Segmented biomass gasification equipment

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of biomass energy technology, and in particular to a segmented biomass gasification device. It comprises: a pyrolyzer, wherein a first heating chamber and a second heating chamber are provided along the direction of material transportation in the pyrolyzer; a gasifier, wherein the gasifier is connected to the discharge port of the pyrolyzer, and a combustion zone is provided in the gasifier, wherein the combustion zone is used to burn the material after pyrolysis in the pyrolyzer, and further reduce it through the carbon layer in the furnace to form fuel gas, wherein the fuel gas is connected to the inlet of at least one of the heating chambers through the gas outlet of the gasifier, the inlet of the first heating chamber is used to be connected to the exhaust port of the power generation device, and the inlet of the second heating chamber is used to be connected to the gas outlet of the gasifier. The device in the present application is capable of burning the material after pyrolysis in the pyrolyzer through the combustion zone, and the gasified gas after combustion enters the second heating chamber to heat the pyrolyzer, which can not only reduce energy consumption but also improve the tar removal effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of biomass energy, and in particular to a segmented biomass gasification device. Background Art

[0002] The main bottleneck restricting the large-scale application of current biomass gasification power generation technology is the tar content of the generated gasification gas. Depending on the gasification method and feedstock, the tar content usually ranges from a few grams to tens of grams per cubic meter of standard gas. The largest components in tar are oxygen-containing compounds such as phenols (phenol and guaiacol), followed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are an order of magnitude smaller. These substances easily condense in the transmission pipeline, leading to a series of problems such as pipeline blockage, valve jamming, metal corrosion, and fan stalling, causing system shutdown. Excessively high tar content is difficult to burn out in internal combustion engines, forming particulate matter such as carbon black, which causes significant damage to gasification gas power generation equipment.

[0003] The traditional biomass gasification system is based on the coal gasification method and is divided into three categories: downdraft, updraft and fluidized bed (mainly bubbling fluidized bed). The tar content produced by each of them can reach 1000mg / Nm 3 、100000mg / Nm 3 and 10000mg / Nm 3 , which is much higher than the current mainstream internal combustion engine unit 50mg / Nm 3 Therefore, traditional gasification systems are equipped with complex gasification gas purification systems to remove tar from the gasification gas. However, traditional systems have high energy consumption and poor tar removal effects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides a segmented biomass gasification device, which can burn the material after pyrolysis in the pyrolyzer through the combustion zone, and the gasified gas after combustion is further reduced through the carbon layer in the furnace and enters the second heating chamber to heat the pyrolyzer. This not only reduces energy consumption, but also improves the tar removal effect.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present application provides a segmented biomass gasification device, comprising:

[0006] A pyrolyzer having a first heating chamber and a second heating chamber provided along the direction of material transport in the pyrolyzer;

[0007] a gasifier, the gasifier being in communication with the discharge port of the pyrolyzer, the gasifier being provided with a combustion zone for burning the material pyrolyzed in the pyrolyzer to form fuel gas, the fuel gas being in communication with the inlet of at least one of the heating chambers through the gas outlet of the gasifier;

[0008] The inlet of the first heating chamber is used to communicate with the smoke exhaust port of the power generation device, and the inlet of the second heating chamber is used to connect with the gas outlet of the gasifier.

