A special-shaped electromagnetic unit, array and application

Abstract

The present invention discloses a special-shaped electromagnetic unit, array and application, including: a support body and a spirally wound wire arranged on the support body; the support body includes a base surface that can be spliced ​​with the surface on the adjacent support body to form a plane and an edge side surface located on the same side of the base surface and the orthographic projection to the base surface falls into the base surface; winding ends that are perpendicular to the surface and protruding are formed on the base surface and the edge side surface; the wire is spirally wound on the winding end and energized to form a magnetic field perpendicular to the surface where the winding end is located; the magnetic field formed by the energized coil on the edge side surface is oriented to the inside / outside of the support body, and forms an enhancement effect on the same magnetic pole direction and same magnetic pole strength of the magnetic field generated by the energized coil on the base surface. This electromagnetic unit can enhance the magnetic field above the base surface, and the enhancement effect is obvious, the increase is uniform, and the controllability is strong. Moreover, the cost can be controlled according to actual needs, and the preparation is flexible and controllable. In addition, the electromagnetic unit has a wide range of applications and high versatility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electromagnetic technology, and in particular to a special-shaped electromagnetic unit, an array and applications. Background Art

[0002] An electromagnet is a device that generates a magnetic field when a coil is energized. Generally, a conductive winding that matches its power is wound around the outside of the iron core. This coil with current flowing through it exhibits magnetism like a magnet. The iron core is usually made into a bar or hoof shape to make it easier to magnetize. And in order to make the magnetism of the electromagnet disappear after the power is turned off, the iron core is usually made of soft magnetic materials that demagnetize quickly. Therefore, the electromagnet exhibits magnetism when the power is turned on, and the magnetism disappears after the power is turned off. Electromagnets are extremely widely used in daily life, and their invention has also greatly improved the power of generators.

[0003] The characteristics of the electromagnet are mainly reflected in the winding method. For example, the Chinese invention patent "Manufacturing method of figure-8 stacked coils" has an application number of 201280024276.2. The function of the figure-8 coil is that it can be directly wound into a NS combination suspension track using this winding method, such as the technology used in the track of the Japanese superconducting train. The figure-8 coil forms two magnetic poles, N and S. This ends the process of manufacturing a coil part with an axis by stacking rectangular wires in the axial direction. Although in the coil manufacturing process, the process for measuring the length of the wire retained in the connecting part may not be required, thereby greatly reducing the number of manufacturing processes. However, for special-shaped electromagnetic units with multiple surfaces, such as the figure-8 coil, it only realizes the basic magnetic force generation, and it is difficult to reflect the magnetic concentration effect and the effect of unilateral magnetic enhancement. Summary of the invention

[0004] A technical solution provided by the present invention is a special-shaped electromagnetic unit, which has the advantage of enhancing the magnetic field strength above the substrate surface, and can replace permanent magnets, reducing the amount of rare earth materials used to achieve the effect of reducing costs.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a special-shaped electromagnetic unit having multiple surfaces, wherein each coil generates a magnetic field perpendicular to the surface on each surface, and these magnetic fields are superimposed and converged on each other so that the magnetic flux lines converge on the base surface of the core material to achieve the effect of enhancing the end face magnetic field strength.

[0006] Specifically, it includes: a support body, which is a polyhedron, and a plurality of surfaces of the support body are provided with spirally wound wires.

[0007] The support body is in the shape of a polyhedron, and the support bodies can be spliced ​​together to finally realize a spliced ​​plane. Therefore, the support body mainly presents a base surface, and the support bodies are spliced ​​in the same direction.

[0008] The other side surfaces on the support are the edge side surfaces, and the characteristic of the edge side surfaces is that when the edge side surfaces are projected onto the base surface, the projection of the edge side surfaces needs to fall within the range of the base surface. Specifically, the edge side surfaces are inclined to form a peak, that is, the edge side surfaces or the extension of the edge side surfaces have a common intersection, then the projection of the edge side surfaces onto the base surface is a projection area (such as a tetrahedron or a pentagonal pyramid).

[0009] The base surface and the edge side are both formed with winding ends protruding perpendicular to the surface, and the wire is wound on the winding ends, and the wire is spirally wound along the protruding direction of the winding ends. Therefore, based on the support of the winding ends, the wire is spirally coiled and energized to form a magnetic field perpendicular to the base surface / edge side.

