to the invention.

[0178] Table D

[0179]

[0180]

[0181] *Total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives, calculated as % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition

[0182] The aqueous composition as defined above is particularly advantageous for the transport of the active ingredient 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid as a nitrification inhibitor.Acidic formulations can furthermore advantageously be used in combination with base-sensitive fertilizers.

[0183] In certain embodiments, the present invention therefore also relates to a method of applying an aqueous composition as defined herein to soil or a soil substitute in which a plant is growing or intended to grow.

[0184] The aqueous composition may be applied in combination with at least one fertilizer or with a time lag, preferably 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks or 3 weeks.

[0185] Aqueous compositions having a pH of 7 or less may preferably be applied in combination with an alkali-sensitive fertilizer, such as an ammonium-containing fertilizer.

[0186] Aqueous compositions having a pH greater than 7 may preferably be applied in combination with acid-sensitive fertilizers, such as carbonate-containing fertilizers.

[0187] The composition of the invention is suitable as a nitrification inhibitor. In one embodiment, the composition of the invention is used as a nitrification inhibitor.

[0188] In one embodiment, the composition according to the invention is applied or sprayed into and / or onto the soil and preferably applied together with at least one fertilizer, one ammonium-containing fertilizer and / or one urea-containing fertilizer into and / or onto the soil in the furrow and / or as a side application and / or as a broadcast application.

[0189] In another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention can be used as a nitrifying agent, in combination with, and / or as an additive, and / or as a coating material for fertilizers, preferably in combination with or for ammonium- and / or urea-containing fertilizers, more preferably in combination with or for ammonium- and / or urea-containing fertilizers selected from solid and liquid mineral fertilizers and organic fertilizers, most preferably in combination with or for ammonium- and / or urea-containing fertilizers selected from ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulphate nitrate, calcium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, ammonium thiosulfate, calcium cyanamide, NPK fertilizers, NK fertilizers, NP fertilizers, UAN (urea ammonium nitrate solution), manure and / or urea, particularly preferably in combination with or for calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and / or ammonium sulphate nitrate. In another preferred embodiment, the composition of the invention can be used as a nitrification inhibitor in combination with an ammonium- and / or urea-containing fertilizer selected from the group consisting of ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate nitrate, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, ammonium thiosulfate, NPK fertilizers, NK fertilizers, NP fertilizers, UAN (urea ammonium nitrate solution), manure and urea. The fertilizer can be in crystalline, granular, compacted, pelletized or ground form, preferably in granular form.

[0190] In another embodiment, the composition of the present invention can be applied to nitrogenous fertilizers or on nitrogenous fertilizers in the following manner: the composition of the present invention in liquid or solid form is mixed with fertilizers, or incorporated into the fertilizers through granulation, compaction or pelleting, by adding it to the corresponding fertilizer mixture or to a slurry or melt. Preferably, the composition of the present invention is applied to the surface of granules, pressed materials or pellets of existing nitrogenous fertilizers, for example by spraying, powder application or dipping. Other adjuvants such as adhesion promoters or coating materials can also be used. Suitable devices for implementing this application are, for example, discs, drums, mixers or fluidized bed devices, but the application can also be implemented on conveyor belts or at their discharge positions or by means of pneumatic solid conveyors. It can also be treated with anti-caking agents and / or dust suppressants at the end. The composition of the present invention can be used when fertilizing with ammonium-containing and / or urea-containing fertilizers. It is preferably applied to agricultural or horticultural land.

[0191] Fertilizers may be used, processed, combined, treated, coated and / or melted with the compositions of the present invention.

[0192] In one embodiment, the present composition is preferably applied to plants by spraying soil and / or leaves. Here, water, for example, can be used as a carrier by conventional spraying techniques using a spraying liquid amount of about 50-1000l / ha (for example 300-400l / ha). The present composition can also be applied by low-volume or ultra-low-volume methods or in micro-particle form. The present composition can be applied before or after emergence or together with the seed of crops. The present composition can also be applied by applying the seeds of crops pretreated with the present composition.

