Friction stir welding head and welding tool handle with gas valve switching system

Abstract

The present application provides a friction stir welding head with a gas valve switch system, which includes a head seat assembly, a fluid parameter sensor and a friction stir welding tool handle, the friction stir welding tool handle includes a tool handle cone, a tool, a torque transmission system and a valve body, the tool handle cone has a cone flow channel and a valve, the valve body is linked to the tool and selectively seals the valve, when the relative position of the valve body and the valve changes, the pressure and flow of the gas flow through the valve will change accordingly to produce a fluid parameter change, the fluid parameter sensor is used to sense the fluid parameter change, so as to judge the depth of the tool penetrating into the workpiece. The present application also provides a friction stir welding tool handle with a gas valve switch system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to a friction stir welding head and a welding tool handle with a gas valve switching system. Background Art

[0002] Friction stir welding technology is to insert a cutter head between the two workpieces and rotate and rub the workpieces, converting the mechanical kinetic energy of the cutter head into heat energy, causing the rubbed parts of the two workpieces to plastically deform due to heat, so that the two workpieces can be combined due to the stirring of materials.

[0003] Among them, how to let the control system accurately determine the cutting depth of the tool and then provide the upsetting force required for welding is actually what the technicians in this field are thinking about. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a friction stir welding head / welding tool handle with a gas valve switching system.

[0005] In order to achieve the above and other purposes, the present application provides a friction stir welding head with a gas valve switching system, which is installed on a processing axis of a machine tool and is used to perform friction stir welding on two workpieces. The processing axis has a rotating spindle and a spindle frame accommodating the rotating spindle. The friction stir welding head includes:

[0006] A headstock assembly, fixedly connected to the main shaft frame, the headstock assembly having a headstock accommodating cavity;

[0007] a fluid parameter sensor; and

[0008] A friction stir welding tool handle is accommodated in the head seat accommodating cavity and is connected to the rotating spindle. The friction stir welding tool handle includes:

[0009] A tool handle cone, one end of which is connected to the rotating main shaft, and a cone flow channel is formed in the tool handle cone, and the cone flow channel has a valve, and a gas flow is introduced into the cone flow channel during the friction stir welding;

[0010] a tool capable of axially moving relative to the handle cone;

[0011] a torque transmission system disposed between the tool handle cone and the tool for transmitting torque from the tool handle cone to the tool, wherein a first cooling channel is formed in the torque transmission system; and

[0012] a valve body, linked to the tool and selectively sealing the valve, when the relative position between the valve body and the valve changes, the pressure and flow rate of the gas flow through the valve will change accordingly, so that at least one of the cone flow channel and the first cooling flow channel will produce a change in fluid parameters;

[0013] Wherein, the fluid parameter sensor is used to sense the change of the fluid parameter.

[0014] In order to achieve the above and other purposes, the present application also provides a friction stir welding tool handle with a gas valve switch system, which is connected to a rotating spindle of a machining axis of a machine tool and is used to perform friction stir welding on two workpieces. The friction stir welding tool handle includes:

[0015] A fluid parameter sensor;

[0016] A tool handle cone, one end of which is connected to the rotating main shaft, and a cone flow channel is formed in the tool handle cone, and the cone flow channel has a valve, and a gas flow is introduced into the cone flow channel during the friction stir welding;

[0017] a tool capable of axially moving relative to the handle cone;

[0018] a torque transmission system disposed between the tool handle cone and the tool for transmitting torque from the tool handle cone to the tool, wherein a first cooling channel is formed in the torque transmission system; and

[0019] a valve body, linked to the tool and selectively sealing the valve, when the relative position between the valve body and the valve changes, the pressure and flow rate of the gas flow through the valve will change accordingly, so that at least one of the cone flow channel and the first cooling flow channel will produce a change in fluid parameters;

[0020] Wherein, the fluid parameter sensor is used to sense the change of the fluid parameter.

[0021] The present application has a valve body linked to the tool, so when the tip of the tool penetrates the workpiece and retreats axially, the valve body leaves its original position and no longer closes the valve. Moreover, as the relative position of the valve body and the valve changes, the pressure and flow rate of the gas flowing through the valve will change accordingly, causing the first cooling channel, the cone channel, and even at least one of the channels upstream of the cone channel to produce fluid parameter changes. At this time, the fluid parameter sensor can determine the position where the tip of the tool penetrates the workpiece based on the sensed fluid parameter changes, and use it to adjust the axial displacement of the machining axis, thereby controlling the top forging force required for welding.