[0010] Therefore, based on the shape of the support body, a basic N / S magnetic field can be formed on the base surface, and at the same time, various magnetic fields can also be formed on the side surfaces.

[0011] According to the right-hand screw rule, when the current directions of the coils on the base surface and the edge side surface correspond to each other, the magnetic field generated by the edge side surface coil will have a certain enhancement effect on the magnetic field of the base surface coil. That is, the magnetic field formed by the energized coil on the edge side surface has its magnetic flux lines converge toward the inside of the support body and pass through the base surface, and the direction is the same as the magnetic field generated by the base surface coil, so as to achieve the effect of enhancing the magnetic field strength of the base surface.

[0012] For example, when the current on the substrate surface flows in a clockwise direction, a magnetic field with an N pole "entering" the substrate surface is generated on the substrate surface. If, at this time, the current on the left edge side surface flows in a relatively clockwise direction within the surface, a magnetic field with an N pole "entering" the edge side surface and toward the inside of the support body will be formed on the left edge side surface. The same is true for other edge side surfaces, and each edge side surface can form an independent magnetic field for enhancing the magnetic field on the substrate surface.

[0013] As we all know, the enhancement of the magnetic field needs to be judged based on the magnetic field lines. The external magnetic field lines of the substrate surface flow from its N pole to the S pole. In principle, the closer the direction between the two is, the better the enhancement effect. If the directions are opposite, there will be a cancellation. From the actual effect, the best effect is achieved when the inclination angle between the edge side and the substrate surface is 40-65°, and the support is relatively simple to prepare.

[0014] If it is a pyramid, such as a quadrangular pyramid. Then, the side faces are inclined to the base surface, and theoretically, the enhancement effect brought by the side faces to the base surface will be better than the above situation. Moreover, for the base surface, each side face has its own orientation, so when they form an amplification, the strength on the base surface is also different. Obviously, the effect of uniform amplification and uniform distribution of orientation angles is more ideal. Corresponding to the shape of the support body, that is, the support body with uniform inclination angles of the side faces, uniform number of side faces and orientation angles, has a more ideal effect. Of course, more importantly, the plan also needs to consider the difficulty of preparing the support body, as well as the assembly requirements of the support body, etc.

[0015] According to the principle of the above solution, the corresponding wires need to be electrically connected on the support body, so the connection relationship and routing requirements of the wires on each surface need to be set.

[0016] The most direct and convenient method is to set the wires on each surface independently. Then, each surface has an input terminal and an output terminal, which makes the wiring confusing and the layout unsightly. However, the independent electrical connections will not cause the entire power supply to be cut off due to a line fault on a single surface.

[0017] Therefore, according to the principle of "enhancing the magnetic field on one side" of this scheme, at least one edge side surface is required to generate a magnetic field amplification of the base surface. Therefore, at least one wire on the edge side surface is connected in parallel with the wire on the base surface, and the other surfaces can be arranged in series or in parallel.

[0018] The arrangement of the direction of the wires on the support body can be surface arranged, that is, the wires are routed through the surface of the support body and transitionally connected from the bends of each structure. The advantage of this is that the support body does not need to have holes, the structure is simple, and the preparation is convenient. But the disadvantage is that the surface wire ends are messy, and it is easy to cause infection and confusion. Further, the wire routing is implemented through the inside of the support body. Specifically, the inside of the support body includes routing paths leading to the base surface and each edge side surface respectively, and the routing paths pass through the center of each surface. The wire is spirally coiled with the outlet of the routing path as the center, and is spirally coiled according to the contour shape of the base surface or edge side surface on which it is located.

[0019] In order to increase the magnetic field on each surface, the conductor on the winding end includes three conductor layers arranged in parallel, and the three layers of conductors are stacked according to the same winding track.

[0020] The support also includes a main line for connecting the power line, and the main line is connected to the wiring path. Generally, the main line is opened from the top corner to the center of the support, for example, in the case of a tetrahedral support, the main line is opened from the common intersection of the edge side to the base surface.

