An insulator and arc extinguishing method for suppressing arc ignition by using the recoil energy of impact arc

Abstract

The present invention discloses an insulator and an arc extinguishing method for realizing arc building suppression by means of impulse arc recoil energy, belonging to the technical field of lightning protection and arc extinguishing. It is composed of one or more semi-closed pipe fittings with a hollow interior, an open end at one end and a closed end at the other end. The open end of the semi-closed pipe fitting is connected to the closed end of another semi-closed pipe fitting. The present invention can improve the safety ability of the lightning protection device because it is achieved by blocking the injection of the arc; the new insulator has an additional function of arc building suppression compared with the existing insulators, reducing the probability of short circuit in the power system. Before various natural disturbances, all flashover points can be effectively terminated, and the cost performance of lightning protection is improved; the insulator of the present application has low maintenance cost and high efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of lightning protection and arc extinction, and particularly relates to an insulator and an arc extinction method for realizing arc formation suppression by using the recoil energy of an impact arc. Background Art

[0002] An insulator is one of the most commonly used, largest in usage, and most widely distributed insulation devices. It is an important component of a transmission line, the only electrical insulation component and an important structural support component. The performance of the insulator and the rationality of its configuration directly affect the safe and stable operation of the line. Insulators are used to increase the creepage distance and are usually made of glass or ceramic. Insulators should not fail due to various mechanical and electrical stresses caused by changes in environmental and electrical load conditions. Otherwise, the insulator will not play a significant role and will damage the service and operation life of the entire line.

[0003] The main functions of insulators are to achieve electrical insulation and mechanical fixation, and for this purpose, various requirements for electrical and mechanical properties are specified. Most insulators are located in sparsely populated areas, making them difficult to locate and maintain, seriously affecting the lightning withstand level of the transmission line. In severe cases, the insulator will flash over, resulting in a single-phase short-circuit fault and a tripping accident.

[0004] Existing insulators mainly achieve electrical insulation between the tower and the transmission line by using insulating materials and do not have the ability to suppress arc formation. When the transmission line is struck by lightning, the insulator is extremely prone to flashover, resulting in power outages. Long-term power outages have a huge impact on the national economy. To address these problems, an insulator that uses the recoil energy of an impact arc to suppress arc formation is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to propose an insulator that uses the recoil energy of an impact arc to suppress arc formation in view of the deficiencies in the prior art. The present invention proposes a brand-new arc formation suppression insulator that can be applied to transmission lines, effectively making up for the deficiencies of existing insulators.

[0006] An insulator for realizing arc formation suppression by using the recoil energy of an impact arc is composed of one or more semi-closed pipe fittings with a hollow interior, an open end, and a closed end. The open end of the semi-closed pipe fitting is connected to the closed end of another semi-closed pipe fitting.

[0007] Further, the semi-closed pipe fitting includes a recoil component and a lightning receiving component, and the lightning receiving component is arranged at one end of the recoil component and is closed.

[0008] Further, the recoil component includes a recoil component wall and a plurality of circular arc-climbing edges, and the plurality of circular arc-climbing edges are fixedly arranged on the outer side of the recoil component wall.

[0009] Furthermore, the wall of the recoil component is made of a non-conductive material with high strength, high temperature resistance, and high pressure resistance. The non-conductive material with high strength, high temperature resistance, and high pressure resistance is any one of alloy ceramics, rare earth ceramics, graphene-ceramic composites, organic ceramics, synthetic silicone rubber, organic insulating materials, alloy glass, rare earth glass, graphene glass, and organic glass.

[0010] Furthermore, the radii of the several circular arc-climbing edges are all different and are arranged at equal intervals on the outer side of the wall of the recoil component.

[0011] Furthermore, several recoil spray pipes are arranged inside the arc-climbing edge. The several recoil spray pipes are communicated with the internal hollow pipe of the semi-closed pipe fitting. Arc spray holes are arranged on the outer side of the recoil spray pipes, and electric arcs are ejected from the arc spray holes.

