An automatic cleaning and cooling linked photovoltaic tracking device and system

Abstract

The present invention provides an automatic cleaning and cooling linked photovoltaic tracking device, which includes: a photovoltaic panel, which is used for photoelectric conversion; a mounting frame, the photovoltaic panel is fixedly installed above the mounting frame; a floating body, wherein there are N floating bodies, the N floating bodies are distributed along the circumference of the mounting frame, float on the water surface below the mounting frame, and provide support force for the mounting frame in a direction perpendicular to the water surface; a buoyancy regulator, which is used to independently adjust the draft depths of the N floating bodies, so that a relative height difference is formed between the N floating bodies in a direction perpendicular to the water surface, so as to achieve angle adjustment of the mounting frame, wherein N is ≥ 3; the angle can be adjusted according to the incident angle of sunlight, and efficient photoelectric conversion can be achieved by tracking the incident angle of sunlight; not only that, the present invention also has its own cleaning and cooling functions, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation and clean energy, and in particular relates to an automatic cleaning and cooling linked photovoltaic tracking device and system. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, floating photovoltaic power generation projects have become an emerging sector. These projects utilize photovoltaic panel mounting systems arranged three-dimensionally above the water surface and along the shores of fish ponds, eliminating the need for occupying valuable agricultural, industrial, and residential land. This not only conserves land and increases the economic value per unit area, but also generates electricity without impacting the utilization of water resources for aquaculture and other purposes. Compared to traditional new energy projects, these projects offer relatively stable economic returns and significantly greater social and environmental benefits.

[0003] At present, the main installation methods for photovoltaic panel brackets in water photovoltaic power generation projects are pile foundation type and floating type. The pile foundation type directly fixes the photovoltaic panel bracket into the riverbed. This method has good stability, but the construction is difficult, there are certain requirements for the soil quality of the riverbed, and the installation cost is high. In addition, the working environment of construction technicians is poor, and sometimes they need to work deep underwater, which has strict restrictions on the technicians' skills and physical strength. Moreover, in this installation method, the bracket is relatively fixed to the riverbed. When the water level rises with the season or weather factors, there is a risk of equipment being submerged, which brings safety hazards to the photovoltaic power generation system.

[0004] Floating photovoltaic power generation does not have the above disadvantages. The patent "Water Surface Solar Tracking Device and System" (authorization announcement number CN209642621U, application number 201920831292.1) installs the photovoltaic panel bracket through a concrete foundation, and the internal cavity of the concrete foundation is filled with lightweight foam material. However, the manufacturing process of this structure is complicated and the construction efficiency is low.

[0005] Among the installation methods for photovoltaic panels, the most mature, relatively low-cost, and widely used method is fixed brackets. However, fixed brackets cannot maintain a vertical angle with the incident sunlight in real time, thus preventing the photovoltaic modules from receiving as much sunlight as possible, resulting in low power generation efficiency.

[0006] To solve the problem of sunlight incident angle, tracking brackets such as flat single-axis tracking, inclined single-axis tracking and dual-axis tracking can be used to install photovoltaic panels. However, tracking brackets have complex structures, expensive mechanical transmission components, and immature mechanical control technology.

[0007] In addition, the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels depends on their operating temperature. Every 1°C increase in temperature will result in a 0.4% to 0.5% decrease in output power. Because more than 80% of the sunlight energy reaching the surface of the photovoltaic panel is converted into heat, the operating temperature of the solar cell is usually above 50°C. When the heat dissipation is poor, the surface of the photovoltaic panel can even reach 80°C. Excessive temperature of the solar photovoltaic panel will seriously affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. Therefore, reducing the temperature of the photovoltaic panel is of great significance to improving the power generation efficiency of the solar photovoltaic system and extending the service life of the solar photovoltaic panel. The patent "Water Photovoltaic Equipment Using a Dual-Axis Linkage Tracking System" (Authorization Announcement No. CN205028163U, Application No. 201520221260.1) uses a fan installed on the side of the photovoltaic panel to cool the photovoltaic panel. This technical solution is not only complex in structure and high in cost, but also difficult to construct.

[0008] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an improved technical solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems of complex manufacturing process, low photoelectric conversion efficiency, and high temperature of photovoltaic panels in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0010] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an automatic cleaning and cooling buoyancy-linked water photovoltaic tracking device, the photovoltaic tracking device comprising: a photovoltaic panel, the photovoltaic panel being used for photoelectric conversion; a mounting frame, the photovoltaic panel being fixedly mounted above the mounting frame; a floating body, the floating bodies being N in number, the N floating bodies being distributed circumferentially along the mounting frame, floating on the water surface below the mounting frame, and providing support force for the mounting frame in a direction perpendicular to the water surface; wherein N ≥ 3, and N is a positive integer; a buoyancy regulator, the buoyancy regulator being used to independently adjust the draft depths of the N floating bodies, so that a relative height difference is formed between the N floating bodies in a direction perpendicular to the water surface, so that the photovoltaic panel can track the angle of incidence of sunlight.