[0021] The support body can be made of non-magnetic structural parts, or highly magnetic soft magnetic materials, or hard magnetic materials with magnetization in a certain direction. The use of non-magnetic structural parts will not generate heat due to magnetic field saturation, but the enhancement of the magnetic field is limited; the use of magnetic soft magnetic structures can excite the concentrated magnetic field, making the magnetic field enhancement amplitude stronger, but it will also cause more serious heating due to the saturation problem of soft magnetic materials; the use of hard magnetic materials with magnetization in a specific direction can make the increased magnetic field obtain more superposition components, making the magnetic field of the enhanced surface stronger, but it will also cause the magnetic field of the hard magnetic material to demagnetize due to the magnetic field generated by the current passing through the coils on other surfaces.

[0022] Based on the above electromagnetic generation principle, it is implemented as an electromagnet array, where:

[0023] The first unit has a magnetic field direction on its base surface such that the magnetic force lines are emitted toward the outside of the support body, and a magnetic field direction on its edge side surface such that the magnetic force lines are converged toward the inside of the support body.

[0024] The direction of the magnetic field on the base surface of the second unit is that the magnetic force lines are emitted toward the inside of the support body, and the direction of the magnetic field on the edge side surface is that the magnetic force lines diverge toward the outside of the support body.

[0025] The first unit and the second unit are arranged at intervals to form an array, and the adjacent support bodies are arranged in an array in a planar manner with their base surfaces spliced ​​together, and the directions of the magnetic fields on the base surfaces of the adjacent support bodies are opposite.

[0026] The mounting chassis includes sequentially arranged mounting grooves, in which the first unit / second unit is mounted. The mounting groove includes a groove wall that contacts the end faces of each winding end on the special-shaped electromagnetic unit, and a quadrangular pyramid support body, and the mounting groove is also a quadrangular pyramid chamber, and the end faces of each support body correspond to the relative groove wall.

[0027] The special-shaped electromagnetic unit is connected / fixed by contacting the end face of the winding end with the corresponding slot wall. Specifically, it can be fixed by the cooperation of the screw hole on the end face and the screw, or it can be connected by gluing the end face and the slot wall.

[0028] During the electromagnetic generation process, when a pulse current is applied, the first unit and the second unit produce alternating magnetic field changes, and the magnetic field on the base surface of each unit is strengthened by the magnetic field on the side surfaces of each edge.

[0029] This solution further protects the application of the special-shaped electromagnetic unit array, which is mainly reflected in the formation of an electromagnetic track through a triangular electromagnet array. Through the splicing of the first unit and the second unit array, because the first unit and the second unit are both triangular in cross-section, the first unit and the second unit are spliced ​​forward and backward, and the base surfaces on the first unit and the second unit are spliced ​​in sequence to form a reinforcement surface with the magnetic force direction facing outward, and the spiral circles on the other sides form a Halbach array-style side magnetic field reinforcement.

[0030] The track is spliced ​​by an array of special-shaped electromagnetic units, which are installed in the above-mentioned transfer chassis and fixed by a frame to form a fixed arrangement. Based on the Halbach array, the track can form a magnetic reinforcement on the track surface, making the magnetic levitation track extremely feasible.

[0031] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0032] 1. It can enhance the magnetic field on one side, and the enhancement effect is obvious, the increase is uniform, and the controllability is strong.

[0033] 2. The production process is simple, the cost can be controlled according to actual needs, and the preparation is flexible and controllable.

[0034] 3. It has a wide range of applications and can be used in various fields. The product has high versatility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0036] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional diagram of a special-shaped electromagnetic unit;

[0037] Figure 2 It is the expansion diagram of the special-shaped electromagnetic unit;

[0038] Figure 3 It is the magnetic field principle diagram of the special-shaped electromagnetic unit;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of a special-shaped electromagnetic unit array;

[0040] Figure 5 This is the schematic diagram of the magnetic levitation track with figure-8 winding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] Example 1

[0042] The shape of a quadrangular pyramid is adopted, and coils are arranged on each face. The magnetic field generated by the coils is perpendicular to the plane. Since the magnetic field generated by the coils on each face will generate a large electromagnetic pulling force, a support body needs to be added to the core for support.