[0009] In the segmented biomass gasification equipment of the present application, the heating chamber is arranged along the direction of material conveying in the pyrolyzer to pyrolyze the material in the pyrolyzer, and the pyrolyzed material enters the gasifier. Since a combustion zone is provided at the connection between the gasifier and the pyrolyzer, the combustion zone can burn the material that has entered the gasifier and undergone pyrolysis, and further reform and reduce the carbon layer in the furnace, thereby removing the tar after the pyrolysis of the material; in addition, the pyrolyzed material will produce high-temperature combustion gas after combustion, and the high-temperature combustion gas is connected to the inlet of the second heating chamber. The second heating chamber raises the temperature of the material in the pyrolyzer corresponding to the heating chamber to 400-600°C, so that the material in the pyrolyzer generates volatile matter and semi-coke and enters the gasifier, which is burned by the combustion gas. The reaction takes place in the combustion zone; the inlet of the first heating chamber can be connected to the exhaust port of the power generation device. The flue gas of the power generation device provides a heat source for the first heating chamber. The first heating chamber increases the temperature of the material in the pyrolyzer corresponding to the heating chamber to more than 250°C. In this way, the flue gas generated by the power generation device can be further utilized. Similarly, the fuel gas generated by the gasifier enters the second heating chamber through the inlet of the second heating chamber to further utilize the heat in the fuel gas. In this way, the heat generated by the pyrolysis of the material in the pyrolyzer can be used as a recycled energy source. In this way, there is no need to provide a separate heat source for the first heating chamber and the second heating chamber, and the sensible heat in the fuel gas is effectively utilized, thereby improving the overall thermal efficiency of the system.

[0010] The inlet of the first heating chamber and the inlet of the second heating chamber are both communicated with the gas outlet of the gasifier.

[0011] Preferably, the combustion zone includes an air disk, and the air disk is arranged in the gasifier near the connection portion with the pyrolyzer discharge port.

[0012] Preferably, it further comprises a preheater provided on the path of external gas entering the air tray, the preheater being connected to the gas outlet of the gasifier, and the gas outlet of the preheater being communicated with the inlet of at least one of the heating chambers.

[0013] Preferably, a dust collector is provided on the path between the gas outlet of the preheater and the inlet of at least one of the heating chambers, and the dust collector is used to remove dust from the gas passing through the path.

[0014] Preferably, a quenching tower is further included, which is connected to the outlet of the heating chamber through which the gas passes, so as to reduce the temperature of the gas to room temperature.

[0015] Preferably, the quenching tower includes a main tower body and a demister and a sprayer arranged in the main tower body, the demister is located above the sprayer, the air inlet of the main tower body is located below the sprayer, and the air outlet of the main tower body is located above the demister.

[0016] Preferably, a circulation device is also included, which includes an air cooling tower connected to the liquid outlet of the quenching tower, a liquid storage tank connected to the air cooling tower, and a spray pump for supplying the liquid in the liquid storage tank to the sprayer.

[0017] Preferably, the method further comprises a condenser connected to the gas outlet of the main tower body, wherein the condenser is used to remove moisture from the fuel gas passing through the quenching tower.

[0018] Preferably, the air inlet of the first heating chamber is used to communicate with the exhaust port of the internal combustion engine, and the gas passing through the condenser enters the internal combustion engine to provide fuel for the internal combustion engine.

[0019] Preferably, it also includes a material conveying device, which includes a silo, a bucket elevator that provides materials to the silo, and a discharge pipe. The silo and the discharge pipe are connected through a material conveyor, and the discharge pipe is provided with a gas lock for preventing the gas in the pyrolyzer from flowing to the silo. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a segmented biomass gasification device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Icons: 1-bucket elevator; 2-silo; 3-discharge pipe; 4-pyrolyzer; 5-gasifier; 51-air plate; 6-screw output; 7-dust collector; 8-preheater; 9-blower; 10-quenching tower; 11-air cooling tower; 12-spray pump; 13-condenser; 14-first heating chamber; 15-second heating chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Please refer to Figure 1 , the embodiment of the present application provides a segmented biomass gasification device, comprising:

[0024] The pyrolyzer 4 is provided with a first heating chamber 14 and a second heating chamber 15 along the direction of material transport in the pyrolyzer 4;

[0025] a gasifier 5, the gasifier 5 being in communication with the discharge port of the pyrolyzer 4, the gasifier 5 being provided with a combustion zone for burning the material pyrolyzed in the pyrolyzer 4 to generate fuel gas, the fuel gas being in communication with the inlet of at least one of the heating chambers through the gas outlet of the gasifier 5;

[0026] The inlet of the first heating chamber 14 is used to communicate with the smoke exhaust port of the power generation device, and the inlet of the second heating chamber 15 is used to connect with the gas outlet of the gasification furnace 5.