[0011] In the automatic cleaning and cooling buoyancy-linked water photovoltaic tracking device described above, preferably, the mounting frame includes:

[0012] A fixed steel truss, the photovoltaic panel is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the fixed steel truss; a support column, there are N support columns, the N support columns are distributed along the circumference of the fixed steel truss, and are correspondingly connected to N floating bodies, wherein one end of each of the support columns is connected to the lower surface of the fixed steel truss through a universal joint, and the other end is fixedly connected to the floating body.

[0013] As described above, the automatic cleaning and cooling buoyancy-linked water photovoltaic tracking device is preferably configured such that two adjacent support columns are hinged via a hinged rod, and the two adjacent support columns can make relative displacements in a direction perpendicular to the water surface with respect to the hinged rod.

[0014] In the automatic cleaning and cooling buoyancy-linked water photovoltaic tracking device as described above, preferably, the float is an airbag, and the airbag is provided with at least an air inlet and an exhaust port, wherein the air inlet is connected to the buoyancy regulator through a first air duct; there are four airbags, including: a first airbag, a second airbag, a third airbag and a fourth airbag; the first airbag and the third airbag, and the second airbag and the fourth airbag are connected respectively through a second air duct; the buoyancy regulator is an air pump, and the second air duct, the first air duct and the exhaust port are provided with exhaust valves.

[0015] As described above, the automatic cleaning and cooling buoyancy-linked water photovoltaic tracking device is preferably provided with a cooling hole facing the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel on the fixed steel truss, and the first airbag, the second airbag, the third airbag and the fourth airbag are respectively connected to the cooling hole through a third air duct; and the third air duct is provided with an exhaust valve.

[0016] The automatic cleaning and cooling buoyancy-linked water photovoltaic tracking device as described above, preferably, the photovoltaic tracking device also includes: a photoresistor, at least two of which are arranged on the upper surface of the fixed steel truss, and the photoresistor is used to detect the angle of incidence of sunlight; a controller, the controller is used to drive the air pump and the exhaust valve according to the detection data of the photoresistor; a pressure monitoring device, the pressure monitoring device is used to monitor the internal pressure of the airbag; the pressure monitoring device, the air pump, the photoresistor and the exhaust valve are electrically connected to the controller; the exhaust valve is a solenoid valve.

[0017] As described above, the automatic cleaning and cooling buoyancy-linked water photovoltaic tracking device preferably further includes: a counterweight block, which is respectively arranged corresponding to the first airbag, the second airbag, the third airbag and the fourth airbag to maintain the stability of the photovoltaic panel.

[0018] As described above, the automatic cleaning and cooling buoyancy-linked aquatic photovoltaic tracking device preferably has a secondary photovoltaic panel attached to the lower surface of the photovoltaic panel for performing photoelectric conversion on light reflected from the water surface.

[0019] The present invention also provides an automatic cleaning and cooling buoyancy-linked water photovoltaic tracking system, comprising a plurality of the above-mentioned photovoltaic tracking devices, wherein the plurality of the photovoltaic tracking devices are arranged linearly or in a matrix to form the photovoltaic tracking system.

[0020] In the automatic cleaning and cooling buoyancy-linked aquatic photovoltaic tracking system as described above, preferably, the photovoltaic tracking device includes an active photovoltaic tracking device and a slave photovoltaic tracking device, and no less than two of the slave photovoltaic tracking devices are fixedly connected to the active photovoltaic tracking device by a connecting rod to form a tracking device group, and a plurality of the tracking device groups are arranged linearly or in a matrix to form the photovoltaic tracking system; the two support columns on adjacent sides of two adjacent tracking device groups are connected by a hinged rod, and the two support columns can make relative displacements perpendicular to the water surface about the hinged rod; the floating body under the slave photovoltaic tracking device remains constant; the support columns of the active photovoltaic tracking device or the slave photovoltaic tracking device on the periphery of the photovoltaic tracking system are connected to fixed anchors by cables.