[0193] In another embodiment, the composition of the present invention can be applied by treating seeds. Seed treatment basically includes all procedures based on the composition of the present invention and its compounds well known to those skilled in the art (seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking, seed coating, seed multilayer coating, seed shelling, seed dripping and seed pelleting). In this case, the composition of the present invention can be applied diluted or undiluted.

[0194] The term "seed" includes all types of seeds, such as corn, seeds, fruits, tubers, rice seedlings and similar forms. The preferred term seed here describes corn and seeds. The seeds used can be seeds of the above-mentioned useful plants, but can also be seeds of transgenic plants or plants obtained by conventional breeding methods.

[0195] The term "fertilizer" is understood to mean a compound applied to promote plant and fruit growth. Fertilizers are typically applied through the soil (to be absorbed by plant roots), through soil substitutes (also to be absorbed by plant roots), or through foliar feeding (to be absorbed by leaves). The term also includes mixtures of one or more different types of fertilizers as described below.

[0196] The term "fertilizer" can be subdivided into several categories including: a) organic fertilizers (composed of plant / animal matter), b) inorganic fertilizers (composed of chemicals and minerals) and c) urea-containing fertilizers.

[0197] Organic fertilizers include fertilizers such as liquid fertilizers, semi-liquid fertilizers, biogas fertilizers, manure or straw fertilizers, slurries, liquid manure, sewage sludge, vermicompost, peat, seaweed, compost, sewage and guano. Usually green manure crops (fertilizer crops) are also planted to increase nutrition (especially nitrogen) for the soil. The organic fertilizers manufactured include compost, blood meal, bone meal and seaweed extract. Other examples are enzyme digested protein, fish meal and feather meal. Decomposition of crop residues from previous years is another source of fertility.

[0198] Inorganic fertilizers are usually made by chemical methods (such as the Haber-Bosch process), which also use natural deposits but chemically modify them (e.g. concentrated TSP). Natural inorganic fertilizers include Chilean sodium nitrate, rock phosphate, limestone, potash sulfate, potassium chloride, and raw potash.

[0199] Typical solid fertilizers are in crystalline, granular or granular form. Typical nitrogen-containing inorganic fertilizers are ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate nitrate, calcium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, ammonium thiosulfate and calcium cyanamide.

[0200] Inorganic fertilizers can be NPK fertilizers. "NPK fertilizers" are inorganic fertilizers formulated in appropriate concentrations and contain a combination of the three main nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) and usually S, Mg, Ca and trace elements. "NK fertilizers" contain two main nutrients nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) and usually S, Mg, Ca and trace elements. "NP fertilizers" contain two main nutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and usually S, Mg, Ca and trace elements.

[0201] In a specific embodiment, the urea-containing fertilizer may be urea formaldehyde, UAN, urea sulfur, stabilized urea, urea-based NPK fertilizer or urea ammonium sulfate. Also included is the use of urea as a fertilizer. In the case of using or providing urea-containing fertilizers or urea, it is particularly preferred that urease inhibitors as defined above may be added or they may be present additionally, or they may be used simultaneously or in combination with urea-containing fertilizers.

[0202] The fertilizer may be provided in any suitable form, for example as coated or uncoated granules, in liquid or semi-liquid form, as a sprayable fertilizer or via drip irrigation or the like.

[0203] A wide range of materials can be provided for coated fertilizers. For example, the coating can be applied to granular or granular nitrogen (N) fertilizers or multi-nutrient fertilizers. Urea is usually used as the base material for most coated fertilizers. However, the present invention also includes other base materials for coated fertilizers, any fertilizer as defined herein. In some embodiments, elemental sulfur can be used as a fertilizer coating. The coating can be carried out by spraying molten S on urea particles and then applying sealing wax to seal cracks in the coating. In another embodiment, the S layer can be covered with an organic polymer layer, preferably a thin layer of an organic polymer. In another embodiment, the coated fertilizer is preferably a physical mixture of coated and uncoated fertilizers.

[0204] Other coated fertilizers included may be provided by reacting a resin-based polymer on the surface of the fertilizer particles.Another example of providing a coated fertilizer includes using a low permeability polyethylene polymer in combination with a high permeability coating.

