A waterproof connection layer, preparation method, and special device for solar energy combined production of hydropower

Abstract

The present invention relates to the fields of solar photovoltaics and solar seawater purification, and specifically relates to a waterproof connection layer, a preparation method, and a special device for solar hydropower co-production. The waterproof connection layer is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer loaded with ceramic particles and / or carbon nanotubes; or a polydimethylsiloxane layer loaded with ceramic particles and / or carbon nanotubes; or a glass layer; or a plastic layer, and one side surface of this layer has a hydrophilic layer. Applying this waterproof connection layer to a solar hydropower co-production device further improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the top solar cell. The special device containing this waterproof connection layer can be applied to industrial photovoltaic power stations to increase the electrical energy output of the photovoltaic power station and produce purified water, and can also be used as a portable device for outdoor survival devices to provide electricity and water.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of solar photovoltaics and photothermal conversion technology, and particularly relates to a waterproof connection layer, a preparation method, and a special device for solar hydropower co-generation. Background Art

[0002] With the increase in the global population and the intensification of climate change, and the rapid social and economic development, people's demand for hydropower resources is increasing. However, the relationship between water and energy is intricate, and people usually obtain net water resources and electric energy resources in unrelated ways. When water and electricity are needed simultaneously, people require separate floor areas and infrastructure, thus resulting in higher costs and lower energy utilization rates.

[0003] In recent years, the photovoltaic industry has developed vigorously, the cost of solar cells has steadily decreased, and the conversion efficiency has gradually increased. Currently, the efficiency of single-stage solar cells is still below 30%, so that most of the sunlight energy (70%) is still wasted. For photovoltaic devices, after high-energy photons (higher than the bandwidth) are partially absorbed, they will all be dissipated in the form of heat (the thermalization heat that drops to the band edge). And low-energy photons (lower than the bandwidth) will not be utilized because they are trapped in the battery or pass through the battery. For the battery, the temperature increase caused by the thermalization heat will damage the working performance (efficiency or stability) of the battery.

[0004] In terms of seawater desalination, significant progress has been made in recent years in reducing costs and improving energy utilization. However, it should be noted that the water treatment technology of reverse osmosis membranes has approached the thermodynamic limit. For the further development of seawater desalination, cheap energy and environmental friendliness are still the two key issues of concern.

[0005] Photovoltaic technology and reverse osmosis membrane technology are currently the mainstream technologies for producing environmentally friendly electrical energy and clean water resources. The combination of photovoltaic and reverse osmosis membranes has become one of the important ways to continuously supply electrical energy and clean water resources simultaneously. This cascaded system first generates green electrical energy through photovoltaic technology, and then the electrical energy drives the reverse osmosis membrane to produce fresh water resources. However, the solar conversion efficiency of this cascaded system is limited by the Shockley-Queisser limit (33%) of single-stage photovoltaics. In addition, to establish such a combined system, separate floor areas need to be planned for the photovoltaic and reverse osmosis membrane systems, and different infrastructures need to be built, increasing the cost and complexity of the entire system. The co-production of water and electricity has attracted extensive attention, and researchers have also conducted many studies in the field of solar water and electricity production. Some work is carried out based on solar thermal technology. For example, simultaneous power generation using the salt concentration difference during seawater desalination, or simultaneous power generation using deformation. Although they have the same high solar light utilization rate as independent solar thermal conversion devices, the electricity production is not satisfactory, usually less than 1 W m under one sun intensity. -2 . Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve problems such as the waste of most solar energy in solar photovoltaic devices, the damage of thermal heat to the performance of photovoltaic devices, and the difficulty of simultaneously obtaining water and electricity, the present invention designs a waterproof connection layer, preparation method, and special device for solar water and electricity co-production. This device can utilize the full-spectrum sunlight to generate green electrical energy with the infrared transparent battery at the top and desalinate seawater or sewage with the solar water purification system at the bottom. We designed a waterproof connection layer (WTIL) in the top battery and the bottom purification system. This waterproof connection layer also has good heat transfer function, enabling the battery and the purification system to be cascaded and work together. Using this cascaded and collaborative water and electricity co-production device, under the illumination of one sun, an electrical energy output of 204 W m can be achieved (the power generation efficiency is increased by ~8% compared to the single power generation of the top battery), and at the same time, water can be purified at a rate of 0.8 kg m -2 to achieve a total solar energy utilization rate of 74.6%. -2 h -1