[0021] Compared with the closest existing technology, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. Set cooling holes with self-cleaning and cooling functions to improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels;

[0023] 2. The support column is connected to the fixed steel truss through a universal ball joint to ensure that the two can rotate at a relatively wide range of angles;

[0024] 3. Set up a photoresistor to detect the incident angle of sunlight, realize the automatic sunlight tracking function, and ensure the optimal incident angle between sunlight and photovoltaic panels;

[0025] 4. Multiple photovoltaic tracking devices form a photovoltaic tracking system, which can be used to form a surface to ensure the utilization rate of water space;

[0026] 5. Set up secondary photovoltaic panels to utilize the light reflected from the water surface, make full use of the water space, and improve power generation efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The drawings and the accompanying drawings, which constitute part of this application, are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are intended to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. Among them:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic tracking device in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the photovoltaic tracking device structure in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic tracking system in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the airbag connection structure in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] In the figure, 1. fixed steel truss, 2. photovoltaic panel, 3. fixed platform, 4. universal slot, 5. universal ball head, 6. support column, 7. counterweight, 8. airbag, 9. hinged rod, 10. cooling hole, 11. connecting rod, 12. cable, 13. fixed anchor, 14. bolt, 15. second air duct, 16. exhaust port, 17. air inlet, 18. valve, 19. active photovoltaic tracking device, 20. driven photovoltaic tracking device, 81. first airbag, 82. second airbag, 83. third airbag, 84. fourth airbag. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on the present invention. The terms "connected" and "connected" used in the present invention should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate component. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0035] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0036] First of all, it should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, the definitions of directional terms such as east, west, south, north, southeast, southwest, northeast, and northwest are all based on the coordinate system in the accompanying drawings.

[0037] The present invention provides an automatic cleaning and cooling linked photovoltaic tracking device and system, which has the advantages of easy construction, strong anti-overturning force, and the ability to adjust the angle according to the incident angle of sunlight. By tracking the incident angle of sunlight, efficient photoelectric conversion is achieved; not only that, the present invention also has its own cleaning and cooling functions, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 2.

[0038] like Figure 1-2As shown, the automatic cleaning and cooling linked photovoltaic tracking device is installed on the water surface to generate solar power. It includes: a photovoltaic panel 2 for photoelectric conversion; the photovoltaic panel 2 is fixedly mounted above a mounting frame; four floats, distributed along the circumference of the mounting frame, floating on the water surface below the mounting frame, providing support for the mounting frame in a direction perpendicular to the water surface; and a buoyancy regulator, which is used to independently adjust the draft of the four floats, creating a relative height difference between the four floats in a direction perpendicular to the water surface. By changing the height difference between the four floats, the angle of the mounting frame can be adjusted, allowing the photovoltaic panel to track the incident angle of sunlight. By adjusting the angle of the mounting frame, the photovoltaic panel 2 rotates, allowing the photovoltaic panel 2 to track the incident angle of sunlight, making the incident angle close to or even perpendicular to the photovoltaic panel 2, thereby allowing the photovoltaic panel 2 to receive as much solar radiation as possible and improving power generation efficiency. It should be understood that the above description is only exemplary and is not limited to the embodiments of the present application.

[0039] In some embodiments, the mounting frame includes: support columns 6 and a fixed steel truss 1, wherein the photovoltaic panel 2 is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the fixed steel truss 1; there are four support columns 6, which are distributed along the circumference of the fixed steel truss 1 and correspondingly connected to four floating bodies, wherein one end of each support column 6 is connected to the lower surface of the fixed steel truss 1 through a universal joint, and the other end is fixedly connected to the floating body. The support columns 6 and the fixed steel truss 1 can rotate at multiple angles about the universal joint. When the buoyancy regulator adjusts the draft depth of the floating body, it ensures that the floating body always provides support force to the fixed steel truss 1 in a direction perpendicular to the water surface, while improving the stability of the fixed steel truss 1 and reducing the risk of overturning of the photovoltaic panel 2 during the angle adjustment process. It can be understood that the above description is only exemplary and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

[0040] Specifically, the support columns 6 are distributed at the four corners of the lower surface of the fixed steel truss 1. Universal ball joints 5 are fixedly connected to the tops of the support columns 6. A fixing platform 3 is provided on the lower surface of the fixed steel truss 1. Universal slots 4 are provided at the bottom of the fixing platform 3. The universal ball joints 5 are rotatably connected to the interior of the universal slots 4, allowing the support columns 6 to rotate within a relatively wide range of angles relative to the fixed steel truss 1. It should be understood that the above description is merely exemplary and is not intended to be limiting in the present embodiment.

[0041] In some embodiments, the height of the support column 6 can be adjusted based on the water area in which the photovoltaic panel 2 is positioned. For example, in a pond, the support column 6 can be set lower to ensure that the photovoltaic panel 2 does not touch the bottom during angle adjustment. In seawater or a reservoir, the support column 6 can be set higher to prevent the photovoltaic panel 2 from capsizing due to wind. It should be understood that the above description is merely exemplary and is not intended to be limiting in the present application.