[0022] The details of other effects and embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional diagram of one embodiment of the friction stir welding joint of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional diagram of one embodiment of the friction stir welding head of the present application from another angle;

[0026] Figure 3 It is an exploded view of one embodiment of the friction stir welding joint of the present application, mainly showing the torque transmission system;

[0027] Figure 4 is another exploded view of one embodiment of the friction stir welding joint of the present application, mainly showing the static shoulder system;

[0028] Figure 5 It is another exploded view of one embodiment of the friction stir welding head of the present application, mainly showing the piston, the first guide pin and the second guide pin, and the friction stir welding handle and some components are omitted and not shown;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of one embodiment of the friction stir welding joint of the present application;

[0030] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another angle of one embodiment of the friction stir welding joint of the present application;

[0031] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a welding process of one embodiment of a friction stir welding joint of the present application;

[0032] Fig. 9 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the backing-off process of one embodiment of the friction stir welding joint of the present application;

[0033] Fig.10 It is a three-dimensional diagram of one embodiment of the friction stir welding knife handle of the present application;

[0034] Fig.11 This is an exploded view of one embodiment of the friction stir welding knife handle of the present application;

[0035] Fig.12 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of one embodiment of the friction stir welding knife handle of the present application;

[0036] Fig.13It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the welding process of one embodiment of the friction stir welding knife handle of the present application.

[0037] Explanation of symbols

[0038] 1: Rotating spindle 2: Spindle frame 10: Ball bearing bushing

[0039] 20: ball bearing 30: piston spring 40: piston

[0040] 50: First guide column 60: First linear bearing 70: Second guide column

[0041] 80: Second linear bearing 90: Linear bearing fixing ring 91: First bearing hole

[0042] 92: Second bearing hole 93: Piston through hole 95: Second cooling channel

[0043] 100: Guide column fixing ring 110: First thermal insulation ring 115: Second thermal insulation ring

[0044] 120: Fluid parameter sensor 200: Head seat assembly 210: Head seat

[0045] 211: Head seat upper part 212: Head seat lower part 220: Head seat flange

[0046] 230: Piston fixed plate 300: Static shoulder assembly 301: Knife hole

[0047] 302: Shoulder 303: Gas nozzle plate 304: Gas nozzle

[0048] 310: Retracting pressure ring 320: Static shaft shoulder ring 410: Tool handle cone

[0049] 400: Friction stir welding knife handle

[0050] 411: Pull rod bolt 412: Spline sliding section 413: Bushing accommodating section

[0051] 414: First key groove 415: Conical flow channel 416: Valve

[0052] 420: Torque transmission system 421: Spline bushing 4211: Bushing outer surface

[0053] 4212: Bushing key groove 422: First parallel key 423: Spline axis

[0054] 4231: Spline head end 4232: Spline tail end 4233: Spline key groove

[0055] 424: Spring seat 4241: Second key groove 425: Second parallel key

[0056] 426: tool locking ring 4261: tool receiving groove 427: first cooling channel

[0057] 430: Knife handle spring 440: Knife 450: Valve body DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The positional relationships described in the following embodiments include: up, down, left and right. Unless otherwise specified, they are all based on the directions in which the components are drawn in the drawings.

[0059] Please refer to Figures 1 to 9 , which is one embodiment of the friction stir welding head (hereinafter referred to as welding head) of the present application. The welding head can be installed on the processing axis of the machine tool to perform friction stir welding on two workpieces. The processing axis has a rotating spindle 1 and a spindle frame 2 for accommodating the rotating spindle 1. The welding head includes a headstock assembly 200, a static shoulder assembly 300, a friction stir welding tool handle 400 (hereinafter referred to as welding tool handle), a ball bearing bushing 10, at least one ball bearing 20, at least one piston spring 30, at least one piston 40, at least one first guide post 50, at least one first linear bearing 60, at least one second guide post 70, at least one second linear bearing 80, a linear bearing fixing ring 90, a guide post fixing ring 100, a first heat insulation ring 110, a second heat insulation ring 115 and a fluid parameter sensor 120.