[0043] At the same time, since the wire winding on each surface needs to form a standard magnetic field and magnetic field strength. Therefore, the wire winding needs to be wound in a solenoid-like manner at a spiral angle as much as possible. As shown in the figure, a winding end that is perpendicular to the surface and protrudes is formed on each surface, and the wire is wound on the winding end, and the wire is wound in a spiral along the protruding direction of the winding end. Therefore, based on the support of the winding end, the wire is spirally coiled and energized to form a magnetic field perpendicular to the surface where the winding end is located.

[0044] The support body can be made of non-magnetic structural parts, or highly magnetic soft magnetic materials, or hard magnetic materials with magnetization in a certain direction. The use of non-magnetic structural parts will not generate heat due to magnetic field saturation, but the enhancement of the magnetic field is limited; the use of magnetic soft magnetic structures can excite the concentrated magnetic field, making the magnetic field enhancement amplitude stronger, but it will also cause more serious heating due to the saturation problem of soft magnetic materials; the use of hard magnetic materials with magnetization in a specific direction can make the increased magnetic field obtain more superposition components, making the magnetic field of the enhanced surface stronger, but it will also cause the magnetic field of the hard magnetic material to demagnetize due to the magnetic field generated by the current passing through the coils on other surfaces.

[0045] Except for the enhanced magnetic field of the base surface which is perpendicular to the plane and outward, the magnetic fields generated by the other edge surfaces converge inward. As shown in Figure 3, the magnetic lines of force generated by the edge surfaces will have an effect on the magnetic field of the base surface.

[0046] Embodiment 2:

[0047] A quadrangular pyramid structure is adopted, the bottom surface is rectangular, the other four surfaces are triangular, and the preferred inclination angle of the triangular surface is in the range of 40° to 65°.

[0048] A winding end protruding perpendicular to the surface is formed on each surface of the quadrangular pyramid, and a conductor is wound on the winding end, and the conductor is spirally wound along the protruding direction of the winding end. Therefore, based on the support of the winding end, the conductor is spirally coiled and energized to form a magnetic field perpendicular to the surface where the winding end is located.

[0049] like Figure 1 and 3 As shown, the magnetic field of the triangular surface converges inward, and the rectangle at the bottom is the target surface for enhancing the magnetic field. The inclination angles of the four triangular surfaces can maximize the magnetic field convergence effect.

[0050] Specifically, it also involves the layout of the line direction, etc. In this embodiment, Figure 1 and 3 As shown, Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the electromagnetic unit with a tetrahedral structure. Figure 2 The following is a schematic diagram of its open state. Figure 2 and 3, the main line is opened at the common intersection of the four edge sides, that is, at the vertex. The main line runs vertically and directly leads to the hole in the center of the base surface. The wires on the base surface are arranged in a counterclockwise spiral according to a square trajectory. The wires directly transition from the side to the left edge side. On the edge side, the wires are arranged in a clockwise spiral according to a triangular trajectory. The wires gradually wind around the center of the edge side. The center of the edge side is the hole of the routing channel. The wires pass through the routing channel to the right edge side opposite to the edge side. Pass through the routing channel hole in the center of the right edge side, and the wires are arranged in a clockwise spiral according to a triangular trajectory. Transition from the adjacent side to the upper edge side, the wires are arranged in a clockwise spiral according to a triangular trajectory on the upper edge side and gradually wind around the hole in the center of the edge side, and enter from the hole to the lower edge side opposite to the edge side. The wire passes through the hole in the center of the lower edge side, and the wires are arranged in a clockwise spiral according to a triangular trajectory. Finally, the wires are connected along the center line of the surface.

[0051] Based on the above wiring arrangement, a magnetic field with the N pole penetrating into the "paper" direction is formed on the base surface, and each edge side generates a magnetic field with the N pole facing the inside of the support body (such as Figure 2 As shown, the direction of the edge side opening is from the bottom to the plane).

[0052] The support body is preferably made of soft magnetic materials, such as Permalloy, SMC powder metallurgy, etc. The core material can be easily wired internally by drilling through holes, and the coils on each plane can be connected through the through holes in the middle, which is equivalent to connecting the coils on each plane in parallel, greatly reducing the heat generated by excessive series resistance.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] The Halbach array is an array structure of special-shaped electromagnetic units. It is arranged in a special magnetizing direction to achieve the effect of superimposing the magnetic flux lines of the permanent magnets on one side and canceling them on the other side. As a result, the array permanent magnets can enhance the magnetic field on one side while weakening the magnetic field on the other side. In other words, it is a special structure that can achieve the convergence of the magnetic field to increase the density of the magnetic flux lines on one side.