[0042] In some embodiments, in the same photovoltaic tracking device, two adjacent support columns 6 are connected by an articulated rod 9. These two adjacent support columns 6 can be linked about the articulated rod 9 to move relative to each other perpendicular to the water surface. This improves the relative stability of the support columns 6 while ensuring that the opposing support columns 6 do not interfere with each other when the draft of the two floating bodies changes. It should be understood that the above description is merely exemplary and is not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0043] In some embodiments, the float is an airbag 8, which is provided with at least an air inlet 17 and an exhaust port 16, wherein the air inlet 17 is connected to the buoyancy regulator through a first air guide tube; the airbag 8 includes: a first airbag 81, a second airbag 82, a third airbag 83 and a fourth airbag 84; Figure 4 As shown, the first airbag 81 and the third airbag 83, and the second airbag 82 and the fourth airbag 84 are connected through the second air duct 15; see Figure 4 In the coordinate system shown, the airbag 8 located at the southeast corner is the first airbag 81, and the remaining airbags 8 are named as the second airbag 82, the third airbag 83 and the fourth airbag 84 in a clockwise direction.

[0044] The buoyancy regulator is an air pump. The second air pipe 15, the first air pipe and the exhaust port 16 are all provided with an exhaust valve 18. The exhaust valve 18 is used to replenish or deflate the air inside the air bag 8, thereby generating a change in buoyancy and adjusting the draft depth.

[0045] By controlling the amount of air inflated inside the airbag 8, the draft depth is adjusted, thereby controlling the angle of the photovoltaic panel 2, and tracking the incident azimuth angle of sunlight throughout the day and the incident altitude angle of sunlight throughout the year, thereby forming a tracking mode in which the upper surface of the photovoltaic module is always perpendicular to the incident angle of sunlight.

[0046] Based on the above connection relationship, in actual use, the specific inflation method of the airbag 8 is as follows: in the initial state, the first airbag 81 is only used to float the photovoltaic panel 2 and is not used to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel 2. The second airbag 82 is inflated at night, and the third airbag 83 is inflated at night to tilt the photovoltaic panel 2 to the east side;

[0047] When the sun comes out, the second airbag 82 begins to deflate and the fourth airbag 84 inflates, so that the photovoltaic panel 2 rotates according to the change of the sunlight angle to achieve tracking;

[0048] After noon, the third airbag 83 begins to deflate and the first airbag 81 begins to inflate, so that the photovoltaic panel 2 rotates according to the change of the sunlight angle to achieve tracking.

[0049] The first airbag 81 and the third airbag 83 are connected by the second air duct 15, and the second airbag 82 and the fourth airbag 84 are connected by the second air duct 15. When the photovoltaic panel 2 tracks the incident angle of sunlight and adjusts the angle, when the third airbag 83 is deflated and the first airbag 81 needs to be inflated, the gas in the third airbag 83 can replenish the first airbag 81. When the gas pressure of the third airbag 83 and the first airbag 81 is almost equal, the exhaust valve 18 between the two is closed, and the air pump continues to inflate the first airbag 81 through the air inlet 17, and the third airbag 83 is deflated autonomously through the exhaust port 16.

[0050] The mutual inflation process of the second airbag 82 and the fourth airbag 84 is substantially the same as the mutual inflation process of the third airbag 83 and the first airbag 81, and will not be described in detail here. It is understood that the above description is merely exemplary and is not limited to this embodiment of the present application.

[0051] In some embodiments, the fixed steel truss 1 is provided with cooling holes 10 facing the top surface of the photovoltaic panel 2. The exhaust ports of the first, second, third, and fourth airbags 81, 82, 83, and 84 are connected to the cooling holes 10 via third air ducts, each equipped with an exhaust valve 18. After sunrise, the second airbag 82 begins to deflate, first releasing air into the fourth airbag 84 until pressure equalizes. After noon, the second airbag 82 continues to deflate, with the gas within it being discharged from the cooling holes 10 through the third air duct. Since this gas originates from underwater and is relatively cool, it cools and cleans the photovoltaic panel 2. After the sun sets, the first airbag 81 and the fourth airbag 84 begin to exhaust. First, the first airbag 81 discharges gas to the third airbag 83 through the second air duct, and the fourth airbag 84 discharges gas to the second airbag 82 through the second air duct. After the pressure is balanced, the excess gas in the first airbag 81 and the fourth airbag 84 is discharged from the cooling hole 10 through the third air duct. At this time, the gas discharged from the cooling hole can play a cleaning role.

[0052] Because the photovoltaic panel 2's output voltage decreases and its current increases with increasing temperature, resulting in reduced actual efficiency and reduced power generation, the reduction in photoelectric conversion efficiency caused by increased temperature is a significant factor affecting power generation efficiency. Lowering the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 2 through the cooling holes 10 can improve power generation efficiency, extend the service life of the photovoltaic panel 2, and reduce the cost of power generation from the photovoltaic panel 2. It should be understood that the above description is merely illustrative and is not intended to be limiting in the present embodiments.

[0053] As a preferred method of this embodiment, a cooling pipe is provided on the north side of the fixed steel truss 1, and a number of evenly arranged cooling holes 10 are opened on the side wall of the cooling pipe, and the cooling holes 10 are facing the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel 2; the airbag 8 is connected to the cooling pipe through the third air duct for air supply cooling.

