A fuel cell gas supply system based on turbocharging and its control method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fuel cell gas supply system based on turbocharging, comprising a hydrogen supply unit, an air supply unit, a common connecting shaft, a fuel cell stack, and a controller; the controller is respectively connected to the hydrogen supply unit and the air supply unit, and the hydrogen supply unit and the air supply unit are respectively connected to the fuel cell stack pipeline; the hydrogen supply unit includes a turbine, and the air supply unit includes a compressor, and the turbine and the compressor are connected via a common connecting shaft. The present invention respectively installs a turbine and a compressor in the hydrogen supply unit and the air supply unit of the fuel cell, utilizes the high-pressure hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source configured by the fuel cell engine to drive the turbine to perform work, converts the kinetic energy and pressure potential energy of the high-pressure hydrogen into mechanical energy, and transmits it to the compressor via the common connecting shaft, thereby pre-pressurizing the air in the air pipeline and reducing the power demand of the air compressor, thereby improving the overall power output efficiency of the fuel cell engine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell gas supply systems, and in particular relates to a turbocharging-based fuel cell gas supply system and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell engine consists of a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen system, an air system, and auxiliary systems. The air system provides air with a certain pressure and humidity to the fuel cell stack, while the hydrogen system provides hydrogen with a certain pressure and humidity to the fuel cell stack.

[0003] The air system generally uses an air compressor to pressurize the air to the required pressure. The air compressor is driven by the electricity in the fuel cell engine and consumes 12%-30% of the fuel cell's output power, which has a significant impact on the overall efficiency of the engine. In addition, the hydrogen source in the hydrogen system can provide hydrogen with an absolute pressure of up to 30-50 MPa. The multi-stage pressure reducing device in the hydrogen pipeline reduces the pressure to an absolute pressure of about 2 bar before supplying it to the fuel cell stack, wasting a lot of energy in the process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell gas supply system based on turbocharging, which solves the energy loss problem during the decompression process of hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen source to the fuel cell stack and the power consumption problem of the air compressor.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a control method for a fuel cell gas supply system based on turbocharging.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a turbocharging-based fuel cell gas supply system, which includes a hydrogen supply unit, an air supply unit, a common connecting shaft, a fuel cell stack, and a controller; the controller is communicatively connected to the hydrogen supply unit, the air supply unit, and the common connecting shaft, respectively; the hydrogen supply unit and the air supply unit are respectively connected to the fuel cell stack pipeline, and the hydrogen supply unit and the air supply unit are mechanically connected via the common connecting shaft;

[0007] The hydrogen supply unit includes a turbine, the air supply unit includes a compressor, and the turbine and the compressor are connected via a common connecting shaft.

[0008] Preferably, the hydrogen supply unit further includes a high-pressure hydrogen storage container, a hydrogen three-way solenoid valve, a first hydrogen pressure sensor, a first one-way valve, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen flow regulating valve, a second one-way valve and a second hydrogen pressure sensor; the hydrogen outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage container is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the turbine through the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve, and is connected to the air inlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve in another way; the hydrogen outlet of the turbine is connected to the air inlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve through the first one-way valve, the air outlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve is connected to the air inlet of the hydrogen flow regulating valve, and the air outlet of the flow regulating valve is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack through the second one-way valve; the first hydrogen pressure sensor is arranged on the hydrogen pipeline between the turbine and the first one-way valve, and the second hydrogen pressure sensor is arranged on the hydrogen pipeline between the second one-way valve and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0009] Preferably, the air supply unit includes an air filter, a first air three-way solenoid valve, a first air pressure sensor, a second air three-way solenoid valve, an air compressor, an intercooler, a humidifier and a second air pressure sensor; the air outlet of the air filter is connected to the air inlet of the compressor on one side after passing through the first air three-way solenoid valve, and is connected to the air inlet of the air compressor on the other side; the air outlet of the compressor is connected to the air inlet of the air compressor on one side after passing through the second air three-way solenoid valve, and is connected to the air inlet of the intercooler together with the air outlet of the air compressor on the other side; the air outlet of the intercooler is connected to the air inlet of the humidifier, and the air outlet of the humidifier is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack; the first air pressure sensor is arranged on the air pipeline between the compressor and the first air three-way solenoid valve, and the second air pressure sensor is arranged on the air pipeline between the humidifier and the air inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0010] Preferably, the common connecting shaft is a mechanical transmission device with a gear variable speed function, which includes a speed controller.