[0007] A waterproof connection layer for solar water and electricity co-production, characterized in that the waterproof connection layer is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer loaded with ceramic particles and / or carbon nanotubes; or a polydimethylsiloxane layer loaded with ceramic particles and / or carbon nanotubes; or a glass layer; or a plastic layer, and one side surface of this layer has a hydrophilic layer. Here, "this layer" refers to the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer loaded with ceramic particles and / or carbon nanotubes; or the polydimethylsiloxane layer loaded with ceramic particles and / or carbon nanotubes; or the glass layer; or the plastic layer. ​

[0008] Preferably, the waterproof connection layer is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer or a quartz glass layer loaded with three-dimensional carbon nanotubes, and one side surface of this layer has a hydrophilic layer.

[0009] Preferably, when the waterproof connection layer is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer loaded with three-dimensional carbon nanotubes, it is composed of a three-dimensional carbon nanotube thin film and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer thin film. The diameter of the three-dimensional carbon nanotubes is 200 - 400 nm, and the tube spacing of the three-dimensional carbon nanotubes is 200 - 500 nm; and / or, the thickness of the three-dimensional carbon nanotube thin film is 40 - 60 μm, and the thickness of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer thin film is 100 - 200 μm; or

[0010] The waterproof connection layer is preferably a quartz glass layer, and the thickness of the quartz glass layer is 10 - 500 μm.

[0011] More preferably, when the waterproof connection layer is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer loaded with three-dimensional carbon nanotubes, the diameter of the three-dimensional carbon nanotubes is 200 nm or 300 nm or 400 nm, and the tube spacing of the three-dimensional carbon nanotubes is 200 nm or 400 nm or 500 nm; and / or, the thickness of the three-dimensional carbon nanotube thin film is 40 μm or 50 μm or 60 μm, and the thickness of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer thin film is 100 μm or 150 μm or 200 μm; or

[0012] The waterproof connection layer is a quartz glass layer, and the thickness of the quartz glass is 250 μm.

[0013] Preferably, when the waterproof connection layer is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer loaded with three-dimensional carbon nanotubes, the preparation method of the waterproof connection layer includes the following steps:

[0014] (1) Bond the three-dimensional carbon nanotube thin film to the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer thin film;

[0015] (2) Vacuum-pressurize and heat the thin film obtained in step (1), and the heating temperature is 100 - 200 °C, and the pressurizing pressure is 1×10 4 -10×10 4 Pa;

[0016] (3) Surface-treat the surface of the three-dimensional carbon nanotube thin film in step (2) with plasma;

[0017] When the waterproof connection layer is a quartz glass layer, the preparation method of the waterproof connection layer includes the following steps: Treat at least one side surface of the quartz glass layer with an alkaline solution.

[0018] Preferably, a special device for a waterproof connection layer for solar energy - water and electricity co - production, characterized in that it comprises a solar photovoltaic device, the above - mentioned waterproof connection layer, and a water purification device, and the water purification device comprises a hydrophilic material layer and a water collection device;

[0019] One side of the waterproof connection layer with a hydrophilic layer is in contact with or connected to the hydrophilic material layer, and the other side of the waterproof connection layer is in contact with or connected to the solar photovoltaic device. The water collection device is arranged on the other side of the hydrophilic material layer, and the end of the hydrophilic material layer is connected to the water to be purified.

[0020] Preferably, the solar photovoltaic device is an infrared - transparent solar photovoltaic device.

[0021] Preferably, the solar photovoltaic device is a single - crystal silicon or poly - crystal silicon, gallium arsenide, CIGS, perovskite photovoltaic device.