[0060] The headstock assembly 200 is fixed to the main shaft frame 2, and a headstock accommodating cavity is formed inside the headstock assembly 200. The headstock assembly 200 includes a headstock 210, a headstock flange 220 and a piston fixing plate 230. The headstock 210 is fixed to the main shaft frame 2, and the headstock flange 220 is arranged at one end of the headstock 210 away from the main shaft frame 2. For the convenience of assembly, the headstock 210 can be divided into a headstock upper part 211 and a headstock lower part 212. The headstock upper part 211 is provided with an oil pressure pipeline and a cooling pipeline, and the headstock lower part 212 roughly defines the side profile of the headstock accommodating cavity.

[0061] The static shoulder assembly 300 can be relatively axially displaced on a side of the headstock assembly 200 away from the spindle frame 2. More specifically, the static shoulder assembly 300 can be relatively axially displaced and embedded in the headstock flange 220. The static shoulder assembly 300 has a knife hole 301, a shoulder 302 surrounding the knife hole 301, a gas nozzle plate 303 surrounding the shoulder 302, and at least one gas nozzle 304 formed on the gas nozzle plate 303, wherein the shoulder 302 is more protruding than the gas nozzle plate 303 and can be pressed against the workpiece during friction stir welding. More specifically, the static shaft shoulder assembly 300 includes a knife retraction pressure ring 310 and a static shaft shoulder ring 320. The knife retraction pressure ring 310 is arranged on the side of the headstock assembly 200 away from the spindle frame 2. The static shaft shoulder ring 320 is connected to the knife retraction pressure ring 310 but does not directly contact the headstock assembly 200. The knife hole 301, the shoulder 302, the gas nozzle plate 303 and the gas nozzle 304 are formed in the static shaft shoulder ring 320.

[0062] The welding tool handle 400 is accommodated in the head seat accommodating chamber and is connected to the rotating spindle 1. It has a tool handle cone 410, a torque transmission system 420, at least one tool handle spring 430, a tool 440 and a valve body 450. One end of the tool handle cone 410 is connected to the rotating spindle 1 and is provided with a pull rod bolt 411. The tool handle cone 410 has a cone accommodating chamber, which has a spline sliding section 412, a bushing accommodating section 413 adjacent to the spline sliding section 412, and a first key groove 414 formed in the bushing accommodating section 413; for the purpose of cooling and tool handle control, a cone flow channel 415 is also formed in the tool handle cone 410, and the cone flow channel 415 has a valve 416. The cone flow channel 415 can be introduced with gas flow during friction stir welding. The torque transmission system 420 includes a spline bushing 421, a first parallel key 422, a spline shaft 423, a spring seat 424, a second parallel key 425 and a tool locking ring 426. The spline bushing 421 is accommodated in the bushing accommodation section 413, and the spline bushing 421 has a bushing outer surface 4211 and a bushing key groove 4212 formed on the bushing outer surface 4211. The first parallel key 422 is keyed between the tool handle cone 410 and the spline bushing 421 and accommodated in the first key groove 414 and the bushing key groove 4212, so as to transmit torque between the tool handle cone 410 and the spline bushing 421. The spline shaft 423 is axially slidably disposed and keyed to the spline bushing 421. The spline shaft 423 has a spline head end 4231 that can axially slide in the spline sliding section 412 and a spline tail end 4232. The spline tail end 4232 is not accommodated in the spline bushing 421 and is formed with a spline key groove 4233. The spring seat 424 has a spring seat accommodating cavity and a second key groove 4241 formed in the spring seat accommodating cavity. The spring seat accommodating cavity is used to accommodate a portion of the spline shaft 423. The second parallel key 425 is keyed between the spline shaft 423 and the spring seat 424 and accommodated in the spline key groove 4233 and the second key groove 4241, so as to transmit torque between the spline shaft 423 and the spring seat 424. The tool locking ring 426 is fixedly connected to the spring seat 424 and has a tool accommodating groove 4261. A first cooling channel 427 is also formed in the torque transmission system 420. The first cooling channel 427 extends through the spline axis 423, the spring seat 424 and the tool locking ring 426, and the gas nozzle 304 of the static shoulder assembly 300 is connected to the first cooling channel 427. The tool handle spring 430 is arranged between the tool handle cone 410 and the spring seat 424, mainly used to provide the forging force required for friction stir welding. The tool 440 is arranged in the tool receiving groove 4261 and has a processing end protruding from the tool receiving groove 4261, and a part of the tool 440 can protrude from the tool hole 301 of the static shoulder assembly 300.The torque can be transmitted from the handle cone 410 to the tool 440 through the torque transmission system 420 , while allowing the spline axis 423 , the spring seat 424 , the tool locking ring 426 and the tool 440 to be axially displaced relative to the handle cone 410 .