[0027] In the segmented biomass gasification equipment of the present application, the heating chamber is arranged along the direction of material conveying in the pyrolyzer 4 to pyrolyze the material in the pyrolyzer 4, and the pyrolyzed material enters the gasifier 5. Since a combustion zone is provided at the connection between the gasifier 5 and the pyrolyzer 4, the combustion zone can burn the material that has entered the gasifier 5 and undergone pyrolysis, thereby removing the tar after the pyrolysis of the material; in addition, since the inlet of the first heating chamber 14 is connected to the exhaust port of the power generation device, when the material in the pyrolyzer 4 is pyrolyzed, the flue gas generated by the power generation device provides a heat source for the first heating chamber 14, the first heating chamber 14 increases the temperature of the material in the pyrolyzer 4 corresponding to the heating chamber to more than 250°C, and the inlet of the second heating chamber 15 is connected to the high-temperature fuel gas generated by the combustion of the pyrolyzed material. The heating chamber 15 raises the temperature of the material in the corresponding pyrolyzer 4 to 400-600°C, so that the material in the pyrolyzer 4 generates volatile matter and semi-coke, which enter the gasifier 5 and react in the combustion zone. Because the inlet of the first heating chamber 14 can be connected to the exhaust port of the power generation device, the flue gas generated by the power generation device can be further utilized. Similarly, the gas generated by the gasification furnace 5 enters the second heating chamber 15 through the inlet of the second heating chamber 15, so that the heat in the gas can be further utilized. This method can be used to reuse the heat generated by the pyrolysis of the material in the pyrolyzer 4 as energy. In this way, there is no need to provide separate heat sources for the first and second heating chambers 14, 15, and the sensible heat in the gas is effectively utilized, thereby improving the overall thermal efficiency of the system. It should be noted that the number of heating chambers can be two, three, or four, etc., and the specific needs can be adjusted according to the actual use, as long as the temperature of the material in the pyrolyzer 4 can be gradually increased along the direction of material transportation in the pyrolyzer.

[0028] The temperature of the high-temperature fuel gas is generally around 750°C.

[0029] As an optional embodiment, the combustion zone includes an air tray 51, which is disposed in the gasifier 5 near the connection portion with the pyrolyzer 4 discharge port. The air tray 51 includes a coil and a plurality of nozzles disposed on the coil. The coil is also provided with an air inlet for communicating with external air to allow air or oxygen to enter, thereby forming a combustion zone at the location of the coil. The pyrolyzed material partially reacts in the combustion zone, thereby removing some of the tar.

[0030] It should be noted that a grate, an ash bin and a spiral output device 6 are also provided in the gasification furnace 5, wherein the grate, the ash bin and the spiral output device 6 are sequentially arranged below the air plate 51. The unreacted material passing through the air plate 51 is accumulated on the grate, and after a carbon reduction reaction layer is formed on the grate, the material enters the ash bin from the grate and is discharged by the spiral output device 6 while ensuring the stability of the carbon layer stacking height and the pressure difference.

[0031] As an optional method, a preheater 8 is further included, positioned along the path of external gas entering the air tray 51. The preheater 8 is connected to the gas outlet of the gasifier 5, and the gas outlet of the preheater 8 is in communication with the inlet of at least one of the heating chambers. In this method, the preheater 8 is positioned along the path of air entering the air tray 51, and upon entering the inlet of at least one heating chamber, the gas passes through the preheater 8, thereby heating the air passing through the preheater 8 to a temperature of 350-500°C. This intensifies the reaction in the combustion zone while also reducing the temperature of the gas to 550-650°C.

[0032] It should be noted that a blower 9 is provided on one side of the preheater 8 , and the blower 9 is connected to the preset device for providing external air to the air disk 51 .

[0033] As an optional feature, a dust collector 7 is provided on the path between the gas outlet of the preheater 8 and the inlet of at least one of the heating chambers. The dust collector 7 is used to remove dust from the gas passing through the path. The dust collector 7 is a cyclone dust collector 7 that removes dust from the gas, improving the purity of the gas to form gasified gas.