[0022] Preferably, the hydrophilic material layer is a material layer comprising a carbon - based material; and / or

[0023] The water collection device is enclosed by the hydrophilic material layer.

[0024] Preferably, the hydrophilic material layer is a composite material layer of water - absorbent fiber and carbon - based material.

[0025] Preferably, the water - absorbent fiber is cotton fiber, viscose fiber and / or wood cellulose; the carbon - based material is graphene or carbon black particles.

[0026] Preferably, the preparation method of the hydrophilic material layer comprises the following steps:

[0027] (1) Ultrasonically disperse graphene oxide nanosheets or carbon black particles in water or ethanol, and the concentration of the graphene oxide nanosheets or carbon black particles is 2 - 10 mg / ml;

[0028] (2) Coat the solution obtained in step (1) on the water - absorbent fiber;

[0029] (3) Heat the material obtained in step (2) under vacuum conditions, and the heating temperature is 50 - 200 °C.

[0030] Furthermore, the water collection device is composed of a copper cup or other metal containers.

[0031] The present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0032] The present invention uses the clean and renewable energy of solar energy to drive the upper - layer photovoltaic device to generate electricity, and at the same time drives the process of seawater or sewage desalination in the lower part;

[0033] After the upper photovoltaic device absorbs solar energy to generate electricity, the heat generated by the additional harmful batteries is conducted through the waterproof connection layer to the lower water purification device to purify water; by using the waterproof connection layer of the present invention, the preparation method is simple and the heat transfer effect is better; by using an infrared transparent battery, the infrared band light energy transmitted through the battery can also be absorbed by the water purification device to jointly promote water purification; therefore, in this invention, the temperature of the upper photovoltaic device is reduced and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved. The hydrophilic material layer is selected as a material layer containing a carbon-based material and combined with a water-absorbing fiber at the same time, which can improve the stability of the hydrophilic material to absorb water and has a better water absorption effect; among them, the hydrophilic material layer covers and seals the container opening of the water collection device to avoid the leakage of water vapor; the preparation method of the water-absorbing material layer of the present invention using a composite material layer composed of a water-absorbing fiber and a carbon-based material is simple and has a better water absorption and heat absorption effect; by setting a hydrophilic layer on the waterproof connection layer, the water can be further brought closer to the battery, and the waste heat can be better absorbed; the present invention realizes the co-production of electricity and water by using solar energy, which can not only be applied to industrial photovoltaic power stations to increase the electricity output of photovoltaic power stations and simultaneously produce net water resources, but also be used as a portable device for outdoor survival support devices to provide electricity and water. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the device of the present invention

[0035] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the top solar cell structure of the device of the present invention

[0036] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the waterproof connection layer of the device of the present invention

[0037] Figure 4 Structure diagram of the bottom hydrophilic material layer of the device of the present invention

[0038] Figure 5 Volt-ampere characteristic curve of silicon cells working independently and in series

[0039] Figure 6 Curve diagram of the evaporation rate change in the bottom water desalination device in the present invention.

[0040] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the perovskite solar cell used in the present invention

[0041] Figure 8 Volt-ampere characteristic curve of perovskite cells working independently and in series

[0042] Figure 9 Stability curve of perovskite cells working independently and in series

[0043] Figure 10 Effect diagram of water purification when treating seawater

[0044] Figure 11 Effect diagram of water purification for industrial sewage

[0045] Figure 12 Effect diagram of water purification for domestic sewage

[0046] Figure 13 SEM image of the cross-section of the waterproof connection layer prepared in Example 1

[0047] 1 - Solar photovoltaic device; 2 - Waterproof connection layer; 3 - Hydrophilic material layer; 4 - Water collection device; 5 - External load; 6 - Water source to be treated. Detailed implementation manners

[0048] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0049] The model of the vacuum oven instrument used in the embodiment is DZF-6020. All raw materials are purchased from the market unless otherwise specified.