[0063] The valve body 450 is arranged on the spline axis 423 and is linked to the tool 440, and selectively seals the valve 416; when the valve body 450 closes the valve 416, the conical flow channel 415 and the first cooling flow channel 427 cannot be connected; when the valve body 450 does not close the valve 416, the conical flow channel 415 and the first cooling flow channel 427 are connected, so that the gas flow can flow through the conical flow channel 415 and the first cooling flow channel 427 in sequence and be ejected from the gas nozzle 304. The fluid parameter sensor 120 is used to sense the change of the fluid parameter of the gas flow in the flow channel, so as to achieve the purpose of cooling and tool handle control. The detailed principle will be described later. The fluid parameter sensor 120 can be arranged at any position where the fluid parameter of the gas flow can be sensed, for example, it can be arranged in the conical flow channel, the first cooling flow channel or even in the gas flow channel inside the machining axis upstream of the conical flow channel, as long as the change of the fluid parameter of the gas flow can be sensed, and the fluid parameter can be air pressure and / or flow rate.

[0064] The ball bearing bushing 10 is disposed in the head seat receiving cavity, and the ball bearing 20 is disposed between the ball bearing bushing 10 and the welded knife handle 400 to transmit force therebetween. More specifically, a ball bearing receiving cavity is formed between the ball bearing bushing 10 and the spring seat 424, and the ball bearing 20 is disposed in the ball bearing receiving cavity to transmit force therebetween, such as transmitting the axial forging force generated by the compression of the knife handle spring 430.

[0065] The piston 40 is disposed between the head seat assembly 200 and the static shoulder assembly 300. The length of the piston 40 in the axial direction of the welding tool handle 400 is variable, thereby allowing the static shoulder assembly 400 to be axially displaced relative to the welding tool handle 400 and allowing the shoulder 302 to press against the workpiece. More specifically, one end of the piston 40 is disposed on the piston fixing plate 230 and connected to the oil pressure pipeline of the head seat upper part 211, and the axial length is changed by oil pressure drive, and the other end of the piston 40 is disposed on the tool retracting pressure ring 310.

[0066] The number of the first guide pillars 50 and the first linear bearings 60 is the same. The first guide pillars 50 extend in the axial direction and pass through the first linear bearings 60. The first guide pillars 50 are connected between the head seat 210 and the head seat flange 220 to transmit the force borne by the welding head to the main shaft frame 2 via the head seat 210 during friction stir welding.

[0067] The number of the second guide posts 70 and the second linear bearings 80 is the same. The second guide posts 70 extend in the axial direction and pass through the second linear bearings 80. The second guide posts 70 are connected between the guide post fixing ring 100 and the static shaft shoulder assembly 300. The arrangement of the second guide posts 70 and the second linear bearings 80 allows the static shaft shoulder assembly 300 to move smoothly in the axial direction. The guide post fixing ring 100 can be used to position the second guide posts and to limit the axial displacement stroke of the static shaft shoulder assembly 300, thereby providing a stroke limit protection function.

[0068] The linear bearing fixing ring 90 has at least one first bearing hole 91, at least one second bearing hole 92 and a piston through hole 93. The linear bearing fixing ring 90 is fixed to the periphery of the ball bearing bushing 10 to position the first and second linear bearings 60 and 80 and transmit the force. The first linear bearing 60 is arranged in the first bearing hole 91, the second linear bearing 80 is arranged in the second bearing hole 92, and the piston 40 is penetrated in the piston through hole 93. The piston spring 30 is arranged between the piston 40 and the linear bearing fixing ring 90 to push the static shoulder assembly 300 in the direction of the processing axis when the piston 40 is not working. Among them, the lateral force and transverse force borne by the tool during welding can be transmitted to the first and second linear bearings 60 and 80, the first and second guide pillars 50 and 70 through the ball bearing 20 and the ball bearing bushing 10, and then transmitted to the main shaft frame 2 through the head seat flange 220 and the head seat 210, so as to protect the torque transmission system and avoid damage.

