The structure of fish habitat on river bank and its construction method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of habitat restoration technology, and in particular to a riverside beach fish habitat structure, including a repaired sand mining pit formed by repairing a sand mining pit in an abandoned sand mining site, a permeable weir arranged on the upstream side of the repaired sand mining pit, a bottom quality improvement zone formed by improving the bottom quality of the sand mining area in the abandoned sand mining site, a bottom quality preservation levee arranged on the upstream side of the bottom quality improvement zone and on the side close to the center of the river, and a sand-carrying submerged levee arranged on the side of the riverside beach close to the center of the river. It also relates to a method for constructing a riverside beach fish habitat structure, including repairing a sand mining pit in an abandoned sand mining site to form a repaired sand mining pit and arranging a permeable weir on the upstream side thereof, improving the bottom quality of the sand mining area in the abandoned sand mining site to form a bottom quality improvement zone and arranging a bottom quality preservation levee on the upstream side and on the side close to the center of the river, and a sand-carrying submerged levee arranged on the side of the riverside beach close to the center of the river. The abandoned sand mining site can be repaired to provide a habitat for fish.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of habitat restoration, and in particular to a river bank fish habitat structure and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Mountain rivers flow rapidly due to the topography on both sides. At the same time, there are some shallows and deep pools with slow water flow and more gravel on the beaches on both sides of the canyon. This alternating flow condition can meet the habitat needs of different fish. For fish, river beaches with suitable water temperature, bottom quality and flow rate are the most suitable breeding habitats. However, with the development of hydropower, especially the construction of river cascade power stations, the hydrological situation of rivers has changed significantly. Some river beaches with alternating flow conditions have gradually disappeared, resulting in the fragmentation and fragmentation of fish habitats. In addition, as an important infrastructure resource, the demand for sand and gravel resources is also increasing. As the main storage area of ​​sand and gravel, river beaches have the advantages of easy mining and convenient transportation. Therefore, more and more of them are developed and utilized as sand and gravel mining sites. However, after mining, these beaches are abandoned, the abandoned materials are randomly piled up, and the river flow of the beaches is seriously damaged. At present, there are no suitable restoration measures except for site leveling measures. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a river beach fish habitat structure and a method for constructing a river beach fish habitat structure, which can provide a suitable habitat for fish while repairing abandoned sand mining sites on the river beach, so as to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A river beach fish habitat structure is located at an abandoned sand mining site on the river beach. The river beach fish habitat structure includes a repaired sand mining pit formed by repairing the sand mining pit on the abandoned sand mining site, a permeable weir located on the upstream side of the repaired sand mining pit, a bottom quality improvement area formed by improving the bottom quality of the sand mining area on the abandoned sand mining site, a bottom quality preservation dike located on the upstream side of the bottom quality improvement area and on the side close to the center of the river, and a sand-picking submerged dike located on the side of the river beach close to the center of the river.

[0006] Preferably, the permeable weir is in an arc shape protruding toward the upstream.

[0007] Preferably, a gap is provided on the top of the permeable weir for water to flow through.

[0008] Preferably, gravel piles are provided at both ends of the bottom quality embankment.

[0009] Preferably, the sand-carrying submerged dike is provided with multiple sections, which are arranged sequentially along the river bank near the river center, and the adjacent ends of two adjacent sand-carrying submerged dikes are staggered to form an opening facing downstream.

[0010] Preferably, gravel piles are provided at both ends of the sand-lifting submerged dike.

[0011] A method for constructing a fish habitat structure on a river bank comprises: repairing a sand mining pit at an abandoned sand mining site on a river bank to form a repaired sand mining pit and setting a permeable weir on the upstream side of the repaired sand mining pit; improving the bottom quality of a sand mining area at the abandoned sand mining site to form a bottom quality improved area and setting a bottom quality retaining dike on the upstream side of the bottom quality improved area and on a side close to the center of the river; and setting a sand-carrying submerged dike on a side of the river bank close to the center of the river.

[0012] Preferably, the slope of the sand mining pit in the abandoned sand mining site is repaired to form a repaired sand mining pit with a slope ratio of 1:1-1:3.

[0013] Preferably, the sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site is supplemented with bottom sediment and additional rocks are added to form a bottom sediment improvement area.

