A fuel cell integrated structure with air, hydrogen and water distribution functions

Abstract

A fuel cell integrated system with functions of air, hydrogen and water distribution, which is composed of a water path filtering component, a hydrogen self-heat exchange and hydrogen path buffering component, a hydrogen outlet water separation component, a hydrogen inlet integrated valve component, a stack component and an air path control component; the stack component includes a stack and an integrated end plate, and the integrated end plate is provided with an air inlet / outlet, a hydrogen inlet / outlet and a cooling water inlet / outlet, and the water path filtering component, the hydrogen self-heat exchange and hydrogen path buffering component, the hydrogen outlet water separation component, the hydrogen inlet integrated valve component and the air path control component are respectively connected to the air inlet / outlet, the hydrogen inlet / outlet and the cooling water inlet / outlet on the integrated end plate. The beneficial effects are as follows: the cooling water of the system is clean; the hydrogen inlet temperature and fluid are stable, and the low-temperature starting ability is enhanced; the humidity of the outflowing hydrogen is reduced; the hydrogen pressure can be adjusted in real time; high-integration assembly of each component of the fuel cell system is realized, the space utilization rate is improved, and the adaptability of the system is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Background Art

[0002] As an automotive power source, proton exchange membrane fuel cells need to be applicable to different vehicle models and meet different power requirements. Therefore, high requirements are imposed on fuel cell engines, as well as on the components and overall dimensions of fuel cell engines. Existing proton exchange membrane fuel cell engines are assembled from scattered parts, with a large volume and unable to meet the needs of various vehicles. There are several technical solutions in the prior art to address the problem of large volume disclosed in the following patent technologies:

[0003] The patent technology with the patent number CN108183246A discloses a method for improving the specific power of a fuel cell module, which combines multiple fuel cell stacks using a single connection distribution plate, reducing the air supply system of the fuel cells;

[0004] The patent technology with the patent number CN208522042U discloses an integrated fuel cell end plate, which integrates an air intake assembly, an air exhaust assembly, a hydrogen intake assembly, a hydrogen exhaust assembly, and a water inlet / outlet assembly. The hydrogen intake assembly includes a hydrogen inlet solenoid valve and a pressure sensor. The hydrogen inlet solenoid valve is connected to a hydrogen ejector through a connection channel, and the hydrogen ejector is connected to the fuel cell stack through a connection channel. The air intake assembly includes a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor. This invention reduces the system volume, decreases the system leakage risk, simplifies the system structure, and reduces the system cost;

[0005] The patent technology with the patent number CN105591119 discloses an end plate for a fuel cell. One side of the end plate includes a heater contact area, which is configured such that the heater contacts this area. The other side of the end plate includes a cooling medium flow path and at least one flow path rib. This design enables the fuel cell end plate to have the functions of heating and heat exchange.

[0006] The deficiencies of the prior art are that although some of the above technologies have improved the connection mode of the air supply and exhaust pipelines, some have integrated solenoid valves, pressure sensors, and temperature sensors on the end plate, and some have played a role in heat exchange through the end plate. However, the integration degree of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell end plate is not high, and there is still room for further reduction in the volume of the fuel cell system. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The objective of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell integrated structure with a distribution function for reaction gas and water, so as to solve the deficiencies of the prior art.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is: a fuel cell integrated system with air, hydrogen and water distribution functions, including a water path filter component, a hydrogen self-heating hydrogenation path buffer component, a hydrogen outlet water distribution component, a hydrogen inlet integrated valve component, an integrated end plate and a stack component and an air path control component, the integrated end plate and the stack component include a stack component and an integrated end plate, and a buffer heat exchange area, an air inlet, an air outlet, a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet, a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet are provided on the integrated end plate, characterized in that:

[0009] The water path filtration assembly comprises a filter element, a filter element packaging shell, a sealing member and a flow guide fixing assembly; the filter element packaging shell is a cylinder with an opening at the upper end and a contraction at the lower end; the filter element is a filter element made of a porous layer material, the filter element is cylindrical, the filter element is installed in the filter element packaging shell and is tightly matched with the filter element packaging shell, the flow guide fixing assembly is a square shell, the four sides of the square shell are provided with grooves, one side is provided with an interface that matches the opening at the upper end of the filter element packaging shell, the interface is sealed and connected to the opening at the upper end of the filter element packaging shell through a sealing member, one end of the square shell is closed, and the other end is an open end cover, the open end cover is provided with a screw hole for a flow guide fixing assembly, the opening of the open end cover is located at the center of the open end cover, the opening is a flow guide hole, the guide hole is sealed and connected to the cooling water inlet on the integrated end plate through the screws in the screw holes of the flow guide fixing assembly, the contraction at the lower end of the filter element packaging shell is connected to the cooling water pump, and water is supplied by the cooling water pump;

[0010] The hydrogen self-heating hydrogenation path buffer assembly includes a water outlet shell and a heat exchange plate. The water outlet shell is a square shell with square reinforcing ribs on the surface. A square or circular water outlet is provided on one side of the square shell. The water outlet is directly connected to the external water pool and is a drain. The bottom surface of the square shell is provided with hydrogen self-heating hydrogenation path buffer assembly screw holes around the bottom surface. The square shell is fixed to the buffer heat exchange area through screws in the hydrogen self-heating hydrogenation path buffer assembly screw holes. A sealing rubber line II is provided between the square shell and the buffer heat exchange area. The heat exchange plate is a hollow plate with fins and openings on the hollow plate. The opening is connected to the stack cooling water outlet. The heat exchange plate is welded to the bottom surface of the square shell and serves as both the bottom panel of the square shell and the heat exchange plate.

[0011] The hydrogen outlet water separation component comprises a water separator and a hydrogen outlet pipeline. The bottom surface of the water separator is connected to the integrated end plate through screws in the screw holes of the water separator. The inlet of the water separator is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the integrated end plate. The hydrogen outlet pipeline is a folded tube. The surface of the folded tube has square reinforcing ribs. The upper end of the folded tube has a hydrogen inlet, and the lower end of the folded tube has two hydrogen inlets. The hydrogen inlet is connected to the outlet of the water separator, and the two hydrogen inlets are open.

[0012] The hydrogen inlet integrated valve assembly includes a proportional valve, a pressure sensor, a high-pressure solenoid valve, a pressure relief valve, and an integrated valve body. The integrated valve body is of a square structure. The integrated valve body is provided with a proportional valve connection port, a pressure sensor connection port, a high-pressure solenoid valve connection port, and a pressure relief valve connection port. The proportional valve, the pressure sensor, the high-pressure solenoid valve, and the pressure relief valve are respectively connected to their corresponding connection ports on the integrated valve body by screws. A direct current channel is provided in the integrated valve body along the length direction. The proportional valve, the pressure sensor, the high-pressure solenoid valve, and the pressure relief valve are connected in series in sequence through the direct current channel in the integrated valve body. The proportional valve inlet is connected to the hydrogen supply pipeline, and the hydrogen supply pipeline is connected to the hydrogen cylinder. The outlet of the direct current channel in the integrated valve body is connected to the hydrogen inlet on the integrated end plate. The integrated valve body is connected to the integrated end plate by screws around it;

