A screw fixation guide for femoral neck fracture

Abstract

The present invention provides a screw fixation guide for femoral neck fractures, wherein the connection end of the anterior femoral fixation nail is connected to one end of a lateral midline positioning rod, the other end of the lateral midline positioning rod is provided with a first mounting hole, a first Kirschner wire parallel to the axis of the first mounting hole is inserted into the lateral midline positioning rod, one end of the longitudinal extension rod is in clearance with the first mounting hole, and is installed on the lateral midline positioning rod through a first tightening bolt, a second mounting hole perpendicular to the axis of the longitudinal extension rod is provided at the other end, the top end of the vertical connecting rod is in clearance with the second mounting hole, and is installed on the longitudinal extension rod through a second tightening bolt, and a guide sleeve perpendicular to the axis of the vertical connecting rod is provided at the bottom end. In the present invention, the anteversion angle and abduction angle are adjustable, which can meet the requirements of different neck-shaft angles, realize the requirements of wall fixation, and keep the abduction angle and anteversion angle fixed, so as to ensure that the three second Kirschner wires installed successively are parallel, so as to achieve precise positioning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to a screw fixing guide for femoral neck fractures. Background Art

[0002] Hollow screw internal fixation is a common surgical method for treating femoral neck fractures. However, it is difficult to achieve clinically by simply relying on drilling under fluoroscopy because it involves factors and requirements such as the neck-shaft angle, anteversion angle, wall fixation, and parallelism. The current positioner has the following problems: 1. The abduction angle is fixed and cannot meet the requirements of different neck-shaft angles; 2. The pinhole spacing is fixed, which makes it difficult to meet the requirements of wall fixation; 3. The positioner needs to be incised until it is close to the bone cortex, which still causes great trauma. In addition, due to the well-developed proximal thigh muscles, fat hypertrophy, and body position movement during operation, it is difficult to achieve precise positioning with an external guide; drilling under fluoroscopy requires anteroposterior and lateral axial fluoroscopy, which causes great radiation to doctors. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a screw fixation guide for femoral neck fracture, and the technical scheme adopted is that it includes an anterior femoral fixation nail, a lateral midline positioning rod, a longitudinal extension rod, and a vertical connecting rod. The anterior femoral fixation nail has a tip for drilling into the outer side of the thigh toward the femur and a connecting end for connecting the lateral midline positioning rod. The connecting end of the anterior femoral fixation nail is connected to one end of the lateral midline positioning rod, and the other end of the lateral midline positioning rod is provided with a first mounting hole, and a first Kirschner wire parallel to the axis of the first mounting hole is inserted into the lateral midline positioning rod. One end of the longitudinal extension rod is clearance-matched with the first mounting hole and is installed on the lateral midline positioning rod through a first tightening bolt. The other end of the longitudinal extension rod is provided with a second mounting hole perpendicular to the axis thereof, the top end of the vertical connecting rod is clearance-matched with the second mounting hole, and is installed on the longitudinal extension rod through a second tightening bolt, and the bottom end of the vertical connecting rod is provided with a guide sleeve perpendicular to the axis thereof, and a second Kirschner wire for guiding the installation of a hollow screw is passed through the guide sleeve.

[0004] Preferably, the anterior thigh fixation nail is provided with a strip-shaped long groove for fixed connection with the lateral midline positioning rod, and the length direction of the strip-shaped long groove is consistent with the length direction of the anterior thigh fixation nail.

[0005] Preferably, a mounting groove is provided on the lateral midline positioning rod, the length direction of the mounting groove is perpendicular to the axis of the first mounting hole, an adjustment groove is provided on the side wall of the mounting groove, and the T-shaped bolt in the mounting groove passes through the long strip groove of the femoral fixing nail and the adjustment groove to connect the compression nut.

[0006] Preferably, a square section with a square cross section is provided on the anterior thigh fixation nail, and the strip-shaped long groove runs through the square section.

[0007] Preferably, angle scales are provided around the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole, and angle marking lines for indicating the rotation angle are provided at the ends of the longitudinal extension rod and the vertical connecting rod.

[0008] Preferably, by moving the longitudinal extension rod and the vertical connecting rod in the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole and keeping the rotation angle fixed, three second Kirschner wires are sequentially driven into the femoral neck to form a herringbone layout.

[0009] Beneficial effects of the present invention: In the guide of the present invention, the longitudinal extension rod is parallel to the midline of the femoral lateral position, the longitudinal extension rod and the vertical connecting rod can rotate in the corresponding mounting holes, and the anteversion angle and the abduction angle are adjustable, which can meet the requirements of different neck-shaft angles. By moving the longitudinal extension rod and the vertical connecting rod in the corresponding mounting holes and adjusting the pinhole spacing, the requirements of wall fixation can be achieved, and the abduction angle and the anteversion angle are kept fixed, ensuring that the three second Kirschner wires installed successively are parallel, so as to achieve precise positioning.