[0014] Preferably, a plurality of sections of sand-carrying submerged dikes are sequentially arranged on one side of the river bank close to the center of the river, and the adjacent ends of two adjacent sand-carrying submerged dikes are staggered to form an opening toward the downstream.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has significant improvements:

[0016] By repairing the sand mining pits and improving the bottom quality of the abandoned sand mining sites on the river beaches, setting up permeable weirs on the upstream side of the repaired sand mining pits, setting up bottom quality protection dikes on the upstream side of the bottom quality improvement area and on the side close to the center of the river, and setting up sand-carrying submerged dikes on the side of the river beaches close to the center of the river, it is possible to restore the habitat of the abandoned sand mining sites on the river beaches, create a suitable fish habitat on the basis of the original abandoned sand mining sites, and reduce the adverse ecological impacts caused by the construction of power stations and dams. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic plan view of the structure of a river bank fish habitat according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic plan view of a permeable weir in a river bank fish habitat structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a permeable weir in a river bank fish habitat structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4It is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a sand-lifting submerged dike in a river beach fish habitat structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] The reference numerals are described as follows:

[0022] 1. Repair sand mining pit 2. Permeable weir

[0023] 21. Gap 22. Gravel weir

[0024] 23. Sand and gravel mixed bottom layer 3. Bottom quality improvement area

[0025] 4. Ensure the bottom quality along the embankment 5. Pick up sand and submerge the embankment

[0026] 51. Opening 6. Ecological gabion

[0027] 7. River 8. Gravel pile DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, “plurality” means two or more.

[0032] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a river beach fish habitat structure, which is arranged at an abandoned sand mining site on a river beach, and is used to restore the abandoned sand mining site on the river beach and create a suitable fish habitat. The abandoned sand mining site on the river beach usually includes a sand mining pit and a sand mining area surrounding the sand mining pit.

[0033] See also Figure 1 The riverside fish habitat structure of this embodiment includes a repaired sand mining pit 1, a permeable weir 2, a bottom quality improvement area 3, a bottom quality protection dike 4 and a sand-carrying submerged dike 5.

[0034] Among them, the repaired sand mining pit 1 is formed by repairing the abandoned sand mining site on the river beach. The repaired sand mining pit 1 can be used to create a deep pool habitat because of its certain depth and volume, which is conducive to the precipitation of organic debris in the water body, provides nutrition for invertebrates, and provides a place for retention and refuge for fish organisms during flood and dry seasons. The repair of the sand mining pit on the abandoned sand mining site is mainly slope trimming. The slope trimming is mainly to repair the steep slope of the sand mining pit on the abandoned sand mining site to reduce its steepness to avoid collapse in the later stage. The slope ratio after repair is based on the principle of meeting the stability requirements, so that the repaired sand mining pit 1 can create a stable deep pool habitat. In this embodiment, preferably, the sand mining pit on the abandoned sand mining site is slope trimmed to form a repaired sand mining pit 1 with a slope ratio of 1:1-1:3.

[0035] The permeable weir 2 is arranged on the upstream side of the restored sand mining pit 1. The permeable weir 2 is used to prevent sand and pebbles from being deposited with water flow and entering the restored sand mining pit 1, that is, to prevent sand and pebbles from being deposited with water flow and entering the deep pool habitat. At the same time, through the combination of the permeable weir 2 and the restored sand mining pit 1, a "shallows-deep pool" habitat can be formed in the sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site. Due to the downward drag and upwelling force of the river flow, a shallows transition zone with rapids and slow currents can be generated around the permeable weir 2, thereby increasing the diversity of water flow, which is helpful to form a feeding channel for fish organisms and a beach water flow state suitable for fish habitat.

[0036] In this embodiment, preferably, before the construction of the permeable weir 2, the upstream area of ​​the repaired sand mining pit 1 should be cleared, that is, the upstream area of ​​the repaired sand mining pit 1 should be dug down to a certain depth to make it flat, and then the permeable weir 2 should be constructed and installed in this area, thereby reducing the construction difficulty of the permeable weir 2 and increasing the structural stability of the permeable weir 2 after the construction is completed, thereby increasing its resistance to water flow impact. Preferably, the depth of clearing the upstream area of ​​the repaired sand mining pit 1 before the construction of the permeable weir 2 is 20cm-50cm. Preferably, after the construction is completed, the top elevation of the permeable weir 2 is basically flush with the normal water level of the fish spawning season (usually March-May) in the flat water year of the beach river section where the abandoned sand mining site is located.

[0037] In this embodiment, preferably, the permeable weir 2 is in an arc shape protruding upstream, so that the permeable weir 2 can better match the upstream side of the repaired sand mining pit 1, thereby better preventing sand and pebbles from being deposited with the upstream water flow and entering the repaired sand mining pit 1. At the same time, the permeable weir 2 is in an arc shape protruding upstream, which is conducive to the upstream water flowing through the permeable weir 2, and will not cause too much blocking effect on the upstream water.

