A dust explosion experimental device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a dust explosion experimental device, including a device frame; a dust dispersion device; an explosive sphere, a vacuum device, a dust mixing device and an air intake device installed on the device frame; the air intake device is connected to the dust mixing device, the dust mixing device outlet is connected to the dust dispersion device through a pipeline, the vacuum device is connected to the explosive sphere, and the dust dispersion device can evenly disperse the dust entering the explosive sphere; the dust dispersion device includes a spiral nozzle, a dust nozzle and a flow equalizer connected between the spiral nozzle and the dust nozzle; and the dust nozzle is an inverted cone. The present invention symmetrically intakes dust from both ends of the sphere, so that the dust can quickly and evenly cover the sphere, and the gas can blow away the dust that has been placed in the cone dust mixing tank, and the dust is more evenly distributed through the spiral nozzle and the flow equalizer, ensuring the accuracy of the data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of dust explosion testing, and in particular relates to a dust explosion experimental device. Background Art

[0002] Dust explosion experimental equipment is mainly used in the study of the explosion laws of flammable and explosive dust in mining production, cement production, chemical production, organic matter production (flour processing), metal processing and other enterprises. The risk of dust explosion lurks in the operation process of powder handling and the powder produced in the processing process. Its impact may be catastrophic, causing huge property losses and posing a serious threat to human life. A comprehensive understanding of flammability, ignition sensitivity and explosion intensity is the key to safe dust handling. Laboratory determination is an important part of qualitative and quantitative analysis of related parameters, mainly the determination of parameters such as kst explosion index, Pmax maximum explosion pressure, dust cloud explosiveness test, explosion pressure rise rate test, and minimum explosion limit. Accurate laboratory test data helps to select methods to prevent dust explosions and protective measures to reduce the disasters of dust explosions to a controllable range.

[0003] The main problem with current dust explosion test equipment when conducting dust experiments is that the explosive dust enters the sphere and cannot be quickly and evenly distributed inside the sphere, resulting in uneven pressure distribution of the explosion, which makes the test data inaccurate. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the problems existing in the related technology, the present invention provides a dust explosion experimental device, including a device frame; a dust dispersion device; an explosive sphere, a vacuum device, a dust mixing device and an air intake device installed on the device frame; the air intake device is connected to the dust mixing device, and the dust mixing device outlet is connected to the dust dispersion device through a pipeline; the dust dispersion device is arranged on both sides of the explosive sphere, the vacuum device is connected to the explosive sphere, and the dust dispersion device can evenly disperse the dust entering the explosive sphere.

[0005] Preferably, the dust dispersion device includes a spiral nozzle, a dust nozzle and a flow equalizer connected between the spiral nozzle and the dust nozzle; the spiral nozzle is connected to the pipeline, and the dust nozzle is connected to the inside of the explosive sphere.

[0006] Preferably, the dust nozzle is an inverted cone, and the outer port of the dust nozzle close to the inner side of the explosion sphere is larger and the inner port is smaller.

[0007] Preferably, the air intake device comprises an air pump and a first solenoid valve, the air pump is connected to the dust mixing device through an air intake pipe, and the first solenoid valve is connected to the air intake pipe.

[0008] Preferably, a manual gate valve, a second solenoid valve and a one-way stop valve are sequentially connected to the pipeline from one end close to the dust mixing device to the other end.

[0009] Preferably, the vacuum pump comprises a third solenoid valve and a vacuum pump, the vacuum pump is connected to the inside of the explosive sphere through an exhaust pipe, and the third solenoid valve is connected to the exhaust pipe.

[0010] Preferably, a section of the pipeline close to the dust dispersion device is a U-shaped pipe section, and a dust precipitation box is connected to the horizontal pipe section of the U-shaped pipe section.

[0011] Preferably, it also includes a PC control device, a temperature sensor installed on the explosive sphere, an internal pressure sensor, and an electrode arranged in the explosive sphere; the electrode is electrically connected to a power supply through an electrode lead terminal arranged on the explosive sphere, and the temperature sensor and the internal pressure sensor are both electrically connected to the PC control device;

[0012] When the electrode is energized to cause the dust in the explosive sphere to explode, the temperature sensor transmits the temperature signal of the dust explosion to the PC control device, and the internal pressure sensor transmits the pressure signal of the dust explosion to the PC control device.

[0013] Preferably, a safety valve, a pressure gauge and a vacuum gauge are also installed on the explosive sphere, and a manual drain valve is provided at the drain outlet of the explosive sphere.

[0014] Preferably, the dust mixing device is a cone dust mixing tank.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0016] 1. The present invention overcomes the data error caused by uneven mixing of dust entering the sphere in previous dust explosion experiments. A semicircular surface is used as the dust nozzle, and the dust nozzle adopts a cone, which can evenly disperse the dust entering the sphere.