[0011] Preferably, the controller is used to receive the hydrogen pressure signal on the hydrogen pipeline of the hydrogen supply unit and the air pressure signal on the air pipeline of the air supply unit, and send opening direction instructions to the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve, the first air three-way solenoid valve and the second air three-way solenoid valve, send opening instructions to the hydrogen pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen flow regulating valve to control the pressure on the hydrogen pipeline, send switching instructions to the common connecting shaft and the air compressor and adjust the speed of the two to control the pressure on the air pipeline.

[0012] Preferably, the controller is connected to the first hydrogen pressure sensor, the second hydrogen pressure sensor, the first air pressure sensor and the second air pressure sensor respectively through a low-pressure signal line to receive pressure signals from the pressure sensors; is connected to the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve, the first air three-way solenoid valve and the second air three-way solenoid valve respectively through a low-pressure switch control line to send opening direction instructions to them; is connected to the hydrogen pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen flow regulating valve respectively through a low-pressure control line to control the opening of the two; is connected to the speed controller of the common connecting shaft through a low-pressure control line to control the speed of the common connecting shaft; is connected to the air compressor through a low-pressure switch control line to send switching instructions to it and sends a pulse width modulation signal to the air compressor through a PWM control mechanism to regulate the speed of the air compressor motor.

[0013] A control method for a fuel cell gas supply system based on turbocharging specifically comprises the following steps:

[0014] S1, the controller calculates the hydrogen pressure threshold P required at the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack H0 , and at the same time, start the hydrogen supply unit;

[0015] S2, read the current hydrogen pressure value P of the hydrogen supply unit H1 , according to the hydrogen pressure threshold P H0 and the current hydrogen pressure value P H1 The relationship between the size of controls the working state of the hydrogen supply unit; specifically:

[0016] S21, judge P H1 -P H0 >ΔP H Is it established? If so, go to S22, otherwise go to S23;

[0017] S22, by reducing the current pressure value P of the hydrogen supply unit H1 , so that P H1 =P H0 +ΔP H , and enter S3 at the same time;

[0018] S23, by increasing the current pressure value P of the hydrogen supply unit H1 , so that P H1 =P H0 +ΔP H Then return to S21 to continue judging P H1 -P H0 >ΔP H whether it is established;

[0019] Where ΔP H is the minimum pressure drop value on the hydrogen pipeline between the hydrogen outlet of the turbine and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack;

[0020] S3, the controller calculates the air pressure threshold P required at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack A0 , and at the same time, turn on the air supply unit;

[0021] S4, read the current air pressure value P of the air supply unit A1 , according to the air pressure threshold P A0 With the current air pressure value P A1 The size relationship controls the working state of the air supply unit.

[0022] Preferably, in said S4, the air pressure threshold value P A0 With the current air pressure value P A1 The size relationship controls the working state of the air supply unit, specifically:

[0023] S41, judge P A1 -P A0 >ΔP A Is it established? If so, go to S42, otherwise go to S43;

[0024] S42, by reducing the current pressure value P of the air supply unit A1 , so that P A1 =P A0 +ΔP A ;

[0025] S43, by increasing the current pressure value P of the air supply unit A1 , so that P A1 =P A0 +ΔP A ;

[0026] Where ΔP A It is the minimum pressure drop value on the air pipeline between the air outlet of the compressor through the air compressor and the air inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0027] Preferably, in said S22, the current pressure value P of the hydrogen supply unit is reduced. H1 , so that P H1 =P H0 +ΔP H , specifically:

[0028] Keep the first valve of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve in the open state, and adjust the opening of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen flow regulating valve to make P H1 =P H0 +ΔP H ; Among them, the first valve of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve is a valve connecting the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve and the turbine intake pipe.