[0034] It should be noted that, depending on the ash content in the material, the dust collector 7 can be a single-stage cyclone or a double-stage cyclone.

[0035] As an optional manner, a quenching tower 10 is further included, which is connected to the outlet of the heating chamber through which the gas passes, so as to reduce the temperature of the gas to room temperature.

[0036] As an optional embodiment, the quenching tower 10 includes a main tower body and a demister and a sprayer disposed within the main tower body. The demister is located above the sprayer, the air inlet of the main tower body is located below the sprayer, and the air outlet of the main tower body is located above the demister. There are multiple sprayers, which are arranged sequentially along the height of the quenching tower 10. Because the air inlet is located below the sprayer, the vaporized gas moves upward along the height of the quenching tower 10, and the cooling water sprayed by the sprayer moves downward along the height of the quenching tower 10 to cool the vaporized gas. The demister can absorb and condense the steam generated by the sprayer when cooling the vaporized gas.

[0037] As an optional method, a circulation device is further included, which includes an air cooling tower 11 connected to the liquid outlet of the quenching tower 10, a liquid reservoir connected to the air cooling tower 11, and a spray pump 12 for supplying liquid in the liquid reservoir to the sprayer. After the quenching tower 10 cools the vaporized gas, the water sprayed from the sprayer enters the air cooling tower 11, which cools the water entering it. The cooled water enters the liquid reservoir, and the liquid in the liquid reservoir is then input into the sprayer by the spray pump 12, so that the liquid is circulated and utilized.

[0038] As an optional feature, a condenser 13 connected to the gas outlet of the main tower body is further included. The condenser 13 is used to remove moisture from the gas passing through the quenching tower 10. Since the vaporized gas has undergone a cooling process, it contains a high amount of moisture. The vaporized gas enters the condenser 13, which can remove water droplets from the vaporized gas. The cooling source of the condenser 13 can be air cooling or circulating water cooling.

[0039] As an optional configuration, the air inlet of the first heating chamber 14 is connected to the exhaust port of the internal combustion engine, and the gas passing through the condenser 13 enters the internal combustion engine to provide fuel for the internal combustion engine. In this configuration, the fuel for the internal combustion engine is the vaporized gas condensed by the condenser 13, and the flue gas generated by the internal combustion engine serves as the heat source for the first heating chamber 14, thereby maximizing heat utilization.

[0040] As an optional embodiment, a material conveying device is further included, which includes a silo 2, a bucket elevator 1 for supplying material to the silo 2, and a discharge pipe 3. The silo 2 and the discharge pipe 3 are connected by a material conveyor, and the discharge pipe 3 is provided with an air lock for preventing the gas in the pyrolyzer 4 from flowing into the silo 2. The air lock can prevent the gas generated after the pyrolysis of the material in the pyrolyzer 4 from flowing back into the silo 2.

[0041] In the specific implementation process, the bucket elevator 1 transports the material to the silo 2, and the material in the silo 2 is transported to the pyrolyzer 4 through the material conveyor. A first heating chamber 14 and a second heating chamber 15 are provided along the conveying direction of the material in the pyrolyzer 4, and the first heating chamber 14 and the second heating chamber 15 are adjacent to each other. The first heating chamber 14 is used to heat the material in the pyrolyzer 4 to above 250°C, and the second heating chamber 15 is used to heat the material in the pyrolyzer 4 to 400-600°C. The heated material first enters the combustion zone of the gasifier 5. The combustion zone removes the tar part of the pyrolyzed material and produces raw gas, while the unreacted semi-coke accumulates on the grate at the bottom of the gasifier 5 to form a carbon reduction reaction layer. The grate sends the reacted char to the ash bin at the bottom of the gasifier 5 through continuous mechanical action and discharges it to the outside of the furnace through the ash spiral output device 6 at the bottom.