[0010] Furthermore, a long strip groove is provided on the anterior femoral fixation nail, which is convenient for adjusting the distance without cutting close to the bone cortex to avoid major trauma; the structural arrangement of the mounting groove, the adjustment groove and the T-shaped bolt makes it possible to adjust the distance between the lateral midline positioning rod and the axial direction of the anterior femoral fixation nail, and the angle with the anterior femoral fixation nail is also adjustable, which can be flexibly adjusted to ensure the positioning of the longitudinal extension rod. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a screw fixation guide device for femoral neck fracture of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the femoral fixation nail;

[0013] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the lateral midline positioning rod;

[0014] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the longitudinal extension rod;

[0015] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a vertical connecting rod;

[0016] In the figure: 1-femoral fixation nail, 11-strip long groove, 2-lateral midline positioning rod, 21-first mounting hole, 22-mounting groove, 23-T-bolt, 24-tension nut, 3-longitudinal extension rod, 31-second mounting hole, 32-second tightening bolt, 4-vertical connecting rod, 41-guide sleeve, 5-first Kirschner wire, 6-femoral neck, 7-second Kirschner wire. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0018] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a screw fixation guide for femoral neck fracture includes an anterior femoral fixation nail 1, a lateral midline positioning rod 2, a longitudinal extension rod 3, and a vertical connecting rod 4. The anterior femoral fixation nail 1 has a tip for drilling into the outer side of the thigh toward the femur and a connecting end for connecting the lateral midline positioning rod 2, the connecting end of the anterior femoral fixation nail 1 is connected to one end of the lateral midline positioning rod 2, the other end of the lateral midline positioning rod 2 is provided with a first mounting hole 21, a first Kirschner wire 5 parallel to the axis of the first mounting hole 21 is inserted into the lateral midline positioning rod 2, one end of the longitudinal extension rod 3 is clearance-matched with the first mounting hole 21, and is installed on the lateral midline positioning rod 2 through a first tightening bolt, the other end of the longitudinal extension rod 3 is provided with a second mounting hole 31 perpendicular to its axis, the top end of the vertical connecting rod 4 is clearance-matched with the second mounting hole 31, and is installed on the longitudinal extension rod 3 through a second tightening bolt 32, the bottom end of the vertical connecting rod 4 is provided with a guide sleeve 41 perpendicular to its axis, and a second Kirschner wire 7 is inserted into the guide sleeve 41.

[0019] In this embodiment, the anterior thigh fixation nail 1 is provided with a strip-shaped long groove 11 for fixed connection with the lateral midline positioning rod, and the length direction of the strip-shaped long groove 11 is consistent with the length direction of the anterior thigh fixation nail 1.

[0020] A mounting groove 22 is provided on the lateral midline positioning rod 2, and the length direction of the mounting groove 22 is perpendicular to the axis of the first mounting hole 21. An adjustment groove is provided on the side wall of the mounting groove 22. The T-shaped bolt 23 in the mounting groove 22 passes through the strip-shaped long groove 11 of the femoral fixation nail 2 and the adjustment groove to connect the clamping nut 24. The anterior femoral fixation nail 1 can be fixed by rotating the clamping nut.

[0021] The anterior thigh fixation nail 1 is provided with a square section with a square cross section, and the strip-shaped long groove 11 runs through the square section.

[0022] Angle scales are provided around the first mounting hole 21 and the second mounting hole 31 , and angle marking lines for indicating the rotation angles are provided at the connecting ends of the longitudinal extension rod 3 and the vertical connecting rod 4 .

[0023] Specifically, the tip of the femoral fixation nail 1 is a round needle with a length of 10 cm and a diameter of 3.0 mm, and a triangular tip in front. The middle section is a rectangular parallelepiped with a length of 5 cm, a width of 0.6 cm, and a height of 0.6 cm. The proximal end 1 cm is a cylinder with a diameter of 0.6 mm. There is a strip-shaped long groove 11 with a width of 3 mm in the center of the proximal end and the middle section, forming a connecting end for fixing on the lateral midline positioning rod 2.

[0024] The lateral midline positioning rod 2 is 6 cm long, 1 cm wide and 1 cm high. There is a circular hole with a diameter of 8 mm 1 cm at one end, which is the first mounting hole 21 for the longitudinal extension rod 3 to pass through. There is a first tightening bolt on the side to fix the longitudinal extension rod 3; a central slot is set 5 cm at the other end, which is the mounting slot 22, 8 mm wide, for the femoral fixation nail 1 to pass through; there is a circular hole with a diameter of 2.5 mm at the end, and a 2 mm first Kirschner wire 5 is inserted for fluoroscopic positioning.