[0069] The first heat-insulating ring 110 is arranged between the knife-retracting pressure ring 310 and the static shaft shoulder ring 320, and the second heat-insulating ring 115 is arranged between the knife-retracting pressure ring 310 and the ball bearing bushing 10. The thermal conductivity of the first and second heat-insulating rings 110 and 115 is lower than that of the knife-retracting pressure ring 310, the static shaft shoulder ring 320 and the ball bearing bushing 10, so as to reduce the heat energy transferred to the inside of the welding head. The first and second heat-insulating rings 110 and 115 can form a good heat-insulating system to prevent the bearing-related components from being damaged by overheating. In addition, there is a second cooling channel 95 between the linear bearing fixing ring 90 and the ball bearing bushing 10, that is, the second cooling channel 95 surrounds the outer periphery of the ball bearing bushing 10; that is, the first and second cooling channels form a cooling system, which can also be used to prevent the bearing-related components from being damaged by overheating.

[0070] There is a static shoulder system in the above welding head. Since the static shoulder assembly 300 is not driven to rotate by the rotating spindle 1 during friction stir welding, the tool 440 rotates alone during friction stir welding, and the shoulder 302 and the workpiece surface only slide relative to each other, thereby reducing the friction between the shoulder and the workpiece surface and reducing the heat input during friction stir welding.

[0071] There is a tool retraction system in the above-mentioned welding head. Generally speaking, friction stir welding includes a tool feed process, a welding process and a tool retraction process; during the tool feed process and the welding process, the tool 440 can be exposed from the tool hole 301 of the static shaft shoulder ring 320 and start welding the workpiece. At this time, the piston spring 30 will pull the tool retraction pressure ring 310 upward and use the second guide column 70 and the second linear bearing 80 to allow the static shaft shoulder ring 320 not to rotate but to slide axially up and down; during the tool retraction process, the processing axis begins to move away from the workpiece, driving the tool 440 to begin to withdraw from the workpiece. At this time, if the shoulder does not press against the workpiece, then after the tool is retracted, an exit hole (exit hole) will be formed at the position where the tool 440 exits the workpiece. The exit hole needs to be repaired later, or the part where the exit hole is generated needs to be cut off. Since the present application is provided with a piston 40, during the tool retraction process, the piston 40 can be driven by oil pressure to start working, so that the shoulder 302 of the static shoulder ring 320 is kept pressed against the workpiece when the tool 440 is retracted. This action can ensure that no exit hole is generated on the workpiece surface after the tool is retracted, thereby improving the quality of welding.

[0072] There is a forging force transmission system in the above-mentioned welding head. During welding, the tip of the tool 440 will penetrate into the workpiece, and the handle spring 430 will be compressed to provide the forging force required for welding. The magnitude of the forging force can be controlled by the compression amount of the handle spring 430. Since the torque transmission system of the present application allows the tool 440 to slide up and down axially, even if the surface of the workpiece is uneven, the tool 440 and the shoulder 302 can follow the surface of the workpiece well, and since the forging force is provided by the handle spring 430, the elastic force of the handle spring 430 will only change slightly in the process of the tool following the workpiece surface, and will not cause a huge change or disappearance of the forging force, thereby overcoming the problem of affecting the welding quality due to the uneven surface of the workpiece.

[0073] There is a gas valve switch system in the above-mentioned welding head. The present application has a valve body 450 linked to the tool 440, so when the tip of the tool 440 penetrates the workpiece and retracts axially, the valve body 450 leaves the original position and no longer closes the valve 416, and because the relative position of the valve body 450 and the valve 416 changes, the pressure and flow rate of the gas flow through the valve 416 will change accordingly, so that at least one of the first cooling channel, the cone channel, and even the channel upstream of the cone channel will produce a fluid parameter change. At this time, the fluid parameter sensor 120 can judge the position where the tip of the tool 440 penetrates the workpiece according to the sensed fluid parameter change, and is used to adjust the axial displacement of the processing axis, so that the compression of the handle spring 430 can be controlled, thereby controlling the upsetting force required for welding. In addition, since the gas flow is ejected from the gas nozzle 304 toward the workpiece, when the axial distance between the gas nozzle plate 303 and the workpiece changes during the welding process, the pressure and flow rate of the gas flow through the gas nozzle 304 will also change, thereby generating fluid parameter changes in the first cooling channel and being sensed by the fluid parameter sensor 120. This method also allows the control system to determine the feed depth.