[0042] The temperature of the raw gas generated from the lower outlet of the gasifier 5 is about 750℃. It enters the dust collector 7 through pipe a for dust removal. The gasified gas after dust removal enters the preheater 8 through pipe d and enters the air disk 51 through pipe e to heat the air. The gasified gas after heating the air enters the second heating chamber 15 through pipe c and enters the quenching tower 10 through pipe f. The quenching tower 10 is equipped with multi-layer sprayers and a demister on the top to reduce the temperature of the gasified gas to room temperature. The water in the quenching tower 10 enters the air cooling tower 11 through pipe i. The air cooling tower 11 The liquid enters the water for cooling, and the cooled water enters the liquid storage tank. The spray pump 12 is arranged on the pipe h between the sprayer and the liquid storage tank to circulate the liquid. The quenching tower 10 is connected to the condenser 13 through the pipe g. The cooled gasified gas enters the condenser 13 through the pipe g. The condenser 13 removes the droplets in the gasified gas so that the gasified gas meets the requirements of supplying fuel to the internal combustion engine. In addition, the flue gas after combustion in the internal combustion engine enters the first heating chamber 14 through the j pipe to pyrolyze the material in the pyrolyzer 4. The flue gas discharged from the smoke outlet k of the first heating chamber 14 can be used to dry the material.

[0043] It should be noted that the gas discharged from pipe a can directly provide heat source for the second heating chamber 15 and the first heating chamber 14 through pipe c and pipe j.

[0044] Alternatively, the material can be construction waste wood, with a size of 2*2 cm. When the raw material contains 20% water, the calorific value is 3500 kCal / kg. After the reaction, the tar content of the gas discharged from the outlet of the condenser 13 is tested by fully cooling the gas at -20°C with isopropyl alcohol, and the tar content is 50 mg / Nm 3 The temperature of the raw gas discharged from pipe a is 750℃ and the average calorific value of the gas is 5.5MJ / Nm 3, the system thermal efficiency is 83% and the cold gas efficiency is 75%.

[0045] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. Segmented biomass gasification equipment, characterized in that: include: Pyrolyzers, gasifiers, preheaters, quench towers, circulation units, and condensers; A first heating chamber and a second heating chamber are provided along the direction of material transport in the pyrolyzer; the inlet of the first heating chamber is used to communicate with the exhaust port of the internal combustion engine in the power generation device, The gasifier is in communication with the discharge port of the pyrolyzer. A combustion zone is provided in the gasifier. The combustion zone includes an air disk. The air disk is provided in the gasifier near the connection portion with the discharge port of the pyrolyzer. The combustion zone is used to burn the material after pyrolysis in the pyrolyzer and reduce it through the carbon layer in the furnace to form fuel gas. The preheater is arranged on the path of external gas entering the air disk, the preheater is connected to the gas outlet of the gasifier, and the gas outlet of the preheater is communicated with the inlet of the second heating chamber; The quenching tower includes a main tower body and a demister and a sprayer arranged in the main tower body. The quenching tower is connected to the outlet of the second heating chamber and is used to reduce the temperature of the gas to room temperature. The circulation device includes an air cooling tower connected to the liquid outlet of the quenching tower, a liquid storage tank connected to the air cooling tower, and a spray pump for supplying the liquid in the liquid storage tank to the sprayer; The condenser is connected to the gas outlet of the quenching tower, and the condenser is used to remove moisture from the gas passing through the quenching tower; The air outlet of the condenser is used to be connected to a power generation device to provide fuel for the internal combustion engine of the power generation device.

2. The segmented biomass gasification equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A dust collector is provided on the path between the gas outlet of the preheater and the inlet of at least one of the heating chambers, and the dust collector is used to remove dust from the gas passing through the path.

3. The segmented biomass gasification equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The demister is located above the sprayer, the air inlet of the main tower body is located below the sprayer, and the air outlet of the main tower body is located above the demister.

4. The segmented biomass gasification equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: It also includes a material conveying device, which includes a silo, a bucket elevator that provides materials to the silo, and a discharge pipe. The silo and the discharge pipe are connected through a material conveyor, and the discharge pipe is provided with a gas lock for preventing the gas in the pyrolyzer from flowing into the silo.

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