[0013] The air path control assembly includes a one-way control valve and a back pressure valve. The one-way control valve is connected to the integrated end plate by screws. The inlet of the one-way control valve is connected to the air compressor, and the outlet of the one-way control valve is connected to the air inlet on the integrated end plate. A sealant line Ⅰ is provided between the outlet of the one-way control valve and the air inlet on the integrated end plate; The back pressure valve is connected to the integrated end plate by screws. The outlet of the back pressure valve is open. The inlet of the back pressure valve is connected to the air outlet of the integrated end plate. A sealant line Ⅰ is provided between the inlet of the back pressure valve and the air outlet of the integrated end plate.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The water path filtering assembly ensures the cleanliness of the system cooling water; The hydrogen self-heat exchange hydrogen addition path buffer assembly ensures the hydrogen inlet temperature and fluid stability, and enhances the low-temperature starting ability; The hydrogen outlet water separation assembly ensures the reduction of the humidity of the outflowing hydrogen; The hydrogen inlet integrated valve group realizes the real-time adjustment of the hydrogen pressure; The integrated end plate plays roles such as support, fluid conduction, buffering, and insulation; The high-integration assembly of each component of the fuel cell system is realized, the space utilization rate is improved, and the adaptability of the system is increased. Description of the Drawings

[0015] Figure 1 is an isometric view of the fuel cell integrated system with air, hydrogen, and water distribution functions of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 is an exploded view of the water path filtering assembly;

[0017] Figure 3-1 is a top view of the hydrogen self-heat exchange hydrogen addition path buffer assembly;

[0018] Figure 3-2 is a bottom view of the hydrogen self-heat exchange hydrogen addition path buffer assembly

[0019] Figure 4-1 is a top view of the hydrogen outlet pipeline of the hydrogen outlet water separation assembly;

[0020] Figure 4-2It is a bottom view schematic diagram of the hydrogen outlet pipeline of the hydrogen outlet water separation component;

[0021] Figure 4-3 It is a top view schematic diagram of the water separator of the hydrogen outlet water separation component;

[0022] Figure 4-4 It is a bottom view schematic diagram of the water separator of the hydrogen outlet water separation component;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a top view schematic diagram of the hydrogen inlet integrated valve component;

[0024] Figure 6 Isometric view of the stack and the integrated end plate.

[0025] In the figure,

[0026] 1. Water path filtration component, 1.1 Filter element, 1.2 Filter element encapsulation housing, 1.3 Sealing element, 1.4 Flow guiding and fixing component, 1.5 Flow guiding and fixing component screw hole;

[0027] 2. Hydrogen self-heat exchange and hydrogen addition path buffer component, 2.1 Water outlet housing, 2.2 Fins, 2.3 Heat exchange plate, 2.4 Hydrogen self-heat exchange and hydrogen addition path buffer component screw hole, 2.5 Water outlet, 2.6 Opening;

[0028] 3. Hydrogen outlet water separation component, 3.1 Water separator, 3.2 Hydrogen outlet pipeline, 3.1.1 Water separator screw hole, 3.2.1 Hydrogen port 1, 3.2.2 Hydrogen port 2, 3.2.3 Hydrogen outlet pipeline screw hole;

[0029] 4. Hydrogen inlet integrated valve component, 4.1 Proportion valve, 4.2 Pressure sensor, 4.3 High-pressure solenoid valve, 4.4 Pressure relief valve, 4.5 Integrated valve body, 4.6 Integrated valve body screw hole, 4.7 High-pressure solenoid valve screw hole, 4.8 Pressure sensor screw hole;

[0030] 5. Integrated end plate and stack component, 5.1 Integrated end plate, 5.2 Stack component, 5.1.1 Buffer heat exchange area, 5.1.2 Air outlet, 5.1.3 Air inlet, 5.1.4 Hydrogen inlet, 5.1.5 Hydrogen outlet, 5.1.6 Cooling water inlet, 5.1.7 Cooling water outlet, 5.1.8 Hydrogen return port, 5.1.9 Integrated end plate screw hole, 5.1.10 Sealant line Ⅰ, 5.1.11 Sealant line Ⅱ;

[0031] 6. Air path control component, 6.1 Check valve, 6.2 Back pressure valve. Detailed implementation mode