[0017] 2. The present invention adopts a spiral nozzle to fully disperse the dust, and then fully disperses the dust again through a flow equalizer, so that the dust entering the sphere is fully distributed in the sphere, making the combustion and explosion data more accurate.

[0018] 3. The gas blows away the dust already placed in the cone dust mixing tank, and mixes the dust in the cone dust mixing tank, so that the dust can be mixed more fully in the cone.

[0019] 4. The present invention allows dust to enter symmetrically from both ends of the sphere, so that the dust can quickly and evenly cover the sphere, making the explosion pressure distribution more even and the measured data more accurate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the dust explosion experimental device provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a dust nozzle of a dust explosion test device provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a flow equalizer for a dust explosion experimental device provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is an operation flow chart of the dust explosion experimental device provided by the present invention.

[0024] Description of Reference Numerals

[0025] 1. Second solenoid valve; 2. One-way stop valve; 3. Dust settling box; 4. Device frame; 5. Spiral nozzle; 6. Pressure gauge; 7. Internal pressure sensor; 8. Electrode lead terminal; 9. Safety valve; 10. Vacuum gauge; 11. Temperature sensor; 12. Nozzle seat; 13. Flow equalizer; 14. U-shaped pipe section; 16. Dust nozzle; 17. Electrode; 18. Observation window; 19. Conical dust mixing tank; 20. Manual drain valve; 22. Third solenoid valve; 23. Manual gate valve; 24. First solenoid valve; 25. Air pump; 27. Vacuum pump; 28. Dust pile; 29. ​​Explosive sphere. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0027] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or positional relationships in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0032] The current dust explosion experiment is mainly to determine the minimum explosion limit, the kst explosion index, the Pmax maximum explosion pressure, the dust cloud explosiveness test, the explosion pressure rise rate test and other parameters. In the determination, the dust needs to be quickly and evenly distributed in the test space. However, the current dust explosion experiment relies on only a cone dust inlet device, or directly introduces dust into the explosion sphere, which cannot fully distribute the dust in the explosion space, resulting in uneven distribution of the explosion force of the dust, affecting the accuracy of data measurement. The present invention uses a spiral airflow to drive the dust through a flow equalizer to make the dust flow evenly in the pipeline, and then quickly and evenly distribute it in the interior of the explosion sphere through a dust nozzle. The dust nozzle presents an inverted cone, and the mouth close to the explosion sphere is large, that is, the outer end of the dust nozzle, and the inner port of the dust nozzle is small. When the dust enters the dust nozzle through the flow equalizer, since the dust nozzle is a cone, the dust enters from the small mouth and instantly forms a diffusion angle. Since the internal pressure of the explosion sphere is negative, the dust is instantly evenly distributed in the explosion space, ensuring the accuracy of data measurement.

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention will be specifically explained below in conjunction with specific embodiments:

[0034] like Figure 1-4As shown, a dust explosion experimental device includes a device frame 4; a dust dispersion device; an explosive sphere 29, a vacuum device, a dust mixing device and an air intake device installed on the device frame 4; the air intake device is connected to the dust mixing device, and the dust mixing device outlet is connected to the dust dispersion device through a pipeline, the dust dispersion device is arranged on both sides of the explosive sphere 29, the vacuum device is connected to the explosive sphere 29, and the dust dispersion device can evenly disperse the dust entering the explosive sphere 29.

[0035] Specifically, the dust dispersion device includes a spiral nozzle 5, a dust nozzle 16, and a flow equalizer 13 connected between the spiral nozzle 5 and the dust nozzle 16; the spiral nozzle 5 is connected to the pipeline, and the dust nozzle 16 is connected to the combustion sphere 29; the dust nozzle 16 is fixed to the combustion sphere 29 through the nozzle seat 12;

[0036] Furthermore, the dust nozzle 16 is an inverted cone, and the outer port of the dust nozzle 16 close to the inner side of the explosion sphere 29 is large, and the inner port is small;

[0037] The dust is dispersed by the spiral nozzle 5 to avoid dust aggregation, and then the dust is evenly distributed in the pipeline through the flow equalizer 13 and sprayed out through the dust nozzle 16. The dust nozzle 16 is in the shape of an inverted cone, and the opening close to the combustion sphere 29 is large, that is, the outer port of the dust nozzle 16 is large, and the inner port of the dust nozzle 16 is small. When the dust enters the dust nozzle 16 through the flow equalizer 13, since the dust nozzle is a cone, the dust enters from the small opening and instantly forms a diffusion cloud, so that the dust is instantly evenly distributed in the combustion sphere 29.