[0205] In specific embodiments, the composition and / or thickness of the fertilizer coating can be adjusted to, for example, control the nutrient release rate for a specific application. The nutrient release duration of a specific fertilizer can vary, for example, from a few weeks to several months.

[0206] Coated fertilizers can be provided as controlled release fertilizers (CRF). In specific embodiments, these controlled release fertilizers are fully coated NPK fertilizers, which are homogeneous and generally show a predetermined long-term release. In other embodiments, CRF can be provided as a blended controlled release fertilizer product that can contain coated, uncoated and / or slow-release components. In some embodiments, these coated fertilizers can additionally include micronutrients. In specific embodiments, these fertilizers can show a predetermined long-term, such as in the case of NPK fertilizers.

[0207] Additional feasible examples of CRF include combined release fertilizers. These fertilizers typically show a predetermined release combination (e.g., high / standard / low) and a predetermined long-term nature. In an exemplary embodiment, fully coated NPK, Mg, and micronutrients can be delivered in a combined release manner.

[0208] Also possible are double coating approaches or coated fertilizers based on programmed release.

[0209] In other embodiments, the fertilizer mixture may be provided as a slow release fertilizer or may include or contain a slow release fertilizer. The fertilizer may, for example, be released over any suitable period of time, for example over a period of 1-5 months, preferably up to 3 months. Typical examples of ingredients of slow release fertilizers are IBDU (isobutylene diurea), for example containing about 31-32% nitrogen, of which 90% is water insoluble; or UF, a urea-formaldehyde product containing about 38% nitrogen, of which about 70% can be provided as water-insoluble nitrogen; or CDU (crotyl diurea) containing about 32% nitrogen; or MU (methylene urea) containing about 38-40% nitrogen, of which 25-60% is typically cold water insoluble nitrogen; or MDU (methylene diurea) containing about 40% nitrogen. ), less than 25% of which is cold water insoluble nitrogen; or MO (hydroxymethyl urea) containing about 30% nitrogen, which can usually be used in solution; or DMTU (dimethylene triurea) containing about 40% nitrogen, less than 25% of which is cold water insoluble nitrogen; or TMTU (trimethylene tetraurea), which can be provided as a component of UF products; or TMPU (trimethylene pentaurea), which can also be provided as a component of UF products; or UT (urea triazone solution) usually containing about 28% nitrogen. The fertilizer mixture can also be a long-term nitrogen-containing fertilizer containing a mixture of acetylene diurea and at least one other organic nitrogen-containing fertilizer selected from methylene urea, isobutylene diurea, crotonyl diurea, substituted triazinones, 1,3-diaminoformyl urea (triuret) or mixtures thereof.

[0210] Any of the above fertilizers or fertilizer forms can be suitably combined. For example, slow-release fertilizers can be provided as coated fertilizers. They can also be combined with other fertilizers or fertilizer types. The same applies to the presence of the composition of the present invention, which can be adapted to the form and chemical properties of the fertilizer and can therefore be provided so that its release is accompanied by the release of the fertilizer, for example, at the same time or with the same frequency.

[0211] The term "drip fertigation" as used herein refers to the application of fertilizers, optional soil amendments and optional other water-soluble products together with water to plants or places where plants grow or are intended to grow, or soil substitutes as defined below, through an irrigation system. For example, liquid fertilizers or dissolved fertilizers can be directly provided to plants or places where plants grow or are intended to grow via drip fertigation. Similarly, the present composition can be provided to plants or places where plants grow or are intended to grow via drip fertigation. Fertilizers and the present composition can be provided together, for example, dissolved in the same feed or charge of the material to be irrigated (usually water). In other embodiments, fertilizers and the present composition can be provided at different time points. For example, fertilizers can be dripped first, and then the present composition can be dripped, or preferably, the present composition can be dripped first, and then fertilizers can be dripped. The time intervals of these activities follow the time intervals described above for applying fertilizers and the present composition, for example, 0.25 hours to 30 days, preferably 0.5 hours to 14 days, particularly 1 hour to 7 days, or 1.5 hours to 5 days, even more preferably 2 hours to 1 day. It is also feasible to repeatedly drip-feed the fertilizers and the composition according to the invention, either together or intermittently, for example every 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days or longer.