[0012] Furthermore, insulator end metal rods are respectively arranged at both ends of the insulator. An arc-leading ring is arranged on the insulator end metal rod. A guiding arc line is arranged on the arc-leading ring. The guiding arc line connects the arc-leading ring with the arc-climbing edge or connects two adjacent arc-climbing edges. The lightning receiving component is arranged in a conical structure and is made of a conductive material. An arc inlet is arranged at the connection of the guiding arc line and the upper end of the arc-climbing edge, and an arc outlet is arranged at the connection of the guiding arc line and the lower end of the arc-climbing edge.

[0013] Furthermore, recoil component ports are arranged on the recoil component at the bottom of the lightning receiving component. The number of the recoil component ports is 2 - 6, and the recoil component ports are arranged obliquely, and the inclination angle is 10 - 75°.

[0014] Furthermore, the radius of the internal hollow structure of the recoil component gradually becomes smaller from top to bottom.

[0015] The insulator in the present invention is internally formed by connecting multiple recoil components in series. The recoil component is a semi-closed pipe fitting with a hollow interior, one end open, and the other end closed. The closed end of the recoil component uses a lightning receiving component in a conical structure and is made of a conductive material. The second-stage and subsequent recoil components are all provided with inclined side recoil component ports from which recoil gas is ejected.

[0016] The insulator and the wall of the recoil component are made of a non-conductive material with high strength, high temperature resistance, and high pressure resistance. The outermost part of the insulator is a skirt, which can increase the creepage distance.

[0017] When the electric arc enters the arc - building suppression insulator, it first enters the first - stage recoil component. The electric arc that enters the interior of the recoil component is called the inlet electric arc (the direction of the electric arc is the positive direction). Due to the restriction of the pipe wall and the effect of narrow - pipe perfusion in the recoil component, the cross - sectional area of the entire electric - arc conduction becomes smaller, the electric - arc density increases, the temperature at the center of the electric arc rises, and the speed increases. The pressure inside the recoil component rises sharply. The inlet electric arc quickly enters the recoil component, becomes thinner radially and generates a greater elastic force in the axial direction, rushes towards the conical lightning - receiving component and undergoes an elastic collision, causing the direction of the electric arc to be converted by 180°, forming an outlet electric arc (the direction of the electric arc is the negative direction), and leaving the recoil component.

[0018] After the electric arc passes through the first - stage recoil component of the insulator, its energy has been greatly reduced. The remaining electric arc enters the second - stage recoil component through the lightning - receiving component made of metal. The action of the second - stage recoil component on the remaining electric arc is the same as that of the previous - stage recoil component, and the generated recoil gas is ejected from the side recoil - component opening, further reducing the energy of the electric arc. The subsequent arc - extinguishing process is the same as above until the electric arc is completely extinguished.

[0019] The installation of the arc - building suppression insulator is similar to the installation method of existing insulators. The first stage is connected to the transmission line through two conductive steel wires, and the last stage is connected to the cross - arm of the tower through fittings.

[0020] Furthermore, there are four side recoil - component openings in each stage of the recoil component, which are arranged in a cross - shaped central symmetry on the wall of the recoil component.

[0021] The technical principle of the present invention:

[0022] There is a narrow - pipe perfusion channel in front of the tubular recoil component in the present invention, which is the only channel for the electric arc to enter the device. Various physical changes occur during the perfusion process.

[0023] 1. The electric arc undergoes elastic deformation. When the electric arc enters the inlet of the recoil component, its physical shape changes first, from a thick electric arc to an extremely thin electric arc. The radial pressure is converted into axial pressure. Due to the narrow - pipe recoil effect, the ejection speed of the electric arc will increase during recoil.

[0024] 2. The electric - arc temperature - rise effect is intensified. After the electric arc becomes thinner, the cross - sectional area of the electric arc decreases. According to the formula the electric - arc resistance will increase significantly. Since the lightning arc is often regarded as a constant - current source in practical work experience, according to the formula \(W=\int I\) 2 \(\times R\Delta t\), it can be seen that although the impact time is only a few microseconds, the overall energy will increase, and the temperature inside the recoil component will rise.

[0025] 3. The pressure - explosion effect increases sharply. When the temperature gradually rises, which causes the electric arc to increase accumulatively, it further intensifies the pressure - explosion effect, making the ejection force of the electric arc greater.