[0038] In this embodiment, preferably, see Figure 2 The top of the permeable weir 2 is provided with a notch 21 for water flow to pass through, and the notch 21 is provided to facilitate the water flow to pass through the permeable weir 2 better. There can be multiple notches 21, and the multiple notches 21 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the top of the permeable weir 2.

[0039] In this embodiment, preferably, the permeable weir 2 includes a plurality of ecological gabions 6 stacked in combination. The ecological gabions 6 have good anti-impact ability and can improve the ecological environment of the water area. The assembly and construction are also very convenient. The permeable weir 2 can be entirely composed of ecological gabions 6. That is, after the upstream area of ​​the sand pit 1 is cleaned, the ecological gabions 6 are directly stacked in the area according to the set combination arrangement to form the permeable weir 2. The use effect of this permeable weir 2 is the best, but the cost is relatively high. To reduce costs, see Figure 3 The permeable weir 2 may also include a gravel weir body 22, a gravel mixed bottom layer 23 laid on the gravel weir body 22, and a plurality of ecological gabions 6 stacked and arranged in combination on the gravel weir body 22 and the gravel mixed bottom layer 23. That is, after the upstream area of ​​the repaired sand mining pit 1 is cleared, a gravel weir body 22 may be first set up in the area, and then the gravel mixed bottom layer 23 may be laid in the middle of the upper surface of the gravel weir body 22. The gravel mixed bottom layer 23 may also be laid on the periphery of the gravel weir body 22, and then the ecological gabions 6 may be stacked in a set combination arrangement on the remaining upper surface of the gravel weir body 22 and the upper surface of the gravel mixed bottom layer 23 to form a permeable weir 2. This permeable weir 2 can reduce the number of ecological gabions 6 used and reduce costs. In this embodiment, the form of the ecological gabion 6 used in the permeable weir 2 is not limited, and an existing ecological gabion structure, such as a gabion box structure, can be used. The filler of the gabion box can directly utilize the gravel in the abandoned sand mining site.

[0040] The bottom quality improvement area 3 is formed by improving the bottom quality of the sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site. Preferably, the bottom quality of the sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site can be supplemented and wild stones can be added to form the bottom quality improvement area 3. In actual construction, the bottom quality particle size composition of the sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site can be investigated and analyzed first, and then targeted bottom quality improvement measures can be carried out, such as appropriately supplementing gravel and pebbles to the sand mining area, and appropriately supplementing sand and gravel to the gravel mining area. The specific supplement ratio can be determined according to the needs of the target fish to ensure that the bottom quality gradation structure of the improved bottom quality improvement area 3 meets certain gradation ratio requirements to meet the suitable habitat needs of the target fish. In addition, a small amount of wild stones can be scattered in the sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site, so that the formed bottom quality improvement area 3 has a small amount of added wild stones, which can increase the complexity of the habitat created by the bottom quality improvement area 3. The rock can be a single large-size gravel or a group of gravels; the size of the flow area affected by the rock should be controlled within 20%-30% of the bottom improvement area 3; the spacing between the rock arrangements should be between 3m-3.5m; the rock should be able to withstand 2m 3 / s flow velocity impact, the weight of a single stone is not less than 65kg. Preferably, before improving the bottom quality of the sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site, the beach surface of the sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site is leveled, and the entire beach surface elevation is based on the basic principle of maintaining the current ups and downs, the bottom is backfilled on the existing beach surface elevation, and the longitudinal slope of the gentle beach surface is controlled to be gentler than 2%.

[0041] The bottom quality-maintaining levee 4 is arranged on the upstream side of the bottom quality improvement area 3 and on the side of the bottom quality improvement area 3 close to the center of the river 7, that is, the bottom quality-maintaining levee 4 is arranged along the outer periphery of the bottom quality improvement area 3 along the flow direction of the river 7. The bottom quality-maintaining levee 4 is used to increase the sand scouring resistance of the bottom quality of the bottom quality improvement area 3, and can play the role of fixing the bottom quality of the bottom quality improvement area 3, preventing siltation, rebuilding the beach, and inducing a smooth transition of the water flow.