[0054] The cooling holes 10 are arranged on the north side edge to prevent the cooling pipe from blocking the sunlight, thereby maximizing the amount of sunlight radiation of the photovoltaic panel 2. It is understood that the above description is only exemplary and is not limited to this embodiment of the present application.

[0055] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic tracking device further comprises:

[0056] Photoresistors for detecting the incident angle of sunlight, with at least two photoresistors being arranged on the upper surface of the fixed steel truss 1;

[0057] Used to drive the air pump and the exhaust valve 18 according to the detection data of the photoresistor;

[0058] a pressure monitoring device for monitoring the internal pressure of the airbag 8;

[0059] The pressure monitoring device, the air pump, the photoresistor and the exhaust valve 18 are all electrically connected to the controller; wherein the exhaust valve 18 is a solenoid valve.

[0060] The method used by photoresistors to detect the angle of sunlight incident is the photoresistor light intensity comparison method. Specifically, utilizing the principle that the resistance of photoresistors changes when exposed to light, two identical photoresistors are placed below the east-west edge of the fixed steel truss 1 (or photovoltaic panel 2) (when the angle of sunlight incident is perpendicular to the photovoltaic panel 2, half of the photoresistors can receive light, and the other half is below). When the angle of sunlight incident is perpendicular to the photovoltaic panel 2, the two photoresistors receive the same light intensity, so their resistance is completely equal, and at this time, each airbag 8 remains constant. When the angle of sunlight incident is at an angle to the perpendicular direction of the photovoltaic panel 2, the resistance of the photoresistor receiving more light intensity decreases. The controller controls the air pump to adjust the draft depth of each airbag 8 based on the resistance reduction data until the light intensity on the two photoresistors is the same, achieving full-day tracking of the sunlight incident azimuth.

[0061] In addition, by placing two identical photoresistors below the north-south edges of the fixed steel truss 1 (or photovoltaic panel 2), the sunlight incidence angle can be tracked throughout the year. The principle of tracking the sunlight incidence angle throughout the year is the same as the principle of tracking the sunlight incidence azimuth angle throughout the day mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.

[0062] The air pump, photoresistor and solenoid valve are electrically connected to the controller, which detects the incident angle of sunlight through the photoresistor, and controls the driving motor through the controller to drive the air pump to inflate each airbag 8 respectively. Each airbag 8 adjusts the draft by inflation or deflation; when the airbag 8 is inflated, its volume increases and the draft decreases, driving the photovoltaic panel 2 side where the airbag 8 is located to rise in a direction perpendicular to the water surface; when the airbag 8 is deflated, its volume decreases and the draft increases, driving the photovoltaic panel 2 side where the airbag 8 is located to descend in a direction perpendicular to the water surface, thereby achieving adjustment of the angle of the photovoltaic panel 2; in this way, the photovoltaic panel 2 can track the vertical incident angle of sunlight, which can maximize the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 2 and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 2.

[0063] The output of the photoresistor is electrically connected to the input of the controller via a signal line. The signal output of the controller is also electrically connected to the signal input of the air pump's drive motor via a signal line. The drive motor drives the air pump. Each airbag 8 is independently connected to the air pump via a first air duct, and the first air duct is equipped with a solenoid valve to independently inflate each airbag 8. The controller and air pump are both onshore, enabling remote operation of the waterborne photovoltaic panel 2. It should be understood that the above description is merely exemplary and is not intended to be limiting in the present embodiments.

[0064] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic tracking device further includes a counterweight 7 , and four counterweights 7 are respectively arranged corresponding to the first airbag 81 , the second airbag 82 , the third airbag 83 and the fourth airbag 84 to maintain the stability of the photovoltaic panel 2 .

[0065] like Figure 1-2 As shown: The counterweight block 7 can be preferably a metal block, a concrete block, or other block-shaped objects with a density greater than that of water. The following description will take the counterweight block 7 as an example of concrete.

[0066] Concrete is poured on the end of the support column 6 corresponding to the airbag 8, stabilizing the photovoltaic panel 2 with the weight of the concrete. The support column 6 and the concrete are rigidly connected. The concrete only serves to balance the center of gravity of the photovoltaic panel 2, so the concrete can be replaced with metal or other dense weights. It should be understood that the above description is merely illustrative and is not intended to be limiting in this embodiment.

[0067] In some embodiments, the airbag 8 can be wrapped around the outside of the concrete, which will not affect the volume contraction or expansion of the airbag 8 through inflation and deflation. The airbag 8 is inflated inside, so that the concrete floats on the water surface together with the airbag 8.