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0033] A fuel cell integrated system with air, hydrogen, and water distribution functions, including a water path filtration component 1, a hydrogen self-heat exchange and hydrogen path buffer component 2, a hydrogen outlet and water separation component 3, a hydrogen inlet integrated valve component 4, an integrated end plate and stack component 5, and an air path control component 6. The integrated end plate and stack component 5 includes a stack component 5.2 and an integrated end plate 5.1. The integrated end plate 5.1 is provided with a buffer heat exchange area 5.1.1, an air outlet 5.1.2, an air inlet 5.1.3, a hydrogen inlet 5.1.4, a hydrogen outlet 5.1.5, a cooling water inlet 5.1.6, and a cooling water outlet 5.1.7. The water path filtration component 1 includes a filter element 1.1, a filter element encapsulation housing 1.2, a seal 1.3, and a diversion and fixation component 1.4. The filter element encapsulation housing 1.2 is a cylinder with an open upper end and a contracted lower end. The filter element 1.1 is a porous layer material filter element, which is cylindrical and is installed inside the filter element encapsulation housing 1.2 and fits tightly with the filter element encapsulation housing 1.2. The diversion and fixation component 1.4 is a square shell with grooves on four sides. One side is provided with an interface that fits with the open upper end of the filter element encapsulation housing 1.2. The interface is hermetically connected to the open upper end of the filter element encapsulation housing 1.2 through the seal 1.3. One end of the square shell is closed, and the other end is an open end cover. The open end cover is provided with a diversion and fixation component screw hole 1.5. The opening of the open end cover is located at the center of the open end cover, and the opening is a diversion hole. The diversion hole is hermetically connected to the cooling water inlet 5.1.6 on the integrated end plate 5.1 through a screw in the diversion and fixation component screw hole 1.5. The contracted lower end of the filter element encapsulation housing 1.2 is connected to a cooling water pump, and water is supplied by the cooling water pump. The hydrogen self-heat exchange and hydrogen path buffer component 2 includes a water outlet housing 2.1 and a heat exchange plate 2.3. The water outlet housing 2.1 is a square shell with square reinforcing ribs on the surface. One side of the square shell is provided with a square or circular water outlet 2.5, which leads directly to an external water pool and is a drain port. The bottom of the square shell is provided with hydrogen self-heat exchange and hydrogen path buffer component screw holes 2.4 around it. The square shell is fixed to the buffer heat exchange area 5.1.1 through screws in the hydrogen self-heat exchange and hydrogen path buffer component screw holes 2.4. A sealant line II 5.1.11 is provided between the square shell and the buffer heat exchange area 5.1.1. The heat exchange plate is a hollow plate with fins and openings on it. The openings are connected to the stack cooling water outlet. The heat exchange plate is welded to the bottom surface of the square shell, serving both as the bottom plate of the square shell and as the heat exchange plate. The hydrogen outlet and water separation component 3 includes a water separator 3.1 and a hydrogen outlet pipeline 3.2. The bottom surface of the water separator 3.1 is connected to the integrated end plate 5.1 through screws in the water separator screw holes 3.1.1. The inlet of the water separator 3.1 is connected to the hydrogen outlet 5.1.5 on the integrated end plate 5.1. The hydrogen outlet pipeline 3.2 is a bent pipe with square reinforcing ribs on the surface. The upper end of the bent pipe is provided with a hydrogen port 3.2.1, and the lower end of the bent pipe is provided with a hydrogen port 3.2.2. The hydrogen port 3.2.1 is connected to the outlet of the water separator 3.1, and the hydrogen port 3.2.2 is open.The hydrogen inlet integrated valve assembly 4 includes a proportional valve 4.1, a pressure sensor 4.2, a high-pressure solenoid valve 4.3, a pressure relief valve 4.4, and an integrated valve body 4.5; the integrated valve body is of a square body structure, and the integrated valve body is provided with a proportional valve 4.1 connection port, a pressure sensor 4.2 connection port, a high-pressure solenoid valve 4.3 connection port, and a pressure relief valve 4.4 connection port. The proportional valve 4.1, the pressure sensor 4.2, the high-pressure solenoid valve 4.3, and the pressure relief valve 4.4 are respectively connected to their corresponding connection ports on the integrated valve body by screws; a DC channel is provided in the integrated valve body along the length direction, and the proportional valve 4.1, the pressure sensor 4.2, the high-pressure solenoid valve 4.3, and the pressure relief valve 4.4 are connected in series in sequence through the DC channel in the integrated valve body 4.5; the proportional valve inlet is connected to the hydrogen supply pipeline, and the hydrogen supply pipeline is connected to the hydrogen cylinder; the outlet of the DC channel in the integrated valve body 4.5 is connected to the hydrogen inlet 5.1.4 on the integrated end plate 5.1, and the integrated valve body 4.5 is connected to the integrated end plate 5.1 by screws around it. The air path control assembly 6 includes a one-way control valve 6.1 and a back pressure valve 6.2; the one-way control valve 6.1 is connected to the integrated end plate 5.1 by screws, the inlet of the one-way control valve 6.1 is connected to the air compressor, the outlet of the one-way control valve 6.1 is connected to the air inlet 5.1.3 on the integrated end plate 5.1, and a sealant line I 5.1.10 is provided between the outlet of the one-way control valve 6.1 and the air inlet 5.1.3 on the integrated end plate 5.1; the back pressure valve 6.2 is connected to the integrated end plate 5.1 by screws, the outlet of the back pressure valve 6.2 is open, the inlet of the back pressure valve 6.2 is connected to the air outlet 5.1.2 of the integrated end plate 5.1, and a sealant line I 5.1.10 is provided between the inlet of the back pressure valve 6.2 and the air outlet 5.1.2 of the integrated end plate 5.1.