[0042] In this embodiment, preferably, before the construction of the bottom quality levee 4, the upstream area of ​​the bottom quality improvement zone 3 and the area on the side of the bottom quality improvement zone 3 close to the center of the river 7 should be cleared, that is, the upstream area of ​​the bottom quality improvement zone 3 and the area on the side of the bottom quality improvement zone 3 close to the center of the river 7 should be dug down to a certain depth to make it level, and then the bottom quality levee 4 should be constructed and installed in this area, thereby reducing the construction difficulty of the bottom quality levee 4 and increasing the structural stability of the bottom quality levee 4 after the construction is completed, thereby increasing its resistance to water flow impact. Preferably, before the construction of the bottom quality levee 4, the depth of clearing the upstream area of ​​the bottom quality improvement zone 3 and the area on the side of the bottom quality improvement zone 3 close to the center of the river 7 is 20cm-50cm.

[0043] In this embodiment, preferably, see Figure 1, the bottom quality is ensured to extend continuously along the upstream side of the bottom quality improvement area 3 and the side of the bottom quality improvement area 3 close to the center of the river 7, so as to ensure the effective fixation of the bottom quality of the bottom quality improvement area 3 as a whole, thereby ensuring the overall anti-sand erosion ability of the bottom quality of the bottom quality improvement area 3.

[0044] In this embodiment, in order to increase the ability of the bottom-protected quality dike 4 to resist water flow impact, preferably, gravel piles 8 are provided at both ends of the bottom-protected quality dike 4. The gravel piles 8 can protect the two ends of the bottom-protected quality dike 4, increase the anti-impact performance of the two ends of the bottom-protected quality dike 4, and thus increase the overall ability of the bottom-protected quality dike 4 to resist water flow impact.

[0045] In this embodiment, preferably, the bottom quality levee 4 includes a plurality of ecological gabions 6 stacked in combination, that is, the bottom quality levee 4 can also be constructed by stacking ecological gabions 6. The ecological gabions 6 have good anti-scouring ability, and can play a role in improving the ecological environment of the water area, and the assembly and construction are also very convenient. The bottom quality levee 4 can be constructed by stacking ecological gabions 6 as a whole, that is, after the upstream area of ​​the bottom quality improvement area 3 and the area on one side of the bottom quality improvement area 3 close to the center of the river 7 are cleared, the ecological gabions 6 are directly stacked in the area according to the set combination arrangement method to form the bottom quality levee 4, and the use effect of this bottom quality levee 4 is the best. In this embodiment, the form of the ecological gabions 6 used in the bottom quality levee 4 is not limited, and the existing ecological gabion structure can be used, such as the gabion box structure, and the filler of the gabion box can directly use the gravel in the abandoned sand mining site.

[0046] The sand-carrying submerged dike 5 is arranged on the side of the river bank near the center of the river 7, that is, the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 is arranged along the outer periphery of the river bank along the flow direction of the river 7, and the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 is arranged opposite to the side of the bottom quality improvement area 3 near the center of the river 7. The sand-carrying submerged dike 5 is used to reduce the speed of siltation of the concave bank, and at the same time, it can prevent a certain amount of sand and pebbles from entering the river bank area with the water flow.

[0047] In this embodiment, preferably, before the construction of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5, the area on one side of the river beach near the center of the river 7 should be cleared, that is, the area on one side of the river beach near the center of the river 7 should be dug down to a certain depth to make it flat, and then the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 should be constructed and installed in this area, thereby reducing the construction difficulty of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 and increasing the structural stability of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 after the construction is completed, thereby increasing its resistance to water flow impact. Preferably, before the construction of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5, the depth of clearing the area on one side of the river beach near the center of the river 7 is 20cm-50cm. Preferably, after the construction is completed, the height of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 is 1.0m-1.5m, and the height of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 is not higher than the normal water level of the river section of the abandoned sand mining site.

[0048] In this embodiment, preferably, see Figure 1 The sand-carrying submerged dike 5 is provided with multiple sections, and the multiple sections of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 are arranged sequentially along the river beach near the side of the center of the river 7, and the adjacent ends of two adjacent sand-carrying submerged dikes 5 are staggered to form an opening 51 facing downstream, which can allow water to flow into the river beach area and block a certain amount of sand and pebbles from entering the river beach area with the water flow.

[0049] In this embodiment, in order to increase the ability of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 to resist water flow impact, preferably, gravel piles 8 are also provided at both ends of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5. The gravel piles 8 can protect the two ends of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5, increase the anti-impact performance of the two ends of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5, and thus increase the overall ability of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 to resist water flow impact.