[0068] Alternatively, the airbag 8 can be placed separately from the counterweight 7. Since the counterweight 7 only serves to balance the center of gravity of the photovoltaic panel 2, the technical effect will not be affected regardless of where the counterweight 7 is placed. It should be understood that the above description is merely exemplary and is not intended to be limiting in the present embodiment.

[0069] In some embodiments, the float can also be a water tank, each water tank is provided with at least a water inlet and a drain; the buoyancy regulator is a water pump, which supplies water or drains water to the water tanks through a water pipe to adjust the draft; a drain valve is provided on the water pipe or the drain. The difference is that when the float is a water tank, there is no need to set a counterweight 7. No matter where the airbag 8 is placed, or the airbag 8 is changed into a water tank, as long as the method is to change the angle of the photovoltaic panel 2 and track the incident angle of sunlight by changing the buoyancy of the float or the draft, it should fall within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0070] In this embodiment, a photoresistor can also be set on the fixed steel truss 1 or the photovoltaic panel 2 to detect the sunlight incident angle, and a controller can be set to electrically connect the photoresistor, the drain valve and the water pump. The water pump and the drain valve can be controlled by the photoresistor based on the detection data of the sunlight incident angle, so that the photovoltaic panel 2 can be adjusted in the latitude direction (east-west direction) and the longitude direction (north-south direction) at the same time, so as to achieve the tracking of the sunlight incident azimuth angle throughout the day and the sunlight incident altitude angle throughout the year, thereby maintaining the tracking mode in which the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel 2 is always completely perpendicular to the sunlight incident angle, wherein the drain valve is a solenoid valve. It can be understood that the above description is only exemplary and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

[0071] In some embodiments, a secondary photovoltaic panel 2 is installed on the back of the photovoltaic panel 2 to generate electricity through the reflected light from the water surface, thereby improving the power generation efficiency per unit water area. It is understood that the above description is only exemplary and is not limited to this embodiment of the present application.

[0072] In some embodiments, the support columns 6 of the photovoltaic tracking device are connected to anchors 13 via cables 12. Multiple anchors 13 with cables 12 secure the photovoltaic tracking device, effectively ensuring the system's relative position in water remains stable while also meeting flood control requirements. It should be understood that the above description is merely illustrative and is not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0073] Not only that, when encountering severe weather such as strong winds, the airbag 8 can be deflated to lower the center of gravity of the photovoltaic panel 2 (the water tank is filled with water) to ensure the stability of the photovoltaic panel 2. The photovoltaic panel 2 is provided with a waterproof structure, and in this process there is no need to worry about equipment damage caused by the photovoltaic panel 2 being submerged.

[0074] The photovoltaic tracking device provided by the present invention can also be deployed in seawater. When placed in the sea, the internal pressure needs to be adaptively adjusted according to changes in water density to enable the airbag 8 to meet the photovoltaic panel 2's tracking function according to the angle of incidence of sunlight. It should be understood that the above description is merely exemplary and is not limited to this embodiment of the present application.

[0075] The present invention also provides an automatic cleaning and cooling linked photovoltaic tracking system, such as Figure 3 As shown, the photovoltaic tracking device includes several of the above-mentioned embodiments. Specifically, the photovoltaic tracking devices are arranged linearly or in a matrix to form a photovoltaic tracking system. By connecting multiple photovoltaic tracking devices to form a whole, a photovoltaic power generation system is formed, which increases the power generation capacity and makes the device more stable.

[0076] The photovoltaic tracking device includes an active photovoltaic tracking device 19 and a passive photovoltaic tracking device 20. At least two passive photovoltaic tracking devices 20 are fixedly connected to the active photovoltaic tracking device 19 via a connecting rod 11 to form a tracking device group. It should be understood that the above description is merely exemplary and is not limited to this embodiment of the present application.

[0077] In some embodiments, two slave photovoltaic tracking devices 20 are connected to either side of an active photovoltaic tracking device 19 to form a tracking device group. The float beneath the slave photovoltaic tracking device 20 remains constant, serving only to support its own weight. The counterweight 7 corresponding to the airbag 8 in the slave photovoltaic tracking device 20 can also be eliminated. The slave photovoltaic tracking devices 20 and the active photovoltaic tracking device 19 within the tracking device group are fixedly connected by a connecting rod 11 to form a single unit. The active photovoltaic tracking device 19 drives the tracking device group, causing the entire tracking device group to track the incident angle of sunlight, ensuring that the incident angle is perpendicular to the photovoltaic panel 2. It should be understood that the above description is merely exemplary and is not intended to be limiting in the present embodiments.