[0026] An arc extinguishing method for an insulator that realizes arc ignition suppression by means of the recoil energy of an impact arc, the arc extinguishing method comprising the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: The arc enters the recoil component from one end of the insulator. The arc that enters the interior of the recoil component is called the inlet arc. Assuming that the direction of the inlet arc is the positive direction, due to the restriction of the inner wall of the recoil component and the effect of narrow tube perfusion, the diameter of the arc column of the inlet arc, the pressure inside the recoil component rises. The radial narrowing of the recoil component causes the inlet arc to generate an axial elastic force, which impacts the lightning receiving component and undergoes an elastic collision. The direction of a part of the inlet arc is converted by 180°, forming an outlet arc. The outlet arc is in the negative direction and leaves the recoil component, and forms a counteracting impact with the subsequent inlet arc at the inlet of the recoil component;

[0028] Step 2: Another part of the inlet arc passes through the lightning receiving component and enters the next recoil component;

[0029] Step 3: Repeat the process of arc recoil and counteracting in accordance with Steps 1 - 2 until the arc is extinguished.

[0030] Arc extinguishing process:

[0031] One port of the tubular recoil component is blocked and sealed by an electrode, and the other end is completely open, so that the tubular recoil component forms a semi - enclosed pipe fitting.

[0032] When a lightning strike arc flashover occurs and the arc enters the inlet of the recoil component, first, its physical shape changes, from a thick arc to an extremely thin arc, and the radial pressure is converted into axial pressure;

[0033] The arc that enters the interior of the tubular recoil component is called the inlet arc (the arc direction is the positive direction). Due to the restriction of the inner wall of the recoil component and the effect of narrow tube perfusion, the cross - sectional area of the entire arc for conducting electricity becomes smaller, the arc density increases, the central temperature of the arc rises, and the speed increases. The pressure inside the recoil component rises sharply; the inlet arc quickly enters the recoil component, becomes thinner radially and generates a greater elastic force in the axial direction, rushes towards the lightning receiving component and undergoes an elastic collision, causing the arc direction to be converted by 180°, forming an outlet arc (the arc direction is the negative direction). The outlet path is to rush out from the inlet of the perfusion thin tube inside the recoil component and leave the recoil component.

[0034] In the recoil component, the pressure superposition, temperature superposition, and density superposition effects formed by the inlet arc and the outlet arc with opposite movement directions cause the pressure inside the recoil component to increase rapidly; finally, the external arc and the arc inside the recoil component form internal and external pressure differences, temperature differences, density differences, and velocity differences, causing the internal arc to be ejected from the recoil component under the recoil action, weakening the energy inside the recoil component, while hindering the entry of the inlet arc, forming a large-scale arc break at the inlet of the recoil component, destroying the arc continuity, and accelerating the arc extinction; the ejected outlet arc acts on the external arc outside the inlet of the recoil component, forming a cavity effect and accelerating the truncation of the external arc.

[0035] After passing through the first-stage recoil component of the insulator, the energy of the arc has been greatly reduced. The remaining arc enters the second-stage recoil component through the lightning arrester component, weakening the arc energy again, and then the above process is carried out in sequence until the arc is extinguished.

[0036] The present invention adopts the above technical solutions, and the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0037] The present invention can improve the safety ability of the lightning protection device because it is achieved by blocking the injection of the arc; the new insulator has an additional function of suppressing arc formation compared with the existing insulator, reducing the probability of short circuits in the power system. Before various natural disturbances, all flashover points can be effectively terminated, and the cost performance of lightning protection is improved; the insulator of the present application has low maintenance cost and high efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a sectional view of the insulator of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 It is a side view of the insulator of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the insulator of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of another structure of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 sectional view of the arc creepage edge.

[0043] In the figure: 1 - recoil component, 2 - lightning arrester component, 3 - recoil component wall, 4 - arc creepage edge, 5 - electrode, 6 - recoil component port, 7 - metal rod at the end of the insulator, 8 - arc ignition ring, 9 - arc guiding line, 10 - arc spray hole, 11 - arc guiding electrode, 12 - recoil spray pipe, 13 - arc inlet, 14 - arc outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear and understandable, the following provides preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings and further elaborates on the present invention in detail. However, it should be noted that many details listed in the specification are only for enabling the reader to have a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, and these aspects of the present invention can be implemented even without these specific details.