[0025] The proximal end of the longitudinal extension rod 3 is a cylinder with a length of 10 cm and a diameter of 6 mm, which can be inserted into the 8 mm round hole of the lateral midline positioning rod 2; there is a marking line on the side wall of the cylinder, and the rotation angle can be read according to the scale around the 8 mm round hole of the lateral midline positioning rod 2 to adjust the forward tilt angle; the distal section is a 1 cm long, 1 cm wide, and 1 cm high square, with a round hole with a diameter of 8 mm in the center, i.e., the second mounting hole 31, for the vertical connecting rod 4 to pass through, and a second tightening bolt 32 is provided on the side to fix the vertical connecting rod 4.

[0026] One side of the vertical connecting rod 4 is a 6 cm long, 6 mm diameter cylinder that can pass through the second mounting hole 31 in the center of the distal end of the longitudinal extension rod 3; the other side has a vertical guide sleeve 41 with an inner diameter of 2.5 mm and an outer diameter of 4 mm at the top for the second 2 mm Kirschner wire 7 to pass through.

[0027] The operation process is as follows: the patient lies in a supine position, and the patient is fixed on a traction bed after reduction under fluoroscopy. A surface marking line is roughly drawn according to the central line of the head and neck. A femoral fixation nail 1 is drilled vertically into the femur from the outside of the thigh, and a lateral midline positioning rod 2 is installed along the mounting groove 22 in the center of the femoral fixation nail 1. Under fluoroscopy, the first Kirschner wire 5 on the lateral midline positioning rod 2 is adjusted so that it is located at the lateral midline of the femur. The longitudinal extension rod 3 and the vertical connecting rod 4 are installed according to the surface marking line, and the vertical connecting rod 4 is adjusted under fluoroscopy so that the fluoroscopic shadow of the guide sleeve 4 reaches the ideal standard, and the second tightening bolt 32 is locked, and the angle is recorded. The first second Kirschner wire 7 is drilled directly from the guide sleeve 4, which is generally located at the top. Loosen the second tightening bolt, move the guide sleeve 4 forward and downward, and tighten and fix it after aligning it at the original angle, and drive in the second second Kirschner wire 7. Loosen the second tightening bolt again, move the guide sleeve 4 backward and move it up and down appropriately, and tighten and fix it after aligning it at the original angle, and drive in the third second Kirschner wire 7. The hollow screws are installed through the three second Kirschner wires. Since the abduction angle and the anteversion angle are fixed, the three second Kirschner wires can be kept parallel. That is, by moving the longitudinal extension rod and the vertical connecting rod in the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole and keeping the rotation angle fixed, the three second Kirschner wires are driven into the femoral neck in sequence to form a herringbone layout. In addition, whether to fix to the wall is determined based on the perspective positioning.

[0028] Although the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the knowledge of ordinary technicians in this field without departing from the purpose of the present invention, and modifications or deformations without creative labor are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A screw fixation guide for femoral neck fracture, characterized in that: The support rod comprises an anterior thigh fixing nail, a lateral midline positioning rod, a longitudinal extension rod and a vertical connecting rod. The anterior thigh fixing nail has a tip for drilling into the outer side of the thigh toward the femur and a connecting end for connecting the lateral midline positioning rod. The connecting end of the anterior thigh fixing nail is connected to one end of the lateral midline positioning rod, and the other end of the lateral midline positioning rod is provided with a first mounting hole. A first Kirschner wire parallel to the axis of the first mounting hole is inserted into the lateral midline positioning rod. One end of the longitudinal extension rod is clearance-matched with the first mounting hole and is installed on the lateral midline positioning rod through a first tightening bolt. A second mounting hole perpendicular to the axis of the longitudinal extension rod is provided at the other end of the longitudinal extension rod. The top end of the vertical connecting rod is clearance-matched with the second mounting hole and is installed on the longitudinal extension rod through a second tightening bolt. The bottom end of the vertical connecting rod is provided with a guide sleeve perpendicular to the axis of the vertical connecting rod. A second Kirschner wire is provided for guiding the installation of a hollow screw; a strip-shaped long groove for fixed connection with a lateral midline positioning rod is provided on the anterior femoral fixation nail, and the length direction of the strip-shaped long groove is consistent with the length direction of the anterior femoral fixation nail; a mounting groove is provided on the lateral midline positioning rod, and the length direction of the mounting groove is perpendicular to the axis of the first mounting hole, and an adjustment groove is provided on the side wall of the mounting groove, and a T-shaped bolt in the mounting groove passes through the strip-shaped long groove of the femoral fixation nail and the adjustment groove to connect a compression nut; angle scales are provided around the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole, and angle marking lines are provided at the ends of the longitudinal extension rod and the vertical connecting rod for indicating the rotation angle; by moving the positions of the longitudinal extension rod and the vertical connecting rod in the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole and keeping the rotation angle fixed, three second Kirschner wires are sequentially driven into the femoral neck to form a herringbone layout.

2. The screw fixation guide for femoral neck fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: A square section with a square cross section is arranged on the front thigh fixing nail, and the strip-shaped long groove runs through the square section.

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