[0038] The dust explosion experimental device also includes a PC control device, a temperature sensor 11 installed on the explosive sphere 29, an internal pressure sensor 7, and an electrode 17 arranged in the explosive sphere 29; the electrode 17 is electrically connected to a power supply through an electrode lead terminal 8 arranged on the explosive sphere 29, and the temperature sensor 11 and the internal pressure sensor 7 are both electrically connected to the PC control device; when the electrode 17 is energized to cause the dust in the explosive sphere 29 to explode, the temperature sensor 11 transmits the temperature signal of the dust explosion to the PC control device, and the internal pressure sensor 7 transmits the pressure signal of the dust explosion to the PC control device;

[0039] When the dust is evenly dispersed in the explosive sphere 29, the electrode 17 is energized to ignite the dust, and the PC control device can obtain the explosion pressure through the internal pressure sensor 7 and the explosion temperature through the temperature sensor 11; the PC control device has similar functions to the supporting PC terminal of the traditional dust explosion experimental device, and can perform kst explosion index, Pmax maximum explosion pressure, dust cloud explosiveness test, explosion pressure rise rate test, etc.

[0040] A section of the pipeline close to the dust dispersion device is a U-shaped pipe section 14, and a dust settling box 3 is connected to the horizontal pipe section of the U-shaped pipe section 14; since large particles of dust may enter the coal dust entering the pipeline, the large particles of dust may clog the nozzle, and entering the explosion sphere 29 may also affect the accuracy of the data. Therefore, before the dust enters the spiral nozzle 5 and the explosion sphere 29, the large particles of dust are allowed to fall to the bottom of the box under the action of gravity through the dust settling box 3. In addition, the dust settling box 3 can be disassembled and cleaned regularly.

[0041] A safety valve 9, a pressure gauge 6 and a vacuum gauge 10 are also installed on the explosive sphere 29. A manual drain valve 20 is arranged at the drain port of the explosive sphere 29. The safety valve 9 can ensure that the safety valve is actuated when the explosive sphere 29 is over-pressured, thereby ensuring the safety of the experiment. The pressure gauge 6 can indicate the pressure inside the explosive sphere 29, thereby providing further guarantee for the pressure monitoring inside the explosive sphere 29. The vacuum gauge 10 can display the vacuum degree inside the explosive sphere 29 in real time when the vacuum pumping device is performing the vacuum pumping operation. When the explosion experiment is over, the manual drain valve 20 is opened, and the residues after the explosion can be discharged smoothly under the purge of high-pressure gas.

[0042] The dust mixing device is a cone dust mixing tank 19 ; the cone dust mixing tank 19 can achieve full mixing of dust from top to bottom before the dust enters the explosion sphere 29 .

[0043] The air intake device includes an air pump 25 and a first solenoid valve 24, the air pump 25 is connected to the dust mixing device through an air intake pipe, and the first solenoid valve 24 is connected to the air intake pipe; the pipeline is sequentially connected with a manual gate valve 23, a second solenoid valve 1 and a one-way stop valve 2 from one end close to the dust mixing device to the other end; the vacuum pumping device includes a third solenoid valve 22 and a vacuum pump 27, the vacuum pump 27 is connected to the explosion ball 29 through an air extraction pipe, and the third solenoid valve 22 is connected to the air extraction pipe;

[0044] In order to enable the dust to be quickly and evenly transported into the explosive sphere 29, the pipeline and the dust dispersion device can be set as a group symmetrically distributed along the explosive sphere 29, and accordingly, the valve components on the pipeline are all symmetrically set as a group.

[0045] The second solenoid valve 1, the third solenoid valve 22, the first solenoid valve 24 and the manual gate valve 23 in the above-mentioned pipeline are used to control the opening and closing of the gas circuit; the one-way stop valve 2 is used to reversely cut off the explosion shock wave generated after the dust explosion; the air pump 25 is used to blow away the dust pile 28 placed in the conical dust mixing tank 19, and smoothly send the dust into the explosive sphere 29; the vacuum pump 27 is used to evacuate the enclosed space in the dust explosion experimental system.

[0046] The cone dust mixing tank 19 is also provided with an observation window 18 through which the condition of the cone dust mixing tank 19 can be observed at any time.