[0212] In another preferred embodiment, fertilizer can be first applied to soil or plant, then apply the present composition, or preferably, the present composition can be first applied to soil or plant, then apply fertilizer. The time interval of these activities follows the time interval described above for applying fertilizer and the present composition, for example 0.25 hour to 30 days, preferably 0.5 hour to 14 days, particularly 1 hour to 7 days, or 1.5 hours to 5 days, even more preferably 2 hours to 1 day time interval. It is also feasible to repeat the application of fertilizer and the present composition, either together or intermittently, for example every 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days or longer.

[0213] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the fertilizer is an ammonium-containing fertilizer and / or a urea-containing fertilizer.

[0214] The invention furthermore relates to agrochemical mixtures comprising at least one fertilizer and a composition according to the invention.

[0215] The agrochemical mixtures of the present invention may comprise one fertilizer as defined above and the composition of the present invention. In other embodiments, the agrochemical mixtures of the present invention may comprise at least one or more than one fertilizer as defined above, for example 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more different fertilizers (including inorganic, organic and urea-containing fertilizers) and the composition of the present invention.

[0216] In addition to at least one fertilizer and the composition of the present invention, the agrochemical mixture may comprise other ingredients, compounds, active compounds or compositions, etc. For example, the agrochemical mixture may additionally comprise or include or be based on a carrier, such as an agrochemical carrier, preferably an agrochemical carrier as defined herein. In other embodiments, the agrochemical mixture may further comprise at least one additional pesticide compound. For example, the agrochemical mixture may additionally comprise at least one other compound selected from herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators, biopesticides, urease inhibitors, nitrification inhibitors and denitrification inhibitors.

[0217] In a specific embodiment, the treatment can be carried out during all suitable growth stages of the plants defined herein. For example, the treatment can be carried out during the BBCH main growth stage.

[0218] The term "BBCH main growth stage" relates to the extended BBCH standard, which is a system of uniformly coding phenological growth stages for all monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant varieties, wherein the entire development cycle of the plant is subdivided into longer continuous development stages that can be clearly identified and distinguished. The BBCH standard uses a decimal coding system that is divided into major and minor growth stages. The abbreviation BBCH is derived from the Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (Germany), the Bundessortenamt (Germany) and the chemical industry.

[0219] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for reducing nitrification, comprising treating plants growing on soil or soil substitutes and / or the site where the plants are growing or intended to grow with a composition of the present invention at a growth stage (GS) between GS 00-GS>BBCH 99 of the plants, preferably between GS 00-GS 65 BBCH of the plants (for example when fertilizing after harvesting apples in autumn).

[0220] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for reducing nitrification, comprising treating plants growing on soil or soil substitutes and / or the locus where the plants are growing or intended to grow with a composition of the present invention at a growth stage (GS) between GS 00 and GS 45 of the plants, preferably between GS 00 and GS 40BBCH of the plants.

[0221] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for reducing nitrification, comprising treating plants growing on soil or soil substitutes and / or the locus where the plants are growing or intended to grow with a composition according to the invention during the early growth stage (GS) of the plant, especially GS 00-GS 05, or GS 00-GS 10, or GS 00-GS 15, or GS 00-GS 20, or GS 00-GS 25 or GS 00-GS 33 BBCH. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the method for reducing nitrification comprises treating plants growing on soil or soil substitutes and / or the locus where the plants are growing or intended to grow with a composition according to the invention during the growth stage including GS 00.

[0222] In another specific embodiment of the invention, the composition according to the invention is applied to plants growing on soil or soil substitute and / or to the locus where the plants are growing or intended to grow, at a growth stage between GS 00-GS 55 BBCH of the plants.

[0223] In another embodiment of the invention, the composition of the invention is applied to plants growing on soil or soil substitute and / or to the locus where the plants are growing or intended to grow, at a growth stage between GS 00-GS 47 BBCH of the plants.