[0074] In addition, due to the integration of the above functions, the welding head of the present application can be clamped and set on the processing axis in a modular way. For example, when the numerical control machining center is milling, the welding head module is not installed on the processing axis; when friction stir welding is performed later, the welding head of the present application can be automatically clamped and exchanged in a modular way to realize the function of fully automatic mold change for friction stir welding.

[0075] Please refer to Figures 10 to 13 , which is one embodiment of the welding tool handle of the present application. The welding tool handle 400 can be installed on the processing axis of the machine tool to perform friction stir welding on two workpieces. The processing axis has a rotating spindle 1 and a spindle frame 2 for accommodating the rotating spindle 1.

[0076] The welding tool handle 400 is connected to the rotating spindle 1, and has a tool handle cone 410, a torque transmission system 420, at least one tool handle spring 430, a tool 440, a valve body 450 and a fluid parameter sensor 120. One end of the tool handle cone 410 is connected to the rotating spindle 1 and is provided with a pull rod bolt 411. The tool handle cone 410 has a cone accommodating cavity, and the cone accommodating cavity has a spline sliding section 412, a bushing accommodating section 413 adjacent to the spline sliding section 412, and a first key groove 414 formed in the bushing accommodating section 413; for the purpose of cooling and tool handle control, a cone flow channel 415 is also formed in the tool handle cone 410, and the cone flow channel 415 has a valve 416. The cone flow channel 415 can be introduced into the gas flow during friction stir welding. The torque transmission system 420 includes a spline bushing 421, a first parallel key 422, a spline shaft 423, a spring seat 424, a second parallel key 425 and a tool locking ring 426. The spline bushing 421 is accommodated in the bushing accommodation section 413, and the spline bushing 421 has a bushing outer surface 4211 and a bushing key groove 4212 formed on the bushing outer surface 4211. The first parallel key 422 is keyed between the tool handle cone 410 and the spline bushing 421 and accommodated in the first key groove 414 and the bushing key groove 4212, so as to transmit torque between the tool handle cone 410 and the spline bushing 421. The spline shaft 423 is axially slidably disposed and keyed to the spline bushing 421. The spline shaft 423 has a spline head end 4231 that can axially slide in the spline sliding section 412 and a spline tail end 4232. The spline tail end 4232 is not accommodated in the spline bushing 421 and is formed with a spline key groove 4233. The spring seat 424 has a spring seat accommodating cavity and a second key groove 4241 formed in the spring seat accommodating cavity. The spring seat accommodating cavity is used to accommodate a portion of the spline shaft 423. The second parallel key 425 is keyed between the spline shaft 423 and the spring seat 424 and accommodated in the spline key groove 4233 and the second key groove 4241, so as to transmit torque between the spline shaft 423 and the spring seat 424. The tool locking ring 426 is fixedly connected to the spring seat 424 and has a tool hole 301, a tool receiving groove 4261, a shaft shoulder 302 surrounding the tool hole 301, a gas nozzle plate 303 surrounding the shaft shoulder 302, and at least one gas nozzle 304 formed on the gas nozzle plate 303. A first cooling channel 427 is also formed in the torque transmission system 420. The first cooling channel 427 extends through the spline axis 423, the spring seat 424 and the tool locking ring 426, and the gas nozzle 304 is connected to the first cooling channel 427. The tool handle spring 430 is arranged between the tool handle cone 410 and the spring seat 424, mainly used to provide the forging force required for friction stir welding. The tool 440 is arranged in the tool receiving groove 4261 and has a processing end protruding from the tool receiving groove 4261, and a part of the tool 440 can protrude from the tool hole 301.The torque can be transmitted from the handle cone 410 to the tool 440 through the torque transmission system 420 , while allowing the spline axis 423 , the spring seat 424 , the tool locking ring 426 and the tool 440 to axially move relative to the handle cone 410 .

[0077] The valve body 450 is arranged on the spline axis 423 and is linked to the tool 440, and selectively seals the valve 416; when the valve body 450 closes the valve 416, the conical flow channel 415 and the first cooling flow channel 427 cannot be connected; when the valve body 450 does not close the valve 416, the conical flow channel 415 and the first cooling flow channel 427 are connected, so that the gas flow can flow through the conical flow channel 415 and the first cooling flow channel 427 in sequence and be ejected from the gas nozzle 304. The fluid parameter sensor 120 is used to sense the change of the fluid parameter of the gas flow in the flow channel, so as to achieve the purpose of cooling and tool handle control. The detailed principle will be described later. The fluid parameter sensor 120 can be arranged at any position that can sense the fluid parameter of the gas flow, for example, it can be arranged in the conical flow channel, the first cooling flow channel or even in the gas flow channel inside the machining axis upstream of the conical flow channel, as long as the change of the fluid parameter of the gas flow can be sensed.