[0078] In some embodiments, several tracking device groups are arranged linearly. In adjacent active photovoltaic tracking devices 19 or passive photovoltaic tracking devices 20 of two adjacent tracking device groups, two adjacent support columns 6 are connected by a hinged rod 9. The two adjacent support columns 6 can be relatively displaced about the hinged rod 9 in a direction perpendicular to the water surface, thereby enabling one row of active photovoltaic tracking devices 19 to drive two rows of passive photovoltaic tracking devices 20. Taking this as an example, several tracking device groups are arranged in a matrix, forming a surface from points, and can adjust the sunlight incident angle for all photovoltaic panels 2 of the photovoltaic tracking system. It will be understood that the above description is only exemplary and is not limited to this embodiment of the present application.

[0079] In some embodiments, an active photovoltaic tracking device 19 can also drive three or more slave photovoltaic tracking devices 20. For example, four slave photovoltaic tracking devices 20 are arranged around the active photovoltaic tracking device 19. The number of slave photovoltaic tracking devices 20 on the same active photovoltaic tracking device 19 depends on the air pump power of the active photovoltaic tracking device 19 and the pressure bearing or elasticity of the airbag 8.

[0080] Between the active photovoltaic tracking device 19 and the driven photovoltaic tracking device 19, the corresponding two support columns 6 are fixedly connected to form a whole through a connecting rod 11. The two support columns 6 are fixed to the connecting rod 11 by bolts 14 and nuts, and triangular ribs are installed on the connecting rod 11 to enhance the strength of the connecting rod 11.

[0081] In the active photovoltaic tracking device 19 or the passive photovoltaic tracking device 20, the support column 6 located in the southeast corner is the first support column 6, and the remaining support columns 6 are arranged in a clockwise direction as the second support column 6, the third support column 6 and the fourth support column 6. In this system, support columns 6 or air bags 8 with the same number can share an air pump.

[0082] In addition, since a plurality of photovoltaic tracking devices are connected together to form a photovoltaic power generation system, even if an abnormality occurs in the airbag 8 of an individual device, it will not cause the device to sink into the water.

[0083] In the above embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, the fixed steel trusses 1 in the same tracking device group have an angle θ relative to the east-west direction of the reference coordinate system, 15°<θ<45°; the fixed steel trusses 1 in the same tracking device group are distributed linearly or in a matrix.

[0084] For example, θ=30°, so that within the same tracking device group, when the corresponding support columns 6 of the active photovoltaic tracking device 19 and the slave photovoltaic tracking device 20 are fixedly connected by the connecting rod 11, no interference will occur between the support columns 6 of the active photovoltaic tracking device 19, the support columns 6 of the slave photovoltaic tracking device 20, and the connecting rod 11 connecting the corresponding support columns 6; preferably, the articulated rod 9 and the connecting rod 11 have a height difference in the direction perpendicular to the water surface.

[0085] In the same tracking device group, two identical photoresistors are placed along the east-west direction of the reference coordinate system to detect the incident azimuth of sunlight. Correspondingly, the two photoresistors are respectively set on the active photovoltaic tracking device or the slave photovoltaic tracking device in the same tracking device group; two identical photoresistors are placed along the north-south-west direction of the reference coordinate system to detect the incident altitude angle of sunlight. Correspondingly, the two photoresistors are respectively set on the active photovoltaic tracking device or the slave photovoltaic tracking device in the same tracking device group; the specific detection method is the photoresistor light intensity comparison method, which will not be repeated here.

[0086] The two support columns 6 on adjacent sides of two adjacent tracking device groups are connected by a hinged rod 9, and the two support columns 6 can make relative displacements perpendicular to the water surface with respect to the hinged rod 9; the hinged rod 9 is used to maintain the distance between the two photovoltaic panel 2 tracking devices, and can also offset the internal force caused by the undulations of the water surface, thereby ensuring the stability of the entire photovoltaic tracking system.

[0087] The support columns 6 of the photovoltaic tracking device located outside the system are connected to anchors 13 via cables 12. Multiple anchors 13 with cables 12 secure the entire surface photovoltaic tracking system, effectively ensuring the system's positional stability in the water while also meeting flood control requirements. It should be understood that the above description is merely illustrative and is not intended to be limiting in the present embodiments.

[0088] In summary, the present application provides an automatic cleaning and cooling linked photovoltaic tracking device and system, which can operate on the water surface, is easy to install and construct, has strong resistance to water overturning, and can adjust its own angle according to the angle of incidence of sunlight. While ensuring the tracking of the angle of incidence of sunlight for power generation, it can reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 2, solve the problem of reduced photoelectric conversion efficiency caused by the increase in temperature of the photovoltaic panel 2, and has its own cleaning function, realizing an efficient, simple, safe and stable water photovoltaic power generation system.