[0029] Preferably, in said S23, the current pressure value P of the hydrogen supply unit is increased. H1 , so that P H1 =P H0 +ΔP H , specifically:

[0030] Open the second valve of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve, and adjust the opening of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen flow regulating valve to make P H1 =P H0 +ΔP H ; Among them, the second valve of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve is a valve connecting the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve and the hydrogen pressure reducing valve inlet pipe;

[0031] At the same time, open the second valve of the first air three-way solenoid valve and the air compressor, close the second air three-way solenoid valve, and adjust the speed of the air compressor to make the detection value of the second air pressure sensor and the air pressure threshold P A0 Equal; where the air pressure threshold P A0 The controller calculates the required air pressure threshold at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0032] Preferably, in said S42, the current pressure value P of the air supply unit is reduced. A1 , so that P A1 =P A0 +ΔP A , specifically:

[0033] Open the second valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve and adjust the speed of the common connecting shaft to make P A1 =P A0 +ΔP A ; Among them, the second valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve is a valve connecting the second air three-way solenoid valve and the intercooler intake pipe.

[0034] Preferably, in said S43, the current pressure value P of the air supply unit is increased. A1 , so that P A1 =P A0 +ΔP A , specifically:

[0035] Open the first valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve and the air compressor to pressurize the air and adjust the speed of the air compressor to make P A1 =P A0 +ΔP A ; Among them, the first valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve is a valve connecting the second air three-way solenoid valve and the air compressor intake pipe.

[0036] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention respectively installs a turbine and a compressor in the hydrogen supply unit and the air supply unit of the fuel cell, uses the high-pressure hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source configured by the fuel cell engine to drive the turbine to do work, converts the kinetic energy and pressure potential energy of the high-pressure hydrogen into mechanical energy, and then transmits it to the compressor through a common connecting shaft, thereby pre-pressurizing the air in the air pipeline and reducing the power demand of the air compressor, thereby effectively improving the overall power output efficiency of the fuel cell engine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a turbocharging-based fuel cell gas supply system provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 A flow chart of a control method for a fuel cell gas supply system based on turbocharging provided in Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent as the description proceeds. However, the embodiments are merely exemplary and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the details and forms of the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and that such modifications and replacements fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] In addition, numerous specific details are provided in the following detailed description to better illustrate the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be practiced without these specific details. In other embodiments, well-known methods, processes, components, and circuits are not described in detail in order to highlight the main points of the present invention.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a fuel cell gas supply system based on turbocharging, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a hydrogen supply unit 1, an air supply unit 2, a common connecting shaft 3, a fuel cell stack 4 and a controller 5; the controller 5 is communicatively connected to the hydrogen supply unit 1, the air supply unit 2 and the common connecting shaft 3 respectively, the hydrogen supply unit 1 and the air supply unit 2 are respectively connected to the fuel cell stack 4 by pipelines, and the hydrogen supply unit 1 and the air supply unit 2 are mechanically connected via the common connecting shaft 3;

[0043] The hydrogen supply unit 1 includes a turbine 13, and the air supply unit 2 includes a compressor 23. The turbine 13 and the compressor 23 are connected via a common connecting shaft 3.

[0044] Thus, with the above structure, the hydrogen supply unit 1 provides hydrogen at a certain pressure to the fuel cell stack 4, and the turbine 13 converts the kinetic energy and pressure potential energy of the high-pressure hydrogen into mechanical energy, which is then transmitted to the compressor 23 of the air supply unit 2 via the common connecting shaft 3;

[0045] The air supply unit 2 provides air with a certain pressure and humidity to the fuel cell stack 4. The compressor 23 converts the mechanical energy transmitted from the common connecting shaft 3 into the kinetic energy and pressure potential energy of the air, thereby achieving a first-stage pressurization of the air.

[0046] The hydrogen supply unit 1 further includes a high-pressure hydrogen storage container 11, a hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12, a first hydrogen pressure sensor 14, a first one-way valve 15, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16, a hydrogen flow regulating valve 17, a second one-way valve 18 and a second hydrogen pressure sensor 19; the hydrogen outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 11 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the turbine 13 through the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12, and the other is connected to the air inlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16. The hydrogen outlet of the turbine 13 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the turbine 13 through the first one-way solenoid valve 12. The one-way valve 15 is connected to the air inlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16, the air outlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 is connected to the air inlet of the hydrogen flow regulating valve 17, the air outlet of the flow regulating valve 17 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 1 via the second one-way valve 18, the first hydrogen pressure sensor 14 is provided on the hydrogen pipeline between the turbine 13 and the first one-way valve 15, and the second hydrogen pressure sensor 19 is provided on the hydrogen pipeline between the second one-way valve 18 and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 4;