[0224] In one embodiment of the invention, the composition according to the invention is applied to plants growing on soil or a soil substitute and / or to the locus where the plants are growing or intended to grow before and at the time of sowing, before emergence and until harvest (GS00-GS 89 BBCH), or at a growth stage (GS) between GS 00-GS 65 BBCH of the plants.

[0225] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the compositions according to the invention are used to treat the locus where the plants are to grow with the compositions according to the invention before planting the plants and / or before sowing the seeds of the plants.

[0226] Depending on the method of application, the compositions of the invention can additionally be used in many other crops to increase yield, to increase yield (e.g. biomass production, grain yield, starch content, oil content or protein content), to improve plant health or to improve or regulate plant growth. Examples of suitable crops are as follows: onion (Allium cepa), pineapple (Ananascomosus), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), asparagus (Asparagus officinalis), oats (Avenasativa), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris spec.altissima), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris spec.rapa), rapeseed (Brassica napus var.napus), turnip (Brassica napus var.napobrassica), turnip (Brassica rapa var.silvestris), kale (Brassica oleracea), black mustard (Brassicanigra), tea (Camellia sinensis), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), pecan (Caryaillinoinensis), lemon (Citrus limon), sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), small-fruit coffee (Coffea arabica) (Coffea canephora), large-fruit coffee (Coffea liberica), Cucumber (Cucumissativus), Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), Carrot (Daucus carota), Oil palm (Elaeisguineensis), European strawberry (Fragaria vesca), Soybean (Glycine max), Upland cotton (Gossypiumhirsutum) (Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium herbaceum, Gossypiumvitifolium), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Hevea brasiliensis, Barley (Hordeumvulgare), Hops (Humulus lupulus), Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Walnut (Juglans regia), Lentil (Lens culinaris), Flax (Linum usitatissimum), Tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum), Apple (Malus spec.), cassava (Manihot esculenta), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), banana (Musa spec.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) (N. rustica), olive (Olea europaea), rice (Oryza sativa), golden bean (Phaseolus lunatus), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), European spruce (Picea abies), pine (Pinus spec.), pistachio (Pistacia vera), Pisum sativum, European sweet cherry (Prunus avium), Prunus persica, pear (Pyrus communis), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), European sour cherry (Prunus cerasus), almond (Prunus dulcis) and European plum (Prunus domestica), Ribes sylvestre, castor (Ricinus communis), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), rye (Secale cereale), white mustard (Sinapis alba), potato (Solanumtuberosum), Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum vulgare), cocoa (Theobromacacao), red clover (Trifolium pratense), common wheat (Triticum aestivum), triticale (Triticale), durum wheat (Triticum durum), bean (Vicia faba), grape (Vitis vinifera), and maize (Zea mays).

[0227] Preferred crops are groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris spec. altissima), rapeseed (Brassica napus var. napus), kale (Brassica oleracea), lemon (Citrus limon), sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), Coffea arabica (Coffea canephora, Coffea liberica), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), soybean (Glycine max), upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) (Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium herbaceum, Gossypium vitifolium), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), barley (Hordeum vulgare), walnut (Juglans regia), lentil (Lens culinaris), flax (Linum usitatissimum), tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum), apple (Malus spec.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) (N. rustica), olive (Olea europaea), rice (Oryza sativa), golden bean (Phaseolus lunatus), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), pistachio (Pistacia vera), Pisum sativum, almond (Prunus dulcis), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), rye (Secale cereale), potato (Solanum tuberosum), bicolor sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) (S. vulgare), triticale (Triticale), common wheat (Triticum aestivum), durum wheat (Triticum durum), bean (Vicia faba), grape (Vitis vinifera) and maize (Zea mays).

[0228] Particularly preferred crops are cereals, corn, soybeans, rice, oilseed rape, cotton, potatoes, peanuts or perennial crops.

[0229] The mixtures or compositions according to the invention can also be used in crops which have been modified by mutagenesis or genetic engineering to provide the plants with new traits or to modify already existing traits.

[0230] The term "crops" as used herein also includes plants which have been modified by mutagenesis or genetic engineering to provide the plants with new traits or to modify already existing traits (crop plants).