[0089] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the pending claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic cleaning and cooling linked photovoltaic tracking device, characterized in that: The photovoltaic tracking device comprises: Photovoltaic panels, the photovoltaic panels are used for photoelectric conversion; A mounting frame, the photovoltaic panel is fixedly mounted above the mounting frame; Floating bodies, distributed along the circumference of the mounting frame, floating on the water surface below the mounting frame, and providing support for the mounting frame in a direction perpendicular to the water surface; wherein the floating bodies are airbags, each of which is provided with at least an air inlet and an air outlet, wherein the air inlet is connected to a buoyancy regulator via a first air guide tube; and the airbags are four, including: a first airbag, a second airbag, a third airbag, and a fourth airbag; A buoyancy regulator, which is used to independently adjust the draft depth of the four airbags to form a relative height difference between the four airbags in the direction perpendicular to the water surface, so that the photovoltaic panel can track the incident angle of sunlight; In the initial state, the first airbag is only used to float the photovoltaic panel and is not used to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel. The second airbag is inflated at night, and the third airbag is inflated at night to tilt the photovoltaic panel to the east. When the sun comes out, the second airbag begins to deflate and the fourth airbag inflates, so that the photovoltaic panel rotates according to the change of sunlight angle to achieve tracking; After noon, the third airbag begins to deflate and the first airbag begins to inflate, causing the photovoltaic panel to rotate according to the change in sunlight angle to achieve tracking; A cooling hole is provided on the fixed steel truss facing the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel, and the first airbag, the second airbag, the third airbag and the fourth airbag are respectively connected to the cooling hole through a third air guide pipe; an exhaust valve is provided on the third air guide pipe; After noon, the second airbag continues to deflate, and the gas in the second airbag is discharged from the cooling hole through the third air duct to cool and clean the photovoltaic panel; A second air duct is provided between the first airbag and the third airbag, and between the second airbag and the fourth airbag, so that the first airbag and the fourth airbag can discharge gas to the third airbag and the second airbag respectively after sunset to achieve pressure balance; after pressure balance, excess gas in the first airbag and the fourth airbag is discharged from the cooling hole through the third air duct to clean the photovoltaic panel.

2. The automatic cleaning and cooling linked photovoltaic tracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting frame comprises: A fixed steel truss, the photovoltaic panel being fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the fixed steel truss; Support columns, there are N support columns, and the N support columns are distributed along the circumference of the fixed steel truss and correspondingly connected to the N floating bodies, wherein one end of each support column is connected to the lower surface of the fixed steel truss through a universal joint, and the other end is fixedly connected to the floating body.

3. The automatic cleaning and cooling linked photovoltaic tracking device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Two adjacent support columns are hinged via a hinged rod, and the two adjacent support columns can make relative displacement in a direction perpendicular to the water surface with respect to the hinged rod.

4. The automatic cleaning and cooling linked photovoltaic tracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first airbag and the third airbag, and the second airbag and the fourth airbag are respectively connected via a second air guide tube; The buoyancy regulator is an air pump, and the second air pipe, the first air pipe and the exhaust port are provided with exhaust valves.

5. The automatic cleaning and cooling linked photovoltaic tracking device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The photovoltaic tracking device further comprises: Photoresistors, at least two of which are disposed on the upper surface of the fixed steel truss, and are used to detect the incident angle of sunlight; a controller, configured to drive the air pump and the exhaust valve according to the detection data of the photoresistor; a pressure monitoring device, the pressure monitoring device being used to monitor the internal pressure of the airbag; The pressure monitoring device, the air pump, the photoresistor and the exhaust valve are electrically connected to the controller; the exhaust valve is a solenoid valve.

6. The automatic cleaning and cooling linked photovoltaic tracking device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The photovoltaic tracking device further comprises: The balancing weights are respectively arranged corresponding to the first airbag, the second airbag, the third airbag and the fourth airbag to maintain the stability of the photovoltaic panel.

7. The automatic cleaning and cooling linked photovoltaic tracking device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A secondary photovoltaic panel for performing photoelectric conversion on light reflected from the water surface is attached to the lower surface of the photovoltaic panel.

8. An automatic cleaning and cooling linked photovoltaic tracking system, characterized in that: The photovoltaic tracking system comprises several photovoltaic tracking devices according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the several photovoltaic tracking devices are arranged linearly or in a matrix to form the photovoltaic tracking system.

9. The automatic cleaning and cooling linked photovoltaic tracking system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The photovoltaic tracking device includes an active photovoltaic tracking device and a slave photovoltaic tracking device, and no less than two of the slave photovoltaic tracking devices are fixedly connected to the active photovoltaic tracking device through a connecting rod to form a tracking device group. Several of the tracking device groups are arranged linearly or in a matrix to form the photovoltaic tracking system; Two support columns on adjacent sides of two adjacent tracking device groups are connected by a hinged rod, and the two support columns can make relative displacement in a direction perpendicular to the water surface with respect to the hinged rod; The floating body below the driven photovoltaic tracking device remains constant; The supporting columns of the active photovoltaic tracking device or the driven photovoltaic tracking device on the periphery of the photovoltaic tracking system are connected to the fixed anchors via cables.

Images