[0047] The air supply unit 2 further includes an air filter 21, a first air three-way solenoid valve 22, a first air pressure sensor 24, a second air three-way solenoid valve 25, an air compressor 26, an intercooler 27, a humidifier 28 and a second air pressure sensor 29; the air outlet of the air filter 21 passes through the first air three-way solenoid valve 22 and is connected to the air inlet of the compressor 23 on one side, and the other side is connected to the air inlet of the air compressor 26 on the other side. The air outlet of the compressor 23 passes through the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 and is connected to the air inlet of the air compressor 26 on the other side. One line is connected to the air inlet of the air compressor 26, and the other line and the air outlet of the air compressor 26 are connected to the air inlet of the intercooler 27. The air outlet of the intercooler 27 is connected to the air inlet of the humidifier 28, and the air outlet of the humidifier 28 is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack 1. The first air pressure sensor 24 is provided on the air pipeline between the compressor 23 and the first air three-way solenoid valve 25, and the second air pressure sensor 29 is provided on the air pipeline between the humidifier 28 and the air inlet of the fuel cell stack 4;

[0048] The turbine 13 of the hydrogen supply unit 1 and the compressor 23 of the air supply unit 2 are connected via a common connecting shaft 3 .

[0049] Preferably, the common connecting shaft 3 is a mechanical transmission device with a gear variable speed function, which includes a speed controller.

[0050] In the above scheme, the controller 5 is used to receive hydrogen pressure signals at different positions on the hydrogen pipeline of the hydrogen supply unit 1 and air pressure signals at different positions on the air pipeline of the air supply unit 2, send opening direction instructions to the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12 in the hydrogen supply unit 1 and the first air three-way solenoid valve 22 and the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 in the air supply unit 2, send opening instructions to the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 and the hydrogen flow regulating valve 17 of the hydrogen supply unit 1 to control the pressure on the hydrogen pipeline, send switching instructions to the common connecting shaft 3 and the air compressor 26 in the air supply unit 2 and adjust the speed of the two to control the pressure on the air pipeline.

[0051] In the above scheme, the gas outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 11 of the hydrogen supply unit 1 is connected to the gas inlet of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12 through a pipeline, the first gas outlet of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12 is connected to the gas inlet of the turbine 13 through a pipeline, the second gas outlet of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12 is connected to the gas inlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the turbine 13 is connected to the gas inlet of the first one-way valve 15 through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the first one-way valve 15 is connected to the gas inlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 is connected to the gas inlet of the hydrogen flow regulating valve 17 through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the hydrogen flow regulating valve 17 is connected to the gas inlet of the second one-way valve 18 through a pipeline, and the gas outlet of the second one-way valve 18 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 4 through a pipeline, thereby forming a hydrogen supply pipeline for the fuel cell stack 4.

[0052] In the above scheme, the air outlet of the air filter 21 of the air supply unit 2 is connected to the air inlet of the first air three-way solenoid valve 22 through a pipe, the first air outlet of the first air three-way solenoid valve 22 is connected to the air inlet of the compressor 23 through a pipe, the second air outlet of the first air three-way solenoid valve 22 is connected to the air inlet of the air compressor 26 through a pipe, the air outlet of the compressor 23 is connected to the air inlet of the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 through a pipe, the first air outlet of the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 is connected to the air inlet of the air compressor 26 through a pipe, the second air outlet of the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 is connected to the air inlet of the intercooler 27 through a pipe, the air outlet of the air compressor 26 and the air inlet of the intercooler 27 are connected through a pipe, the air outlet of the intercooler 27 and the air inlet of the humidifier 28 are connected through a pipe, and the air outlet of the humidifier 28 is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack 4 through a pipe, thereby forming an air supply pipeline for the fuel cell stack 4.

[0053] Specifically, the controller 5 is connected to the first hydrogen pressure sensor 14 and the second hydrogen pressure sensor 19 of the hydrogen supply unit 1 and the first air pressure sensor 24 and the second air pressure sensor 29 of the air supply unit 2 through a low-pressure signal line to receive pressure signals from the pressure sensors; is connected to the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12 of the hydrogen supply unit 1 and the first air three-way solenoid valve 22 and the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 of the air supply unit 2 through a low-pressure switch control line to send opening direction instructions to them; is connected to the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 and the hydrogen flow regulating valve 17 of the hydrogen supply unit 1 through a low-pressure control line to control the opening degrees of the two; is connected to the speed controller of the common connecting shaft 3 through a low-pressure control line to control the speed of the common connecting shaft 3; is connected to the air compressor 26 of the air supply unit 2 through a low-pressure switch control line to send switching instructions to it and sends a pulse width modulation signal to the air compressor 26 through a PWM control mechanism to regulate the speed of the air compressor motor.