Claims

1. A fuel cell integrated structure with air, hydrogen, and water distribution functions, comprising a water path filtration component (1), a hydrogen self-heat exchange and hydrogen path buffer component (2), a hydrogen outlet and water separation component (3), a hydrogen inlet integrated valve component (4), an integrated end plate and stack component (5), and an air path control component (6). The integrated end plate and stack component (5) includes a stack component (5.2) and an integrated end plate (5.1). The integrated end plate (5.1) is provided with a buffer heat exchange area (5.1.1), an air outlet (5.1.2), an air inlet (5.1.3), a hydrogen inlet (5.1.4), a hydrogen outlet (5.1.5), a cooling water inlet (5.1.6), a cooling water outlet (5.1.7), and a hydrogen reflux port (5.1.8). It is characterized in that: The water path filtration component (1) includes a filter element (1.1), a filter element encapsulation housing (1.2), a seal (1.3), and a diversion and fixation component (1.4). The filter element encapsulation housing (1.2) is a cylinder with an open upper end and a contracted lower end. The filter element (1.1) is a porous layer material filter element, which is cylindrical and is installed inside the filter element encapsulation housing (1.2) and fits tightly with the filter element encapsulation housing (1.2). The diversion and fixation component (1.4) is a square shell with grooves on four sides. One side is provided with an interface that matches the open upper end of the filter element encapsulation housing (1.2). The interface is hermetically connected to the open upper end of the filter element encapsulation housing (1.2) through the seal (1.3). One end of the square shell is closed, and the other end is an open end cover. The open end cover is provided with diversion and fixation component screw holes (1.5). The opening of the open end cover is located at the center of the open end cover and is a diversion hole. The diversion hole is hermetically connected to the cooling water inlet (5.1.6) on the integrated end plate (5.1) through a screw in the diversion and fixation component screw hole (1.5). The contracted lower end of the filter element encapsulation housing (1.2) is connected to a cooling water pump, and water is supplied by the cooling water pump. The hydrogen self-heat exchange and hydrogen path buffer component (2) includes a water outlet housing (2.1) and a heat exchange plate (2.3). The water outlet housing (2.1) is a square shell with square reinforcing ribs on the surface. One side of the square shell is provided with a square or circular water outlet (2.5), which leads directly to an external water pool and is a drain port. The bottom surface of the square shell is provided with hydrogen self-heat exchange and hydrogen path buffer component screw holes (2.4) around it. The square shell is fixed to the buffer heat exchange area (5.1.1) through screws in the hydrogen self-heat exchange and hydrogen path buffer component screw holes (2.4). There is a sealant line II (5.1.11) between the square shell and the buffer heat exchange area (5.1.1). The heat exchange plate (2.3) is a hollow plate with fins (2.2) and an opening (2.6) on it. The opening (2.6) is communicated with the stack cooling water outlet (5.1.7). The heat exchange plate (2.3) is welded to the bottom