[0231] Mutagenesis includes random mutagenesis techniques using X-rays or mutagenic chemicals, but also targeted mutagenesis techniques to generate mutations at specific locations in the plant genome. Targeted mutagenesis techniques typically use oligonucleotides or proteins such as CRISPR / Cas, zinc finger nucleases, TALENs or meganucleases to achieve targeted effects.

[0232] Genetic engineering usually uses recombinant DNA technology that is not easy to obtain by hybridization, mutagenesis or natural recombination under natural conditions to produce modifications in the plant genome. Usually one or more genes are integrated into the genome of the plant to add traits or improve traits. These integrated genes are also referred to as transgenics in the art, and plants comprising such transgenics are called transgenic plants. The plant conversion method usually produces several conversion events, which are different in the genomic position where the transgenic has been integrated. Plants comprising specific transgenics on a specific genomic position are usually described as comprising specific "events", which are mentioned by specific event names. The traits introduced into plants or modified include herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, increased yield and to abiotic conditions, such as tolerance to drought.

[0233] Increased yield is produced by increasing ear biomass using the transgene athb17, for example, present in maize event MON87403, or increasing photosynthesis using the transgene bbx32, for example, present in soybean event MON87712.

[0234] Crops containing modified oil content have been produced by using the transgenes: gm-fad2-1, Pj.D6D, Nc.Fad3, fad2-1A and fatb1-A. Soybean events containing at least one of these genes are: 260-05, MON87705 and MON87769.

[0235] Tolerance to abiotic conditions, especially drought tolerance, was enhanced by using the transgene cspB contained in maize event MON87460 and by using the transgene cspB contained in soybean event MON87460. The included transgenic Hahb-4 was produced.

[0236] Traits are usually combined by combining genes in a conversion event or by combining different events during the breeding process. Preferred combinations of traits are combinations of herbicide tolerance to different classes of herbicides, combinations of insect tolerance to different species of insects, especially combinations of tolerance to Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, combinations of herbicide tolerance with one or several types of insect resistance, combinations of herbicide tolerance with increased yield and combinations of herbicide tolerance and tolerance to abiotic conditions.

[0237] Plants comprising separate or stacked traits and genes and events providing these traits are well known in the art. For example, detailed information about induced mutations or integrated genes and corresponding events can be obtained by the website of the organization "International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA)" (http: / / www.isaaa.org / gmapprovaldatabase) and "Center for Environmental Risk Assessment (CERA)" (http: / / cera-gmc.org / GMCropDatabase) and patent applications such as EP 3028573 and WO2017 / 011288.

[0238] Use of the compositions of the invention on crops may result in effects specific to crops containing certain genes or events. These effects may involve changes in growth behavior or changes in tolerance to biotic or abiotic stress factors. Such effects may include, among other things, increased yield, increased resistance or tolerance to insect, nematode, fungus, bacteria, mycoplasma, viral or viroid pathogens, and early vigor, early or delayed maturity, cold or heat tolerance, and changes in amino acid or fatty acid profiles or content.

[0239] In a likewise preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for improving nitrification inhibition, wherein seeds, plants or soil are treated with an NI effective amount of a composition according to the present invention.

[0240] The term "NI effective amount" means an amount of the composition of the invention sufficient to achieve a nitrification inhibition effect as defined below. Further exemplary information on the amounts to be used, the modes of application and suitable ratios is given below. In any case, the skilled person is fully aware of the fact that the amount can vary within a wide range and depends on various factors, such as climate, target species, location, mode of application, soil type, cultivated plants or materials to be treated and climatic conditions.

[0241] According to the present invention, the nitrification inhibition effect is increased by at least 2%, more preferably at least 4%, most preferably at least 7%, particularly preferably at least 10%, more particularly preferably at least 15%, most particularly preferably at least 20%, particularly more preferably at least 25%, particularly most preferably at least 30%, especially at least 35%, especially more preferably at least 40%, especially most preferably at least 45%, especially at least 50%, particularly preferably at least 55%, particularly more preferably at least 60%, particularly most preferably at least 65%, particularly at least 70%, for example at least 75%. The increase in the nitrification inhibition effect can be, for example, 5-10%, more preferably 10-20%, most preferably 20-30%. The nitrification inhibition effect can be measured according to Example 2 shown below:

[0242] The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples. Example:

[0243] Example 1

[0244] The aqueous composition according to the invention was prepared according to the following procedure.