[0054] Working process: The turbocharging-based fuel cell gas supply system of this embodiment has two working modes, namely turbocharging mode and normal gas supply mode:

[0055] In the turbocharging mode, the controller 5 opens the first valve of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12 in the hydrogen supply unit 1 so that the hydrogen delivery path is: high-pressure hydrogen storage container 11 → hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12 → turbine 13 → first hydrogen pressure sensor 14 → first one-way valve 15 → hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 → hydrogen flow regulating valve 17 → second one-way valve 18 → second hydrogen pressure sensor 19 → fuel cell stack 4, thereby forming a hydrogen supply path that meets the fuel cell power output gas pressure requirements; at the same time, the controller 5 opens the first valve of the first air three-way solenoid valve 22 of the air supply unit 2. If the fuel cell stack 4 has a low power output or is in an idling state with a low air pressure requirement, the second valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 is opened to make the air The air delivery path is: air filter 21 → first air three-way solenoid valve 22 → compressor 23 → first air pressure sensor 24 → second air three-way solenoid valve 25 → intercooler 27 → humidifier 28 → second air pressure sensor 29 → fuel cell stack 4. If the power output of the fuel cell stack 4 is large at this time, the first valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 and the air compressor 26 are opened to make the air delivery path: air filter 21 → first air three-way solenoid valve 22 → compressor 23 → first air pressure sensor 24 → second air three-way solenoid valve 25 → air compressor 26 → intercooler 27 → humidifier 28 → second air pressure sensor 29 → fuel cell stack 4, thereby forming an air supply path that meets the gas pressure requirements of the fuel cell power output;

[0056] During this process, the high-pressure hydrogen performs work on the turbine 13 when flowing through it, thereby converting its own kinetic energy and pressure potential energy into mechanical energy and transmitting it to the compressor 23 through the common connecting shaft 3. At the same time, the compressor 23, driven by the common connecting shaft 3, performs work on the air entering the compressor, thereby converting the received mechanical energy into the kinetic energy and pressure potential energy of the air to achieve a first-stage boost in the air flow. This reduces the power requirement of the air compressor 26 for the second-stage boost in the air flow, thereby improving the power output efficiency of the entire fuel cell engine.

[0057] In the normal gas supply mode, the controller 5 opens the second valve of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12 in the hydrogen supply unit 1 so that the hydrogen delivery path is: high-pressure hydrogen storage container 11 → hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12 → hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 → hydrogen flow regulating valve 17 → second one-way valve 18 → second hydrogen pressure sensor 19 → fuel cell stack 4; at the same time, the controller 5 opens the second valve of the first air three-way solenoid valve 22 and the air compressor 26 of the air supply unit 2 and closes the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 so that the air delivery path is: air filter 21 → first air three-way solenoid valve 22 → air compressor 26 → intercooler 27 → humidifier 28 → second air pressure sensor 29 → fuel cell stack 4;

[0058] The controller 5 adjusts the opening of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 and the hydrogen flow regulating valve 17 to provide hydrogen that meets the pressure requirements for the power output of the fuel cell stack 4. At the same time, it sends a pulse width modulation signal to the air compressor 26 through the PWM control mechanism to regulate the speed of the air compressor motor to provide air that meets the pressure requirements for the power output of the fuel cell stack 4.

[0059] In the above process, the first valve of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12 is a valve connecting the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12 and the air intake pipe of the turbine 13, and the second valve of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12 is a valve connecting the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12 and the air intake pipe of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve pipe 16; the second valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 is a valve connecting the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 and the air intake pipe of the intercooler 27, and the first valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 is a valve connecting the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 and the air intake pipe of the air compressor 26.