[0047] The process of the explosion experiment of the present invention is as follows:

[0048] First, unscrew the cover of the conical dust mixing tank 19, put the prepared explosive dust into the conical dust mixing tank 19 to form a dust pile 28, tighten the cover of the conical dust mixing tank 19, close the manual gate valves 23 on both sides, turn on the vacuum pump 27 and open the second solenoid valve 1 and the third solenoid valve 22 on both sides at the same time, evacuate the explosive sphere 29 and the pipeline, when the vacuum meter 10 shows a value that meets the requirements, close the third solenoid valve 22 and the vacuum pump 27, start the air pump 25, and open the first solenoid valve 24 at the same time, and the gas blows away the dust pile 28 that has been placed in the conical dust mixing tank 19, and the dust is mixed in the conical dust mixing tank 19, open the manual gate valves 23 on both sides, at this time, the second solenoid valve 1 on both sides is in the open state, and the dust enters the spiral nozzle 5, passes through the spiral nozzle 5, and disperses the dust-laden airflow, and passes through the flow equalizer 13 to evenly cover the pipeline section again, and enters the dust nozzle 16 under the action of air pressure, and the powder The dust nozzle 16 is in the shape of an inverted cone, with a larger opening near the explosive sphere 29, that is, the outer port of the dust nozzle 16 is large, and the inner port of the dust nozzle 16 is small. When the dust enters the dust nozzle 16 through the flow equalizer 13, since the dust nozzle 16 is a cone, the dust enters from the small opening and instantly forms a diffusion cloud, and the dust is quickly dispersed. The dust is introduced into the device symmetrically and simultaneously on both sides of the explosive sphere 29, and the dust can be evenly distributed in the sphere in an instant. The second solenoid valve 1 on both sides is closed, and the electrode 17 is energized at this time to ignite the dust. Parameters such as the kst explosion index, the Pmax maximum explosion pressure, the dust cloud explosiveness test, and the explosion pressure rise rate test are input into the PC through corresponding sensors and other data monitoring devices; after the data test is completed, all solenoid valves and the manual drain valve 20 are opened, and the air pump 25 is turned on to purge the residual materials in the explosive sphere 29 to remove the residual materials in the sphere.

[0049] The above embodiments are preferred examples for implementing the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any non-essential additions and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the technical features of the technical solution of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dust explosion test device, characterized in that: It comprises a device frame (4); a dust dispersing device; an explosive sphere (29), a vacuum device, a dust mixing device and an air intake device mounted on the device frame (4); the air intake device is connected to the inside of the dust mixing device, the outlet of the dust mixing device is connected to the dust dispersing device via a pipeline, the dust dispersing device is arranged on both sides of the explosive sphere (29), the vacuum device is connected to the inside of the explosive sphere (29), and the dust dispersing device can evenly disperse the dust entering the explosive sphere (29); The dust dispersion device comprises a spiral nozzle (5), a plurality of dust nozzles (16), and a flow equalizer (13) connected between the spiral nozzle (5) and the plurality of dust nozzles (16); the spiral nozzle (5) is connected to the pipeline, and the dust nozzle (16) is connected to the inside of the explosive sphere (29); The dust nozzle (16) is an inverted cone, and the outer port of the dust nozzle (16) close to the inner side of the explosive sphere (29) is large, while the inner port is small; The air intake device comprises an air pump (25) and a first solenoid valve (24); the air pump (25) is connected to the dust mixing device via an air intake pipe, and the first solenoid valve (24) is connected to the air intake pipe; The pipeline is connected in sequence from one end close to the dust mixing device to the other end with a manual gate valve (23), a second solenoid valve (1) and a one-way stop valve (2); The vacuum pumping device comprises a third electromagnetic valve (22) and a vacuum pump (27); the vacuum pump (27) is connected to the inside of the explosive sphere (29) via an exhaust pipe; and the third electromagnetic valve (22) is connected to the exhaust pipe; A section of the pipeline close to the dust dispersion device is a U-shaped pipe section (14), and a dust precipitation box (3) is connected to the horizontal pipe section of the U-shaped pipe section (14); It also includes a PC control device, a temperature sensor (11) mounted on the flaming sphere (29), an internal pressure sensor (7), and an electrode (17) arranged in the flaming sphere (29); the electrode (17) is electrically connected to a power supply via an electrode lead terminal (8) arranged on the flaming sphere (29), and the temperature sensor (11) and the internal pressure sensor (7) are both electrically connected to the PC control device; When the electrode (17) is energized to cause the dust in the explosive sphere (29) to explode, the temperature sensor (11) transmits a temperature signal of the dust explosion to the PC control device, and the internal pressure sensor (7) transmits a pressure signal of the dust explosion to the PC control device.

2. The dust explosion test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A safety valve (9), a pressure gauge (6) and a vacuum gauge (10) are also installed on the explosive sphere (29), and a manual sewage valve (20) is provided at the sewage outlet of the explosive sphere (29).

3. The dust explosion test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust mixing device is a cone-shaped dust mixing tank (19).

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