[0050] Example 1:

[0051] The present invention designs a solar power and water co-generation device ( Figure 1 ) that can generate electrical energy and obtain net water resources simultaneously under sunlight. This device designed by the present invention includes a solar photovoltaic device 1, a waterproof connection layer 2, a hydrophilic material layer 3, a water collection device 4, and an external load 5 arranged in sequence on the top layer. The external load 5 is an electrical electronic component.

[0052] The solar photovoltaic device 1 is an infrared transparent silicon cell. We soak an 180-μm P-type silicon wafer in a potassium hydroxide solution for texturing to create random pyramid structures on both the upper and lower surfaces of the silicon wafer. Subsequently, p+ and n+ layers are prepared using thermal diffusion technology. Immediately afterwards, an 80-nm-thick SiNx layer is deposited on both sides of the cell by PECVD technology as an effective surface passivation layer and an antireflection layer on the upper surface. Finally, silver grid lines are fabricated on both sides of the cell by screen printing. The schematic diagram of the cell structure is as follows Figure 2 shown.

[0053] The described waterproof connection layer 2 is composed of a composite of three-dimensional carbon nanotubes and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) film (3D-CNT-EVA), as Figure 3。We attach the three-dimensional carbon nanotube film to the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) film. The diameter of the three-dimensional carbon nanotubes can be between 200 and 400 nm, the tube spacing of the three-dimensional carbon nanotubes can be between 200 and 500 nm, and the thickness of the three-dimensional carbon nanotube film can be between 40 and 60 μm; the thickness of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film used can be between 100 and 200 μm. In this embodiment, the diameter of the three-dimensional carbon nanotubes is 300 nm, the tube spacing of the three-dimensional carbon nanotubes is 200 nm, the thickness of the three-dimensional carbon nanotube film is 40 μm; the thickness of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film used is 100 μm. After the two films are attached, they are sandwiched between two Teflon plates, pressurized and placed in a vacuum oven for heating for 1 hour, and the heating temperature is 140 °C. Here, the heating temperature can be within the range of 100-200 °C. The pressurizing pressure is 3×10 4 Pa, and finally the VACNT-EVA film is obtained. Subsequently, this composite film is placed in the cavity of a plasma cleaner, with the 3D-CNT side facing up, and then the 3D-CNT side is sputtered with an oxygen-activated gas plasma to make it hydrophilic. Subsequently, the EVA side is attached to the bottom surface of the battery, and hot-pressed at 140 degrees for 30 minutes to tightly connect this waterproof connection layer and the battery. And because of its hydrophilicity, VACNT can be tightly connected to the underlying solar water purification system. The obtained waterproof connection layer 2 is as Figure 13 shown, and it can be seen that the three-dimensional carbon nanotube film and the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film are tightly attached to each other. Figure 13 The experimental conditions are SEM; FEI Helios Nanolab600i.

[0054] The hydrophilic material layer 3 is composed of a composite of reduced graphene oxide and non-woven fabric fibers (viscose fibers). We disperse graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets in deionized water and ultrasonicate for two hours to prepare a GO solution of 2-5 mg ml -1 . In this embodiment, the prepared solution is an aqueous solution of 3 mg ml -1 . Subsequently, we use a spray gun to spray the GO solution on the preheated non-woven fabric fibers to prepare a fiber material covered with GO. Finally, we put the entire GO-modified fiber material into a vacuum oven and reduce it at 120-200 degrees Celsius for 12 hours to obtain an r-GO fiber composite. From the optical photos ( Figure 4 the first row, where 4a is before spraying and 4b is after spraying), it can be seen that the color of the fiber material turns black after spraying. We can also see from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) that the r-GO nanosheets can be evenly attached to the fiber material ( Figure 4 the second row, where 4c is before spraying and 4d is after spraying).

[0055] Meanwhile, the heat exported by the battery and the infrared energy of the solar energy are absorbed and utilized by the hydrophilic material layer in the lower water purification device, driving the sewage on the pump water fiber to evaporate into hot water vapor. The hot water vapor will further diffuse into the pure water container under the seat and condense into potable pure water on the cooler container wall.