[0060] This embodiment installs a turbine and a compressor in the hydrogen supply unit and the air supply unit of the fuel cell respectively, and uses the high-pressure hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source configured for the fuel cell engine to drive the turbine to perform work. The kinetic energy and pressure potential energy of the high-pressure hydrogen are converted into mechanical energy and then transmitted to the compressor through a common connecting shaft, thereby pre-pressurizing the air in the air pipeline and reducing the power demand of the air compressor, thereby effectively improving the overall power output efficiency of the fuel cell engine.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a control method for a fuel cell gas supply system based on turbocharging, such as Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0063] S1, the controller 5 calculates the hydrogen pressure threshold P required at the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 4 H0 , and simultaneously start the hydrogen supply unit 1;

[0064] S2, read the current hydrogen pressure value P of hydrogen supply unit 1 H1 , according to the hydrogen pressure threshold P H0 and the current hydrogen pressure value P H1 The magnitude relationship controls the working state of the hydrogen supply unit 1; specifically:

[0065] S21, judge P H1 -P H0 >ΔP H Is it established? If so, go to S22, otherwise go to S23;

[0066] S22, by reducing the current pressure value P of the hydrogen supply unit 1 H1 , so that P H1 =P H0 +ΔP H Specifically: keep the first valve 12 of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve in the open state, by adjusting the opening of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 and the hydrogen flow regulating valve 17 so that P H1 =P H0 +ΔP H , and enter S3 at the same time; wherein, the first valve of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12 is a valve connecting the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12 and the turbine inlet pipe 13;

[0067] The controller 5 keeps the first valve of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12 in the hydrogen supply unit 1 in the open state, allowing the high-pressure hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 11 to enter the turbine 13 and perform work on it, thereby converting the kinetic energy and pressure potential energy of the high-pressure hydrogen into mechanical energy with a certain torque and transmitting it to the compressor 23 of the air supply unit 2 through the common connecting shaft 3. Then, by adjusting the opening of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 and the hydrogen flow regulating valve 17, the P H1 =P H0 +ΔP H ;

[0068] S23, by increasing the current pressure value P of the hydrogen supply unit 1 H1 , so that P H1 =P H0 +ΔP HSpecifically: open the second valve 12 of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve, by adjusting the opening of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 and the hydrogen flow regulating valve 17 to make P H1 =P H0 +ΔP H ;

[0069] At the same time, enter S24, open the second valve of the first air three-way solenoid valve and the air compressor, close the second air three-way solenoid valve, and adjust the speed of the air compressor to make the detection value of the second air pressure sensor and the air pressure threshold P A0 Equal; where the air pressure threshold P A0 The controller calculates the required air pressure threshold at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack, and then returns to S21 to continue to determine P H1 -P H0 >ΔP H Is it established; wherein the second valve of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12 is a valve connecting the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12 and the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 inlet pipe;

[0070] The controller 5 opens the second valve of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve 12 in the hydrogen supply unit 1, so that the hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 11 directly enters the fuel cell stack 4 through the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 and the hydrogen flow regulating valve 17, and adjusts the opening of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 and the hydrogen flow regulating valve 17 to adjust the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 and the hydrogen flow regulating valve 17. H1 =P H0 +ΔP H ;

[0071] Where ΔP H The minimum pressure drop on the hydrogen pipeline between the hydrogen outlet of the turbine and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack;

[0072] S3, the controller calculates the air pressure threshold P required at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack 4 A0 , and at the same time, open the air supply unit 2;

[0073] Specifically, the controller 5 opens the first valve of the first air three-way solenoid valve 22 in the air supply unit 2, allowing the ambient air to pass through the air filter 21 and then enter the compressor 23. The controller 5 converts the mechanical energy generated by the turbine 13 in the hydrogen supply unit 1 transmitted by the compressor through the common connecting shaft 3 into the kinetic energy and pressure potential energy of the air, thereby achieving a first-stage pressurization of the air. Then, the controller 5 calculates the air pressure threshold value P required at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack 4 according to the power output requirement of the fuel cell. A0 ;

[0074] S4, read the current air pressure value P of the air supply unit 2 A1 , according to the air pressure threshold P A0 With the current air pressure value PA1 The magnitude relationship controls the working state of the air supply unit 2; specifically:

[0075] S41, judge P A1 -P A0 >ΔP A Is it established? If so, go to S42, otherwise go to S43;

[0076] S42, by reducing the current pressure value P of the air supply unit 2 A1 , so that P A1 =P A0 +ΔP A Specifically: open the second valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 and adjust the speed of the common connecting shaft 3 so that P A1 =P A0 +ΔP A ; Among them, the second valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 is a valve connecting the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 and the intercooler 27 intake pipe;