[0078] There is a forging force transmission system in the above-mentioned welding handle. During welding, the tip of the tool 440 will penetrate into the workpiece, and the handle spring 430 will be compressed to provide the forging force required for welding. The magnitude of the forging force can be controlled by the compression amount of the handle spring 430. Since the torque transmission system of the present application allows the tool 440 to slide up and down axially, even if the surface of the workpiece is uneven, the tool 440 and the shoulder 302 can follow the surface of the workpiece well, and since the forging force is provided by the handle spring 430, the elastic force of the handle spring 430 will only change slightly in the process of the tool following the workpiece surface, and will not cause a huge change or disappearance of the forging force, thereby overcoming the problem of affecting the welding quality due to the uneven surface of the workpiece.

[0079] There is a gas valve switch system in the above-mentioned welding tool handle. The present application has a valve body 450 linked to the tool 440, so when the tip of the tool 440 penetrates the workpiece and retracts axially, the valve body 450 leaves the original position and no longer closes the valve 416, and because the relative position of the valve body 450 and the valve 416 changes, the pressure and flow rate of the gas flow through the valve 416 will change accordingly, so that at least one of the first cooling channel, the cone channel, and even the channel upstream of the cone channel will produce a fluid parameter change. At this time, the fluid parameter sensor 120 can judge the position where the tip of the tool 440 penetrates the workpiece according to the sensed fluid parameter change, and is used to adjust the axial displacement of the processing axis, so that the compression of the tool handle spring 430 can be controlled, thereby controlling the upsetting force required for welding. In addition, since the gas flow is ejected from the gas nozzle 304 toward the workpiece, when the axial distance between the gas nozzle plate 303 and the workpiece changes during the welding process, the pressure and flow rate of the gas flow through the gas nozzle 304 will also change, thereby generating fluid parameter changes in the first cooling channel and being sensed by the fluid parameter sensor 120. This method also allows the control system to determine the feed depth.

[0080] In addition, due to the integration of the above functions, the welding tool handle of the present application can be clamped and set on the processing axis in a modular way. For example, when the numerical control machining center is milling, the welding tool handle module is not installed on the processing axis; when friction stir welding is subsequently performed, the welding tool handle of the present application can be automatically clamped and exchanged in a modular way, realizing the function of fully automatic mold change for friction stir welding.

[0081] The embodiments and / or implementation methods described above are only used to illustrate the preferred embodiments and / or implementation methods for realizing the technology of the present application, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the technology of the present application in any form. Any technical personnel in this field may make slight changes or modifications to other equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical means disclosed in the content of the present application, but they should still be regarded as technologies or embodiments that are essentially the same as the present application.

Claims

1. A friction stir welding head with a gas valve switching system, which is mounted on a machining axis of a machine tool and is used to perform friction stir welding on two workpieces, wherein the machining axis has a rotating spindle and a spindle frame for accommodating the rotating spindle, and is characterized in that: The friction stir welding joint includes: A headstock assembly, fixedly connected to the main shaft frame, the headstock assembly having a headstock accommodating cavity; a fluid parameter sensor; and A friction stir welding tool handle is accommodated in the head seat accommodating cavity and is connected to the rotating main shaft. The friction stir welding tool handle includes: A tool handle cone, one end of which is connected to the rotating main shaft, and a cone flow channel is formed in the tool handle cone, and the cone flow channel has a valve, and a gas flow is introduced into the cone flow channel during the friction stir welding; a tool capable of axially moving relative to the handle cone; a torque transmission system disposed between the tool handle cone and the tool for transmitting torque from the tool handle cone to the tool, wherein a first cooling channel is formed in the torque transmission system; and a valve body, linked to the tool and selectively sealing the valve, when the relative position between the valve body and the valve changes, the pressure and flow rate of the gas flow through the valve will change accordingly, so that at least one of the cone flow channel and the first cooling flow channel will produce a change in fluid parameters; Wherein, the fluid parameter sensor is used to sense the change of the fluid parameter; The handle cone is formed with a cone accommodating cavity, the cone accommodating cavity has a spline sliding section, a bushing accommodating section adjacent to the spline sliding section, and a first key groove formed in the bushing accommodating section; the torque transmission system includes: A spline bushing is accommodated in the bushing accommodation section, wherein the spline bushing has a bushing outer surface and a bushing key groove formed on the bushing outer surface; A first parallel key is keyed between the tool handle cone and the spline bushing and accommodated in the first key groove and the bushing key groove to transmit torque between the tool handle cone and the spline bushing; A spline shaft, which can be axially slidably disposed and keyed to the spline bushing, the spline shaft having a spline head end that can axially slide in the spline sliding section and a spline tail end, the spline tail end is not accommodated in the spline bushing and is formed with a spline keying groove; A spring seat having a spring seat accommodating cavity and a second key groove formed in the spring seat accommodating cavity, wherein the spring seat accommodating cavity is used to accommodate a portion of the spline axis; a second parallel key keyed between the spline shaft and the spring seat and received in the spline key groove and the second key groove for transmitting torque between the spline shaft and the spring seat; and A tool locking ring, fixedly connected to the spring seat and having a tool receiving groove, the tool is arranged in the tool receiving groove and has a processing end protruding from the tool receiving groove; The first cooling channel flows through the spline axis, the spring seat and the tool locking ring.