[0045] Embodiment 1:

[0046] Please refer to Figure 1-2 , the present invention provides an insulator for suppressing arc formation by using the recoil energy of impact arc, which is composed of one or more semi-closed pipe fittings with a hollow interior, an open end at one side and a closed end at the other side. The open end of the semi-closed pipe fitting is connected to the closed end of another semi-closed pipe fitting. Due to the action of Coulomb force, the arc will enter from the open end of the insulator, and then the arc will flow within the hollow structure. When it hits the closed bottom at the bottom, due to elastic collision, the direction of a part of the arc will be reversed, opposite to the direction of the initial arc, so that a part of the reverse arc and the arc entering later form a counteracting effect and cancel each other out, achieving the weakening of the arc. Then, another part of the arc enters the next semi-closed pipe fitting through the guiding effect of the bottom arc, and then performs recoil and counteraction according to the above principle, finally achieving the extinguishment of the arc.

[0047] There is no time lag effect or constriction perfusion effect in the arc extinguishment of the insulator of the present application. By making full use of the elastic deformation of the arc plasma, when the arc plasma enters the inlet of the recoil component, its physical shape changes first, from a thick arc to an extremely thin arc, and the radial pressure is converted into axial pressure. Due to the constriction recoil effect, the ejection speed will be accelerated when the arc recoils.

[0048] Embodiment 2:

[0049] The semi-closed pipe fitting includes a recoil component 1 and a lightning receiving component 2, and the lightning receiving component 2 is arranged at one end of the recoil component 1 in a closed manner. The pipe wall of the recoil component 1 is made of insulating material. The hollow pipe structure inside the recoil component 1 can be circular or square, and the plugging structure of the lightning receiving component 2 has the same shape as the hollow pipe structure, thus forming a semi-closed state to make the arc recoil better. The recoil component 1 can be set as a straight pipe structure or a curved structure, etc., which are all the protected structures of the present application, and the length of the recoil component 1 is set according to actual production or the specific size of the arc.

[0050] Embodiment 3:

[0051] The recoil component 1 includes a recoil component wall 3 and several circular arc-climbing edges 4. The several circular arc-climbing edges 4 are fixedly arranged on the outer side of the recoil component wall 3. The radii of the several circular arc-climbing edges 4 are all different and are arranged at equal intervals on the outer side of the recoil component wall 3. The circular radii of the arc-climbing edges 4 are all different. Generally, the radii of the arc-climbing edges 4 at both ends are relatively large because the voltage at both ends is higher, so as to better meet the crawling distance of the arc and achieve better arc extinguishing. The number of the arc-climbing edges 4 is generally 5 - 7, and the set distance is generally 60 mm.

[0052] Example 4:

[0053] The recoil component wall 3 is made of a high-strength, high-temperature and high-pressure resistant non-conductive material. The high-strength, high-temperature and high-pressure resistant non-conductive material adopts any one of alloy ceramics, rare earth ceramics, graphene-ceramic composites, organic ceramics, synthetic silicone rubber, organic insulating materials, alloy glass, rare earth glass, graphene glass, and organic glass. Using the above materials has the characteristic of a high arc extinguishing threshold and is made of a high-strength, high-temperature and high-pressure resistant non-conductive material, so that the burning temperature is higher.

[0054] Example 5:

[0055] The lightning receiving component 2 is set as a conical structure and is made of a conductive material. With the above structure set, when the arc impacts on the lightning receiving component 2, a part of the arc at the bottom will lead out a part of the arc according to the gradually decreasing structure, so that this part of the arc enters the next recoil component 1. Setting the above structure has the effect of guiding the arc, enabling the arc to be weakened step by step and finally achieving arc extinguishing.

[0056] Example 6:

[0057] There are 2 - 6 recoil component ports 6 arranged on the recoil component 1 at the bottom of the lightning receiving component 2. The recoil component ports 6 are inclined, and the inclination angle is 10 - 75°. The recoil component ports 6 are set as a structure inclined upward, opposite to the direction of the arc, and approximately the same as the direction of the recoiled arc, but need to form a certain angle. Since the entire insulator is in a straight line, it cannot be set to be the same as the recoiled arc, but when the angle is set to 10 - 75°, a lot of gas is also ejected during recoil, and the recoil effect is also well achieved. After forming a counterflush at the bottom of the lightning receiving component 2, the energy of the counterflushed gas is ejected from the recoil component ports 6.