[0077] The controller 5 opens the second valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 and adjusts the speed of the common connecting shaft 3 so that the pressure value (P A1 )Satisfies: P A1 =P A0 +ΔP A ;

[0078] S43, by increasing the current pressure value P of the air supply unit 2 A1 , so that P A1 =P A0 +ΔP A Specifically: open the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 of the first valve and the air compressor, the air is pressurized and by adjusting the speed of the air compressor 26 to make P A1 =P A0 +ΔP A ; Among them, the first valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 is a valve connecting the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 and the air compressor 26 inlet pipe;

[0079] The controller 5 opens the first valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 and the air compressor 26, starts the secondary pressurization of the air and adjusts the speed of the air compressor 26 to make the pressure value (P A1 )Satisfies: P A1 =P A0 +ΔP A ;

[0080] Where ΔP AIt is the minimum pressure drop value on the air pipeline between the air outlet of the compressor, through the air compressor and the air inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0081] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A fuel cell gas supply system based on turbocharging, characterized in that: It includes a hydrogen supply unit, an air supply unit, a common connecting shaft, a fuel cell stack and a controller; the controller is communicatively connected to the hydrogen supply unit, the air supply unit and the common connecting shaft respectively, the hydrogen supply unit and the air supply unit are respectively connected to the fuel cell stack pipeline, and the hydrogen supply unit and the air supply unit are mechanically connected via the common connecting shaft; The hydrogen supply unit includes a turbine, and the air supply unit includes a compressor. The turbine and the compressor are connected through a common connecting shaft; the common connecting shaft is a mechanical transmission device with a gear variable speed function; the hydrogen supply unit further includes a high-pressure hydrogen storage container, a hydrogen three-way solenoid valve, a first hydrogen pressure sensor, a first one-way valve, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen flow regulating valve, a second one-way valve and a second hydrogen pressure sensor; the hydrogen outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage container is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the turbine through the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve, and the other is connected to the air inlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve. The hydrogen outlet of the turbine is connected to the air inlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve through the first one-way valve, the air outlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve is connected to the air inlet of the hydrogen flow regulating valve, and the air outlet of the flow regulating valve is connected to the fuel cell through the second one-way valve. The hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, the first hydrogen pressure sensor is arranged on the hydrogen pipeline between the turbine and the first one-way valve, and the second hydrogen pressure sensor is arranged on the hydrogen pipeline between the second one-way valve and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack; the air supply unit includes an air filter, a first air three-way solenoid valve, a first air pressure sensor, a second air three-way solenoid valve, an air compressor, an intercooler, a humidifier and a second air pressure sensor; the air outlet of the air filter is connected to the air inlet of the compressor after passing through the first air three-way solenoid valve, and the other is connected to the air inlet of the air compressor, the air outlet of the compressor is connected to the air inlet of the air compressor after passing through the second air three-way solenoid valve, and the other is connected to the air inlet of the intercooler together with the air outlet of the air compressor, and the air outlet of the intercooler is connected to the air inlet of the humidifier.

2. A fuel cell gas supply system based on turbocharging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air outlet of the humidifier is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack. The first air pressure sensor is arranged on the air pipeline between the compressor and the first air three-way solenoid valve. The second air pressure sensor is arranged on the air pipeline between the humidifier and the air inlet of the fuel cell stack.

3. A fuel cell gas supply system based on turbocharging according to claim 2, characterized in that: The controller is used to receive a hydrogen pressure signal on the hydrogen pipeline of the hydrogen supply unit and an air pressure signal on the air pipeline of the air supply unit, and send opening direction instructions to the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve, the first air three-way solenoid valve and the second air three-way solenoid valve, send opening instructions to the hydrogen pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen flow regulating valve to control the pressure on the hydrogen pipeline, send switching instructions to the common connecting shaft and the air compressor and adjust the speed of the two to control the pressure on the air pipeline.

4. A fuel cell gas supply system based on turbocharging according to claim 3, characterized in that: The controller is connected to the first hydrogen pressure sensor, the second hydrogen pressure sensor, the first air pressure sensor and the second air pressure sensor through a low-pressure signal line to receive pressure signals from the pressure sensors; is connected to the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve, the first air three-way solenoid valve and the second air three-way solenoid valve through a low-pressure switch control line to send opening direction instructions to them; is connected to the hydrogen pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen flow regulating valve through a low-pressure control line to control the opening of the two; is connected to the speed controller of the common connecting shaft through the low-pressure control line to control the speed of the common connecting shaft; is connected to the air compressor through the low-pressure switch control line to send switching instructions to it, and sends a pulse width modulation signal to the air compressor through a PWM control mechanism to regulate the speed of the air compressor motor.