[0056] As Figure 1 shown, the EVA hydrophobic layer of the waterproof connection layer 2 is closely connected to the battery, the VACNT layer of the waterproof connection layer 2 is located below and is attached to the hydrophilic material layer 3, and the end of the hydrophilic material layer 3 contacts the water source 6 to be treated to absorb the water source 6 to be treated, and a water collection device 4 is arranged at the bottom of the hydrophilic material layer 3. During operation, due to its water absorption property, the hydrophilic material layer 3 continuously absorbs water to the part where the hydrophilic material layer 3 is attached to the waterproof connection layer 2. When the silicon solar cell absorbs light energy and converts it into electrical energy, excess thermal heat will be generated. At the same time, since the silicon solar cell used in this patent is an infrared transparent cell, the excess heat is conducted through the waterproof connection layer 2 to the hydrophilic material layer 3. The hydrophilic material layer 3 not only can pump water but also has excellent heat absorption ability, so that the water absorbed by the hydrophilic material layer 3 evaporates quickly. The evaporated water vapor encounters the wall of the water collection device 4 downward and condenses into water when it gets cold, dripping into the water collection device 4.

[0057] For silicon solar cells, the thermal heat will increase the cell temperature, which will in turn affect the energy conversion efficiency of the cell during actual operation. In the present invention, the thermal heat in the cell is utilized by the bottom water purification device through the waterproof connection layer 2, so that the top solar cell 1 can be effectively cooled. When the operating temperature of the silicon solar cell 1 decreases, the photoelectric efficiency can be significantly improved. We compare the temperature and power generation performance of the silicon cell when it works independently with the temperature and power generation performance of the silicon cell in the silicon cell and water evaporation series system of the present invention. At the equilibrium state (the cell temperature is stable), under 1 sun and 1.5 suns, when the silicon cell works independently, its surface temperature reaches 50 °C and 62 °C respectively. While in the series-type hydropower co-generation device, under 1 sun and 1.5 suns, at the equilibrium state, the cell surface temperatures are 39 °C and 44 °C respectively. Under 1 sun and 1.5 suns, the present invention can reduce the cell surface temperature by 11 °C and 18 °C respectively. We also measured the electrical characteristic curves ( Figure 5 ), and it can be seen that the performance of the silicon solar cell has been significantly improved. The measurement results are shown in the following table:

[0058]

[0059] As can be seen from this table, in the series hydropower co-generation system, the silicon solar cell is effectively cooled, which effectively increases the open-circuit voltage, improves the fill factor, and finally significantly improves its energy conversion efficiency. It increases from 18.9% to 20.4% under 1 sun, and from 18% to 20.2% under 1.5 suns. Generally speaking, for every 1% increase in the efficiency of a solar cell, the cost can be reduced by 7%, and its effect on cost reduction is quite significant.

[0060] We can use the present invention to achieve water purification under sunlight. Figure 6 The water evaporation curves of the device of the present invention under different sunlight intensities (0.5, 1, 1.5 suns) are shown. The abscissa is time, and the ordinate is the mass change caused by net evaporation (that is, under sunlight irradiation, the mass reduction of the system due to evaporation minus the mass reduction of the system due to evaporation without light irradiation). Under 0.5, 1, and 1.5 suns, the net evaporation amounts of the system are 0.39, 0.80, and 1.25 kgm -2 h -1 respectively; the photothermal conversion efficiencies are 53.3%, 54.2%, and 56.8%. Here, the conversion efficiency is calculated by the formula: The photothermal-steam conversion efficiency η is usually calculated by the following formula: where is the net photo-induced evaporation rate m Light and m Dark are the evaporation rates under light irradiation and in the dark field (without light irradiation) respectively; h lv is the enthalpy change from water to water vapor (changing with temperature, including latent heat and sensible heat); P in is the incident sunlight intensity.