[0058] Example 7:

[0059] The radius of the internal hollow structure of the recoil component 1 gradually decreases from top to bottom. The gradual decrease in the radius of the internal hollow structure causes the electric arc to move inward, achieving a compression effect, increasing the temperature and pressure, resulting in a better recoil effect. Then, the counterflush formed at the outlet is stronger, leading to a better arc extinguishing effect.

[0060] Embodiment 8:

[0061] A number of recoil spray pipes 12 are arranged inside the arc climbing edge 4. The number of recoil spray pipes 12 is communicated with the internal hollow pipe of the semi-closed pipe fitting. An arc spray hole 10 is arranged on the outer side of the recoil spray pipe 12, and the electric arc sprays out from the arc spray hole 10. Insulator end metal rods 7 are respectively arranged at both ends of the insulator. An arc leading ring 8 is arranged on the insulator end metal rod 7. A guiding arc line 9 is arranged on the arc leading ring 8. The guiding arc line 9 connects the arc leading ring 8 with the arc climbing edge 4 or connects two adjacent arc climbing edges 4. The lightning protection component 2 is arranged in a conical structure and is made of a conductive material.

[0062] A recoil arc extinguishing path is arranged inside each arc climbing edge 4. The recoil arc extinguishing path is formed by connecting a number of recoil spray pipes 12. The connection schematic diagram between the single recoil spray pipes 12 is as Figure 5 shown: The recoil spray pipe 12 is internally hollow, and one end is completely blocked by a metal arc guiding electrode 11 to form a semi-closed space. Among them, the material of the recoil spray pipe 12 can be ordinary ceramic material, rare earth ceramic material or other high-temperature and high-pressure resistant insulating materials. The two arc guiding electrodes 11 of adjacent recoil spray pipes 12 are connected by a metal guiding arc line 9, enabling the electric arc to be within the set path.

[0063] Arc spray holes 10 are arranged at the unblocked ends of two adjacent recoil spray pipes 12 of each arc climbing edge 4. The arc spray holes 10 are evenly distributed at the outer edge of each arc climbing edge 4.

[0064] An arc inlet 13 is left on the upper surface of each arc climbing edge 4 provided with a recoil arc extinguishing path, and an arc outlet is left on the lower surface. Two adjacent arc climbing edges 4 are connected by a metal guiding arc line 9. The two ends of the guiding arc line 9 are respectively connected to the outlet and inlet of two adjacent arc climbing edges 4, enabling the electric arc to be arc extinguished multiple times within multiple recoil paths. An arc inlet 13 is arranged at the connection between the guiding arc line 9 and the upper end of the arc climbing edge 4, and an arc outlet 14 is arranged at the connection between the guiding arc line 9 and the lower end of the arc climbing edge 4.

[0065] Generally, the two ends of the insulator are insulator end metal rods 7 for connection and fixation. Metal arc leading rings 8 are respectively arranged on the two end insulator end metal rods 7. The arc leading ring 8 is connected to the arc inlet of the recoil pipe of the arc climbing edge 4 through the guiding arc line 9. The function of the arc leading ring is to draw the lightning flashover arc near the recoil insulator string to the recoil inlet.

[0066] Specific arc extinguishing process: Local arcs generally form at both ends of the insulator string first. When local arcs are generated, the arc guiding ring draws the local arcs at both ends of the insulator string to the arc inlet of the counter-flushing pipe at the arc climbing edge 4. The arcs enter from the arc inlets at both ends of the insulator string simultaneously, and then perform counter-flushing arc extinguishing in the zigzag arc channels of the insulator discs at both ends. The remaining arcs are ejected from each nozzle. Then, the unextinguished arcs will pass through the guiding arc line and conduct from both ends of the insulator string to the middle part. The arcs repeat the counter-flushing arc extinguishing effect in each skirt in turn until the arcs are completely extinguished.