[0050] In this embodiment, preferably, the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 includes a plurality of ecological gabions 6 that are stacked and arranged in combination, that is, the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 can also be constructed by stacking ecological gabions 6. Ecological gabions 6 have good anti-scouring ability, and can play a role in improving the ecological environment of the water area. The assembly and construction are also very convenient. The sand-carrying submerged dike 5 can be entirely constructed by stacking ecological gabions 6, that is, after clearing the area on one side of the river beach close to the center of the river 7, ecological gabions 6 are directly stacked in the area according to a set combination arrangement to form the sand-carrying submerged dike 5. The use effect of this type of sand-carrying submerged dike 5 is the best. See Figure 4 The multiple ecological gabions 6 of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 can be arranged in a "pin" shape. In this embodiment, the form of the ecological gabions 6 used in the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 is not limited, and an existing ecological gabion structure, such as a gabion box structure, can be used. The filling material of the gabion box can directly use the gravel in the abandoned sand mining site.

[0051] In summary, the riverside fish habitat structure of this embodiment can achieve habitat restoration of abandoned sand mining sites on the riverside beaches, create a suitable fish habitat on the basis of the original abandoned sand mining sites, and reduce the adverse ecological impacts caused by the construction of power stations and dams.

[0052] The present invention also provides a method for constructing a riverside fish habitat structure. The method for constructing a riverside fish habitat structure of the present embodiment can be used to construct the riverside fish habitat structure of the present embodiment. Figures 1 to 4 The method for constructing the river bank fish habitat structure of this embodiment includes the following measures.

[0053] Measure 1: Repair the abandoned sand mining pits on the river beach to form a repaired sand mining pit 1. The repaired sand mining pit 1 creates a deep pool habitat to facilitate the precipitation of organic debris in the water body, provide nutrition for invertebrates, and provide a place for fish organisms to stay and take refuge during flood and dry seasons. The repair of the sand mining pits on the abandoned sand mining site is mainly slope trimming. Slope trimming mainly repairs the steep slopes of the sand mining pits on the abandoned sand mining site to reduce their steepness to avoid collapse in the later stage. The slope ratio after repair is based on the principle of meeting the stability requirements, so that the repaired sand mining pit 1 can create a stable deep pool habitat. In this embodiment, preferably, the slope of the sand mining pit on the abandoned sand mining site is trimmed to form a repaired sand mining pit 1 with a slope ratio of 1:1-1:3.

[0054] Measure 2: A permeable weir 2 is set on the upstream side of the restored sand mining pit 1. The permeable weir 2 prevents sand and gravel from being deposited with water flow and entering the restored sand mining pit 1, that is, prevents sand and gravel from being deposited with water flow and entering the deep pool habitat. At the same time, a "shallows-deep pool" habitat is formed in the sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site through the combination of the permeable weir 2 and the restored sand mining pit 1. Due to the downward drag and upwelling force of the river flow, a shoal transition zone of rapids and slow currents can be generated around the permeable weir 2, thereby increasing the diversity of water flow, which is conducive to forming a feeding channel for fish organisms and a shoal water flow state suitable for fish habitats.

[0055] In this embodiment, preferably, before the construction of the permeable weir 2, the upstream area of ​​the repaired sand mining pit 1 is first cleared, that is, the upstream area of ​​the repaired sand mining pit 1 is dug down to a certain depth to make it flat, and then the permeable weir 2 is constructed and installed in this area, thereby reducing the construction difficulty of the permeable weir 2 and increasing the structural stability of the permeable weir 2 after the construction is completed, thereby increasing its resistance to water flow impact. Preferably, the depth of clearing the upstream area of ​​the repaired sand mining pit 1 before the construction of the permeable weir 2 is 20cm-50cm. Preferably, after the construction is completed, the top elevation of the permeable weir 2 is basically the same as the normal water level of the fish spawning season (usually March-May) in the flat water year of the beach river section where the abandoned sand mining site is located.

[0056] In this embodiment, preferably, the permeable weir 2 is arranged to be an arc-shaped protruding toward the upstream, so that the permeable weir 2 can better match the upstream side of the repaired sand mining pit 1, thereby better preventing sand and pebbles from being deposited with the upstream water flow and entering the repaired sand mining pit 1. At the same time, the permeable weir 2 is in an arc-shaped protruding toward the upstream, which is conducive to the upstream water flowing through the permeable weir 2, and will not cause too much blocking effect on the upstream water.

[0057] In this embodiment, preferably, see Figure 2 A notch 21 for water flow is provided at the top of the permeable weir 2, and the notch 21 is provided to facilitate water flow to pass through the permeable weir 2 better. A plurality of notches 21 may be provided, and the plurality of notches 21 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the top of the permeable weir 2.