2. The friction stir welding joint with the gas valve switching system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the tool contacts the two workpieces and moves axially toward the tool handle cone, the valve body does not seal the valve, so that the cone flow channel is connected to the first cooling flow channel; when the tool does not contact the two workpieces, the valve body seals the valve, so that the cone flow channel cannot be connected to the first cooling flow channel.

3. A friction stir welding tool handle with a gas valve switching system, for connecting to a rotating spindle of a machining axis of a machine tool and for friction stir welding two workpieces, characterized in that: The friction stir welding tool holder includes: A fluid parameter sensor; A tool handle cone, one end of which is connected to the rotating main shaft, and a cone flow channel is formed in the tool handle cone, and the cone flow channel has a valve, and a gas flow is introduced into the cone flow channel during the friction stir welding; a tool capable of axially moving relative to the handle cone; a torque transmission system disposed between the tool handle cone and the tool for transmitting torque from the tool handle cone to the tool, wherein a first cooling channel is formed in the torque transmission system; and a valve body, linked to the tool and selectively sealing the valve, when the relative position between the valve body and the valve changes, the pressure and flow rate of the gas flow through the valve will change accordingly, so that at least one of the cone flow channel and the first cooling flow channel will produce a change in fluid parameters; Wherein, the fluid parameter sensor is used to sense the change of the fluid parameter; The handle cone is formed with a cone accommodating cavity, the cone accommodating cavity has a spline sliding section, a bushing accommodating section adjacent to the spline sliding section, and a first key groove formed in the bushing accommodating section; the torque transmission system includes: A spline bushing is accommodated in the bushing accommodation section, wherein the spline bushing has a bushing outer surface and a bushing key groove formed on the bushing outer surface; A first parallel key is keyed between the tool handle cone and the spline bushing and accommodated in the first key groove and the bushing key groove to transmit torque between the tool handle cone and the spline bushing; A spline shaft, which can be axially slidably disposed and keyed to the spline bushing, the spline shaft having a spline head end that can axially slide in the spline sliding section and a spline tail end, the spline tail end is not accommodated in the spline bushing and is formed with a spline keying groove; A spring seat having a spring seat accommodating cavity and a second key groove formed in the spring seat accommodating cavity, wherein the spring seat accommodating cavity is used to accommodate a portion of the spline axis; a second parallel key keyed between the spline shaft and the spring seat and received in the spline key groove and the second key groove for transmitting torque between the spline shaft and the spring seat; and A tool locking ring, fixedly connected to the spring seat and having a tool receiving groove, the tool is arranged in the tool receiving groove and has a processing end protruding from the tool receiving groove; The first cooling channel flows through the spline axis, the spring seat and the tool locking ring.

4. The friction stir welding tool handle with a gas valve switch system according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the tool contacts the two workpieces and moves axially toward the tool handle cone, the valve body does not seal the valve, so that the cone flow channel is connected to the first cooling flow channel; when the tool does not contact the two workpieces, the valve body seals the valve, so that the cone flow channel cannot be connected to the first cooling flow channel.

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