[0061] We also calculated the total solar energy utilization rate of this device. Under 1 sun, the total utilization efficiency is the sum of the photovoltaic efficiency and the light-steam efficiency, which is 74.6%.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] The present invention designs a solar hydropower co-generation device ( Figure 1 ), which can generate electric energy and obtain net water resources simultaneously under sunlight irradiation. This device designed by the present invention includes a top-layer solar photovoltaic device 1, a waterproof connection layer 2, a hydrophilic material layer 3, a water collection device 4, and an external load 5.

[0064] The solar cell is a pin-structured lead-tin perovskite solar cell that can transmit sunlight in the infrared band. The preparation method is as follows. First, a layer of electron transport layer (TiO2 nanocrystals) is prepared on a transparent conductive glass (ITO) by spin coating. The transparent conductive glass coated with the electron transport layer is annealed on a hot plate for 20 minutes, taken off and cooled to room temperature. Then, a layer of perovskite light absorption layer material (lead-tin halide) is spin-coated on it and annealed at 100 degrees for 10 minutes. Then, a hole transport layer is prepared on the substrate with the perovskite light absorption layer material. The electron transport layer is C60 / BCP. The schematic diagram of the battery with this structure is shown as Figure 7 shown.

[0065] The waterproof connection layer 2 described above uses transparent quartz glass with a thickness of 10 - 500 μm. In this embodiment, 200-μm transparent quartz glass is used. We place the quartz glass in a Teflon container and add a NaOH solution with a certain concentration. After alkali treatment for 1 - 6 hours, it is washed with water and placed in a drying oven to dry for 1 - 2 hours to make it have good hydrophilicity. Subsequently, the alkali-treated glass is attached to the bottom surface of the perovskite solar cell, and the periphery of the glass and the perovskite solar cell device is encapsulated with an adhesive (epoxy resin), tightly connecting this waterproof connection layer and the battery. And the alkali-treated glass has good hydrophilicity and can be tightly connected to the underlying solar water purification system.

[0066] The hydrophilic material layer 3 is composed of composite of nanoscale carbon black (CB) particles and non-woven fabric fibers. We disperse the carbon black particles in ethanol and ultrasonicate for 1 hour to prepare a CB solution of 5 mg / ml. -1 Subsequently, we use a spray gun to spray the CB solution on the preheated non-woven fabric fibers and dry it on a heating table at 50 - 150 degrees Celsius to prepare a fiber material covered with CB.

[0067] For perovskite solar cells, the thermalization heat will increase the battery temperature, which will seriously affect the energy conversion efficiency and stability of the battery during actual operation. In the present invention, the thermalization heat in the battery is utilized by the bottom water evaporation and desalination device through the waterproof connection layer 2, so that the top solar cell can be effectively cooled. When the working temperature of the perovskite solar cell decreases, the photoelectric efficiency and stability can be significantly improved. We compare the temperature and power generation performance of the perovskite battery when it works independently with the temperature and power generation performance of the perovskite cell in the perovskite battery and water evaporation series system of the present invention. At the equilibrium state (the battery temperature is stable), under 1 sun, when the perovskite solar cell works independently, its surface temperature reaches 63 °C respectively. While in the series hydropower co-generation device, under 1 sun, at the equilibrium state, the battery surface temperature is 40 °C respectively. Under 1 sun, the present invention can reduce the battery surface temperature by 23 °C respectively. We also measured the electrical characteristic curves of both Figure 8) It can be seen that during the operation of the (series) perovskite solar cell in the system of the present invention, the open-circuit voltage and fill factor are significantly improved, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is also greatly enhanced, as shown in the following table:

[0068]

[0069] Meanwhile, the stability of the perovskite solar cell is greatly improved ( Figure 9 ). Under one sun, when the perovskite solar cell operates independently, its energy conversion efficiency (PCE) will significantly decrease only after 60 seconds, while in the cascaded hydroelectric co-generation device, under one sun, its energy conversion efficiency can remain unchanged for 3000 seconds without significant decrease.