[0055] The special-shaped electromagnetic units need to be fixed in the array, so an assembly chassis needs to be designed to place them.

[0056] The mounting chassis includes mounting grooves arranged in sequence, and the special-shaped electromagnetic units are mounted in the mounting grooves. The mounting grooves include groove walls that abut against the end faces of the winding ends on the special-shaped electromagnetic units. If the support body is a cube, the mounting groove is also a cube cavity, and the end faces of the support body correspond to the relative groove walls. If the support body is a quadrangular pyramid, the mounting groove is also a quadrangular pyramid cavity, and the end faces of the support body correspond to the relative groove walls.

[0057] like Figure 4 and 5 As shown, if the electromagnetic unit of this solution is used to perform the Halbach array, not only can the magnetic field focusing effect of the Halbach array be realized, but also it is not dependent on rare earth resources, making the magnetic levitation track extremely feasible.

[0058] The embodiments of the present invention are only illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the technology may modify or change the above embodiments without violating the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special-shaped electromagnetic unit, comprising: A support body, and a wire helically wound and arranged on the support body; characterized in that: The support body comprises a base surface and an edge side surface located on the same side of the base surface and whose orthographic projections to the base surface fall into the base surface; winding ends protruding perpendicular to the surface are formed on the base surface and the edge side surface; wherein the base surfaces on adjacent support bodies are spliced ​​to form a plane; A conductor is wound on a winding end of a base surface or an edge side surface, and a magnetic field perpendicular to the base surface or the edge side surface is formed by energizing the conductor; the conductor is wound in a spiral along a protruding direction of the winding end; The magnetic field formed by the energized coil on the edge side faces the inside or outside of the support body and forms an enhancement of the same magnetic pole strength as the magnetic field generated by the energized coil on the base surface.

2. The special-shaped electromagnetic unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The current spiral directions at the winding ends on the edge side are all the same.

3. The special-shaped electromagnetic unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support body includes wiring paths inside which lead to the base surface and each edge side surface respectively.

4. The special-shaped electromagnetic unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive lines on at least one edge side are connected in parallel with the conductive lines on the base surface.

5. The special-shaped electromagnetic unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wire at the winding end is a wire layer in which multiple strands are wound in parallel.

6. The special-shaped electromagnetic unit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The support body includes a main line channel connected to the power line, and the main line channel is connected to the wiring channel.

7. The special-shaped electromagnetic unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional profile of the winding end is the same as the profile shape of the base surface or edge side surface where it is located.

8. The special-shaped electromagnetic unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support body can be selected from: non-magnetic structural parts, soft magnetic material parts with high magnetic conductivity, and hard magnetic material parts with a definite magnetizing direction.

9. An array of special-shaped electromagnetic units according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of support bodies are arranged in an array so that the base surfaces of adjacent support bodies are spliced ​​to form a plane; the magnetic fields on the base surfaces of adjacent support bodies are generated in opposite directions; characterized in that: include: The first unit has a magnetic field direction on the winding end of the base surface such that the magnetic force lines are emitted toward the outside of the support body, and a magnetic field direction on the edge side such that the magnetic force lines are converged toward the inside of the support body; The direction of the magnetic field on the winding end of the second unit is that the magnetic lines of force are emitted toward the inside of the support body, and the direction of the magnetic field on the edge side is that the magnetic lines of force diverge toward the outside of the support body; The assembly chassis includes sequentially arranged mounting grooves, in which the first unit or the second unit is assembled; the mounting grooves include groove walls that abut against the end faces of the winding ends on the special-shaped electromagnetic units; the special-shaped electromagnetic units are connected or fixed to the corresponding groove walls through the end faces of the winding ends.

10. A structure using the array of special-shaped electromagnetic units according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first unit and the second unit are combined into a track; the track includes a frame for fixing the first unit and the second unit; the frame is spliced ​​together by an assembly chassis; the track includes: a magnetic reinforcement surface spliced ​​together by an array of base surfaces on multiple first units and second units.

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