5. A control method for a turbocharged fuel cell gas supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1, the controller calculates the hydrogen pressure threshold PH0 required at the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack and simultaneously turns on the hydrogen supply unit; S2, read the current hydrogen pressure value PH1 of the hydrogen supply unit, and control the working state of the hydrogen supply unit according to the relationship between the hydrogen pressure threshold PH0 and the current hydrogen pressure value PH1; specifically: S21, determine whether PH1 - PH0 > ΔPH is true. If so, proceed to S22, otherwise proceed to S23; S22, by reducing the current pressure value PH1 of the hydrogen supply unit to make PH1 = PH0 + ΔPH, and at the same time enter S3; S23, by increasing the current pressure value PH1 of the hydrogen supply unit, so that PH1 = PH0 + ΔPH, then returning to S21 to continue to determine whether PH1 - PH0 > ΔPH is established; Wherein, ΔPH is the minimum pressure drop value on the hydrogen pipeline between the hydrogen outlet of the turbine and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack; S3, the controller calculates the air pressure threshold PA0 required at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack and simultaneously turns on the air supply unit; S4 , reading the current air pressure value PA1 of the air supply unit, and controlling the working state of the air supply unit according to the magnitude relationship between the air pressure threshold PA0 and the current air pressure value PA1 .

6. The control method of a fuel cell gas supply system based on turbocharging according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S4, the working state of the air supply unit is controlled according to the relationship between the air pressure threshold PA0 and the current air pressure value PA1, specifically: S41, determine whether PA1 - PA0 > ΔPA is established. If so, proceed to S42, otherwise proceed to S43; S42, reducing the current pressure value PA1 of the air supply unit so that PA1 = PA0 + ΔPA; S43, increasing the current pressure value PA1 of the air supply unit to make PA1 = PA0 + ΔPA; Wherein, ΔPA is the minimum pressure drop value on the air pipeline between the air outlet of the compressor through the air compressor and the air inlet of the fuel cell stack.

7. The control method of a fuel cell gas supply system based on turbocharging according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S22, the current pressure value PH1 of the hydrogen supply unit is reduced to make PH1 = PH0 + ΔPH, specifically: Keep the first valve of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve in the open state, and adjust the opening of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen flow regulating valve to make PH1 = PH0 + ΔPH; wherein, the first valve of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve is the valve connecting the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve and the turbine intake pipe.

8. The control method of a fuel cell gas supply system based on turbocharging according to claim 7, characterized in that: In S23, the current pressure value PH1 of the hydrogen supply unit is increased to make PH1 = PH0 + ΔPH, specifically: Open the second valve of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve, and adjust the opening of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen flow regulating valve to make PH1 = PH0 + ΔPH; wherein, the second valve of the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve is the valve connecting the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve and the hydrogen pressure reducing valve inlet pipe; At the same time, the second valve of the first air three-way solenoid valve and the air compressor are opened, and the second air three-way solenoid valve is closed. The speed of the air compressor is adjusted to make the detection value of the second air pressure sensor equal to the air pressure threshold PA0; wherein, the air pressure threshold PA0 is the air pressure threshold required at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack calculated by the controller.

9. The control method of a fuel cell gas supply system based on turbocharging according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the above S42, the current pressure value PA1 of the air supply unit is reduced so that PA1 = PA0 + ΔPA, specifically: Open the second valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve and adjust the speed of the common connecting shaft to make PA1 = PA0 + ΔPA; wherein, the second valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve is a valve connecting the second air three-way solenoid valve and the intercooler intake pipe.

10. The control method of a fuel cell gas supply system based on turbocharging according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the above S43, the current pressure value PA1 of the air supply unit is increased so that PA1 = PA0 + ΔPA, specifically: Open the first valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve and the air compressor to pressurize the air and adjust the speed of the air compressor to make PA1 = PA0 + ΔPA; wherein, the first valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve is the valve connecting the second air three-way solenoid valve and the air compressor intake pipe.

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