[0067] An arc extinguishing method for an insulator that realizes arc building suppression by using the counter-flushing energy of impact arcs, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0068] Step 1: The arc first enters the first-stage counter-flushing component. Among the first-stage counter-flushing component, the second-stage counter-flushing component, or the n-stage counter-flushing component, their order of magnitude arrangement is based on the first counter-flushing component that the arc enters, and then increases in order of magnitude downward. The arc entering the counter-flushing component is called the inlet arc (the arc direction is the positive direction). Due to the restriction of the counter-flushing component pipe wall and the effect of narrow pipe perfusion, the arc column diameter of the inlet arc, the pressure inside the counter-flushing component rises sharply; the inlet arc quickly enters the counter-flushing component, becomes thinner radially and generates a greater elastic force in the axial direction, rushes towards the conical lightning-receiving component and undergoes an elastic collision, causing the arc direction to be converted by 180°, forming an outlet arc (the arc direction is the negative direction), and leaving the counter-flushing component.

[0069] Step 2: In the tubular counter-flushing component, an internal and external pressure difference, temperature difference, density difference, and velocity difference are formed between the external arc and the arc inside the counter-flushing component, so that the internal arc is counter-flushed out of the counter-flushing component, weakening the energy inside the counter-flushing component, and at the same time hindering the entry of the inlet arc, forming a large-scale arc break at the inlet of the counter-flushing component, destroying the arc continuity, and accelerating the arc extinguishing; the outlet arc that is counter-flushed out acts on the external arc outside the inlet of the counter-flushing component, forming a cavity effect and accelerating the truncation of the external arc.

[0070] Step 3: After the arc passes through the first-stage counter-flushing component of the insulator, its energy has been greatly reduced. The remaining arc enters the second-stage counter-flushing component through the conductive lightning-receiving component and performs counter-flushing again. The counter-flushing gas is ejected from the inclined side counter-flushing component opening, and the arc energy is further reduced.

[0071] Step 4: The subsequent counter-flushing process is the same as that of the second-stage counter-flushing component. After multiple counter-flushing actions, the arc is finally completely extinguished.

[0072] The velocity of the external arc at the entrance can be defined as v0, the pressure as p0, the density as ρ0, and the temperature as T0. After the external arc enters the recoil component, the velocity of the entrance arc formed is v1, the pressure is p1, the density is ρ1, and the temperature is T1. After passing through the arc ignition component, the velocity of the exit arc is v2, the pressure is p2, the density is ρ2, and the temperature is T2. The external arc enters the recoil component through the entrance to form an internal arc. The internal arc is restricted by the wall of the recoil component, and its diameter is mechanically compressed on a large scale, causing the temperature, density, pressure, and velocity of the internal arc to all increase. Without considering the loss of arc energy and frictional effects, when the entrance arc undergoes an elastic collision instantaneously through the lightning protection component, it is considered that v1 = -v2, that is, the magnitude of the entrance arc velocity is equal to the magnitude of the exit velocity, and the directions are opposite. Considering the loss of arc energy and frictional effects, after the entrance arc collides through the lightning protection component, it is considered that |v2| < |v1|, that is, the magnitude of the exit velocity is smaller than that of the entrance velocity, and the directions are opposite. The exit arc is hindered by the entrance arc, and the diameter of the exit arc is smaller than that of the entrance arc, causing the density, temperature, and pressure of the exit arc to be greater than those of the entrance arc, that is, ρ2 > ρ1, T2 > T1, p2 > p1. These combined effects cause the increase rate of v2 to be greater than that of v1, that is, a2 > a1. As the diameter of the exit arc is continuously compressed, the density, temperature, and pressure of the exit arc continue to increase, ultimately resulting in v2 > v1, prompting the exit arc to rush out of the recoil component from the entrance. After the exit arc rushes out of the recoil component, it forms a cavity effect on the external arc, destroys the arc continuity, weakens the arc energy, and accelerates its truncation and extinction.

[0073] Considering that there is originally air in the recoil component, when the arc enters the recoil component, a series of effects and mechanisms are formed, causing the air in the recoil component to be compressed, resulting in an increase in the air pressure inside the recoil component, reducing the free path length of electrons, weakening and suppressing the ionization process, and significantly improving the electrical insulation strength, which is beneficial to the truncation and extinction of the arc. According to experimental data, when the air is compressed from 0.1 Mpa (1 atm) to 2.8 Mpa, the breakdown voltage of the compressed air can rise to 9 - 12 times the standard air breakdown voltage (30 kV / cm), greatly improving the electrical insulation strength. The original air in the recoil component is affected by the temperature rise effect and pressure rise effect in the recoil component, and the generated jet airflow sprays from the recoil component and acts on the external arc. Using the cavity effect of the airflow on the external arc, the convection, radiation, and conduction of the external arc are accelerated, causing the arc to transform from a conductive state to a dielectric state, forming arc self-extinction.