[0058] In this embodiment, preferably, a plurality of ecological gabions 6 are stacked and arranged in combination to form a permeable weir 2. The ecological gabions 6 have good anti-impact ability, can improve the ecological environment of the water area, and are also very convenient to assemble and construct. The permeable weir 2 can be entirely constructed by stacking ecological gabions 6, that is, after clearing the upstream area of ​​the repaired sand mining pit 1, ecological gabions 6 are directly stacked in the area according to a set combination arrangement to form a permeable weir 2. The use effect of this permeable weir 2 is the best, but the cost is relatively high. To reduce costs, see Figure 3 The permeable weir 2 may also include a gravel weir body 22, a gravel mixed bottom layer 23 laid on the gravel weir body 22, and a plurality of ecological gabions 6 stacked and arranged in combination on the gravel weir body 22 and the gravel mixed bottom layer 23. That is, after the upstream area of ​​the repaired sand mining pit 1 is cleared, a gravel weir body 22 may be first set up in the area, and then the gravel mixed bottom layer 23 may be laid in the middle of the upper surface of the gravel weir body 22. The gravel mixed bottom layer 23 may also be laid on the periphery of the gravel weir body 22, and then the ecological gabions 6 may be stacked in a set combination arrangement on the remaining upper surface of the gravel weir body 22 and the upper surface of the gravel mixed bottom layer 23 to form a permeable weir 2. This permeable weir 2 can reduce the number of ecological gabions 6 used and reduce costs. In this embodiment, the form of the ecological gabion 6 used in the permeable weir 2 is not limited, and an existing ecological gabion structure, such as a gabion box structure, can be used. The filler of the gabion box can directly utilize the gravel in the abandoned sand mining site.

[0059] Measure three, improve the bottom of the sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site to form a bottom improvement area 3. Preferably, the sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site is supplemented with bottom and additional stones are placed to form a bottom improvement area 3. During actual construction, the bottom particle size composition of the sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site is first investigated and analyzed, and then targeted bottom improvement measures are carried out, such as appropriately supplementing gravel and pebbles to the sand mining area, and appropriately supplementing sand and gravel to the gravel mining area. The specific supplementation ratio can be determined according to the needs of the target fish to ensure that the bottom grading structure of the improved bottom improvement area 3 meets certain grading ratio requirements to meet the suitable habitat needs of the target fish. In addition, a small amount of stones can be scattered in the sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site, so that the formed bottom improvement area 3 has a small amount of additional stones, which can increase the complexity of the habitat created by the bottom improvement area 3. The rock can be a single large-size gravel or a group of gravels; the size of the flow area affected by the rock should be controlled within 20%-30% of the bottom improvement area 3; the spacing between the rock arrangements should be between 3m-3.5m; the rock should be able to withstand 2m 3 / s flow velocity impact, the weight of a single stone is not less than 65kg. Preferably, before improving the bottom quality of the sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site, the beach surface of the sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site is leveled, and the entire beach surface elevation is based on the basic principle of maintaining the current ups and downs, the bottom is backfilled on the existing beach surface elevation, and the longitudinal slope of the gentle beach surface is controlled to be gentler than 2%.

[0060] Measure 4: Set up a bottom quality retaining dike 4 on the upstream side of the bottom quality improvement area 3 and on the side of the bottom quality improvement area 3 close to the center of the river 7. The bottom quality retaining dike 4 is arranged along the outer periphery of the bottom quality improvement area 3 along the flow direction of the river 7. The bottom quality retaining dike 4 increases the sand scouring resistance of the bottom quality improvement area 3, plays a role in fixing the bottom quality of the bottom quality improvement area 3, preventing siltation, rebuilding the beach, and inducing a smooth transition of the water flow.

[0061] In this embodiment, preferably, before the construction of the bottom quality levee 4, the upstream area of ​​the bottom quality improvement zone 3 and the area on one side of the bottom quality improvement zone 3 close to the center of the river 7 are first cleared, that is, the upstream area of ​​the bottom quality improvement zone 3 and the area on one side of the bottom quality improvement zone 3 close to the center of the river 7 are dug down to a certain depth to make it level, and then the bottom quality levee 4 is constructed and installed in this area, thereby reducing the construction difficulty of the bottom quality levee 4 and increasing the structural stability of the bottom quality levee 4 after the construction is completed, thereby increasing its resistance to water flow impact. Preferably, before the construction of the bottom quality levee 4, the depth of clearing the upstream area of ​​the bottom quality improvement zone 3 and the area on one side of the bottom quality improvement zone 3 close to the center of the river 7 is 20cm-50cm.