[0070] Example 3:

[0071] We can use the device of the present invention to purify different types of water sources (seawater, industrial sewage, and bacterially contaminated water). The seawater is taken from the Bohai Sea. After purification, the ionic concentrations of the main ions sodium, magnesium, calcium, and boron ions will decrease by at least three orders of magnitude ( Figure 10 ), all meeting the requirements of the World Health Organization's potable water. For industrial sewage (simulated preparation: containing five different ions, 300 mg / L -1 nickel ions, 300 mg / L -1 copper ions, 300 mg / L -1 lead ions, 100 mg / L -1 zinc ions, and 100 mg / L -1 chromium ions), after purification with the device, the concentrations can also meet the standards of potable water ( Figure 11 ). For water contaminated with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, simulated preparation (concentrations are 5×10 7 CFU / ml and 5×10 6 CFU / ml), through water purification, the bacteria can be completely removed (as Figure 12 ).

[0072] Example 4

[0073] The waterproof connection layer 2 is composed of a composite of three-dimensional carbon nanotubes and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) film (3D-CNT-EVA), as Figure 3。We laminated a three-dimensional carbon nanotube film onto an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) film. In this embodiment, the three-dimensional carbon nanotubes had a tube diameter of 200 nm, a tube spacing of 400 nm, and the three-dimensional carbon nanotube film had a thickness of 50 μm; the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film used had a thickness of 150 μm. After laminating the two films, they were sandwiched between two Teflon plates, pressurized and placed in a vacuum oven for heating for 1 hour at a heating temperature of 100 °C. The pressurizing pressure was 1×10 4 Pa, and finally a VACNT-EVA film was obtained. Subsequently, this composite film was placed in the cavity of a plasma cleaner with the 3D-CNT side facing up, and then the 3D-CNT side was sputtered with an oxygen-activated gas plasma to make it hydrophilic. Subsequently, the EVA side was laminated onto the bottom surface of the battery and hot-pressed at 120 degrees for 30 minutes to tightly connect this waterproof connection layer to the battery. And due to its hydrophilicity, VACNT can be tightly connected to the underlying solar water purification system.

[0074] Example 5

[0075] The waterproof connection layer 2 is composed of a composite of three-dimensional carbon tubes and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) film (3D-CNT-EVA), as Figure 3 。We laminated a three-dimensional carbon nanotube film onto an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) film. In this embodiment, the three-dimensional carbon nanotubes had a tube diameter of 400 nm, a tube spacing of 500 nm, and the three-dimensional carbon nanotube film had a thickness of 60 μm; the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film used had a thickness of 200 μm. After laminating the two films, they were sandwiched between two Teflon plates, pressurized and placed in a vacuum oven for heating for 1 hour at a heating temperature of 200 °C. The pressurizing pressure was 10×10 4 Pa, and finally a VACNT-EVA film was obtained. Subsequently, this composite film was placed in the cavity of a plasma cleaner with the 3D-CNT side facing up, and then the 3D-CNT side was sputtered with an oxygen-activated gas plasma to make it hydrophilic. Subsequently, the EVA side was laminated onto the bottom surface of the battery and hot-pressed at 160 degrees for 30 minutes to tightly connect this waterproof connection layer to the battery. And due to its hydrophilicity, VACNT can be tightly connected to the underlying solar water purification system.

Claims

1. A waterproof connection layer for solar photovoltaic - thermal - water co - production, where solar photovoltaic - thermal - water co - production means that after using solar energy to drive the upper - layer photovoltaic device to generate electric energy, the thermal heat of the additional harmful batteries is conducted through the waterproof connection layer between the photovoltaic device and the water purification device to the lower - layer water purification device to purify water. Characterized in that: The waterproof connection layer is an ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer layer loaded with three - dimensional carbon nanotubes; or a quartz glass layer, and one side surface of the waterproof connection layer has a hydrophilic layer.