[0245] A mixture of 25% aqueous ammonia (2-4 equivalents) and water (if necessary for lower amounts of DMPSA) was stirred at room temperature. Solid DMPSA (1-3 g, purity 98.9%, 3,4-isomer: 4,5-isomer = 77:23) was added in portions to reach the specified amount, and the pH was measured after the solution was formed.

[0246] It was tested whether a solution could be obtained. The results are provided in Table 1 below.

[0247] Table 1

[0248]

[0249]

[0250] *Total amount of DMPSA and / or its derivatives, calculated as % by weight of DMPSA based on the total weight of the composition Example 2:

[0251] The DMPSA active ingredient analysis (hereinafter referred to as “AI analysis DIN EN 17090”) was carried out according to the method of DIN EN 17090 (“Fertilizers–Determination of nitrification inhibitor DMPSA in fertilizers–Method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); German and English version prEN 17090:2017”).

[0252] The nitrification inhibiting effect of the aqueous composition according to the invention has been determined as follows:

[0253] 100 g of soil was filled into a 500 ml plastic bottle (e.g. soil sampled from the field) and moistened to about 50% water holding capacity. 10 mg of nitrogen in the form of ammonium sulfate-N was added to the soil. Prior to soil mixing, ai was added to reach a final concentration of 0.1 or 1% ai of applied ammonium-N. The bottles were capped but loose to allow air exchange. The bottles were then incubated at 20°C for up to 14 days.

[0254] For analysis, 300 ml of 1% K2SO4 solution was added to the bottle containing the soil and shaken at 150 rpm for 2 hours in a horizontal shaker. The entire solution was then filtered through a Macherey-Nagel filter MN 8071 / 4. The filtrate was then analyzed for ammonium and nitrate content at 550 nm in an automatic analyzer (Merck, AA11).

[0255] Several samples were subjected to ai analysis DIN EN 17090 according to the method described above and the results are provided in Table 2 below (ai analysis). The nitrification inhibition effect was measured according to the method described above and the results are provided in Table 3 below (nitrification inhibition effect). The active ingredient is referred to as "ai". 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate is referred to as "DMPP".

[0256] Calculation basis The equation proceeds:

[0257]

[0258] The equation is described in H. et al (1973) "Mittel zur Hemmungbzw.Regelung der Nitrifikation von Ammoniumstickstoff in DDR-Wirtschaftspatent (Economic Patent of the German Democratic Republic) C 05c 169 727. Cited in Peschke, H. (1985) "Zur Bewertung der inhibiterenden Wirkung von Nitrifiziden im Boden", Zbl. Mikrobiol. 140, pp. 583-588.

[0259] Table 2

[0260]

[0261] Table 3

[0262]

[0263]

[0264] * = Number refers to the number of the aqueous composition as specified in Table 1 (further ai analysis in Table 2).

[0265] ** = Based on Equation (see above).

[0266] The results in Table 3 show that the aqueous composition according to the present invention also has a good nitrification inhibition effect.

Claims

1. An aqueous solution comprising 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid and ammonia, wherein the molar ratio of ammonia to 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is from 1:1 to 10:1 and wherein the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is present in the solution in an amount corresponding to 10 to 70% by weight of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, based on the total weight of the solution, wherein the 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is at least partially present in the form of hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt, and wherein the ammonia is at least partially present in the form of ammonium cations.

2. The aqueous solution according to claim 1, wherein 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, its hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is present in the form of: - in the form of 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salts; - in the form of 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt; or - in the form of an isomeric mixture comprising (i) 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt; and (ii) 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt.

3. The aqueous solution according to claim 1, wherein the solution is obtained by using ammonia in such an amount that the molar ratio of ammonia to 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is 2:1 to 6:

1.

4. The aqueous solution according to claim 2, wherein the solution is obtained by using ammonia in such an amount that the molar ratio of ammonia to 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is 2:1 to 6:

1.