[0062] In this embodiment, preferably, see Figure 1 The bottom quality preservation embankment 4 is arranged to extend continuously along the upstream side of the bottom quality improvement area 3 and the side of the bottom quality improvement area 3 close to the center of the river 7, so as to ensure the effective fixation of the bottom quality of the bottom quality improvement area 3 as a whole, thereby ensuring the overall anti-sand erosion ability of the bottom quality of the bottom quality improvement area 3.

[0063] In this embodiment, in order to increase the ability of the bottom-retaining quality dike 4 to resist water flow impact, preferably, gravel piles 8 are set at both ends of the bottom-retaining quality dike 4. The gravel piles 8 can protect the two ends of the bottom-retaining quality dike 4, increase the anti-impact performance of the two ends of the bottom-retaining quality dike 4, and thus increase the overall ability of the bottom-retaining quality dike 4 to resist water flow impact.

[0064] In this embodiment, preferably, a plurality of ecological gabions 6 are stacked and arranged in combination to form a bottom-quality levee 4. The ecological gabions 6 have good anti-scouring ability, and can play a role in improving the ecological environment of the water area, and the assembly and construction are also very convenient. The bottom-quality levee 4 can be entirely constructed by stacking ecological gabions 6, that is, after clearing the upstream area of ​​the bottom improvement zone 3 and the area on one side of the bottom improvement zone 3 close to the center of the river 7, the ecological gabions 6 are directly stacked in the area according to the set combination arrangement to form a bottom-quality levee 4, and the use effect of this bottom-quality levee 4 is the best. In this embodiment, the form of the ecological gabions 6 used in the bottom-quality levee 4 is not limited, and the existing ecological gabion structure can be used, such as a gabion box structure, and the filler of the gabion box can directly use the gravel in the abandoned sand mining site.

[0065] Measure 5: A sand-carrying submerged dike 5 is set up on the side of the river bank near the center of the river 7. The sand-carrying submerged dike 5 is arranged along the outer periphery of the river bank along the flow direction of the river 7, and the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 is arranged opposite to the side of the bottom quality improvement area 3 near the center of the river 7. The sand-carrying submerged dike 5 reduces the speed of siltation on the concave bank and can prevent a certain amount of sand and gravel from entering the river bank area with the water flow.

[0066] In this embodiment, preferably, before the construction of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5, the area on one side of the river beach near the center of the river 7 is first cleared, that is, the area on one side of the river beach near the center of the river 7 is dug down to a certain depth to make it flat, and then the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 is constructed and installed in this area, thereby reducing the construction difficulty of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 and increasing the structural stability of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 after the construction is completed, thereby increasing its resistance to water flow impact. Preferably, before the construction of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5, the depth of clearing the area on one side of the river beach near the center of the river 7 is 20cm-50cm. Preferably, after the construction is completed, the height of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 is 1.0m-1.5m, and the height of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 is not higher than the normal water level of the river section of the abandoned sand mining site.

[0067] In this embodiment, preferably, see Figure 1 A plurality of sections of sand-carrying submerged dikes 5 are sequentially arranged on one side of the river beach near the center of the river 7, and the adjacent ends of two adjacent sand-carrying submerged dikes 5 are staggered to form an opening 51 facing downstream, which allows water to flow into the river beach area and blocks a certain amount of sand and pebbles from entering the river beach area with the water flow.

[0068] In this embodiment, in order to increase the ability of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 to resist water flow impact, preferably, gravel piles 8 are also provided at both ends of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5. The gravel piles 8 can protect the two ends of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5, increase the anti-impact performance of the two ends of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5, and thus increase the overall ability of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 to resist water flow impact.

[0069] In this embodiment, preferably, a plurality of ecological gabions 6 are stacked and arranged in combination to form a sand-carrying submerged dike 5. The ecological gabions 6 have good anti-scouring ability, can improve the ecological environment of the water area, and are also very convenient to assemble and construct. The sand-carrying submerged dike 5 can be entirely constructed by stacking ecological gabions 6, that is, after clearing the area on one side of the river beach near the center of the river 7, ecological gabions 6 are directly stacked in the area according to a set combination arrangement to form a sand-carrying submerged dike 5. This type of sand-carrying submerged dike 5 has the best use effect. Figure 4 The multiple ecological gabions 6 of the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 can be arranged in a "pin" shape. In this embodiment, the form of the ecological gabions 6 used in the sand-carrying submerged dike 5 is not limited, and an existing ecological gabion structure, such as a gabion box structure, can be used. The filling material of the gabion box can directly use the gravel in the abandoned sand mining site.