surface position of the square shell and serves as both the bottom panel of the square shell and the heat exchange plate. The hydrogen outlet and water separation component (3) includes a water separator (3.1) and a hydrogen outlet pipeline (3.2). The bottom surface of the water separator (3.1) is connected to the integrated end plate (5.1) by screws in the screw holes (3.1.1) of the water separator. The inlet of the water separator (3.1) is communicated with the hydrogen outlet (5.1.5) on the integrated end plate (5.1). The hydrogen outlet pipeline (3.2) is a bent pipe with square reinforcing ribs on its surface. There is a hydrogen port one (3.2.1) at the upper end of the bent pipe and a hydrogen port two (3.2.2) at the lower end of the bent pipe. The hydrogen port one (3.2.1) is connected to the outlet of the water separator (3.1), and the hydrogen port two (3.2.2) is open. The hydrogen inlet integrated valve component (4) includes a proportional valve (4.1), a pressure sensor (4.2), a high-pressure solenoid valve (4.3), a pressure relief valve (4.4) and an integrated valve body (4.5). The integrated valve body is of a square structure. There are a proportional valve (4.1) connection port, a pressure sensor (4.2) connection port, a high-pressure solenoid valve (4.3) connection port and a pressure relief valve (4.4) connection port on the integrated valve body. The proportional valve (4.1), the pressure sensor (4.2), the high-pressure solenoid valve (4.3) and the pressure relief valve (4.4) are respectively connected to their corresponding connection ports on the integrated valve body by screws. There is a direct current channel along the length direction in the integrated valve body. The proportional valve (4.1), the pressure sensor (4.2), the high-pressure solenoid valve (4.3) and the pressure relief valve (4.4) are connected in series in sequence through the direct current channel in the integrated valve body (4.5). The inlet of the proportional valve is connected to the hydrogen supply pipeline, and the hydrogen supply pipeline is connected to a hydrogen cylinder. The outlet of the direct current channel in the integrated valve body (4.5) is connected to the hydrogen inlet (5.1.4) on the integrated end plate (5.1). The integrated valve body (4.5) is connected to the integrated end plate (5.1) by screws around it. The air path control component (6) includes a one-way control valve (6.1) and a back pressure valve (6.2). The one-way control valve (6.1) is connected to the integrated end plate (5.1) by screws. The inlet of the one-way control valve (6.1) is connected to an air compressor, and the outlet of the one-way control valve (6.1) is connected to the air inlet (5.1.3) on the integrated end plate (5.1). There is a sealant line Ⅰ (5.1.10) between the outlet of the one-way control valve (6.1) and the air inlet (5.1.3) on the integrated end plate (5.1). The back pressure valve (6.2) is connected to the integrated end plate (5.1) by screws. The outlet of the back pressure valve (6.2) is open. The inlet of the back pressure valve (6.2) is connected to the air outlet (5.1.2) of the integrated end plate (5.1). There is a sealant line Ⅰ (5.1.10) between the inlet of the back pressure valve (6.2) and the air outlet (5.1.2) of the integrated end plate (5.1).

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