5. The aqueous solution according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is present in the solution in an amount corresponding to 20 to 60% by weight of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, based on the total weight of the solution.

6. The aqueous solution according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pH of the solution is 7 or less.

7. The aqueous solution according to claim 5, wherein the pH of the solution is 7 or less.

8. The aqueous solution according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pH value of the solution is 4 to 6.

9.

9. The aqueous solution according to claim 5, wherein the pH value of the solution is 4-6.

9.

10. The aqueous solution according to claim 6, wherein the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is present in the solution in an amount corresponding to 10 to 40% by weight of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid based on the total weight of the solution.

11. The aqueous solution according to claim 8, wherein the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is present in the solution in an amount corresponding to 10 to 40% by weight of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid based on the total weight of the solution.

12. The aqueous solution according to claim 6, wherein the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is present in the solution in an amount corresponding to 20-35% by weight of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid based on the total weight of the solution.

13. The aqueous solution according to claim 8, wherein the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is present in the solution in an amount corresponding to 20-35% by weight of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid based on the total weight of the solution.

14. The aqueous solution according to claim 6, wherein the solution is obtained by using ammonia in such an amount that the molar ratio of ammonia to 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is 1:1 to 2.5:

1.

15. The aqueous solution according to any one of claims 7 and 9 to 13, wherein the solution is obtained by using ammonia in such an amount that the molar ratio of ammonia to 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is 1:1 to 2.5:

1.

16. The aqueous solution according to claim 6, wherein the solution is obtained by using ammonia in such an amount that the molar ratio of ammonia to 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is 1.8:1 to 2.5:

1.

17. The aqueous solution according to any one of claims 7 and 9 to 13, wherein the solution is obtained by using ammonia in such an amount that the molar ratio of ammonia to 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is 1.8:1 to 2.5:

1.

18. An aqueous solution according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pH of the solution is greater than 7.

19. The aqueous solution according to claim 5, wherein the pH of the solution is greater than 7.

20. The aqueous solution according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pH of the solution is 8 to 12.

21. The aqueous solution according to claim 5, wherein the pH of the solution is 8-12.

22. The aqueous solution according to claim 18, wherein the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is present in the solution in an amount corresponding to greater than 40 to 70% by weight of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid based on the total weight of the solution.

23. The aqueous solution according to claim 20, wherein the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is present in the solution in an amount corresponding to greater than 40 to 70% by weight of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid based on the total weight of the solution.

24. The aqueous solution according to claim 18, wherein the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is present in the solution in an amount corresponding to greater than 40 to 60% by weight of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid based on the total weight of the solution.

25. The aqueous solution according to claim 20, wherein the total amount of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid, hydrogen succinate and / or succinate salt is present in the solution in an amount corresponding to greater than 40 to 60% by weight of 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid based on the total weight of the solution.

26. The aqueous solution according to claim 18, wherein the solution is obtained by using ammonia in such an amount that the molar ratio of ammonia to 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is 2:1 to 10:

1.

27. The aqueous solution according to any one of claims 19 and 21 to 25, wherein the solution is obtained by using ammonia in such an amount that the molar ratio of ammonia to 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is from 2:1 to 10:

1.

28. The aqueous solution according to claim 18, wherein the solution is obtained by using ammonia in such an amount that the molar ratio of ammonia to 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is 2:1 to 5:

1.

29. The aqueous solution according to any one of claims 19 and 21 to 25, wherein the solution is obtained by using ammonia in such an amount that the molar ratio of ammonia to 2-(dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)succinic acid is 2:1 to 5:

1.

30. Use of the aqueous solution according to any of claims 1 to 29 as a nitrification inhibitor in combination with ammonium- and / or urea-containing fertilizers.

31. The use according to claim 30, wherein the ammonium- and / or urea-containing fertilizer is selected from the group consisting of ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate nitrate, ammonium thiosulfate, NPK fertilizers, NK fertilizers, NP fertilizers, UAN, manure and urea.

32. The use according to claim 30, wherein the ammonium- and / or urea-containing fertilizer is selected from diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium sulfate nitrate.

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