[0070] When applied, the order of on-site construction of the above-mentioned measures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in the method for constructing a river bank fish habitat structure of this embodiment is not limited. In a preferred embodiment, the current status of the abandoned sand mining site on the river bank can be investigated and analyzed first, and a specific implementation plan can be designed based on the analysis results. Then, the sand mining pit of the abandoned sand mining site on the river bank is repaired to form a repaired sand mining pit 1, and the upstream area of ​​the repaired sand mining pit 1 is cleaned, the upstream area of ​​the bottom improvement area 3 and the area on the side of the bottom improvement area 3 close to the center of the river 7 are cleaned, and the area on the side of the river bank close to the center of the river 7 is cleaned; then the required number of ecological gabions 6 are assembled on site; then the ecological gabions 6 are hoisted and constructed, and the ecological gabions 6 are piled up according to the set combination arrangement, and the permeable weir 2, the bottom quality preservation levee 4 and the sand-carrying submerged levee 5 are constructed; finally, the bottom quality is supplemented and wild stones are added in the sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site, and the bottom quality of the sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site is improved to form a bottom quality improvement area 3. Thus, the construction of the fish habitat structure on the river bank is completed.

[0071] In summary, the method for constructing a river beach fish habitat structure in this embodiment can achieve habitat restoration of abandoned sand mining sites on river beaches, create a suitable fish habitat on the basis of the original abandoned sand mining sites, and reduce the adverse ecological impacts caused by the construction of power stations and dams.

[0072] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A riverside fish habitat structure, characterized in that: Located at an abandoned sand mining site on a river bank, the river bank fish habitat structure comprises a repaired sand mining pit (1) formed by repairing the sand mining pit of the abandoned sand mining site, a permeable weir (2) located on the upstream side of the repaired sand mining pit (1), a bottom quality improvement area (3) formed by improving the bottom quality of the sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site, a bottom quality preservation levee (4) located on the upstream side of the bottom quality improvement area (3) and on the side close to the center of the river, and a sand-lifting submerged levee (5) located on the side of the river bank close to the center of the river; The permeable weir (2) is in an arc shape protruding toward the upstream, and a notch (21) for water flow to pass through is provided at the top of the permeable weir (2). The permeable weir (2) is used to prevent sand and pebbles from being deposited with water flow and entering the repaired sand mining pit (1); The sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site is supplemented with bottom materials and rocks are added to form the bottom material improvement area (3); Gravel piles (8) are provided at both ends of the bottom quality retaining embankment (4), and the bottom quality retaining embankment (4) is used to increase the sand scouring resistance of the bottom of the bottom quality improvement area (3); The sand-carrying submerged dike (5) is provided with a plurality of sections, and the plurality of sections of the sand-carrying submerged dike (5) are sequentially arranged along one side of the river bank close to the center of the river (7), and the adjacent ends of two adjacent sand-carrying submerged dikes (5) are staggered to form an opening (51) facing downstream, and gravel piles (8) are provided at both ends of the sand-carrying submerged dike (5). The sand-carrying submerged dike (5) is used to reduce the speed of siltation of the concave bank and prevent sand and pebbles from entering the river bank area with the water flow.

2. A method for constructing a river bank fish habitat structure, characterized in that: The river beach fish habitat structure as claimed in claim 1 comprises: repairing the sand mining pit of the abandoned sand mining site on the river beach to form a repaired sand mining pit (1) and setting a permeable weir (2) on the upstream side of the repaired sand mining pit (1); improving the bottom quality of the sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site to form a bottom quality improvement area (3) and setting a bottom quality protection dike (4) on the upstream side of the bottom quality improvement area (3) and on the side close to the center of the river; and setting a sand-carrying submerged dike (5) on the side of the river beach close to the center of the river.

3. The method for constructing a river bank fish habitat structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The slope of the sand mining pit in the abandoned sand mining site is repaired to form a repaired sand mining pit (1) with a slope ratio of 1:1-1:

3.

4. The method for constructing a river bank fish habitat structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sand mining area of ​​the abandoned sand mining site is supplemented with bottom materials and additional rocks are placed to form the bottom material improvement area (3).

5. The method for constructing a river bank fish habitat structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of sections of the sand-lifting submerged dikes (5) are sequentially arranged on one side of the river bank close to the center of the river, and the adjacent ends of two adjacent sand-lifting submerged dikes (5) are staggered to form an opening (51) facing downstream.

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