2. The waterproof connection layer according to claim 1, Characterized in that: The waterproof connection layer is an ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer layer loaded with three - dimensional carbon nanotubes, which is composed of a three - dimensional carbon nanotube thin film and an ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer thin film. The diameter of the three - dimensional carbon nanotubes is 200 - 400 nm, and the tube spacing of the three - dimensional carbon nanotubes is 200 - 500 nm; and / or, the thickness of the three - dimensional carbon nanotube thin film is 40 - 60 μm, and the thickness of the ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer thin film is 100 - 200 μm; or The waterproof connection layer is a quartz glass layer, and the thickness of the quartz glass layer is 10 - 500 μm.

3. The waterproof connection layer according to claim 2, Characterized in that: The waterproof connection layer is an ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer layer loaded with three - dimensional carbon nanotubes. The diameter of the three - dimensional carbon nanotubes is 200 nm or 300 nm or 400 nm, and the tube spacing of the three - dimensional carbon nanotubes is 200 nm or 400 nm or 500 nm; and / or, the thickness of the three - dimensional carbon nanotube thin film is 40 μm or 50 μm or 60 μm, and the thickness of the ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer thin film is 100 μm or 150 μm or 200 μm; or The waterproof connection layer is a quartz glass layer, and the thickness of the quartz glass is 250 μm.

4. A preparation method of the waterproof connection layer for solar photovoltaic - thermal - water co - production according to any one of claims 1 - 3, Characterized in that: When the waterproof connection layer is an ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer layer loaded with three - dimensional carbon nanotubes, the preparation method of the waterproof connection layer includes the following steps: (1) Bond the three - dimensional carbon nanotube thin film to the ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer thin film; (2) Heat the film obtained in step (1) under vacuum and pressure, with the heating temperature being 100 - 200 °C and the applied pressure being 1×10 4 - 10×10 4 Pa; (3) Perform surface hydrophilic treatment on the three - dimensional carbon nanotube thin film surface in step (2) with plasma to obtain a hydrophilic layer; Or, When the waterproof connection layer is a quartz glass layer, the preparation method of the waterproof connection layer includes the following steps: Perform hydrophilic treatment on at least one side surface of the quartz glass layer with an alkaline solution to obtain a hydrophilic layer.

5. A special device for the waterproof connection layer for solar photovoltaic - thermal - water co - production, Characterized in that: It includes a solar photovoltaic device (1), the waterproof connection layer (2) according to any one of claims 1 - 4, and a water purification device. The water purification device includes a hydrophilic material layer (3) and a water collection device (4); One side of the waterproof connection layer (2) having a hydrophilic layer is in contact with or connected to the hydrophilic material layer (3), and the other side of the waterproof connection layer (2) is in contact with or connected to the solar photovoltaic device (1). The end of the hydrophilic material layer (3) is connected to the water to be purified.

6. The special device according to claim 5, wherein, the solar photovoltaic device (1) is an infrared transparent solar photovoltaic device.

7. The special device according to claim 5, wherein, the solar photovoltaic device (1) is a single crystal silicon or polycrystalline silicon, gallium arsenide, CIGS, perovskite photovoltaic device.

8. The special device according to claim 5, wherein, the hydrophilic material layer (3) is a material layer including a carbon-based material; and / or the water collection device (4) is enclosed by the hydrophilic material layer (3).

9. The special device according to claim 8, wherein, the hydrophilic material layer (3) is a material layer including a composite layer of water-absorbing fibers and a carbon-based material.

10. The special device according to claim 9, wherein, the water-absorbing fibers are cotton fibers, viscose fibers and / or wood cellulose; the carbon-based material is graphene oxide or carbon black particles.

11. The special device according to claim 5, wherein, the preparation method of the hydrophilic material layer (3) comprises the following steps: (1) Ultrasonically disperse graphene oxide or carbon black particles in water or ethanol, and the concentration of the graphene oxide or carbon black particles is 2-10 mg / ml; (2) Coat the solution obtained in step (1) on the water-absorbing fibers; (3) Heat the material obtained in step (2) under vacuum conditions, and the heating temperature is 50-200 °C.

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