[0074] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, and without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention, the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be embraced within the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims concerned.

[0075] The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An insulator that realizes arc - building suppression by the recoil energy of an impact arc, characterized in that, It is composed of more than one semi-closed pipe fitting with an internal hollow, one end open and the other end closed. The open end of the semi-closed pipe fitting is connected to the closed end of another semi-closed pipe fitting; The semi-closed pipe fitting includes a recoil component (1) and a lightning protection component (2). The lightning protection component (2) is arranged at one end of the recoil component (1) which is closed; The recoil component (1) includes a recoil component wall (3) and several circular arc climbing edges (4). The several circular arc climbing edges (4) are fixedly arranged on the outer side of the recoil component wall (3); On the recoil component (1) at the bottom of the lightning protection component (2), there are recoil component openings (6). The number of the recoil component openings (6) is 2 - 6, and the recoil component openings (6) are inclined, and the inclination angle is 10 - 75°; 2. An insulator for suppressing arc formation by realizing the recoil energy of an impact arc according to claim 1, characterized in that: The recoil component wall (3) is made of a high-strength, high-temperature and high-pressure resistant non-conductive material. The high-strength, high-temperature and high-pressure resistant non-conductive material adopts any one of alloy ceramics, rare earth ceramics, graphene-ceramic composites, organic ceramics, synthetic silicone rubber, organic insulating materials, alloy glass, rare earth glass, graphene glass, and organic glass; 3. An insulator for achieving arc - building suppression by means of the impact arc recoil energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radii of the several circular arc climbing edges (4) are all different and are arranged at equal intervals on the outer side of the recoil component wall (3); 4. An insulator for suppressing arc formation by using the recoil energy of an impact arc according to claim 3, characterized in that: Inside the arc climbing edge (4), there are several recoil spray pipes (12). The several recoil spray pipes (12) are communicated with the internal hollow pipe of the semi-closed pipe fitting. An arc spray hole (10) is arranged on the outer side of the recoil spray pipe (12), and an arc sprays out from the arc spray hole (10); 5. An insulator for suppressing arc formation by realizing impulse arc recoil energy according to claim 4, characterized in that: At both ends of the insulator, there are insulator end metal rods (7). The insulator end metal rods (7) are provided with arc guiding rings (8). A guiding arc line (9) is arranged on the arc guiding ring (8). The guiding arc line (9) connects the arc guiding ring (8) with the arc climbing edge (4) or connects two adjacent arc climbing edges (4). An arc inlet (13) is arranged at the connection of the guiding arc line (9) and the upper end of the arc climbing edge (4), and an arc outlet (14) is arranged at the connection of the guiding arc line (9) and the lower end of the arc climbing edge (4). The lightning protection component (2) is arranged as a conical structure and is made of a conductive material; 6. An insulator for suppressing arc formation by using the impulse arc recoil energy according to claim 1, wherein: The radius of the internal hollow structure of the recoil component (1) gradually becomes smaller from top to bottom; 7. An arc extinguishing method for an insulator that realizes arc building suppression by impact arc recoil energy according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The arc extinguishing method includes the following steps: Step 1: The arc enters the recoil component (1) from one end of the insulator. The arc entering the recoil component (1) is called the inlet arc. Assuming the direction of the inlet arc is the positive direction, due to the restriction of the wall of the recoil component (1) and the effect of narrow pipe perfusion, the arc column diameter of the inlet arc, the pressure inside the recoil component (1) rises. The radial thinning of the recoil component (1) causes the inlet arc to generate an axial elastic force, which impacts on the lightning protection component (2) and undergoes an elastic collision. The direction of a part of the inlet arc is converted by 180°, forming an outlet arc. The outlet arc is in the negative direction and leaves the recoil component (1), and forms a counteracting impact with the later inlet arc at the inlet of the recoil component (1); Step 2: Another part of the inlet arc passes through the lightning protection component (2) and enters the next recoil component (1); Step 3: Repeat the process of arc backflow and counterflow in accordance with Steps 1 - 2 until the arc goes out.

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